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COOH
R CH NH2 COOH
NH2
C R
glicina (H)
alanina (Me)
valina (iPr)
leucina (i-Bu)
izoleucina (sec-Bu)
fenilalanina (benzil)
2. Acizi dicarboxilici
acid aspartic
acid glutamic
asparagina
glutamina
3. Hidroxiaminoacizi
serina
treonina
tirosina
4. Tioaminoacizi
cisteina 5. Diaminoacizi
cistina
metionina
arginina
lisina
prolina
triptofan
histidina
hidroxiprolina
Clasificare
Aminoacizi esentiali
Arginina Histidina Isoleucina Leucina Lisina Metionina Fenilalanina Treonina Triptofan Valina
Aminoacizi neesentiali
Alanina Asparagina Acid aspartic Cisteina Cistina Acid glutamic Glutamina Glicocol (glicina) Hiidroxiprolina Prolina
Serina
Tirosina
Sinteze de aminoacizi
1. Aminarea acizilor halogenai
R CH COOH + NH3 X R CH COOH + HX NH2
Metoda Gabriel
O NK + Cl-CH2COOR O COOH COOH
O NK + Br-CH2CH2CH2Br O O COOR N (CH2)3 CH COOR O
1. + H2O 2. - CO2 3. - ROH
1. Br2 2. NH3
O
HCl
N CH2COOR O
H2O
N (CH2)3-Br O O N(CH2)3 C O
COOH + COOH
CH2
1) 4 [H]
+ .. H3C-CO-HN CH(COOR)2 EtO Na H3C-CO-HN C(COOR)2 2) Ac2O Ester aminomalonic acilat Na+
+ C 6H5CH2Cl
3. Sinteza Strecker
CN
+ NH3 + HCN H2O
R CHO
- H2O
R CH NH
R CH NH2
R CH COOH NH2
CH3SH + CH2=CH-CHO
1. NH3 + HCN 2. H2O
O C6H5 CH C C N C O C6H5
azlactona nesaturata
2 [H]
O C6H5 CH2 CH C N C O
H2O -C6H5COOH
C6H5
5. Sinteze de -aminoacizi
Degradare Hoffmann
O CH2 C NH CH2 C O
O N H O
Br2 NaOH
Br2 NaOH
CH2 COO-Na+ HCl CH2 COOH CH2 NH2 CH2 NH2 Acid -aminopropionic
COO-Na+
HCl
COOH NH2
NH2
Acid -amino-benzoic
HCN
Proprietati chimice
1. Ionizarea aminoacizilor. Caracterul amfoter
HO
R CH COOH NH2
R CH COO NH3
+ H 2O
punct izoelectric (pHi) - acea concentraie a ionilor de hidrogen la care soluia sa conine anioni i cationi ai aminoacidului n proporie egal.
Aplicatie: electroforeza
Cu
R CH COOR' NH3+Cl-
baza
R CH COOR' NH2
Cloruri acide
R CH COOH NH2
+ C6H5-COCl - HCl
5 R CH COOH R CH COCl - HCl NH-CO-C6H5 - POCl3 NH-CO-C6H5
+ PCl
Decarboxilarea
R CH COOH NH2 R CH2 NH2 + CO2
N N H
N H Histamina
Histidina
300 C
Descompunere termica
300 C
300 C
+ N(CH3)3
R CH COOH + N2 + H2O OH
O OH R CH COOH + NH2 OH O
- CO2 - NH3
O H OH O + R-CHO
O H + NH3 + OH O H HO
O NH4 O N
R CH COOH NH2
enz.
Mecanism
OPO3H2
CH NH2 + O C H COOH
N CH3
OPO3H2
N CH3
Dezaminare- decarboxilare
- Enzimele din drojdie - fuzel
H2O
H3C
CH CH2 CH2 OH