THE TENSES

I. PRESENT TENSES
1. PRESENT SIMPLE
Form: S+V1
Folosire:
a.) Aciuni care se repet, aciuni frecvente, regulate (used with always, usually, every
week, every month, twice a day, sometimes, never, often, on Monday, in the evening)
ex. I go to school every day.
I smoke. (I' a so!er)
He usually gets up at 7 oclock.
".) Adevruri general vala"ile
ex. Water boils at !!".
c.) #nele ver"e se pot folosi doar la aspectul siplu, chiar dac se refer la activiti
desf$urate %n oentul vor"irii: ver"e de percepie sen&orial ( see, hear, smell,
taste, feel ), ver"e care expri eoii $i sentiente (love, like, dislike, hate, prefer,
detest, want) $i alte ver"e ca: agree, believe, suppose, understand, forget, know,
remember, belong, possess, need.
ex. He loves vanilla ice#cream.
My father understands me.
2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Form: S+ am, is, are + V-in
Folosire:
a.) Aciuni care se desf$oar %n oentul vor"irii:
ex. I$m reading an interesting book now.
%he is sleeping.
I$m smoking. (In this oent)
".) Aciuni care se desf$oar pe o perioad liitat de tip, aciuni nespecifice
ex. I$m doing the housework this week. (#suall', ' other is responsi"le, "ut
now she is gone, so I' in charge.)
c.) Aciuni repetate, care au un efect iritant, enervant asupra vor"itorului
ex. He is always talking during my classes&
!. PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
Form: S+ "a#e, "as + V!
Folosire:
a.) Aciune sv(r$it %n trecut, cu efecte %n pre&ent
ex. I have broken my arm, so now I can$t write.
%he has killed him& %he$s a murderer&
".) Aciune petrecut %ntr)o perioad de tip neterinat %nc (ast&i, spt(na
asta, luna asta etc.)
ex. I haven$t seen Michael this week.
'hey are tired, they have worked a lot today. (It's still toda', the' a' wor!
again).
c.) Aciune %nceput %n trecut, oprit teporar, dar care poate continua
ex. We have lived in (ondon. (*e don't live there now, "ut we a' live again in
the future).
Iris have composed)) songs up to now.
d.) Aciune recent %ncheiat (cu +ust)
ex. *ohnny has +ust finished his homework.
e.) Aciune %nceput %n trecut, dar continu(nd %n pre&ent) aciune %ntrerupt, nu
continu
ex. I have lived in that house for 7 years. ($or preci&ea& perioada de tip, iar
sin%e oentul %n care a %nceput aciunea).
Acest tip se folose$te cu expresii ca: &' (o no), &' (o ("e momen(, so $ar (toate
%nsen(nd '*n+ a%&m), re%en(,-, ,a(e,- (.n &,(ima #reme), -e( $i dup expresia ("is is
("e $irs( (ime.
,-. 'his is the first time I have read such a book.
/. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form: S+ "a#e + 0een + V-in
Folosire:
a.) Aciune continu %nceput %n trecut, care continu %n pre&ent $i va continua,
pro"a"il, $i %n viitor
ex. I have been learning ,nglish for ! years.
.ou have been reading since you came from school.
He has been listening to music since / pm.
II. P1ST TENSES
2. P1ST SIMPLE
Form: S + V2
Folosire:
a.) Aciuni desf$urate %n trecut $i coplet %ncheiate
ex. He played football yesterday.
'hey arrived ) minutes ago.
Acest tip se folose$te cu expresii ca: -es(er3a-, ,as( )ee4, ,as( mon(", 5. ao etc.
6. P1ST CONTINUOUS
Form: S + )as, )ere + V-in
Folosire:
a.) , aciune %n desf$urare %ntr)un anuit oent din trecut
ex. I was having a cup of coffee at eleven o$clock last night.
".) , aciune de durat %n plin desf$urare, %ntrerupt de o aciune oentan,
instantanee
ex. 'om was reading a book when his girlfriend called him.
7. P1ST PERFECT SIMPLE
Form: S + "a3 + V!
Folosire:
a.) , aciune trecut (-ast -erfect), %ncheiat %naintea altei aciuni trecute (-ast
.iple)
ex. *ane had left when I arrived.
'he film had already started when my friends got there.
8. P1ST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Form: S + "a3 + 0een + V-in
Folosire:
a.) , aciune de durat desf$urat %n trecut %naintea altei aciuni trecute sau a unui
oent trecut
ex. I had been playing computer games for an hour when she arrived.
III. FUTURE TENSES
9. FUTURE SIMPLE
Form: S + )i,, + V1
Folosire:
a.) , aciune care va avea loc %n viitor
ex. My sister will go to another country ne-t year.
".) .e refer, de aseenea, la aciuni pro"a"ile, spontane (on#the#spot#decisions)
ex. I think I$ll drink a beer.
We dont know what to choose. I suppose well go for this one.
c.) -redicii "a&ate pe ceea ce %i iagine&i
ex. Itll be a hot day today.
1:. FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Form: S + )i,, + 0e + V-in
Folosire:
a.) , aciune %n plin desf$urare %n viitor
ex. 'his time ne-t week I will be swimming in the sea.
0t si- o$clock she will be writing a letter to her boyfriend.

11. FUTURE PERFECT
Form: S + )i,, + "a#e + V!
Folosire:
a.) , aciune care se va terina p(n %ntr)un oent %n viitor (de cele ai ulte ori
se folose$te cu 0-)
ex. %he will have finished her homework by the time *ohnny comes.
(dup by the time urea& un tip pre&ent///)
12. BE ABOUT TO FUTURE
Form: S + (o 0e + a0o&( + (o + V1
Folosire: , aciune pe punctul de a se %nt(pla
ex. 'he train is about to leave the station.
1!. NE1R FUTURE
Form: S + (o 0e + oin + (o + V1
Folosire:
a.) 0xpriarea unei intenii
ex. I$m going to clean my room.
".) 0xpriarea unei previ&iuni pentru viitorul apropiat
ex. (ook& It$s going to rain&
c.) , prediciune "a&at pe ceea ce ve&i
ex. (ook at that plane& It has a broken wing. I think its going to crash&
1/. FUTURE IN THE P1ST
Form: S + )o&,3 + V1
Folosire:
a.) .e utili&ea& dup un -ast 1ense %n propo&iia principal.
ex. Mary told me that she would come to the party.
N;. 2iitorul se poate expria $i folosind dou tipuri pre&ente:
i. Presen( Sim',e
.e folose$te c(nd vor"i despre planuri oficiale, prograe, orare oficiale etc.
ex. 'he train leaves at 1 o$clock.
ii. Presen( Con(in&o&s
.e folose$te pentru planuri personale, proiecte etc.
ex. We are going to %pain this summer.