Capitolul4

BIOLOGICEALE ULTRASUNETELOR EFECTELE

Sortn M. Du.lea

Aceste biologice. nu Ultfasirnetele suntlipsitede eiecte pdncipal de trei factori: intcnsitatea efec! depind ?n la sonorA, timful dc cxpunre enefgi.l lluxului de energie efcctclor US. Pe prezenla sonorl incidend ii ftccvcnF ulilizarea US in lralamentele biologice se bazcaz, (detartaj)9i ln chirurgie: in reumahbgice, stomalologic a lirorilia extmcoryorcali calculilofprin undi de goc $i bisturielecu US. Exist, insl diferenle cllntikttive $i intre calitative lnsemnote US cu acliune "disiructivr" US 9i in lblosile scopdiagnostic.

pe Efeolul termic. US producincalzirealesuturrlor cl! de cArele stribat,atAtpdn fenomenul cavhalio ii ir) la ci urmaabsorbliciS-aconstatat expunerea US prcduce hcmomgie bcAlein os si muichi,congestie, eibcte ternrice ovariand$i arsuri tegument$eIa gobolani.Crcatcrea cu C temperaturii 1,5"2,50 peslevalorile normalepoate embrionului h sau ltvortul, tefatogeneza moartea deteflninrl

experimental demonstrate Efectebiologice

Principalele efecte biologice ale US, denronslrate pe sirnt:efeclulbiofizicde cavitalie, experimen@l animale, efectul lermic, efectele asupra genomului ;i efeclele complexe, distructive. poiteimbrtrca aspecte: douA Efectulbiofizicde cavitatie vibrant a) caritaliotra zitorietsub inlhenF campului pot biologice apircamici buLe gaz. cu de US, in lichidele progre'i\ cJre o'c lcara in r:mpul US 5i i?i In:Jesc mari aLe US, bulelepol colaba L,r dinensiunile. intcnshali de localcmarcate renperaluri, subit,ducind la cresterile de tcrmld a apei Si eliberarcd urm.ltede descompunerea liberii radicali Condilii de obliherc a efectelorbiologice modcrale tluxului ale b) caritatioskbilA: 1aintensitdli lnlensitflcr unui fascicul dc US poate fi exprnnad in permanent cAmpul in sonorti po! de US. bulelepulscrzd maxrma ceEva moduri. ficnndu-se referire la intensitatea adiacente. produce modificdri \lfucturilorcelulare ale

timp Dlecleesupragcno ului. ExpunereA de 50 minute ARN-ului, nrrrea dusla disocierea h US cu inrensilate urnratii de oecrozir tisuhra la $obolani. Anomalii coDgcnilale putut li oblinute doff la pasiri. Tot au frecvenleide xprimenLul fost consDlad cresterea a surod,dar in ocesldomeniu, schimburi intre cronratidelc sunlcontradictorii. ddeledin sludiisimilare Elbcte complexe,distructive,Aceslc efecteconstau (alterarca permeabilililii celularE din nrodifi cdri structurale tumelierea nucleata lizozomalA, membranelof celulare. 5i dislugerea reticululuieodoplasmatic a mitocondriilor, $i peni la necroziccnlrolobulari citoscheletului)pol ajunge si cu hcpalici, stazdsanguina hemolizi, necrozalesutulur cataracti Asttblde etc. sau ou ccrebral medular pxraplegie, nldlungal, doar cfecteau lbsi observdLe dupi expunercr la US cu intensitililnari.

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Concluzii
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Ilibliogla l ic sclcctivit
N l \ . . l l l l {( l l ,\ P,, I lt^r)lt,\ (; ., li^t)l,r\ ll., \Il,ll N l e ( l L r .L L :r . I ) t : f ) l l A S . l r r . r r . r r t ) r t r l i t t I l i r k t l ii I K R f l N l f ( '\ L l l i $ . / ) i , / r r , \ / n I t n t r , , n l 1'ti r t tt) !r : d r 'l 1 ' . ( 1 .\ \ r . l l . S r L r r l . r s( i i . I i l r ( l.l ) i i .r L ') tr l lrr)uhrl\ . r l l ) P 1 , , L t N ( ; t - S ( ) 1 , ( ) \ l ( ) \ l l S ( t l ( : | 0r L . l , ( 'l ,i !L cr \ l r I ', i r '! ( s u b r : r l ) l , ') t : R t l i t ' l r r t ,l tl r '!r "i l t r l t i \ r r t a , , t l t i l i l . N l 0 ( l i t r l a . J L . r r . l l r ') ') f , .'l l r 'l l . 1 .$ I t l , l , S I 'N l . : l 'h y \ i . r r n L Li {i ! r r L . f L . L r L ': I ( r ) l .l b r r g l I i . N i ..r Ycr L ' l l l l . l , r l l c r \ w r l l r 1 , i r l r n , n '! , i i l i , 'l h 0 \ i . . r L T i L L L L . 'l '1\.1 . L i t r r Vr d i r , OsL o hioL( L9t)6

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