Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Celula adipoas, considerat mult vreme o celul inert din punct de vedere secretor
i cu rol aproape exclusiv de depozitare a lipidelor, i-a revelat n ultimele decenii
capacitatea de a secreta o multitudine de substane (adipokine, citokine) cu rol de
reglare a insulino-rezistenei, saietii, inflamaiei, funciei sexuale, funciei
endoteliale etc. Cele mai importante substane sunt adiponectina, leptina, visfatina,
rezistina, omentina, factorul de necroz tumoral- (TNF-), interleukina- 6 i
angiotensina II.1
Rezumat
Percepia clasic conform creia esutul adipos reprezint un loc de stocare a acizilor
grai a fost nlocuit n ultimii ani de noiunea c esutul adipos are un rol central n
metabolismul lipidelor i al glucozei i produce un numr mare de hormoni i
citokine, de exemplu, factorul de necroz tumoral-, interleukina-6, adiponectina,
leptina i inhibitorul de activator de plasminogen-1. Prevalena crescut a obezitii
viscerale excesive i obezitatea legat de factorii de risc cardiovasculari este asociat
cu incidena n cretere a bolilor cardiovasculare i a diabetului zaharat de tip 2.
Aceast grupare a factorilor de risc vasculari n obezitate (visceral) este adesea
menionat ca sindrom metabolic. Relaia strns dintre o cantitate mare de grsime
visceral, tulburrile metabolice, inclusiv un grad sczut de inflamaie, i bolile
cardiovasculare, precum i relaia anatomic unic cu circulaia hepatic portal au
condus la eforturi intense pentru a descoperi funciile endocrine specifice ale acestui
depozit de grsime visceral. Obiectivul lucrrii este de a descrie disfuncia tesutului
adipos, de a delimita relaia dintre disfuncia esutului adipos i obezitate i a descrie
6. Lenz A, Diamond FB, Jr. Obesity: the hormonal milieu. Curr Opin Endocrinol
Diabetes Obes 2008 February;15(1).
7. Otto TC, Lane MD. Adipose development: from stem cell to adipocyte. Crit Rev
Biochem Mol Biol 2005;40:229242.
8. Stirban A, Negrean M, Gtting C et al. Leptin Decreases Postprandially in People
with Type 2 Diabetes An Effect Reduced by the Cooking Method. Hormone and
Metabolic Research in press. 2008.
9. Wolk R, Berger P, Lennon RJ, Brilakis ES, Davison DE, Somers VK. Association
between plasma adiponectin levels and unstable coronary syndromes. Eur Heart
J 2007;28:292298.
10. Basu R, Singh RJ, Basu A, Chittilapilly EG, Johnson MC, Toffolo G, Cobelli C,
Rizza RA: Obesity and type 2 diabetes do not alter splanchniccortisol production in
humans. J.Clin.Endocrinol.Metab, 2005, 90.
11. Rupnick MA, Panigrahy D, Zhang CY, Dallabrida SM, Lowell BB, Langer R,
Folkman MJ. Adipose tissue mass can be regulated through the vasculature. Proc Natl
Acad Sci USA 2002;99:1073010735. Epub Jul 29, 2002.
12. Rahmouni K, Morgan DA, Morgan GM, Mark AL, Haynes WG. Role of selective
leptin resistance in diet-induced obesity hypertension. Diabetes 2005;54: 20122018.
13. Engeli S, Bohnke J, Gorzelniak K, Janke J, Schling P, Bader M, Luft FC, Sharma
AM. Weight loss and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Hypertension 2005;
45:356362.
14. Andraws R, Brown DL. Effect of inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system on
development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (meta-analysis of randomized trials). Am J
Cardiol 2007; 99: 10061012.
15. Hopkins TA, Ouchi N, Shibata R, Walsh K. Adiponectin actions in the
cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Res 2007;74:1118.
16. Massiera F, Bloch-Faure M, Ceiler D, Murakami K, Fukamizu A, Gasc JM,
Quignard-Boulange A, Negrel R, Ailhaud G, Seydoux J, Meneton P, Teboul M.
Adipose angiotensinogen is involved in adipose tissue growth and blood pressure
regulation. FASEB J 2001; 15: 27272729.
17. Isomaa B, Almgren P, Tuomi T, Forsen B, Lahti K, Nissen M, Taskinen MR,
Groop L. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with the metabolic
syndrome. Diabetes Care 2001;24:683689.
18. Staels B, Dallongeville J, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K, Leitersdorf E, Fruchart JC.
Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein
metabolism. Circulation 1998;98:20882093.
19. Sobel BE, Taatjes DJ, Schneider DJ. Intramural plasminogen activator inhibitor
type-1 and coronary atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2003;23: 1979
1989.
20. Bouhali T, Brisson D, St-Pierre J, Tremblay G, Perron P, Laprise C, Vohl
MC,Vissers MN, Hutten BA, Despres JP, Kastelein JJ, Gaudet D. Low plasma
adiponectin exacerbates the risk of premature coronary artery disease in familial
hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 2006. Epub 22 November 2006.
21. Devaraj S, Siegel D, Jialal I. Simvastatin (40 mg/day), adiponectin levels, and
insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol 2007;
100:13971399.
22. Jung SH, Park HS, Kim KS, Choi WH, Ahn CW, Kim BT, Kim SM, Lee SY, Ahn
SM, Kim YK, Kim HJ, Kim DJ, Lee KW. Effect of weight loss on some serum
cytokines in human obesity: increase in IL-10 after weight loss. J Nutr
Biochem 2008;19:371375.
23. Horakova D, Pastucha D, Stejskal D, Kollarova H, Azeem K, Janout V. Adipocyte
Fatty Acid binding protein and C-reactive protein levels as indicators of insulin
resistance development. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub.
2011 Dec;155(4):355-9
24. Palsgaard J, Emanuelli B, Winnay JN, Sumara G, Karsenty G, Kahn CR.
Crosstalk between insulin and Wnt signaling in preadipocytes: Role of Wnt Coreceptor LDL receptor related protein-5 (LRP5). J Biol Chem. 2012 Feb 15.
25. Rice BH, Cifelli CJ, Pikosky MA, Miller GD. Dairy components and risk factors
for cardiometabolic syndrome: recent evidence and opportunities for future research.
Adv Nutr. 2011 Sep;2(5):396-407. Epub 2011 Sep 6.