CUPRI NS

Robert Cleveland.............................................................................................................................2
Murat Williams..............................................................................................................................4
David E. Mark................................................................................................................................7
Emory C. Swank..............................................................................................................................9
Owen B. Lee..................................................................................................................................10
William Crawford........................................................................................................................14
William Crawford (2)..................................................................................................................16
William Crawford (3)..................................................................................................................18
!ll!am Craw"ord #!nterv!$l d!n 1989%..........................................................................................19
Ro!rt ". #!is..............................................................................................................................21
Carl &. Ba't!an! #1%........................................................................................................................24
Carl $. %astia&i (2)......................................................................................................................26
Carl $. %astia&i (3)......................................................................................................................27
'arr( #. %ar&!s )r......................................................................................................................29
(arry ). Barne' *r. #2%...................................................................................................................+1
*ay ,. ,at-en.................................................................................................................................++
&rt.$r . Lew!'............................................................................................................................+/
Leonard 0eeker #1%.......................................................................................................................+7
Leonard 0eeker #2%.......................................................................................................................+8
Robert *. 0arten' #1%.....................................................................................................................40
Robert *. 0arten' #2%.....................................................................................................................42
Ro!rt ). Mart!&s (3)..................................................................................................................4+
Robert *. 0arten' #4%.....................................................................................................................4/
*onat.an B. R!1kert #1%..................................................................................................................47
*onat.an B. R!1kert #2%..................................................................................................................49
*onat.an B. R!1kert #+%................................................................................................................../1
0arten van (e$ven #1%................................................................................................................../2
0arten van (e$ven #2%................................................................................................................../4
&'.ley !ll' #1%............................................................................................................................./7
&'.ley !ll' #2%............................................................................................................................./9
1
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A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #6%
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U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (I)
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=n1e2Dnd de a'tI-!G J9r!1olor$lK va 2$bl!1a o
'er!e de !nterv!$r! real!-ate Dn S;& 1$ d!2lomaC!
amer!1an! de 1ar!erIG 2r!v!nd an!! Dn 'erv!1!$l
eLtern Dn RomEn!a. &m!nt!r!le lorG d!ntrFo
2er!oadI de t!m2 de ma! b!ne de o M$mItate de
'e1ol #1946F1997%G 'DntG 2robab!lG $na d!ntre
1ele ma! b$ne N! ma! boHate '$r'e de !n"ormaC!!G
!ned!teG a'$2ra v!eC!! romEneNt! de d$2I al 66Flea
rI-bo! mond!alG de la !n'talarea aNaF-!'$l$!
reH!m de demo1raC!e 2o2$larI N! 2DnI 1Itre '"DrN!t$l 1el$! d!ntD! de1en!$ de d$2I de1embr!e 1989.
O '$r'I de !n"ormaC!! eLtraord!nareG de-vIl$!te 2entr$ 2r!ma oarI 2$bl!1$l$! romEnG de'2re o
2er!oadI 1are n$ a lI'at 2rea m$lte mIrt$r!! 2er'onale O ma! ale' ale 'trI!n!lor 1$ "$n1C!! o"!1!aleG
d!2lomat!1e 'a$ de 'trDnHere de !n"ormaC!! la B$1$reNt! O 2er!oada DnMH.ebIr!! N! a DntreH!! eL!'tenCe a
RomEn!e! 'o1!al!'te. 0Irt$r!! Dn 2rem!erI ab'ol$tIG de'2re o e2o1I Dnt!n'I 1Dt o v!aCI de omG de'2re
l!der! N! 2ol!t!1!en! lo1al! N! !nternaC!onal!G de'2re 2ol!t!1!le lo1$l$! N! ale '$2er2$ter!lor vrem!!G
de'2re Com!n"orm N! oamen! de rDndG 'tradIG even!menteG oamen! de 1$lt$rIG v!aCa 2$bl!1IG de'2re
Se1$r!tateG "!laM$l Se1$r!tIC!! N! 'e1$r!Nt! vI-$C! de amer!1an!G de'2re 2$N1Ir!!G 1anal$l 8$nIreF0area
5eaHrIG de'2re ).eorH.!$F8eMG do1tor$l ?ar.onG de'2re Jo "eme!e "oarte man!eratI N! eleHantIK
n$m!tI &na ?a$kerG de'2re 'ovrom$r!G dol!$l de o 'I2tImDnI la moartea l$! Stal!nG Dn mart!e 19/+G
de'2re C6& Dn RomEn!aG de'2re DnCeleHer! r$'oFamer!1ane la B$1$reNt! et1. C$ toate a1e'tea N! m$lteG
m$lte altele veC! l$a 1$noNt!nCIG 2entr$ 2r!ma oarI O ele 'Dnt mIrt$r!! la mDna a DntD!aG 1$le'eG
!nve't!Hate N! 1omentate 1$ o1.!!G m!ntea N! eL2ert!-a d!2lomat$l$! de 1ar!erIG 2ro"e'!on!'t. 8e1!G Dl
!nv!tImG Dn 1ont!n$areG 2e 1!t!tor la a1ea'tI 1IlItor!e "a'1!nantI 2r!n /0 de an! de !'tor!e romEnea'1I
N! e$ro2eanIG N!G atenC!eG n!1!de1$m 2r!ntrFo M$mItate de 'e1ol oare1areG 1! 1.!ar 2r!n M$mItatea de
'e1ol a v!eC!! 'aleG 'a$ a 2Ir!nC!lor 'I!. (ave a n!1e tr!2P
J9r!1olor$lK
Robert Cleveland
Se1retar 1 al LeHaC!e! S;& la B$1$reNt!G 1946F1948

2
Robert Cleveland a 1re'1$t DntrFo "am!l!e !$b!toare de 1IlItor!! Dn 'trI!nItateG a vorb!t Dn 1a'I
"ran1e-aG a av$t n$meroN! 2r!eten! e$ro2en!. & !ntrat Dn Serv!1!$l ELtern al Statelor ;n!te Dn 1946G a
l$1rat la B$1$reNt!G ?ar!'G SydneyG BanHkok N! BelHrad. & dat a1e't !nterv!$ Dn 1990G la a'.!nHton.
Robert Cleveland3 8$2I o 2er!oadI "oarte '1$rtI de 1$r'$r! de 2reHIt!re N! de l!mba romEnIG am
"o't n$m!t 'e1retar 1 la LeHaC!a de la B$1$reNt!. 9reb$!a 'I mI o1$2 de eLe1$tarea 2reveder!lor
e1onom!1e ale 9ratat$l$! de 2a1e 1$ RomEn!aG 1are to1ma! "$'e'e neHo1!at. &m traver'at O1ean$l 1$
va'$l ;SS J&mer!1aKG Dntr$1Dt 2e at$n1! n$ 2rea eL!'ta$ maN!n! Dn E$ro2aG am l$at 1$ m!ne $na. &m
debar1at la So$t.am2tonG am tre1$t Canal$l 0Dne1!! N!G d$2I o 1IlItor!e "IrI !n1!dente 2r!n -onele
m!l!tare d!n E$ro2aG am aM$n' Dn 1ele d!n $rmI la B$1$reNt!. =ntrF$na d!n -!lele 1Dnd traver'am
&tlant!1$lG 'e1retar$l de Stat 0ar'.all to1ma! a ro't!t "a!mo'$l 'I$ d!'1$r' de la (arvardG 1el 1$
?lan$l 0ar'.all. E$ n$ Dl a'1$lta'emG N! n$ Nt!am n!m!1G N! 2r!ma oarI 1Dnd am a"lat de'2re el O "!e
vorba Dntre no!G a "o't 1eva 1am Menant O a "o't 1Dnd mFam DntDln!tG Dn dr$m$l 1Itre B$1$reNt!G 1$
)r!Hore )a"en1$G "o't$l m!n!'tr$ de ELterne al RomEn!e!G eL!lat Dn ElveC!a. El a "o't ent$-!a'mat de
!deea l$! 0ar'.all N! '2era 1a 2lan$l 'I "!e eLt!n' N! la RomEn!aG dar Nt!m 2rea b!ne 1e a $rmatG 2$C!n
ma! tDr-!$. La a'.!nHton m! 'e '2$'e'e 1I eram aNte2tat de $rHenCI la B$1$reNt!G darG odatI aM$n'
a1oloG am DnCele' 1I Hraba n$ era 1.!ar aNa de mareG Dntr$1Dt 9ratat$l n$ "$'e'e Dn1I rat!"!1atG 1!
n$ma! 'emnat. ?r!n $rmareG no! n$ aveam Dn1I ranH$l de LeHaC!eG a'ta 'Fa DntDm2lat ma! tDr-!$G
deoare1e rat!"!1area tratat$l$! 'Fa 2rod$' ab!a Dn toamna l$! 1947. =n a"arI de a2l!1area 9ratat$l$!G
mFam o1$2at N! de ra2oartele e1onom!1e N! 1.e't!$n!le 1omer1!ale. ;na d!n 2r!mele 'ar1!n! a "o't de
a 1onl$1ra d!re1t 1$ 'ov!et!1!! Dn 1e 2r!veNte b$n$r!le Hermane d!n RomEn!aG 1.e't!a a'ta a
re2re-entatG DntrFadevIrG vDrDrea mea 2DnI 2e'te $re1.! Dn Jreal2ol!t!kKP 8$2I 1eG 2r!n &rm!'t!C!$G
"$'e'e 1reatI Com!'!a de 1ontrol al!atIG 'ov!et!1!! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I 2$nI mDna 2e tot 1e 2$tea$ "! n$m!te
b$n$r! HermaneG N! n$ n$ma! 2e ele. CDteva 1om2an!! amer!1aneG !n1l$'!v 6B0 N! S!nHerG avea$
"!l!ale Dn RomEn!a re2re-entate de "!rme Hermane. EL!'taG de a'emeneaG $n 2!an Ste!nwayG la O2era
RomEnIG 2ro2r!etatea "!rme! Ste!nway. Sov!et!1!! lFa$ 1on"!'1atG Dm2re$nI 1$ alte l$1r$r!G N! am
2!erd$t o Hroa-I de t!m2 N! e"ort$r! 2entr$ aF! 1onv!nHe 1I e!G de "a2tG a$ DnN"I1at 2ro2r!etIC!
amer!1ane.. & "o't Dn -adarG or!$nde te $!ta!G de M$r Dm2reM$rG n$ vedea! de1Dt 'oldaC! 'ov!et!1!Q
?artea a do$a a l$! 1947 a "o't o 2er!oadI mo.orDtIG de2re'antI. ReHele 0!.a! 'e a"laG Dn1IG 2e tronG
dar v!-!ta l$! @DN!n'k!G $n 2er'onaM !n"amG a av$t dre2t re-$ltat 1rearea $n$! aNaF-!' H$vern de
J1oal!C!eKG Dn real!tate 1ontrolat 100R de 1om$n!Nt!. 5$ n$ma! 1I 'ov!et!1!! a$ Jm$l'K e1onom!a
romEnea'1IG dar 'Fa$ N! m!N1at ra2!dG '2re a "a1e d!n RomEn!a $n 'atel!t al lor. &'ta a 1$lm!nat 1$
abd!1area ReHel$!G Dn de1embr!eG N! 1rearea JRe2$bl!1!! ?o2$lare RomEneK. 8e'!H$rG Dn toatI a1ea'tI
2er!oadI am tr!m!' la a'.!nHton ra2oarte telHra"!1e 1om2leteG am relatatG Dn amIn$nC!meG
abd!1area N! toate 1elelalte even!menteG am '1r!' N! eL2ed!at 1omentar!!. ?e'te 1Dteva -!leG
8e2artament$l de Stat neFa rI'2$n' 1I a l$at 1$noNt!nCI de abd!1are d!n J5ew Sork 9!me'T N! neFa
Dntrebat $nde era$ ra2oartele noa'treU =n 2$C!n t!m2 'Fa a"lat 1I me'aMele noa'treG tr!m!'e v!a
"a1!l!tIC!le amer!1ane d!n Vrank"$rtG "$'e'erI reC!n$te a1olo 2DnI d$2I 'IrbItoarea CrI1!$n$l$!Q
Re2orter3 CDnd a deven!t m!'!$nea dv'.G o"!1!alG LeHaC!eU
Robert Cleveland3 &'ta 'Fa DntDm2lat d$2I rat!"!1area 9ratat$l$! de 2a1eG !ar m!n!'tr$l R$dol"
S1.oen"eld a aM$n' la 0!'!$ne Dn o1tombr!e 1947.
Re2orter3 C$m era v!aCa Dn B$1$reNt!G Dn -!lele a1eleaU
Robert Cleveland3 CDnd am aM$n' 2r!ma oarI era O,. 8$2I 1e a ven!t N! 'oC!aG am Dn1.!r!at "oarte
!e"t!n o 1a'I '2lend!dIG 1are a2arC!n$'e $n$! membr$ al "am!l!e! reHale. ?er'onal$l de 'erv!1e n$
1o'ta n!1! el m$lt N! era 1om2etent. 0Dn1area era "oarte b$nIG ma! ale' 1I o '$2l!mentam 1$ 2rod$'e
ad$'e de a"arI. &m DntDln!t m$lC! romEn!G maMor!tatea oamen! a! "o't$l$! reH!mG 2e 1are !Fam HI'!t
aHreab!l! N! "oarte !ntere'anC!G dar n$ 2rea era$ !n"ormaC! Dn 1e 2r!veNte $lt!mele evol$C!! 2ol!t!1e.
&1e'te 1onta1te a$ Dn1etat d$2I abd!1area reHel$!G 2r!eten!lor noNtr! l! 'Fa "I1$t teamI 'I ne ma!
vadI. Vr!1a lor era Dnteme!atIG 1el 2$C!n $na d!ntre 2er'oanele 2e 1are leFam 1$no'1$t a '"DrN!t la
CanalG la m$n1I "orCatI. =ntreaHa 1olon!e de 'trI!n! a "o't !-olatIG 'Fa JDn1.!'K Dn eaG '1.!mbam
n$ma! Dntre no! Nt!r! N! -von$r! de'2re evol$C!a l$1r$r!lorG Dn vremea a1eea neFam "I1$t 1DC!va
2r!eten! 2e v!aCIG 2r!ntre 1oleH!. O 1.e't!e 'tran!e a v!eC!! a "o't rata de '1.!mb val$tar. CDnd am
aM$n' 2r!ma oarI la "ront!erIG am '1.!mbat Dn le! o ban1notI de 1!n1! dolar!G d!n 1are am 1$m2Irat
+
ben-!nI N! al!mente 2entr$ $n dr$m de 700 kmG N! am 2lIt!t N! $n a2artament 2entr$ o noa2teG la $n
.otel. &m 2etre1$t 2r!mele 'I2tImDn! DntrF$n .otel de Jl$LK 1$ /0 de 1enC! 2e noa2teG dar a2o! a
ven!t re"orma monetarIG 1are a 'IrI1!t toatI 2o2$laC!aG LeHaC!a 'Fa 1on"r$ntat 1$ n!Nte 1.elt$!el!
enormeG d!n 2r!1!na no!lor rate de '1.!mbG a "o't o adevIratI tDl.Ir!e la dr$m$l mare. 8e a'emeneaG
no!G membr!! LeHaC!e!G $rma 'I aM$nHem 'Ira1! ra2!dG am 2r!m!t 'alar!! mIr!te de la 8e2artament$l
de StatG dar 1$ Hre$ am 2$t$t re-!'ta.
Re2orter3 =n 1e l!mbI aC! 1om$n!1atG Dn HeneralU
Robert Cleveland3 8!n 2I1ateG o1a-!!le de a vorb! 1$ o"!1!al!tIC! romEne a$ "o't 1a N! !neL!'tente.
?er'onalG vorbeam b!ne "ran1e-aG Dn a1ea vreme a1ea'ta era l!nH$a "ran1a Dn RomEn!aG tot$N! am
m$n1!t m$lt 1a 'I DnvIC romEna. =n moment$l 1Dnd am 2le1atG o Nt!am de't$l de b!neG N! a'tI-! Dn1I
"olo'!m a1a'I "ra-e N! 1$v!nte romEneNt!.
Re2orter3 Ce aC! 2$tea '2$neG Dn 1on1l$-!eU
Robert Cleveland3 RomEn!a de d!na!nte de rI-bo! "I1$'e o 'er!e de 2aN! 2e 1alea evol$C!e!
demo1rat!1eG avea $n ReHeG dar N! o Con't!t$C!eG $n ?arlamentG 2art!de 2ol!t!1e et1. =n a1elaN! t!m2G
avea $n '!'tem 2ol!t!1 ol!Har.!1G alIt$r! de o e1onom!e 1a2!tal!'tIG mono2ol!'tI. EL!'taG de1!G o
2rI2a't!e enormI Dntre 1e! av$C! N! 1e! 'Ira1! N!G Dn a1e'te 1ond!C!!G 1om$n!Nt!! a$ HI'!t a1olo $n teren
2r!eln!1G 2entr$ 1a 'I 2$nI mDna 2e 2$tere. 8$2I rI-bo!G am 2$t$t 'I vedem 1$ o1.!! noNtr! 1$m
a1ea'tI CarI a deven!t $n 'atel!t 'ov!et!1 'erv!l. 5$ am "o't de "aCI la 2ro1e'$l de 1ole1t!v!-are a
aHr!1$lt$r!!G 1are a d!'tr$' 2otenC!al$l aHr!1ol boHat al RomEn!e!G N! n!1! la !nd$'tral!-areG 1are !Fa
tran'"ormat 2e CIran! DntrFo 1la'I 'o1!alI '$b$rbanIG dar am vI-$t toate a1e'tea ma! tDr-!$G 1Dnd am
v!-!tat d!n no$ Cara.
Re2orter3 8e'!H$rG romEn!! ma! avea$ 2etrol.
Robert Cleveland3 8aG la ?lo!eNt!G Dn -ona bombardatI Dn 1$r'$l rI-bo!$l$!G eL!'ta 2etrol$l 1areG
Dm2re$nI 1$ eL2ort$r!le aHr!1oleG a$ menC!n$t RomEn!a DntrFo "ormI "oarte b$nIG m$lC! an!. =n
vremea 1Dnd no! am "o't a1oloG 'ov!et!1!! a$ l$at 1ea ma! mare 2arte d!n elG aNa 1I C!Ce!$l N! 2rod$'ele
2etrol!ere 'Fa$ Dm2$C!nat "oarte m$lt. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #66%
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U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (II)
0tt+122www.3iartri-olorul.ro2u&4s!rial4+al+ita&t4di+lomati4am!ri-a&i4roma&ia4ii2
$lt! tiri G tiri F 6 &$H$'t 2014
Murat Williams -o&sili!r +oliti- al 5!6a,i!i
SU$ la %u-ur!7ti8 9:;:49:<9
5I'1$t N! 1re'1$t Dn @!rH!n!aG amba'ador$l
0$rat !ll!am' a "o't ed$1at la ;n!ver'!tatea
d!n @!rH!n!a N! la ;n!ver'!tatea OL"ordG d!n
&nHl!a. 0!l!tar Dn 0ar!na S;& Dn al 66Flea
rI-bo! mond!alG d$2I 194/ a "o't anHaMat la
8e2artament$l de StatG tr!m!' Dn Serv!1!$l
ELtern la B$1$reNt!G Salon!1G Berna N! 9el &v!v
N! a "o't amba'ador$l S;& Dn SalvadorG 1961F1964. &1e't !nterv!$ a "o't real!-at Dn 1990.
&mba'ador$l 0$rat !ll!am' a m$r!t Dn 1994. 0$rat !ll!am'3 &Na 1$m '2$neamG am vr$t 'I merH
Dn ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG dar am "o't tr!m!' la B$1$reNt!.
R!+ort!r1 $,i urmat vr!o +r!6=tir! s+!-ial=8 sau -ursuri d! lima rom/&=8 .&ai&t! d! a
a>u&6! la +ost?
4
Murat Williams1 5$G n$ 2Irea 'I "! "o't ne1e'arI vreo 2reHIt!re '2e1!alI. V$'e'em tr!m!' la
'e1C!a 2ol!t!1I a LeHaC!e!G romEn!! m!Fa$ dat v!-I de !ntrare m!eG n$ N! Ne"$l$! adM$n1t al 0!'!$n!!G Ed
)$ll!on.
R!+ort!r1 D! -! s4a .&t.m+lat asta?
Murat Williams3 (abar nFamG $n!! a$ '2$' 1I a "o't '$'2e1t "a2t$l 1I am 2r!m!t v!-IG ad!1I aN "!
av$t relaC!! ma! b$ne 1$ 1om$n!Nt!!. 5$ 1red 1I a1eNt!a a$ a$-!tG vreodatIG de m!neG 2r!n $rmare
neNt!!nd 1!ne 'DntG m!Fa$ dat 2$r N! '!m2l$ v!-I. CDnd am aM$n' a1oloG LeHaC!a 'e m!1Nora'eG n$ eram
Dn 'tare 'I "a1em 2rea m$lteG H$vern$l romEn re't!1C!ona'e 'er!o' l!bertatea noa'trI de m!N1are. 5$
aveam vo!e 'I !eN!m a"arI d!n oraN "IrI $n 2erm!' '2e1!alG n$ 2$team merHe "IrI el n!1! mI1ar la
La1$l SnaHovG eram $rmIr!C! 2ret$t!nden!. @!-e de !ntrare Dn CarI nFa ma! 2r!m!t n!men!G 1$ eL1e2C!a
1$r!er!lorG N! am aNte2tat 8 l$n! 2DnI m!Fa ven!t 2r!m$l 1oleH.
R!+ort!r1 C.t d! mul,i am!ri-a&i lu-rau .& 5!6a,i! la a-!a vr!m!?
0$rat !ll!am'3 CDnd am aM$n'G vreo /0. 8arG la vreo do$IFtre! l$n! d$2I a1eeaG amba'ador$l
S1.oen"eld a "o't 1.emat la 0!n!'ter$l de ELterne N! ! 'Fa '2$' 1I 2er'onal$l LeHaC!e! treb$!e red$'
la maL!m$m 10 oamen!G la toate n!vel$r!le. 8$2I 1.e't!a a'taG nFam ma! av$t $n 'erv!1!$ de 2a-I
2ermanentG $neor! am "o't doar 7 2er'oaneG "$n1C!onar!! N! o"!Cer!! 1e!lalC! n$ 2r!m!'erI v!-eG a "o't o
l!m!tare ab'ol$tI a n$mIr$l$! de amer!1an! 1are 2$tea$ 'I !ntre Dn CarI. 9ot$N!G am d!'2$' de 1DC!va
"$n1C!onar! lo1al! de o mare valoareG dar v!aCa deven!'e Hrea N! 2entr$ e!.
CDnd am aM$n' a1oloG vreo 2 'a$ + "$'e'erI 'IltaC! N! bIHaC! Dn 2$N1Ir!!G 2 d!ntre e! a$ a2Ir$t 1.!ar
Dn 2ro1e'e 2$bl!1eG de alC! + 'a$ 4G are'taC! Dn 2r!mele mele l$n! de NedereG nFam ma! a$-!t n!1!odatI.
&m "! 2$t$t 2rote'ta "aCI de 1.e't!!le a'teaG dar !n"l$enCa noa'trI Dn RomEn!a la a1ea vreme era eHalI
1$ -ero. &veam 1DC!va "$n1C!onar! lo1al! la 1on'$lat$l no'tr$ 1areG d!n "er!1!re 2entr$ e!G era$ evre! N!
2$tea$ 2le1a Dn 6'rael. &2ro2oG '!nH$r$l lo1 aHlomerat d!n B$1$reNt!G Dn a1ele -!leG era Dn "aCa
LeHaC!e! 6'rael$l$! O evre!! romEn! 'tItea$ la 1o-! l$nH! 2entr$ a 2r!m! v!-e 'I 2le1e Dn 6'rael.
Cr!-a de 2er'onal la LeHaC!e era aNa de mareG Dn1DtG $neor!G rImDneam N! dormeam a1oloG 'a$
2le1am a1a'I d!m!neaCa. 5$ eram 2I-!C! de 2$N1aN! mar!n!G de a'emeneaG neFam 2r!n' 1I 'Dntem
a'1$ltaC!. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1IG o datIG 'oC!a a ven!t Dn t!m2$l -!le! 'I vorbea'1I 1eva 1$ m!ne N! n$ mF
a HI'!t n!1I!er!. 6 'Fa '2$' 1I 'Far 2$tea 'I "!$ Dn1.!' Dn ba!e 1$ 1e!lalC! 1oleH! N! 'I vorb!m 1$
rob!netele de'1.!'eG 1a 'I n$ "!m a$-!C!. &2ro2oG n$ DnCeleH la 1e 2$tea "olo'! a'taG dar eram a'1$ltaC!
N! a1a'IG $nde lo1$!amG N! Dn b!ro$r!G N! 1DndG Dn '"DrN!tG am d!'2$' de $n te.n!1!anG a1e'ta a HI'!t Dn
dorm!tor$l no'tr$ 2e'te 20 de m!1ro"oane. C.!ar N! la teren$l de Hol" O 2are 1!$datG dar eL!'ta $n
teren de Hol"G 1$ 6 2o't$r! O treb$!a 'I "!m atenC! la 1e vorb!m d!n 2r!1!na 2er'onal$l$! lo1al
Dn'oC!torG 1are trIHea 1$ $re1.ea N! ra2orta ma! de2arte.
R!+ort!r1 @r!uri d! 6!&ul =sta adu- +r!>udi-ii vi!,ii d! famili!8 -0iar 7i -!l!i ofi-ial!.
0$rat !ll!am'3 @!aCa noa'trI o"!1!alI era "oarte l!m!tatI la vremea a1eea. Ceea 1e 1red 1I a "o't
treaba 1ea ma! "olo'!toare 2e 1are am "I1$tFoG a "o't 'I 2reHIte'1 $n ra2ort 'I2tImDnal 1Itre
8e2artamentG re"le1tDnd 1onC!n$t$l -!ar$l$! JCom!n"orm$l$!T #2$bl!1aC!a 6nternaC!onale! a 666Fa
1om$n!'teG "I1$tI de Stal!n N! 1$ 'ed!$l 1entral la 0o'1ovaG n.red.%G 1are 'e DntDm2la 'I "!e ed!tat la
B$1$reNt!. &1ea 2$bl!1aC!e 'e reda1ta N! 'e t!2Irea '$b '$2raveH.erea d!re1tI a 2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'tG
Dn ma! m$lte l!mb!G N! era eL2ed!atI 2e tot Hlob$l.
Ea arIta 1om$n!Nt!lor lo!al! d!n d!"er!te CIr! 1e 'e DntDm2la N! 1e avea$ de "I1$t. &1e'ta era
m!Mlo1$l 2r!n 1are era$ !n'tr$!C! 1om$n!Nt!! d!n toatI l$meaG 1e an$me a1C!$n! 'I Dntre2r!ndI. &veam
$n "$n1C!onar romEn 1are 'e d$1ea la reda1C!a lor Dn "!e1are v!ner! N! aNte2ta 1a 2$bl!1aC!a 'I a2arIG N!
ad$1ea re2ede la b!ro$ 2r!ma 1o2!e t!2Ir!tIG Dn 1e l!mbI o "! "o'tG "ran1e-IG enHle-IG '2an!olI et1.
&1oloG e$ "I1eam ra2!d '$mar$l 1onC!n$t$l$! N!Fl tr!m!team la a'.!nHton. 0a! tDr-!$G $n!! m!Fa$
'2$' 1I a1ea'ta era '!nH$ra teleHramI de la B$1$reNt! 2e 1are toC! d!n 8e2artament o aNte2ta$ 1$
nerIbdare.
?$r N! '!m2l$G 'Fa DntDm2lat 1aG la B$1$reNt!G 'I "!m eLa1t Dn lo1$l de $nde 'e tran'm!tea$ ord!nele
N! !nd!1aC!!le 1Itre 1om$n!Nt!! d!n DntreaHa l$me.
/
R!+ort!r1 $,i avut r!la,ii -u -!l!lalt! amasad!?
Murat Williams1 8aG 1$ br!tan!1!!G 1$ t$r1!!G 1$ "!nalande-!!G 1$ !tal!en!!. 5$ 2rea eL!'ta$ m$lte
leHaC!! o11!dentaleG darG 1$ alea 2$C!ne 1Dte era$G menC!neam leHIt$ra. =n a1elaN! t!m2G am "I1$t tot
2o'!b!l$l 'I avem 1onta1te 1$ romEn!!G atDt 1Dt 'e 2$tea. EraG Dn'IG 1$ratI '!n$1!dere 2entr$ $n romEn
'I ne v!-!te-eG 'a$ 'I !a 2rDn-$l or! 1!na 1$ no!.
R!+ort!r1 C!l -ar! d!,i&!a +! atu&-i +ut!r!a !ra -!l r=stur&at a&ul tr!-ut?
0$rat !ll!am'3 5$G 1e d!'1$tIm no! a!1! 'Fa DntDm2lat 1$ m$lt Dna!nte de Cea$Ne'1$. &1eea a
"o't e2o1a l$! ).eorH.!$F8eM. ?reNed!nte al Re2$bl!1!! a "o't $n do1tor Dn etateG Con'tant!n ?ar.onG
eL2ert Dn med!1!nI Her!atr!1I. 9!2$l 2$tea 'IF! "a1I 2e 1e! bItrDn! 'I 'e '!mtI t!ner!G dar el Dn'$N! era
"oarte bItrDnG m! 'Fa DntDm2lat 'IFl vId dorm!nd Dn ?arlament. ?er'onaM$l 1el ma! 2$tern!1 la a1ea
vreme Dn RomEn!a a "o't o "eme!eG &na ?a$kerG "oarte a2ro2!atI de Stal!n N! "oarte '$'F2$'I Dn
!erar.!a 1om$n!'tI !nternaC!onalI. Era m!n!'tr$ de ELterne.
Era o "eme!e eLtraord!narIG "oarte 1a2ab!lIG "oarte 2o2$larI. &m av$t o1a-!a 'I vId ambele 'ale
"eCe. &m vI-$tFo "$r!oa'I Dn &d$narea 5aC!onalIG 1ondamnDnd$F! 2e yanke! N! 2e alC! o11!dental! Dn
termen! "oarte d$r!. 8arG am vI-$tFo N! Dn b!ro$l e!G $nde a "o't 1almI N! NarmantIG aNa 1$m 'e 1ade
'I "!e or!1e "eme!e. V$ma C!HIr! eL1elenteG Dn1I '!mt m!ro'$l de t$t$n d!n Bal1an!. :! era DmbrI1atI
"oarte eleHant.
R!+ort!r1 A& -! lim= a,i -omu&i-at?
0$rat !ll!am'3 8e ob!1e! Dn "ran1e-I. RomEna n$ e'te o l!mbI "oarte d!"!1!lIG 'eamInI atDt de
m$lt 1$ lat!na N! !tal!anaG Dn1Dt 2$team 1!t! -!arele "IrI vreo d!"!1$ltate. &na ?a$ker era "ata $n$!
rab!n N! mFam HDnd!t o datIG 1I am "o'tG 2robab!lG $n$l d!ntre 2$C!n!! membr! a! Serv!1!$l$! ELtern
1are a$ av$t deFa "a1e 1$ do! m!n!Ntr! de ELterneG ambele "eme! N! ambele "!!1e de rab!n!. EL!'tIG
tot$N!G o mare d!"erenCI Dntre &na ?a$ker a RomEn!e! N! marea damI )olda 0e!r a 6'rael$l$!.
&m av$t deFa "a1e 1$ amDndo$I N!G de'!H$rG am av$t relaC!! m$lt ma! a2ro2!ate 1$ )olda 0e!rG
de1Dt 1$ &na ?a$ker. &mbele a$ "o't 2er'oane eLtrem de 2$tern!1eG dar 1$ or!entIr! 2ol!t!1e
d!ametral o2$'e. Or!1$mG &na ?a$ker a "o't 2er'onaM$l 1el ma! deo'eb!t d!ntre toC! 1$ 1are am av$t
deFa "a1e la B$1$reNt!.
R!+ort!r1 Car! a fost r!la,ia dvs. -u Was0i&6to&ul?
0$rat !ll!am'3 Ce 2ot 'I -!1G 8e2artament$l n$ 2$tea 'I ne aM$te 1$ 2rea m$lte. &m Dn1e2$t 'I
"!m re'tr!1C!onaC! 1.!ar N! Dn B$1$reNt!G N! n$ n! 'e 2erm!tea 'I 1IlItor!m 2r!n CarI. &1eleaN! re'tr!1C!!
l! 'Fa$ a2l!1at N! d!2lomaC!lor romEn! d!n a'.!nHtonG 1Dnd 2er'onal$l LeHaC!e! noa'tre d!n B$1$reNt!
a "o't m!1NoratG la "el 'Fa DntDm2lat la LeHaC!a romEnI d!n a'.!nHton. ;neor!G m! 'e 2Irea 1I n$
"a1em n!m!1G de1Dt 'I 2r!v!m 'teaH$l amer!1an "Dl"D!nd Dn "aCa 1lId!r!!G 'I C!nem !n1!nta de'1.!'IG 'I
'tIm de 2omanI N! 'I ra2ortIm a1a'I o m$lC!me de 1.e't!! de mDna a do$a. 8arG a "o't !n'tr$1t!v.
R!+ort!r1 C.t a,i stat .& Rom/&ia?
Murat Williams1 Cam 2 an!.
@I m$lC$me'1. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #666%
*tiri
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (III)
0tt+122www.3iartri-olorul.ro2di+lomati4am!ri-a&i4roma&ia4iii2
tiri G to+&!ws F 6 &$H$'t 2014
6
David E. Mark
*!f ad>u&-t al Misiu&ii Di+lomati-!
am!ri-a&! la %u-ur!7ti (9:<249:<;)
&mba'ador$l 8av!d E. 0ark a ab'olv!tG Dn
194+G 8re2t$l la ;n!ver'!tatea Col$mb!aG d!n
5ew Sork. &2roa2e de '"DrN!t$l 1el$! deFal 66Flea
rI-bo! mond!alG 8av!d 0ark 'Fa alIt$rat
0!n!'ter$l$! &"a1er!lor ELterne. & l$1rat Dn
Coreea de S$dG RomEn!aG ElveC!aG B$r$nd! N! la
a'.!nHton. 6nterv!$l a "o't 1on'emnat la 28 !$l!e 1989.
David E. Mark1 8e "a2tG 2er!oada Dn 1are am l$1rat la B$1$reNt! a re2re-entat o eL2er!enCI
de't$l de $t!lIG 2entr$ 1IG la a1ea vremeG n$ aveam Dn1I +0 de an!. :! am av$t noro1$l 'I l$1re- 1a
"$n1C!onar Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ 2robleme 2ol!t!1eG 1eea 1e era o 'l$MbI 'er!oa'I. 5$ era 1eea 1e 'Far 2$tea
n$m!G Dn mod ob!Nn$!tG o amba'adIG eraG ma! deHrabIG o m!'!$ne d!2lomat!1IG $na d!ntre $lt!m!le
re2re-entanCe de a1e't "el 2e 1are S;& leFa$ av$t vreodatI. 6ar eL2er!enCa mea a "o't !ntere'antI N!
2entr$ 1IG d!n 2$n1t de vedere !nternG RomEn!a era 'atel!t$l 1el ma! 'tal!n!'t al ;n!$n!! Sov!et!1e.
R!+ort!r1 Ci&! -o&du-!a Rom/&ia? C!au7!s-u?
David E. Mark1 OG n$ Cea$Ne'1$. 5$ Nt!$ 1e "I1ea el 2e vremea a1eeaG 2robab!l 1I DN! 1on'ol!da
2o-!C!a 2entr$ a aM$nHe Dn eNalon$l '$2er!or. La 1ond$1ere 'e a"la ).eorH.e ).eorH.!$F8eMG 1are
to1ma! DnlIt$ra'eG 2r!ntrFo manevrI 1om$n!'tIG oamen! ven!C! de la 0o'1ova. & ma! eL!'tat $n
"a1torG la moment$l re'2e1t!vG 1are a DnrI$tIC!t '!t$aC!aG at$n1! 1Dnd a"!rm 1I RomEn!a era $n 'atel!t
'tal!n!'t N! 1I a rIma' 'tal!n!'tI 2DnI a'tI-! #!$l!e 1989%. Sov!etele a1a2ara'erI tot 1e era de valoare
Dn RomEn!aG 2r!n 1rearea a 20F22 de Dntre2r!nder! m!Lte 'ov!etoFromEneG 1$ $n 2ro1ent de /0R
"!e1are 2arte. E! b!neG vI 2$teC! !maH!na 1!ne le adm!n!'tra.
Era$ 1om2an!! aer!eneG oCelIr!!G "!rme de a'!H$rIr!G 1om2an!! de tran'2ort r$t!erG ba-!ne 2ort$are
N! a2roa2e toate 1elelalte ram$r! !nd$'tr!ale. 5$ a "o'tG 2ra1t!1G n!m!1 1are 'I le "! rIma' romEn!lorG
1$ eL1e2C!a aHr!1$lt$r!!. CDnd a m$r!t Stal!nG Dn mart!e 19/+G d!ntre toC! 'atel!C!! ;RSSG n$ma! Dn
RomEn!a 'Fa de1retat o 'I2tImDnI de dol!$. 9ot$l era Dn1.!'. & "o't 1$ tot$l '$r2r!n-Itor 1IG deN! era$
atDt de 'trDn' leHaC! de 0o'1ovaG la + 'a$ 4 l$n! d$2I a1e't even!mentG l!der!! romEn! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I 'e
de-!1I de 'ov!et!1!.
5$ n$ma! 1I a$ Dn1.!' Dntre2r!nder!le m!LteG dar a$ Dn1e2$t 'I 'e d!'tanCe-e de ;n!$nea
Sov!et!1IG 2I'trDnd Dn !nter!or 1ara1ter!'t!1!le 'tal!n!'teG dar !m2$nDnd a1ea'tI d!'tanCI 2e 2lan eLtern.
E'te "oarte 1$r!o' N! n$ avem n!1! o dovadI d!re1tI a 1eea 1e 'Fa DntDm2lat la '"DrN!t$l an$l$! 19/+ N!
la Dn1e2$t$l l$! 19/4G dar Dn'Ir1!nat$l 1$ a"a1er! dane-G 1are era de m$lt t!m2 re-!dent Dn RomEn!aG
avea 1oneL!$n! 2e'te tot. &Na 1I el a 2$' 1a2 la 1a2 toate !n"ormaC!!le 1are 1lar!"!1a$ '1.!mbIr!le
'$rven!te. &m 't$d!at l!mba romEnI N! o vorbeam 2e at$n1! O a1$m am $!tatFo.
8ar 't$d!erea a1e'te! l!mb! a d$rat n$ma! + l$n!G d$2I 1are 2ro"e'or$l me$ a "o't are'tat N! tr!m!'
la 1el ma! de tem$t laHIr de m$n1I "orCatI. La vremea a1eeaG reH!m$l tr!m!'e'e +0.000 de oamen!
DntrF$n $n lo1 de m$n1I "orCatI a'emInItor H$laH$r!lor 'ov!et!1eG $nde deC!n$C!! treb$!a$ 'I
1on'tr$!a'1I $n 1analG 1e $rma 'I '1$rte-e dr$m$l d!ntre 8$nIre N! 0area 5eaHrIG 1$ $n n$mIr
relat!v m!1 de k!lometr!. 8e ob!1e!G d!2lomaC!lor 'trI!n! n$ l! 'e 2erm!tea 'I 1IlItorea'1I Dn CarIG dar
2$tea$ 'I "a1IG varaG eL1$r'!! de o -!G "IrI 'I rImInIG 2e'te noa2teG 2e l!toral$l 0Ir!! 5eHre.
E! n$ 2$tea$ 'I mearHI la Con'tanCaG 1! la o m!1I 'taC!$neG n$m!tI E"or!e. 8e "a2tG 2e dr$m$l
'2re Con'tanCaG am tre1$t 2r!n )$laH. &m 2$t$t vedea N!r$r!le l$nH! de oamen! 'Irman!G -drenCIroN!G
Dm2!nHDnd 1Ir$1!oare 2e N!neG 2entr$ a 1on'tr$! 1anal$lG 1are a "o't abandonatG "!reNteG d$2I moartea
l$! Stal!n. ?ro!e1t$l Canal$l$! a "o't re"I1$t m$lt ma! tDr-!$G DntrFo "ormI d!"er!tI N! "!nal!-atG 2r!n
metode m$lt ma! moderne. 8arG Dn or!1e 1a-G RomEn!a a "o't $n eLem2l$ 1la'!1 al mod$l$! Dn 1are
7
$n 'atel!t 1om$n!'t a "o't modelat N! "I1$t 'I "$n1C!one-eG 2re1$m N! al "el$l$! Dn 1are 'ov!et!1! a$
dom!nat '2aC!$l e'tFe$ro2ean.
R!+ort!r1 C! afa-!ri f=-!au am!ri-a&ii -u Rom/&ia? Car! !rau +roi!-t!l! SU$ di&
Rom/&ia8 .& +!rioada .& -ar! v4a,i aflat a-olo?
David E. Mark1 &m l$1rat d!n 19/2 2DnI Dn 19/4G 2 an!. 5$ 2$tem '2$ne 1I era vorba de
a"a1er!. &veam $nele a1t!v!tIC! 1on'$lare. &mer!1an!!! de or!H!ne romEnI vo!a$ 'IFN! aM$te r$dele
1are Dn1er1a$ 'I 2le1e d!n RomEn!a. &m "I1$t $nele !ntervenC!! 2e lDnHI 1ond$1erea CIr!!G 1areG
de'!H$rG a$ "o't 1$ tot$l !Hnorate. ?re'$2$nG totodatIG 1I Statele ;n!te avea$ $nele leHIt$r! rIma'e
nelIm$r!te 1$ "am!l!a reHalIG 1are "$'e'eG Dn mod o"!1!alG DnlIt$ratI Dn 1947.
R!+ort!r1 5o-uiau .& Stat!l! U&it!?
David E. Mark1 5$. Cred 1I lo1$!a$ Dn E$ro2a. 5$ aveam n!1! $n "el de a"a1er! e1onom!1e
relevanteG de'2re 1are am 2$tea vorb!. S!'tem$l de tele"on!e d!n RomEn!aG 1are "I1ea 2arte d!n 69W9
la a1ea vremeG "$'e'e naC!onal!-at. &Na a Dn1e2$t 69W9 'I "$n1C!one-e Dn DntreaHa l$meG 1a o
1om2an!e !nternaC!onalI de tele"on!e N! teleHra"!eG la "el N! Dn $nele CIr! d!n E't$l E$ro2e!. &Na 1IG Dn
2r!n1!2!$G la 0!'!$ne no! eram doar $n 'erv!1!$ de a'1$ltare N! $rmIr!reG !ar C6& a o2erat Dn
RomEn!a n$ma! Dn mI'$ra Dn 1are a 2$t$t 'I o "a1I. Era "oarte d!"!1!l Dn a1ea 2er!oadI.
R!+ort!r1 $,i avut vr!u& -o&ta-t util -u #uv!r&ul Rom/&?
David E. Mark1 5$. &m av$t 1onta1te m!nore 1$ $nele 2er'oane d!n ve1.!$l reH!mG 1are ma!
2$tea$ "! DntDln!te 1$ d!ver'e o1a-!!G dar H$vern$l 'e 2$rta nem!lo' 1$ e!G .IrC$!nd$F! 2e 1e! 1$ 1are
!ntram Dn leHIt$rI. E! 1.!ar a$ $1!' $n membr$ al 2er'onal$l$! no'tr$ lo1al. 6Fa$ !nMe1tat atDt de m$lt
2ent.otal de 'od!$G 'er$l adevIr$l$!G Dn1Dt "eme!a a m$r!tG aNa 1I era 2er!1$lo' 'I a! deFa "a1e 1$ no!.
&1e't !n1!dent del!1at a av$t leHIt$rI 1$ Cl$b$l 8!2lomat!1. EL!'ta $n Cl$b 8!2lomat!1 la !eN!rea
d!n B$1$reNt!G 1are avea $n teren de Hol" 1$ 6 HI$r!.
C$ m$lt t!m2 Dna!nteG Dn 2er!oada 2reF1om$n!'tIG tra'e$l ave 18 HI$r!G darG "oarte 1$rDnd d$2I 1e
a$ 2rel$at 2$tereaG 'ov!et!1!! N! romEn!! a$ 1on"!'1at 12 HI$r!. &Na 1I no! am rIma' 1$ 6 HI$r! 2l$'
1l$b$lG !ar membr!! Cl$b$l$! 8!2lomat!1 lFa$ "olo'!t de't$l de m$ltG 1$ eL1e2C!a 'ov!et!1!lorG 1are n$
era$ membr!. E! b!neG romEn!! a$ 1reat $n J2ar1 al 2o2or$l$!K Dn -ona tra'e$l$! de Hol" 1$ 12 HI$r!G
-onI 1are "$'e'e 1on"!'1atIG N! a$ an$nCat 1I dorea$ 'I 2re!a N! tra'e$l 2e 1are 'e a"la$ 1ele 6 HI$r!G
2entr$ 1a 'I eLt!ndI 2ar1$l. 5o! am d!'1$tat 1$ 1oleH!! 'ov!et!1! de'2re a'taG !arG Dn "!nalG 'ov!et!1!!
a$ '2$' 1I J&mba'ada 'ov!et!1I n$ avea de't$l '2aC!$ 1a 'I Moa1e vole!T O '2ort$l lor 2re"erat O
JoareG ar 2$tea 'I 1on'tr$!a'1I $n teren de vole! la Cl$b$l 8!2lomat!1G da1I ar deven! N! e!
membr!UT 5o! am rI'2$n'G JOG de'!H$rG 1ateHor!1T.
&Na 1IG d$2I 1e am neHo1!at $n 2!1G am aM$n' la $rmItoarea 'ol$C!e3 'ov!et!1!! treb$!a$ 'I 'e
Dn'1r!e Dn 1l$b Dn n$mIr '$"!1!ent de mareG Dn1Dt 'I obC!nI o maMor!tate de /2 'a$ /+RG a't"el deC!nDnd
1ontrol$l a'$2ra 1om!tet$l$! de 1ond$1ere al Cl$b$l$!. V!reNte 1IG d$2I 1e 'Fa$ Dn'1r!' Dn 1l$bG
'ov!et!1!! n$ a$ ma! 1edat tra'e$l de 6 HI$r!G 2entr$ eLt!nderea J2ar1$l$! 2o2or$l$!K. =n "el$l a1e'taG
d$2I o r$ndI d!"!1!lI de neHo1!er! 1$ 'ov!et!1!!G Cl$b$l 8!2lomat!1 a rIma' aNa 1$m "$'e'e Dna!nte.
8ar a1e'ta e'te doar $n eLem2l$ de 1Dt de J!m2ortantIK era a1t!v!tatea noa'trI d!2lomat!1I ob!Nn$!tI
Dn Ca2!tala RomEn!e!.
R!+ort!r1 D! -! av!am o r!+r!3!&ta&,= di+lomati-= 7i &u o amasad=? C.&d s4a
tra&sformat l!6a,ia .& amasad=8 7i d! -!?
David E. Mark1 Cred 1I d!n 2r!1!na "a2t$l$! 1IG Dn tot E't$l E$ro2e!G S;& a$ av$t n$ma! '!m2le
re2re-entanCe d!2lomat!1e Dna!nte de rI-bo!.
R!+ort!r1 $di-= !ra vora d! tradi,i!?
David E. Mark1 8aG N! a'ta 'Fa '1.!mbatG 1redG 2e la '"DrN!t$l an!lor X/0G 1Dnd am .otIrDt 1I era
demodat 'I avem m!'!$n! d!2lomat!1eG 1eea 1e "I1ea 1a Ne"$l 0!'!$n!! 'I "!e !n"er!orG 1a ranHG
amba'ador!lor 'trI!n! a1red!taC! Dn Cara re'2e1t!vI. &Na 1I am ren$nCat.
R!+ort!r1 $,i avut mult! -o&ta-t! -u -!l!lalt! amasad! di& %u-ur!7ti?
8
David E. Mark1 8aG am av$t de't$le 1onta1teG Dn '2e1!al 1$ "ran1e-!!G 1are era$ "oarte a1t!v! N!
avea$ o 2er'2e1t!vI ma! am2lI a'$2ra even!mentelor d!n a1ea 2er!oadI. RomEn!a a "o'tG Dna!nte de
1el deFal 66Flea rI-bo! mond!alG o 1olon!e 1$lt$ralI "ran1e-I. &'ta n$ Dn'eamna 1I oraN$l B$1$reNt! a
"o'tG DntrFadevIrG ?ar!'$l E't$l$!G aNa 1$m 'Fa a"!rmatG darG "IrI Dndo!alIG !n"l$enCa VranCe! era m$lt
ma! 2$tern!1I a1olo. =m! am!nte'1 1IG o datIG a treb$!t 'I "a1 2e tran'lator$l DntrFo d!'1$C!e Dntre
amba'ador$l "ran1e- N! 1el 'ov!et!1G deoare1e n!1! $n$l d!ntre e! n$ 1$noNtea l!mba 1el$!laltG !ar e$ le
vorbeam 2e ambele. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte t!r! B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #6@%
$lt! 7tiri
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (IB)
0tt+122www.3iartri-olorul.ro2di+lomati4am!ri-a&i4roma&ia4iv2
$lt! tiri G tiri G to+&!ws F 7 &$H$'t 2014
Emory C. Swank
:e" adM$n1t al 0!'!$n!! d!2lomat!1e d!n
B$1$reNt!
#19/7F1960%
&mba'ador$l Emory C. Swank 'Fa nI'1$t Dn
1922G Dn 0aryland. El a Dn1e2$t 'I a1t!ve-e Dn
1adr$l 8e2artament$l$! de Stat Dn an$l 1946. &
l$1rat Dn C.!naG 6ndone-!aG ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I N! RomEn!a N! a "o't amba'ador Dn CambodH!a.
&mba'ador$l Swank a a1ordat a1e't !nterv!$ Dn 1988.
Emory C. Swank3 =n toamna l$! 19/7G am 2r!m!t $n tele"on de la alla1e St$art 1areG 2e vremea
a1eeaG l$1ra la Serv!1!$l ?er'onal al 8e2artament$l$! de Stat. 0Fa Dntrebat da1I eram 2reHIt!t 'I
2le1 Dn a"arIG 1a Ne" adM$n1t al 0!'!$n!! d!2lomat!1e d!n B$1$reNt!G RomEn!a. #ally "$'e'e o"!Cer de
2$nte 2e nava de tran'2ort m!l!tarI J&dm!ral Ben'onKG 1are neFa d$' 2DnI la S.anH.a!G Dn 1946%.
V!reNte 1I am "o't Dn1Dntat de 2er'2e1t!va $nor re'2on'ab!l!tIC! ma! am2leG 1a a1eea de Ne"FadM$n1t al
$ne! m!'!$n!! d!2lomat!1e. 8arG RomEn!a 'Fa doved!t a "! $n 2o't "IrI 2roblemeG l!2'!t de aH!taC!a N!
de emoC!!le de la 0o'1ova N! a'.!nHton. C$ toate a1e'teaG lFam 1on'!derat !ntere'ant.
&m rel$atG tre2tatG '1.!mb$r!le 1$lt$rale romEnoFamer!1ane. &m Dn1e2$t neHo1er!le 2r!v!nd
dator!a RomEn!e! 1Itre S;& N! a1t!vele RomEn!e! 2e 1are S;& le DnH.eCa'erIG 1Dnd relaC!!le d!ntre
1ele do$I CIr! 'Fa$ rI1!tG d$2I 1el de al 66Flea rI-bo! mond!al.
=n 2er!oada Dn 1are am l$1rat Dn B$1$reNt!G ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I DN! retrI'e'e "orCele de o1$2aC!e d!n
RomEn!a. SDnt 1onv!n' 1I amba'ador$l 'ov!et!1 de at$n1!G &. &. E2!NevG 1areG $lter!orG a "o't
2romovat de 1Itre BreMnev Dn "$n1C!a de Dnalt 1om!'ar 2ol!t!1 al "orCelor armateG a '$Herat a1ea'tI
Jm$tareK a B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1 al 1ond$1er!! ;n!$n!! Sov!et!1e. E2!Nev era Dn relaC!! eL1elente 1$ l!der$l
romEn ).eorH.e ).eorH.!$F8eM N!G 2robab!lG 1I aM$n'e'e la 1on1l$-!a 1I '$2raveH.erea !nternI era
de't$l de re2re'!vI N! 1I a'ta "I1ea 1a 2re-enCa m!l!tarI 'ov!et!1I 'I dev!nI !n$t!lI.
:ederea mea a 2re1edat at!t$d!nea rebelI a RomEn!e! Dn 2ol!t!1a eLternIG dar 1.!ar N! Dn 2er!oada
re'2e1t!vI $n m!n!'tr$ !'rael!an a 1ontr!b$!tG Dn mod a1t!vG la em!Hrarea evre!lorG o a1C!$ne "IrI
2re1edent Dn alte CIr! d!n blo1$l 'ov!et!1. 0odal!tatea noa'trI de tran'm!tere a !n"ormaC!!lor era
reda1tarea $ne! 1om2!laC!! de Nt!r! 2r!v!nd even!mentele 'I2tImDnaleG 1$ d!"$-are larHI la
a'.!nHton. E$ N! 1oleH!! me! aveamG $neor!G 2robleme Dn !dent!"!1area Nt!r!lor relevante. ?entr$
m!neG 2er'onalG m!'!$nea Dn B$1$reNt! a "o't aHreab!lI. Re2re-entanCa era m!1I N! 'e 2$tea$ leHaG
DntrFo oare1are mI'$rIG 2r!eten!!. &Na am deven!t 2r!eten 2e v!aCI 1$ Cl!"ton R. .artonG 2r!m$l
o"!Cer de 1ar!erI de 1$loare 1are a "o't 2romovat Ne" de 0!'!$ne.
9
8$2I RomEn!aG Cl!" a "o't n$m!t amba'ador Dn 5orveH!a. :! e$ N! el ne 2lDnHeam de 1Dt de !n"!me
era$ 1onta1tele noa'tre 1$ 2er'oanele !n"l$ente d!n RomEn!a. 5$ am 2$t$t n!1!odatI 'I obC!nem
!n"ormaC!! 2r!v!nd mod$l Dn 1are "$n1C!ona Com!tet$l$! Central 'a$ 1!r1$m'tanCele 1are lFa$
2ro2$l'at 2e 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$ la ?$tere. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte Nt!r! B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #@%
$lt! 7tiri
U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (B)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alF2al2!tant4
&lte t!r! F 8 &$H$'t 2014
Owen B. Lee "$n1C!onar Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ 2robleme
adm!n!'trat!ve #1960F196+%
Owen B. Lee a ab'olv!t ;n!ver'!tatea (arvard
Dn 1949 N! a 't$d!at Dn VranCaG la 6n't!t$t$l de
St$d!! ?ol!t!1e de la ?ar!'. Ca "$n1C!onar al
8e2artament$l$! de Stat a l$1rat Dn )erman!aG
Bol!v!aG RomEn!a N! S2an!a. &1e't !nterv!$ a
"o't a1ordat Dn 1996.
Re2orter3 C$m vFaC! Dn1e2$t a1t!v!tatea U
Owen B. Lee3 &m 't$d!at l!mba romEnI t!m2 de / l$n!G d$2I 1are am $rmat $n 1$r' de
2er"e1C!onare. =n vara l$! 1960G am 2le1at Dn RomEn!a. 8e "a2tG d!n m$lte 2$n1te de vedereG am M$1at
rol$l de adM$n1t al Ne"$l$! m!'!$n!! d!2lomat!1e.
&$ "o't l$n! "oarte 'ol!1!tante 2entr$ 1IG 2e lDnHI Dndator!r!le 2e 1are le aveam 1a "$n1C!onar
adm!n!'trat!vG mI o1$2am N! de 2a-a re2re-entanCe! d!2lomat!1e. :! I'ta n$ era $n l$1r$ to1ma! $NorG
ma! ale' 1I n$ aveam 2$N1aN! mar!n!G 1eea 1e a 1reat $nele '!t$aC!! d!"!1!le. SI vI da$ 1a eLem2l$ $n
!n1!dent 1$ 1on'e1!nCe 'er!oa'e.
La 19 a2r!l!e 1961G a av$t lo1 !nva-!a d!n )ol"$l ?or1!lorG Dn C$baG a m!l!tanC!lor ant!1a'tr!Nt!G
re"$H!aC! Dn S;&. =n a1eeaN! -!G LeHaC!a d!n B$1$reNt! a "o't '$2$'I $n$! ata1 ter!b!l. Br$'1G !med!at
d$2I 2rDn-G Dn "aCa re2re-entanCe! a$ a2Ir$t o m$lC!me de oamen! 1are 'tr!Ha$. 0I a"lam a1olo
Dm2re$nI 1$ "$n1C!onar$l Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ a"a1er! e1onom!1e N! 1$ Dn1I $na 'a$ do$I 2er'oane.
0$lC!mea a Dn1e2$t 'I ar$n1e 1$ d!ver'e ob!e1teG 1$ a"!Ne 2e 1are '1r!a J*o' 1$ Statele ;n!teT et1.
EraG Dn mod 1larG o demon'traC!e b!ne orHan!-atIG '2on'or!-atI de )$vern. &2o! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I -boare
l$1r$r! 2r!n "ere'treG aNa 1I am de1!' 1I '!nH$r$l l$1r$ 2e 1are Dl 2$team "a1e era 'I ne ne d$1em Dn
-ona de 2r!m!re de la etaM$l 2.
=ntre t!m2G am tele"onat la 0!n!'ter$l de ELterne. =n'Ir1!nat$l 1$ &"a1er! E1onom!1eG 1are Nt!a
b!ne romEneNte N! 1$ m!neG vorbeam 2e rDndG Dn1er1Dnd 'I D! "a1em 2e o"!1!al! 'I DnCeleaHI 1I doream
'I v!nI 2ol!C!a 1a 'I ne 2roteMe-e. 8e "!e1are datI n! 'e rI'2$ndea 1I n$ DnCeleHea$ 1e le '2$nem.
=ntre t!m2G 2e a1o2er!N 1Idea$ 2!etre et1. ?$team 'I a$-!m 1$m "ere'trele de la 2r!m$l etaMG 1are era
8e2artament$l 1on'$larG 'e '2IrHea$ N! am 1re-$t 1I a$ !ntrat Dn 1lId!re. 8arG 'e 2are 1I 'Fa 2r!m!t
$n ord!n 2entr$ 1IG deodatIG m$lC!mea 'Fa o2r!t N! a d!'2Ir$t.
Lo1$l 2Irea '1ena $n$! mI1el. V!e1are "erea'trI era '2artIG era$ 2!etre N! bolovan! 2e'te tot. 8a1I
neFam "! a"lat Dn b!ro$r!le noa'treG '!H$r 1I am "! "o't rIn!C!. 0a! tDr-!$G 1Dnd am !n'2e1tat 1lId!rea N!
mFam d$' Dn 'e1C!a 1on'$larIG 'teaH$l amer!1an d!n b!ro$l 1on'$l$l$! era Dn 2o-!C!a ob!Nn$!tIG aNa 1I
m!Fam dat 'eama 1I man!"e'tanC!! n$ !ntra'erI Dn 1lId!re. VIrI Dndo!alI 1I l! 'e '2$'e'e 'I "a1I or!1eG
dar 'I n$ !ntre Dn LeHaC!e. Va2t$l I'ta Dm! dIdea $n 'ent!ment de '!H$ranCI. ?aH$bele era$
1on'!derab!le N! 1Dnd am !ntrat Dn 2artea 1entralI a 1lId!r!!G am ob'ervat 1I N! a!1! "ere'trele era$
'2arte.
10
RomEn!!G "oarte 1ore1C!G neFa$ '$nat a do$a -! N! neFa$ '2$' 1I 'e vor o1$2a de toate re2araC!!leG
n$ma! 'I le tr!m!tem o notI 1$ tot 1eea 1e treb$!a$ 'I "a1I. &m "I1$t $n !nventarG Dn 1are am !n1l$'
N! "ere'tre mate.
Re2orter3 RomEn!a eraG Dn1IG $n membr$ lo!al al blo1$l$! 'ov!et!1. C!ne 'e a"la la 1ond$1ereG
).eorH!$F8eMU
Owen B. Lee3 8a.
Re2orter3 & v!-!tat (r$N1!ov RomEn!a Dn a1ea'tI 2er!oadIU
Owen B. Lee3 C.!ar Dna!nte de 'o'!rea meaG Dn !$n!e 1960G a ven!t la Dntr$n!rea an$alI a
?art!d$l$! Com$n!'t. Voarte !ntere'ant a "o't "a2t$l 1I N! l!der!! 1.!ne-! a$ 2art!1!2at la a1ea'tI
Dntr$n!reG N! at$n1! 'Fa 2rod$' 2r!m$l !n1!dent re"er!tor la 1om$n!1area d!ntre 1.!ne-! N! r$N!.
RomEn!! a$ "o't 2r!m!! 1are 1are a$ ob'ervat a1e't l$1r$ N! 2r!m!! 1are a$ 2ro"!tat. E"ort$r!le
romEn!lor de aFN! 1DNt!Ha o oare1are !nde2endenCI Dn 2ol!t!1a eLternI a$ Dn1e2$t Dn a1ea 2er!oadI.
RomEn!a a 2ro"!tat de $rmIr!le 1on"l!1t$l$! !n1!2!ent 1.!noFr$' 2entr$ a tre1e la "a2te. 9!m2 de + an!G
1Dt am 'tat Dn RomEn!aG am ob'ervat 1$m 'e '1.!mbI l$1r$r!le. 6atIG de eLem2l$G 1$m 'e '1r!e
1$vDnt$l RomEn!a. R$N!! a$ !m2$' !deea 1IG Dn l!mba romEnIG 1$vDnt$l treb$!a 'I "!e '1r!' 1$ J!T.
RomEn!! a$ dor!t Dntotdea$na 'I 'e Nt!e 1I 'trImoN!! lor a$ "o't roman!!G 1$ JaT. &Na 1I lFa$ !ntrod$'
2e JaTG a$ reden$m!t 1Dteva 2rov!n1!!G d$2I n$mele 2e 1are Dl avea$ Dna!nte de ven!rea la ?$tere a
1om$n!Nt!lor. ;n an ma! tDr-!$G Dn 1961G romEn!! a$ "I1$t 2r!m$l 2a' !nde2endent3 e! n$ a$ 2art!1!2at
la $na d!ntre Ned!nCele C&ER.
Re2orter3 ?robab!l 1I DN! dId$'erI 'eama 1I avea$ Dn mDne1I $n a' 2e 1are 2$tea$ 'IFl Moa1e3
1artea 1.!ne-I. Care era$ relaC!!le noa'tre 1$ &mba'ada Sov!et!1IG da1IG eL!'ta vre$naU
Owen B. Lee3 5$ aveamG 2ra1t!1G n!1! $n "el de 1om$n!1are 1$ &mba'ada Sov!et!1I. =m! ad$1
am!nte 1I mFam d$' a1olo o datIG 1Dnd neFa$ !nv!tat 'I vedem $n "!lm. Era de'2re o 1ale "eratI N!
do$I tren$r! Dn m!N1areG $n$l Dn1er1Dnd 'IFl aM$nHI 2e 1elIlaltG ad!1I ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I Dn1er1DndG
2r!n 1970G 'I aM$nHI d!n $rmI S;& N!G a2o!G 'I le de2INea'1I.
Re2orter3 O do1tr!nI b$nI a l$! (r$N1!ov.
Owen B. Lee3 8a. 8ar n$ aveam n!1! $n "el de relaC!!. =n $lt!m!! 2 an! Dn 1are am l$1rat a1oloG
amba'ador a "o't !ll!am Craw"ord. El 1$noNtea l!mba r$'IG dar 1$ r$'a n$ te de'1$r1a! Dn
RomEn!a. RomEn!! n$ vorbea$ r$'eNteG 1! "ranC$-eNte N!G d!n 2$n1t de vedere 1$lt$ralG era$ or!entaC!
'2re E$ro2a med!teraneanI. 5$ 2ot 'I '2$n 1I &mba'ada R$'I era "oarte a1t!vI.
Re2orter3 ?$tea LeHaC!a amer!1anI 'I d!'1$te 1$ o"!1!al!! romEn!U
Owen B. Lee3 RomEn!! era$ b$n! d!2lomaC!. &vea$ oamen! b!ne 2reHIt!C!. ?er'oanele 1$ 1are am
!ntrat Dn 1onta1t era$ de't$l de amab!le 1$ no!G deN! era$ 1om$n!Nt! 1onv!nN!. &N 2$tea 'I '2$n 1I 1e!
ma! d!"!1!l! era$ 1e! 1are l$1ra$ la 'erv!1!$l de 2roto1ol $ndeG 1el ma! 2robab!lG era$ oamen!!
Se1$r!tIC!!. 8!n 1Dnd Dn 1DndG treb$!a 'I d!'1$t 1$ e! N! Nt!am 1I 2r!m$l l$1r$ 2e 1are $rma$ 'I Dl "a1I
era 'I Dn1er1e 'I mI Dndo1tr!ne-e.
Re2orter3 ?$teaC! 'I 1IlItor!C! 2e'te tot Dn CarIU
Owen B. Lee3 ?$team 'I merHem Dn an$m!te -oneG dar DntrFo varI 'Fa DntDm2lat 1a rad!ator$l de
la maN!na noa'trI 'I a!bI o "!'$rI 2e 1are n$ am de'1o2er!tFo de1Dt 2rea tDr-!$G 1Dnd am "I1$t o
eL1$r'!e la m$nteG $nde re2re-entanCa noa'trI avea o v!lI. &m 2le1at DntrF$n weekFendG N! 1Dnd am
aM$n' la ?lo!eNt!G ren$m!t 1entr$ al !nd$'tr!e! 2etrol!ereG rad!ator$l a Dn1e2$t 'I "!arbI. 5$ aveam de
HDnd 'I !ntrIm Dn ?lo!eNt! N! n!1! romEn!! n$ dorea$ 'I aM$nHem a1olo. 8r$m$l 2e 1are Dl ale'e'erIm
1a 'I aM$nHem la m$nte avea o ram!"!1aC!eG !ar Dn moment$l Dn 1are am aM$n' la a1ea ram!"!1aC!eG m!F
am dat 'eama 1I n$ 2ot 'I merH ma! de2arteG 1I treb$!a 'I ne o2r!m N! 'I "a1 ro't de n!Nte a2I.
E! b!neG n$ am av$t n!1! o 2roblemI 'I aM$nH Dn oraNG deN! a treb$!t 'I mI o2re'1 mere$ N! 'I la'
motor$l 'I 'e rI1ea'1I. CDnd am !ntrat Dn oraNG am Dntrebat 2e 1!neva $nde 2$team 'I re2ar maN!na.
La Dn1e2$t n!men! n$ a 2$t$t 'IFm! '2$nI $nde 'I mI d$1G darG Dn 1ele d!n $rmIG 1!neva m!Fa
eL2l!1at 1$m 'I aM$nH la $n atel!er a$to. Oamen!! 'Fa$ a2$1at de treabI !med!at N! n$ a d$rat de1Dt
11
1Dteva m!n$te 1a 'I de'1o2ere 1I rad!ator$l 1$rHea. 0!Fa$ '2$' 1I treb$!e 'IFl '1oatIG 'IFl '$de-e N!
a2o! 'IFl 2$nI la lo1. LeFam '2$' 'I o "a1IG n$ a d$rat ma! m$lt de 1 orI. =ntre t!m2G 'oC!aG e$ N!
1o2!!! 'tIteam N! vorbeam 1$ $n!! d!ntre 1e! 1are l$1ra$ N! a "o't "oarte 2lI1$t. =na!nte 1a 'I term!ne
1e avea$ de "I1$tG m!Fa tre1$t 2r!n m!nte 1I atel!er$l n$ era o 'taC!e de ben-!nI ob!Nn$!tI.
0Fam HDnd!t 1IG 2robab!lG ne a"lam Dn 'taC!a de ben-!nI a ?ol!C!e! N! 1I 1e! 1are avea$ Hr!MI de
maN!na mea era$ oamen!! Se1$r!tIC!!. &'ta mFa "I1$t 'I -Dmbe'1 Dn HDndG 2entr$ 1IG Dn 1e mI 2r!veaG
n$ avea !m2ortanCI 1!ne 'e o1$2a de maN!nI. :! n$ mFa 1o'tat n!m!1. ?oate 1I leFam dat n!Nte C!HIr!G
n$Fm! am!nte'1. ?Irea$ "oarte 2r!etenoN!G n$ man!"e'ta$ n!1! $n $n "el de o't!l!tate "aCI de &mer!1a.
9reb$!e 'I '2$n 1I at$n1! 1Dnd ne re"er!m la a1e't l$1r$G 1Dnd vorb!m de'2re RomEn!a 1om$n!'tIG
treb$!e 'I 2re-entIm l$1r$r!le aNa 1$m a$ "o't. La a1ea vremeG amer!1an!! era$ "oarte a2re1!aC! Dn
RomEn!aG n$ a eL!'tat n!1! $n "el de at!t$d!ne ant!FS;& 1Dnd !eNeam Dn a"ara Ca2!tale!. SI vI da$ $n
eLem2l$. &m "I1$t o eL1$r'!e Dm2re$nI 1$ 'oC!a mea la BelHrad. La Dntoar1ereG am tre1$t 2r!n
BanatG Dn a2ro2!ere de Hran!Ca 1$ 6$Ho'lav!a.
5$Fm! am!nte'1 1are era n$mele oraN$l$!G dar a treb$!t 'I o2re'1 1a 'I Dntreb 2e 1!neva 2e $nde
'I o !a$. 0aN!na avea 2lI1$Ce d!2lomat!1e de Dnmatr!1$lare N! toatI l$mea d!n oraN a a"lat 1I maN!na
era d!n B$1$reNt! N! a ven!t 'I ne Dntrebe de $nde 'Dntem. J8!n &mer!1aTG am rI'2$n'. & "o't 1a N!
1$m aN "! '2$' JSe'amG de'1.!deFtePTG toatI l$mea a ven!t la no!. ?ar1I eram *o.n V!t-Herald
,ennedyG Dn v!-!tIG n$ 2$team "! ma! 2o2$lar!G de1Dt atDt. ;n 2ol!C!'t 'tItea 1eva ma! de2arte darG la
$n moment datG a d!'2Ir$t N! elG dDnd$FN! 'eama 1I lo1$l l$! n$ era a1olo. Oamen!! era$ de't!nN!G n$
le era teamI 'I d!'1$te 1$ m!neG '2$nea$ tot 1e le tre1ea 2r!n m!nte. S2$nea$ de'2re S;& 1I e'te o
CarI mareG $n!! avea$ r$de Dn Cleveland et1.
5$ am $!tat n!1!odatI a1ea'tI eL2er!enCI. 9ot 1eea 1e treb$!a 'I "a1em era 'I !eN!m d!n Ca2!tala
CIr!!G 1a 'I DnCeleHem 1Dt de 2o2$lar! era$ amer!1an!!. ?robab!l 1I toate a'tea a$ leHIt$rI 1$ 1eea 1e
"I1$'erI amer!1an!! 1$ m$lt t!m2 Dna!nte N! e'te 1ea ma! b$nI dovadI a 1eea 1e e$ n$me'1 !n"l$enCa
2ol!t!1I 2e 1are am re$N!t 'I o avem. C.!ar Dna!nte de a 2le1a Dn RomEn!aG Dn 1960G am Dn1.e!at $n
a1ord "!nan1!ar 1$ B$1$reNt!! 2r!n 1are toate dator!!le de rI-bo! "$'e'erI 2lIt!te. RomEn!! 'Fa$ HDnd!t
1I vor "a1e ro't de 1eva dolar!G da1I S;& vor rel$a 2lata 2en'!!lor 2entr$ romEn!! N! amer!1an!! 1are
trI!a$ Dn RomEn!a N! 1are avea$ dre2t$l 'I le 2r!mea'1I. S;& a$ reDn1e2$t 'I a1orde a1e'te dre2t$r!
Dn 1960 N! 'Fa de1!' 1a '$mele 'I "!e 2lIt!te 2r!n 'e1C!a 1on'$larI a LeHaC!e!.
8e a'emeneaG neFam a'!H$rat 1a 2er'oanele 1are avea$ a1e't dre2t 'I 2r!mea'1I toC! ban!!. =n 1ele
d!n $rmIG )$vern$l RomEn!e! a 2r!m!t dolar!!G !ar no! am obC!n$t o oare1are !n"l$enCI 2ol!t!1IG !ar
a1e't "a2t a av$t $n e"e1t 1ovDrN!tor. @Fam '2$'G ad!nea$r!G 1e 2r!m!re "r$moa'I am av$t Dn a1el m!1
orINel.
Re2orter3 Ca N! 2e'te tot Dn E$ro2a de E't.
Owen B. Lee3 8aG 2e'te tot Dn E$ro2a de E't atmo'"era era 1am a1eeaN!. 8ar 1eea 1e a 1ontat era
"a2t$l 1I 2ro2aHanda 1om$n!'tI n$ a 2$t$t 'I d!m!n$e-e re2$taC!a Statelor ;n!te 1a CarI 1are DN!
re'2e1ta 2rom!'!$n!le N! anHaMamentele.
Re2orter3 CDt t!m2 aC! l$1rat Dn RomEn!aG aC! 2$t$t ant!1!2a a'1en'!$nea l$! Cea$Ne'1$U
Owen B. Lee3 Cea$Ne'1$ era b!ne 1$no'1$t 1a $n$l d!ntre membr!! Com!tet$l$! Central. CDnd mF
am Dntor' Dn &mer!1aG a treb$!t 'I "a1em o eval$are re"er!toare la no$l 1ond$1Itor al RomEn!e!. E$ lF
am ale' 2e 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$. ;n!! lFa$ ale' 2e 2r!m$lFm!n!'tr$ ).eorH.e 0a$rerG 1areG "IrI
Dndo!alIG 'e b$1$ra de o ma! mare a2re1!ere Dn @e't. Era o 2er'oanI m$lt ma! ra"!natI N! Nt!a 1$m 'I
'e 1om2orte 1$ 1e! d!n O11!dent. 8arG 2entr$ m!neG a'ta n$ 1onta 2rea m$lt. Cea$Ne'1$ a deC!n$t
toatI 2$terea Dn 2art!d.
Re2orter3 Ce alte l$1r$r! ne 2$teC! '2$ne de'2re Nederea dv'. Dn RomEn!aU Owen B. Lee3 O 'I vI
'2$n o altI 2ove'te. =n 2er!oada Dn 1are eram re2re-entant$l &HenC!e! de 6n"ormaC!! a Statelor ;n!teG
am Dn1er1at 'I 2Itr$ndem Dn v!aCa 1$lt$ralI a RomEn!e!. &m re$N!t 'I !nv!tIm do! b!ne1$no'1$C!
amer!1an!G a1tor!! *a1k Lemmon N! S.!rley 0a1La!ne. E! a$ "I1$t o v!-!tI de do$I 'I2tImDn! Dn
B$1$reNt!G Dn an$l 1962. &m av$t onoarea de aF! DnvICa 1Dteva eL2re'!! Dn l!mba romEnI N! de aF!
2l!mba 2r!n CarI. Era$ 2 oamen! eLtraord!nar!. La Dn1e2$tG a$ 'tat Dn B$1$reNt! 1Dteva -!leG dar d$2I
12
a1eea am v!-!tat oraNe 2re1$m 6aN!G Cl$MG 9!m!Noara N! BraNov. &d$'e'em N! $n "!lm 1$ no!. 8!n
2I1ateG n$ era $n "!lm Dn 1are M$1a$ 1e! do!. Se n$mea JBItrDn$l N! mareaTG 1$ S2en1er 9ra1yG era $n
"!lm b$nG !ar romEn!! lFa$ a2re1!at "oarte m$lt. =na!ntea "!e1Ire! re2re-entaC!!G *a1k Lemmon N!
S.!rley 0a1La!ne !nter2reta$ $n m!1! '1.e1! Dn l!mba romEnI. 8ar 1$m a$ re$N!t 'I "a1I a1e't
l$1r$U E! b!neG la '1$rt t!m2 d$2I 'o'!rea lor Dn B$1$reNt!G neFam DntDln!t toC! + 1$ $n 1$2l$ de
romEn! vorb!tor! de l!mbI enHle-I N!G Dm2re$nIG am ale' d!ver'e eL2re'!! 2e 1are $rma$ 'I le
"olo'ea'1I Dn 2re-entare.
E! leFa$ DnvICat ra2!d N! re-$ltat$l a "o't eL1elent. &$ av$t $n '$11e' !men'. 8e a'emeneaG N!
"!lm$l a "o't 2r!m!t b!ne N! a$ av$t lo1 m$lte re1e2C!!. 8arG o 'I vI '2$n 1eea 1e Dm! am!nte'1 1el ma!
b!neG re"er!tor la a1e't e2!'od. =m! am!nte'1 1I a$tor!tIC!le romEne ne '2$'e'erI 1I n$ 2$tem 'I
-b$rIm 1$ av!on$l de la Cl$M la 9!m!Noara N! 1I va d$ra 2rea m$lt 'I merHem 1$ maN!naG aNa 1I
treb$!a 'I l$Im tren$l. 5e '2$'e'erI 1I ne vor a2rov!-!ona 1$ mDn1are. 5eFam '$!t Dn tren. =n
1om2art!ment$l re-ervat no$I 'e a"la $n 1oN 2l!n 1$ 't!1le de v!nG o 1ant!tate a2re1!ab!lI de 'alam de
S!b!$ N! de 2D!ne. CIlItor!a a d$rat o -! DntreaHI. 5$ d$2I m$lt t!m2G *a1k Lemmon 'Fa r!d!1atG 'Fa
d$' Dn 1om2art!ment$l alIt$rat N! a Dn1e2$t 'I le vorbea'1I romEn!lor. &2o!G 'Fa Dntor' Dn
1om2art!ment 1$ $n$l d!ntre 1IlItor! N! lFam 'erv!t 1$ v!n. 5o! am dat v!n$lG 'andv!1!$r! N! am vorb!t
1$ toatI l$mea. La '"DrN!tG l$! S.!rley 0a1La!ne !Fa ven!t !deea 'I 1DntIm. 5o! 1redeam 1I Nt!m o
m$lC!me de 1Dnte1e amer!1aneG darG 'e 2are 1IG Dn 1om2araC!e 1$ 1e! 2 romEn! d!n 1om2art!ment$l
ve1!nG n$ Nt!am ma! n!m!1G e! 1Dnta$ 2er"e1t a1ele 1Dnte1eG 2e 1are no! le Nt!am a2roL!mat!vP
9oC! 1Dntam N! am 2etre1$t m!n$nat. 8ar a'ta a "o't dovada 1I tovarIN!! noNtr! de dr$m l$1ra$ la
Se1$r!tate N! 1I $rma'erI $n 1$r' !nten'!v de l!mba enHle-I. CDnd am aM$n' la 9!m!NoaraG m!n!'tr$l
ne aNte2ta. 5$ Nt!$ 1e !m2re'!e am "I1$t 1Dnd neFam dat Mo' d!n trenG 2entr$ 1I term!na'erIm toate
't!1lele de v!n N! toatI mDn1area N! ne d!'tra'erIm de m!n$ne toatI -!$a. &m av$t N! o altI eL2er!enCI
Dn a1ea'tI CarI 1are ar 2$tea "! 1on'!deratI dre2t o J"a2tI b$nITG dar 1areG de a'emeneaG aratI 1e
Dn'emna 'I trI!eNt!G Dn 1962G DntrFo CarI 1om$n!'tI. 8!ntre toate oraNele d!n '2atele Cort!ne! de V!erG
oraN$l B$1$reNt! era $n!1 Dn m$lte 2r!v!nCe. 8e eLem2l$G la Cl$b$l 8!2lomaC!lor eL!'ta $n teren de
Hol" b!ne DntreC!n$tG 1$ $n tra'e$ 1$ 9 HI$r!G re-ervat eL1l$'!v d!2lomaC!lor 'trI!n!. Se a"la Dn
a2ro2!erea La1$l$! (erI'trI$G Dn 2artea de nord a Ca2!tale!. 8e a'emeneaG eL!'ta$ teren$r! de ten!'
N! '2aC!! va'teG $nde 'e 2$tea$ M$1a N! d!'tra 1o2!!!. 5e d$1eam a1olo 2entr$ a re'2!ra aer 2roa'2It N!G
2entr$ 1I n$ 2ra1t!1am Hol"$lG 2entr$ a ne 2l!mba.
=ntrFo d$m!n!1I de !arnIG m!Fam l$at "!!1a N! 2e $na d!ntre 2r!etenele e!G ambele Dn vDr'tI de / an!G
la Cl$b 1a 'I ne 2l!mbIm 2e teren$l de Hol". 5$ era 2rea m$ltI -I2adI 2e terenG dar era "r!H N! la1$l
era a1o2er!t de H.eaCI. CDnd am aM$n' Dn lo1$l Dn 1are teren$l aM$nHea la marH!nea la1$l$!G am
ob'ervat 2 bI!eC! 1are tre1ea$ la1$lG Dndre2tDnd$F'e '2re no!. Soarele 'e a"la Dn '2atele lorG !ar e!
merHea$ Dn'2re nordG 2IrDnd 'I n$ C!nI 'eama de 1Dt de Hroa'I era H.eaCa. 0Fa 'trI"$lHerat HDnd$l 1I
bI!eC!!G 1are venea$ d!n 2artea de '$d a la1$l$!G $nde H.eaCa era ma! Hroa'IG n$ Nt!a$ 1I H.eaCa era
ma! '$bC!re 2e mal$l o2$'G 1are era ma! Dn'or!t. 6Fam $rmIr!t 1$m merHea$ 2e H.eaCa la1$l$! N! am
Dn1er1at 'IF! avert!-e-G "I1Dnd 'emne 1$ mDna N! 'tr!HDnd 1a 'IF! "a1 atenC! la 2o'!b!l$l 2er!1ol. 5$ mF
a$ l$at Dn 'eamI. &M$n'e'erI 1am la 7 metr! de malG 1Dnd H.eaCa 'Fa r$2t N! a$ 1I-$t Dn a2I. Era$
DnHro-!C!. LeFam '2$' "etelorG 1$ 1ea ma! mare 'er!o-!tate N! Dn1redere 1I DnCeleHea$ 1eea 1e le
'2$neamG 1I treb$!e 'I 'e Dntoar1I !med!at la Cl$b N! 'I 1earI aM$tor.
8$2I 1e a$ 2le1atG mFam Dntor' la bI!eC!G '2$nDnd$Fle 'I n$ 'e m!Nte #de teamI 1I ar "! 2$t$t
aM$nHe DntrFo -onI Dn 1are a2a era ma! m!1I 'a$ era o Hroa2I% N! 'IFN! C!nI mD!n!le 2e H.eaCa 1e D!
Dn1onM$ra. Era$ $-! leoar1IG trem$ra$ de "r!H N! 'e temea$ de 1eea 1e l! 'Far "! 2$t$t DntDm2la. ?entr$
aF! l!n!Nt!G leFam '2$' 1I aM$toarele era$ 2e dr$m N! 1IG Dn 1$rDndG 'e vor a"la Dn '!H$ranCI. =ntrFadevIrG
a$ 'o'!t d$2I 1Dteva m!n$te. Cele do$I "ete DN! "I1$'erI b!ne treaba. C!n1! 'a$ 6 oamen! d!n
2er'onal$l Cl$b$l$! a$ a2Ir$tG 1$ '$"let$l la H$rIG ad$1Dnd eLa1t 1eea 1e aveam nevo!e3 "rDnH.!!G
'1Ir!G 1!-meG et1. &$ !ntrat Dn a2I. &$ ar$n1at "rDnH.!!le 1elor 2G 1are leFa$ a2$1at Dn HrabI N! aNa a$
"o't traN!G Dn1etG Dn1et a"arI d!n 1o21!le 2e 1are le "I1$'erI 1Dnd a$ 1I-$t Dn a2I. CDnd a$ aM$n' la 1
metr$ de malG bIrbaC!! a$ '2art H.eaCa '$bC!reG !Fa$ '1o' d!n a2I N! !Fa$ '1o' 2e mal. &$ ar$n1at n!Nte
2It$r! 2e bI!eC!! 1are trem$ra$ DnHro-!tor de "r!H. 6Fam d$' la Cl$bG !Fam de-brI1at de .a!nele $de N!
!Fam aNe-atG 1$ 2It$r!le 2e e!G Dn "aCa "o1$l$!.
1+
5$ d$2I m$lt t!m2G N!Fa$ reven!t N! a$ DmbrI1at n!Nte .a!ne 2e 1are le ad$'e'e 1!neva. 0!Fam dat
'eama 1I tot$l "$'e'e re-olvat 'at!'"I1Itor de 1Itre romEn! N! 1I n$ ma! era nevo!e n!1! de m!neG n!1!
de 1ele do$I "ete. Eram mDndr$ de "!!1a mea #C.arlotte% N! de 2r!etena e! #&my%. =n 'eara a1eeaG am
2r!m!t '!nH$r$l tele"on de la $n romEnG Dn 1e! + an! 1Dt am l$1rat Dn RomEn!a. 9atIl $n$!a d!ntre
bI!eC! mFa '$nat 'IFm! m$lC$mea'1I 2entr$ 1eea 1e e$ N! "etele "I1$'erIm 2entr$ 1a bI!eC!! 'I "!e Dn
'!H$ranCI. Conver'aC!a a "o't '1$rtIG dar me'aM$l a "o't 1lar. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #@6%
to2new'
U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (BI)
0tt+122www.3iartri-olorul.ro2u&4s!rial4+al+ita&t4di+lomati4am!ri-a&i4roma&ia4vi2
to+&!ws F 11 &$H$'t 2014
William Crawford amasador al SU$ la
%u-ur!7ti8 9:C949:C<
&mba'ador$l Craw"ord 'Fa nI'1$t la 5ew SorkG
a $rmat ColeH!$l (aver"ordG de la ?.!ladel2.!aG
N! $n!ver'!tIC! d!n S2an!a N! VranCa. & !ntrat Dn
Serv!1!$l ELtern Dn 1941 N! a "o't tr!m!' la
(avana. & 2le1atG a2o!G la 0o'1ovaG ?ar!' N!
?raHaG Dna!nte de a "! !n'talat 1a Ne" de LeHaC!e
N!G a2o!G amba'adorG la B$1$reNt!. & "o't $n eL2ert al a'.!nHton$l$! Dn ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I N! CIr!le
e't!1e. ?re-entImG Dn 1ont!n$areG do$I !nterv!$r! 1$ amba'ador$l Craw"ordG d!n 1971 N! 1989.
?r!m$lG 1el d!n 1971.
R!+ort!r1 C! -ursuri +r!6=titoar! a,i urmat .&ai&t! d! +l!-ar!a la %u-ur!7ti?
William Crawford3 E m$lt '2$' 1$r'$r!. &m 1!t!t tot 1e m!Fa 1I-$t Dn mDnIG 1onHre'e N! 2lenare
ale ?art!d$l$! Com$n!'t RomEnG $lt!mele era$ "oarte !ntere'ante. 0ater!alele le 2r!meam de la
8e2artament$l de StatG n$ era$ 2rea m$lte. &m av$t la d!'2o-!C!e do$I l$n! Dna!nte de 2le1areG leFam
2etre1$t ma! m$lt la 6n't!t$t$l 2entr$ Serv!1!$l ELternG la 1$r'$r!le de l!mbI romEnIG $nde am ma!
l$at 1eva 1on'$ltaC!!.
R!+ort!r1 C.&d a,i fost &omi&ali3at +!&tru +ost?
William Crawford3 La '"DrN!t$l l$! no!embr!e 1961G la 19 de1embr!e am de2$' M$rImDnt$lG !ar a
do$a -! lFam DntDln!t 2e 2reNed!nte. #*o.n V. ,ennedy O n.red.%
R!+ort!r1 B= ami&ti,i a-!a .&t.l&ir!?
William Crawford1 & av$t lo1 Dn Salon$l Oval N! a d$rat vreo 1/ m!n$te. &m "o't n$ma! no! do!
N! o m$lC!me de "otoHra"!G dar e$G 2er'onalG nFam 2r!m!t $lter!or n!1! o 2o-IQ
R!+ort!r1 Poat! 6=s!s-u !u u&a8 s= vi4o dau.
William Crawford1 0$lC$me'1G aN "! Dn1Dntat. 8e1!G 'I rev!n. &m '1.!mbat n!Nte '$ven!r$r!G !ar
a2o! 2reNed!ntele m!Fa 2$' DntrebIr! de'2re RomEn!a. 0!Fam!nte'1 1I a "o't de't$l de '$r2r!n' 1Dnd !F
am '2$' 1I romEn!! 'Dnt lat!n! N! 1I romEna e'te o l!mbI lat!nI. :! ma! m!Fa '2$' 1I N! elG tDnIr "!!ndG
a "o't Dn RomEn!aG Dn vara l$! 19+9G 2e vremea 1Dnd tatIl 'I$ a "o't amba'ador$l &mer!1!! la Londra.
& 2etre1$t a1olo vreo do$IFtre! -!le N! N!Fa am!nt!tG ent$-!a'matG 1e "eme! "r$moa'e era$ romEn1ele.
Cam a'ta de'2re DntDln!rea 1$ 2reNed!nteleG a "o't o 2er'oanI "oarte 2lI1$tI N! aHreab!lI N! am "o't
b$1$ro' 'I am o1a-!a 'IFl DntDlne'1.
R!+ort!r1 $m au3it mult! d!s+r! im+orta&,a a-!stor .&t.l&iri +!rso&al! al! amasadorilor
-u +r!7!di&t!l!.
14
William Crawford1 &NaF!G "IrI Dndo!alI 'DntG DntrFadevIrG "oarte !m2ortanteG ma! ale' 2entr$
amba'ador. ?oC! 'I '2$!G $lter!orG JdaG 1Dnd lFam DntDln!tG 2reNed!ntele m!Fa -!'QKG 1eea 1e DC!
1on'ol!dea-I 2o-!C!a 1Dnd a! deFa "a1e 1$ l!der! 'trI!n! et1. N!G de a'emeneaG 1Dnd Dl ve-! 2e 2reNed!nte
d!n no$G 1eea 1e m!e m! 'Fa DntDm2latG Dn1e2eC! 'I vI DnCeleHeC! ma! b!neG !ar d!n a'ta 2ot !eN! l$1r$r!
!m2ortante. S$b a1e't a'2e1tG ,ennedy a "o't "oarte d!"er!t de *o.n'onG 1are a 2etre1$t 2rea 2$C!n
t!m2 1$ amba'ador!! 'I!.
R!+ort!r1 B4a dat +r!7!di&t!l! -!va i&stru-,iu&i?
William Crawford1 5$G n!m!1 '2e1!alG m!Fa '2$' doar 'I C!nem 'teaH$l '$'G 'I ne "er!m de
2roblemeG 'I C!nem l$1r$r!le '$b 1ontrol N! 1am atDt.
R!+ort!r1 Cum a,i fost +rimit la %u-ur!7ti?
William Crawford1 &m "o't 2r!m!t "oarte b!ne. &m 2$t$t 'I mI DntDlne'1 1$ m$lC! demn!tar! la
n!vel DnaltG 1$ membr! a! H$vern$l$!G 1$ @6?F$r! m!n!'ter!aleG 'IF! '$n la tele"on. 0a! tDr-!$G am
DnCele' 1I aNa 1eva n$ a "o't 2o'!b!l Dn an!! anter!or!. :! m!Fa "o't de mare aM$tor "a2t$l 1I vorbeam
"ran1e-aG 1are e'te a do$a l!mbI Dn RomEn!a N!G 1$ toate 1I 1e! 1$ 1are am 'tat de vorbI era$
1om$n!Nt!G m$lC! d!ntre e! a$ 2etre1$t an! DntreH! Dna!nte de rI-bo!G N! 1.!ar Dn t!m2$l rI-bo!$l$!G Dn
VranCaG $n!! 1.!ar 'Fa$ Dntor' a1a'I 1$ neve'te "ranC$-oa!1e.
Or!1$mG vorbea$ "ran1e-a "oarte b!ne. CDnd a$ vI-$t 1I N! e$ vorbeam "ran1e-a "oarte b!neG am
Dn1e2$t 'I ne DntDln!m "IrI trad$1Itor. =ntrFo CarI 1om$n!'tI a'ta e'te de mare "olo'G 2entr$ 1I toC! am
2r!n' 1$raM 'I vorb!m ma! l!berG a "o't ma! b!nI 1I 2ol!C!a n$ era Dn 2reaMma noa'trI 1.!ar tot t!m2$l.
&Na 1I DntDln!r!le a$ deven!t ma! e"!1!enteG ma! relaLateG am a"lat m$lt ma! m$lte l$1r$r! de'2re
oamen!! 1$ 1are $rma 'I am deFa "a1e.
R!+ort!r1 Ci&! !ra 7!ful +artidului?
William Crawford1 ).eorH.!$F8eMG era N! 'e1retar HeneralG N! Ne"$l 'tat$l$!. Cel 1are !Fa $rmat a
"o't 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$.
R!+ort!r1 Cum a fost a&ul urm=tor8 9:C28 .& Rom/&ia?
William Crawford1 =n 1962 a$ "o't 1Dteva evol$C!! !m2ortanteG oala Dn1e2$'e 'I "!arbIG dar
adevIratele Jme1!$r!K 1$ 0o'1ova n$ 'Fa$ DntDm2lat 2DnI Dn 196+ N! 1964. Ca 'I 2r!1e2eC! 1e a "o't
at$n1!G treb$!e 'I mI Dntor1 2$C!n la an!! X/0G Dntr$1Dt an!! X60 a$ "o't "oarte d!"er!C! "aCI de de1en!$l
anter!orG $n de1en!$ al Jmarel$! DnH.eCKG 1a 'I '2$n aNa. 9ot$N!G a$ eL!'tat tre! evol$C!! maMore Dn
an!!X/0G 1$ $n !m2a1t maMor a'$2ra $rmItor!lor 10 an!.
?e la 19/0G 8eM era deMa l!der$l 2art!d$l$!G dar 1e! d!n 2reaMma 'a !med!atI era$ oamen! a!
0o'1ove!G 1a 9eo.ar! )eorHe'1$G @a'!le L$1a N! &na ?a$ker. &1eNt!a era$ kom!ntern!Nt!G oamen!!
d$r! deFa! l$! Stal!nG 1areFN! 2etre1$'erI an!! rI-bo!$l$! la 0o'1ova N! 'e Dntor'e'erI Dn RomEn!a 1$
armata 'ov!et!1IG Dn X44FX4/. C$ toate a1e'teaG 1am 2r!n 19/2G 1.!ar Dna!nte de moartea l$! Stal!nG
a1e't Hr$2 a "o't el!m!nat de 1Itre 8eM N! 1e! d!n 2reaMma 'aG 1are D! era$ 2r!eten! N! 2artener!
a2ro2!aC! N! 1$ 1are 'tIt$'e m$lC! an! Dn 2$N1Ir!e. &na ?a$ker N! 1!ra1!! 'I! a$ 2r!m!t are't la
dom!1!l!$G !ar ea a m$r!t d$2I 1DC!va an!. :! a't"elG no$a 1ond$1ere a "o't "ormatI d!ntrF$n alt "el de
oamen!G 1$ o or!entare naC!onal!'tI v!H$roa'IG 1areG 2ra1t!1G n$ trI!'erI delo1 la 0o'1ova.
R!+ort!r1 Dar u&d!8 la Paris?
!ll!am Craw"ord3 ;n!! d!ntre e!G dar n$ma! 1e! d!n eNalon$l do!. Ce! 9 de la 1el ma! Dnalt n!velG
d!n B!ro$l ?ol!t!1G a$ "o't a2roa2e toC! "oNt! l!der! '!nd!1al! N! "I1$'erI 2$N1Ir!e Dm2re$nI 1$ 8eM de
2r!n 19++G 2DnI Dn 1944. &1eNt!a n$ a$ av$t Nan'a 'I mearHI la 0o'1ova 'a$ Dn alte 2IrC!G e! 'Dnt 1e!
1are a$ 2rel$at 1ond$1erea l$1r$r!lor. &Na 1IG Dn 19/2G 'Fa$ 2rod$' el!m!narea 1om$n!Nt!lor ven!C! de
la 0o'1ova N! 2rel$area 1ond$1er!! 2art!d$l$! de 1Itre 8eM N! 1om$n!Nt!! lo1al!G 2r!eten! a! 'I!G !ar
1.e't!$nea a1ea'ta a Dn'emnat o mare '1.!mbare la "aCI.
& $rmat a2o!G Dn 19/6G .otIrDrea 'ov!et!1!lor de a Dn1.!de Sovrom$r!leG ad!1I n!Nte 'o1!etIC! m!Lte
'ov!etoFromEne HDnd!te 1a !n'tr$menteG 2r!n 1are 'ov!et!1!! dom!na$ "!e1are "a-I a a1t!v!tIC!!
e1onom!1e N! 2r!n 1areG b!neDnCele'G eLer1!ta$ $n 1ontrol "oarte 'trDn'. :!G Dn '"DrN!tG Dn 19/8 'Fa
1/
2rod$' retraHerea tr$2elor 'ov!et!1e d!n RomEn!aG 2robab!l o re1om2en'I 2entr$ b$na 2$rtare a
romEn!lor Dn t!m2$l revol$C!e! d!n ;nHar!aG d!n o1tombr!e 19/6. &Na 1IG o datI 1$ 2rel$area 2$ter!!
de 1Itre 1om$n!Nt!! lo1al!G $rmatI de DnlIt$rarea 1ontrol$l$! 'ov!et!1 a'$2ra a1t!v!tIC!! e1onom!1e N!
de retraHerea tr$2elor 'ov!et!1e 1Itre '"DrN!t$l a1el$! de1en!$G teren$l a "o't 2reHIt!t 2entr$ 1a
romEn!! 'I 'e 2oatI m!N1a Dn d!re1C!! no!G da1I ar "! dor!t 'I 2ro"!te N! 'Fo "a1I.
0a! m$ltG Dn 19/9G romEn!! a$ l$at o .otIrDre "oarte !m2ortantI3 a$ ado2tat $n 2lan 2e 6 an!G de
tran'"ormare a e1onom!e! CIr!! d!ntrF$na 2re2onderent aHr!1olIG DntrFo e1onom!e !nd$'tr!alFaHrarIG
e1.!l!bratIG 1$ o !nd$'tr!e modernI N! d!ver'!"!1atI. 6ar 1Dnd e$ eram deMa a1oloG Dn 1962G a1e't 2lan
l$a'e deMa v!te-I N! "$n1C!onaG DntrFadevIrG "oarte b!ne. =n "a2tG e1onom!a RomEn!e! DnreH!'traG 2e
at$n1!G $na d!ntre 1ele ma! Dnalte rate de 1reNtere d!n E$ro2a. 6nd$'tr!al!-area Dna!nta ra2!dG Dn
2r!m$l rDnd dator!tI a'!'tenCe! o11!dentaleG Dn M$r$l me$ eL!'ta$ deMa vreo 400 de !nH!ner! N!
te.n!1!en! d!n @e't$l E$ro2e! 1are !n'tala$ tot "el$l de $-!ne !nd$'tr!ale.
#@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #@66%
to2new'
U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (BII)
to2new' F 12 &$H$'t 2014
William Crawford (2) amasador al SU$ la
%u-ur!7ti8 9:C949:C<
R!+ort!r1 Im+ortau di& B!st u3i&! .&tr!6i8
&u4i a7a?
William Crawford1 &Na e'te. :! a'tea
!n1l$dea$ 1om2leLe 2etro1.!m!1eG "abr!1! de
1a$1!$1$r! a$toG 'taC!! .!droele1tr!1eG "abr!1! de
.Drt!e N! 1.!ar oCelIr!!.
R!+ort!r1 B= r!f!ri,i8 +roail8 la #ala,i8 la u3i&!l! d! ma7i&i 7i d! ma7i&i4u&!lt!
+r!lu-r=toar!8 -!va mai t.r3iu a a+=rut &oul -omi&at sid!rur6i-8 -ar! urma s= dul!3!
+rodu-,ia ,=riiD
William Crawford1 8aG de'2re )alaC! e'te vorba. Or!1$mG a "o't $n 2a' mare Dna!nteG Dn d!re1C!!
no!G 2entr$ 1rearea $ne! ba-e !nd$'tr!ale moderneG 1a2ab!le 'I tran'"orme Cara. RomEn!! a$ "o'tG Dn
a1e! an!G anHaMaC! teme!n!1 DntrF$n 2roHram de 1reNtereG de 2F+ an!G $n$l 2l!n de '$11e'eG a1ea'tI
tran'"ormare e1onom!1I a "o't 1el ma! !m2ortant l$1r$ 1are 'Far "! 2$t$t DntDm2laG N! 1are a a'!H$rat
alte evol$C!! maMoreG d$2I 1962.
R!+ort!r1 Da. A& a-!a +!rioad=8 a,i avut s!m&al! d! la rom/&i -= ar dori -a 7i am!ri-a&ii s=
s! im+li-! .& toat! ast!a?
William Crawford1 8aG am av$t. 5o$l m!n!'tr$ romEn la a'.!nHtonG ?etre BIlI1ean$G neFa
abordat Dn a1e't 'en' 2r!n mart!e 1962. 8$2I 1e lFa '$nat 2e 'e1retar$l (odHe' #'e1retar$l de Stat al
S;&G L$t.er (. (odHe'G n. red.%G 2entr$ a 'e 2re-entaG ! 'Fa 2ro2$' 'I mearHI N! 'I 'e vadI 1$ *a1k
BermanG la 0!n!'ter$l ComerC$l$!G adM$n1t$l l$! (odHe'G N! 'IF! '2$nI 1e an$me ar "! RomEn!a
!ntere'atI 'I 1$m2ere de la no!. :! a't"elG BIlI1ean$ !Fa dat l$! Berman o l!'tI 1$ vreo 10 $-!neG Dn
valoare de 200 m!l!oane de dolar!G 2entr$ 1are romEn!! dorea$ 'I l! 'e a$tor!-e-e l!1enCe de eL2ort.
R!+ort!r1 $ fost8 -umva8 u3i&a d! -au-iu- si&t!ti- +! a-!a list=?
!ll!am Craw"ord3 Core1t. Cele do$I $-!ne de 1a$1!$1 '!ntet!1G $na de 2ol!b$taden N! 1ealaltI de
2ol!-o2ren a$ "o't 2e a1ea l!'tI. &Na 1I o"erta a "o't 2re-entatI Dn mart!e 1962 la 0!n!'ter$l
ComerC$l$!G !arG Dn ma!G a1e'ta a rI'2$n' Jne 2are rI$G n$ vI 2$tem a1orda l!1enCe de eL2ort la 9 d!n
16
1ele 10 $-!ne 2e 1are dor!C! 'I le 1$m2IraC!G !ar la a 10Fa avem nevo!e de !n"ormaC!! '$2l!mentareG
Dna!nte 'I .otIrDm et1K.
&Na 1I romEn!! n$ a$ mer' ma! de2arteG !ar 1Dnd lFam vI-$t 2e BIlI1ean$G Dn vara l$! 1962G 1Dnd
'e Dntor'e'e la B$1$reNt! Dn va1anCIG om$l era de2r!matG avan'a'e o o"ertI eLtraord!narIG !ar no! am
"I1$t 2e '$r-!!G a'ta Dn 1ond!C!!le Dn 1are 1omerC$l no'tr$ 1$ romEn!! era r!d!1olG 1am 1 m!l!on 2e anG
Dn t!m2 1e 1omerC$l lor 1$ )erman!a de @e'tG 1$ 1are n$ avea$ relaC!! d!2lomat!1eG at!n'e'e 1/0
m!l!oane dolar!P
Ca 'I n$ ma! '2$n 1I relaC!!le 1omer1!ale ale RomEn!e! 1$ al!aC!! noNtr! 5&9OG Dn 1962F6+G
1reNtea$ ra2!dG Dn t!m2 1e '1.!mb$r!le lor 1$ no!G 2ra1t!1G n$ eL!'ta$P 9ot$N!G alte 1.e't!! 'e
DntDm2la$G romEn!! Dn1e2$'erI 'I a!bI 2robleme 'er!oa'e 1$ r$N!!. =n !$n!e 1962G (r$N1!ov a "I1$t o
v!-!tI de 'tat Dn RomEn!a N! a 1IlItor!t ma! b!ne de o 'I2tImDnI 2r!n CarIG 1$ 8eMG 2entr$ a vedea
no$a !nd$'tr!e romEnea'1I. :!G d!n toate ra2oartele 1are leFam 2r!m!tG n$ n$ma! 1I n$ !Fa 2lI1$t 1e a
vI-$tG dar leFa N! '2$' romEn!lorG DntrF$n mod Hro'olanG 1I merHea$ DntrFo d!re1C!e HreN!tI N! 1I ar
treb$! 'I 'e o2rea'1I Hrabn!1.
&m a$-!t 1I lFa !n'$ltat 2e 8eM "oarte $rDt N! 1I 8eMG "!!nd obl!Hat 'I a$dI toate a1elea la el a1a'IG
a dat N! el rI'2$n'$r! "oarte a1re. Ev!dentG '1o2$l v!-!te! a "o't a1ela de a '2$ne romEn!lor 'I 2$nI
1a2It e"ort$l$! lor de !nd$'tr!al!-are N! 'I 'e Dntoar1I la 1ea 1e "I1$'erI 1el ma! b!ne Dn tre1$tG ad!1I
'I "!e J1oN$l 1$ 2D!neK al E$ro2e!. &Na 1IG de la Dn1e2$t$l ver!! X62G a$ eL!'tat a1e'te 2re'!$n!G !ar Dn
tot re't$l an$l$! 'Fa a$-!t de d!verHenCe tot ma! a1$te Dntre B$1$reNt! N! 0o'1ova Dn 2robleme leHate
de C&ER #Con'!l!$l de &M$tor E1onom!1 Re1!2ro1 al CIr!lor al!ate 0o'1ove!G n. red.%.
9oate a1e'tea a$ "!ert mo1n!t o vreme N! a$ dat Dn 1lo1ot la 'e'!$nea C&ER de la 0o'1ovaG Dn
"ebr$ar!e 196+. La a1ea DntDln!re !m2ortantIG r$N!! a$ "I1$t 2re'!$n! mar!G 1a 'I !m2$nI 2ro2$ner!le
lor 2r!v!nd o aNaFn$m!tI d!v!-!$ne !nternaC!onal!'tI a m$n1!!G Dn CIr!le d!n E'tG ad!1I o !ntenC!e a
0o'1ove! de a re2art!-a "!e1Ire!a d!n a1e'te CIr! 'ar1!na de a 'e '2e1!al!-a 'tr!1t Dn an$m!te domen!!
N! de aFN! 1oordona 'trDn' 2lan$r!le naC!onaleG Dn "$n1C!e de '2e1!al!-Ir!le re'2e1t!ve.
:!G Dn a"arI de a1e't ob!e1t!vG re'2e1t!va re$n!$ne a ma! av$t N! $n alt$lG de a '2$ne RomEn!e! 1I
2ro!e1tele !nd$'tr!ale 2e 1are leFa 2revI-$t 2entr$ 2lan$l de 6 an! ar treb$! 'I n$ "!e Dn1$raMate N! n!1!
1ont!n$ate. C$ toate a1e'teaG la a1ea re$n!$ne de la 0o'1ovaG romEn!! 'Fa$ C!n$t bIC N! a$ re-!'tat 1$
'$11e' !de!! de '2e1!al!-are Dn 1adr$l C&ERG 2re1$m N! 1erer!! de a ren$nCa la 2ro!e1tele de
de-voltare. ?$r N! '!m2l$G a$ re"$-at 'I 'e '$2$nIG !ar Dn mart!e 196+ a$ 1onvo1at o 2lenarI a
2art!d$l$!G la B$1$reNt!G 1are a 1on"!rmat 2o-!C!a lor de la 0o'1ova.
9ot$N!G a'$2ra lor 'Fa$ "I1$t 2re'!$n! ne1onten!teG dar a2o!G la o re$n!$ne 1r$1!alI a C&ER de la
0o'1ovaG Dn !$l!eG 8eM a 1DNt!Hat Dn "!nalG !ar 2lan$l l$! (r$N1!ov de a tran'"orma C&ERF$l DntrFo
orHan!-aC!e '$2ra'tatalI a eN$at de"!n!t!v. 8e alt"elG am deC!n$t !n"ormaC!! 1IG Dn1I d!n toamna l$!
1962G (r$N1!ov a $rmIr!t 'IFN! !m2$nI 2$n1t$l de vedereG dar 1I romEn!! 'Fa$ o2$' 1$ DnverN$nare.
#@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #@666%
to2new'
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (BIII)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4d!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aFv!!!4
to2new' F 1+ &$H$'t 2014
William Crawford (3) amasador al SU$ la
%u-ur!7ti8 9:C949:C<
William Crawford1 8e1!G Dn 1$r'$l l$! 1962 a
eL!'tat o 2re'!$ne realI a 0o'1ove!G 2entr$ a
17
'1.!mba d!re1C!!le e1onom!e! RomEn!e!G 'tab!l!te 1$ do!Ftre! an! Dn $rmI. E'te l!m2ede 1I 2lan$l de 6
an! al romEn!lorG de'2re 1are am vorb!tG 'Fa a2l!1at 1$ a2robarea 'ov!et!1!lorG 1.!t 1I n$ o dId$'erI
1$ ent$-!a'mG darG la a1ea vremeG 0o'1ova av$'e'e 1Dteva '$11e'e Dn aHr!1$lt$rIG 1$ n!Nte 2ImDnt$r!
de-Celen!teG de1! tran'"ormarea RomEn!e! DntrF$n J1oN de 2D!neK nFa "o't o 2roblemI 2re'antI.
&Na 1I 0o'1ova a '2$' JO,G n$ 1redem 1I e'te o !dee eLtraord!nar de b$nIG dar da1I !n'!'taC!G nF
aveC! de1Dt 'I Dn1er1aC!K. E! b!neG romEn!! a$ Dn1er1atG dar a2o! 'ov!et!1!! a$ av$t 1DC!va an! 'lab! 1$
a"a1erea lor 1$ 2ImDnt$r!le de-Celen!te N! 'Fa$ 1on"r$ntat 1$ mar! d!"!1$ltIC! Dn 1e 2r!veNte 2rod$1C!a
aHr!1olI. &1e'ta e'te mot!v$l 2entr$ 1are (r$N1!ov a ven!t la romEn! a1a'IG 'I le '2$nI 'I an$le-e
J'2e1ta1ol$lKG dar a "o't 2rea tDr-!$G r!tm$l de-voltIr!! !nd$'tr!ale era atDt de '$'C!n$t N! 'e aM$n'e'e
atDt de de2arteG Dn1Dt romEn!! n$ ma! avea$ 1$m 'I "!e 1onv!nN! 'I ren$nCe. & ma! "o't Dn1I 1evaG e!
Dn1e2$'erI 'I DnveCe le1C!! !m2ortante d!n 1onta1tele lor re1ente 1$ O11!dent$lG N! n$ avea$ 1.e" 'I
ren$nCe la ele.
8e 2!ldIG Hen$l lor de 1omerC eLter!or 'e '1.!mba'e '!mC!tor. ?r!n 19/9F1960G 1!r1a 80R d!n
'1.!mb$r! 'e 2rod$1ea Dn !nter!or$l '!'tem$l$! 'ov!et!1G !ar la '"DrN!t$l l$! 1962 1!"ra '1I-$'e la 6/R.
&'ta a "o't o altI 1.e't!$ne 1are !Fa deranMat 2e r$N!G 2entr$ 1I romEn!! Dn1e2$'erI 'I eL2orte ma!
m$lte 2rod$'e al!mentare Dn @e'tG 2entr$ a 2$tea 2lIt! $-!nele !nd$'tr!ale 1$m2Irate. 9r!m!tea$ Dn
O11!dent 1ant!tIC! mar! de HrD$ N! 2or$mbG 1arne de 2or1G tr!m!tea$ HDNte la Stra'bo$rHG 2entr$ J"o!e
Hra'K. *$mItate d!n 2rod$1C!a lor de tra1toare N! de $t!laMe aHr!1ole 2le1aG de a'emeneaG Dn @e't. E!
b!neG a'ta Dn'emna 1I CIr! 1a Ce.o'lova1!aG ?olon!a N! )erman!a de E'tG 1a N! ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG
de2endente de al!mentele romEneNt!G era$ 2$'e Dn d!"!1$ltateG treb$!a$ 'I !m2orte .ranI d!n alte
2IrC!. &'t"elG treb$!a$ 'I 1.elt$!a'1I val$tI "orteG eLtrem de 2reC!oa'I 2entr$ ele la a1ea vreme.
?e de altI 2arteG romEn!! HDndea$ Dn a1e!aN! termen!G '2$nDnd J1e 'en' areG de eLem2l$G 'I
eL2ortIm 2or$mb Dn ?olon!aG 1a 'I .rIn!m 2or1!! 2olone-!G a't"el Dn1Dt ?olon!a 'I 2oatI eL2orta
N$n1I Dn @e'tG 1a 'I obC!nI ban!! 1$ 1are 'I 1$m2ere $-!ne de a1oloUK ?r!n $rmareG romEn!! a$
.otIrDt 'I 2ro1ede-e e! DnN!N! a't"elG a'ta 'Fa DntDm2lat Dn real!tate. &Na 1I CIr!le d!n blo1$l 'o1!al!'t a$
Dn1e2$t 'I re'!mtI a"a1er!le d!re1te ale RomEn!e! 1$ @e't$l N! '1.!mbarea '$rven!tI Dn 1omerC$l e!
eLter!orG "olo'!t a1$m 2entr$ a '$'C!ne 2roHram$l naC!onal de !nd$'tr!al!-are. La '"DrN!t$l an$l$!
1962G am Dn1e2$t 'I 1on'tatIm eL!'tenCa $nor d!'2$te 'er!oa'e la re$n!$n!le C&ERG 1Dt de'2re
romEn!G a1eNt!a a$ Dn1e2$t 'I arate a1olo m$lt ma! m$lt naC!onal!'m N! 1$raM de1Dt ant!1!2a'erIm no!G
amer!1an!!.
=n 1e 2r!veNte '!t$aC!a !nternIG Dn 1962G am Dn1e2$t 'I 1on'tatIm lan'area $ne! 1am2an!! de
der$'!"!1areG 1areG $lter!orG avea 'I 'e am2l!"!1e '!mC!tor. 8e eLem2l$G 1Dnd am aM$n' e$ a1oloG
2lenara 2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'t d!n $rmI 1$ o l$nI re'1r!'e'e !'tora 2art!d$l$! Dn termen! no!G 2$tern!1
naC!onal!Nt! N!G !m2l!1!tG ant!Fr$'eNt!. &2o!G 2e'te 1Dteva l$n!G 'tat$!a enormI a l$! Stal!n a d!'2Ir$tG
d!'1retG d!n "aCa ?ar1$l$! Stal!n #a1t$al$l ?ar1 (erI'trI$G 'tat$!a era am2la'atI la !ntrarea Dn 2ar1 d!n
?!aCa C.arle' de )a$lleG n. red.%. 5$ 'Fa '2$' n!m!1G n$ 'Fa '1r!' n!1I!er!G Dn n!1! $n -!arG darG 2e'te ea
a "o't r!d!1at $n 1ortG !ar a2o! 'tat$!a d!n 1ort a d!'2Ir$t DntrFo noa2te. ?e $rmI 2ar1$l a "o't
rebote-at O n$ 1$ n$mele $ne! alte 2er'oane O N! a't"elG Stal!n a d!'2Ir$t de tot. &N ma! adI$Ha doar
1I alte mI'$r! de der$'!"!1are "$'e'erI l$ate 1$ m$lt t!m2 Dna!nte de 1962.
R!+ort!r1 E"8 a-um8 -a r=s+u&s la a-!st! i3u-&iri d! i&d!+!&d!&,= al! rom/&ilor8 au fost
7i .&-!r-=ri al! U&iu&ii Sovi!ti-! d! a4i adu-! .&a+oi8 .& r.&d -u -!ilal,i !sti-i8 +ri&tr! !l! 7i o
vi3it= s!-r!t= .& Rom/&ia a lui 'ru7-iov .&su7i8 .& 9:C3. C0iar a fost la %u-ur!7ti?
William Crawford1 8aG a "o'tG am av$t !n"ormaC!! 2re1!'e 1I a "o'tG N! alte amba'ade a$ av$t
a1eleaN! !n"ormaC!!G !n1l$'!v !$Ho'lav!!. Se 2are 1I DntDln!rea a av$t lo1 Dn 9ran'!lvan!aG a2roa2e de
"ront!era 1$ 6$Ho'lav!a. 8ove-!le 1I 'Fa DntDm2lat aNa a$ "o't !re"$tab!le.
&m $!tat data a2roL!mat!vI 1Dnd 'Fa 2rod$'G dar 1red 1I a "o't vorba 1am de M$mItatea an$l$!
196+. 6ar v!-!ta 'Fa Dn'1r!' Dn e"ort$r!le 'ov!et!1!lor de a 2$ne 2re'!$n! N! a DnHen$n1.ea re-!'tenCa
romEn!lor "aCI de reorHan!-area C&ER. 0!Fam!nte'1 1IG d$2I re$n!$nea C&ER d!n "ebr$ar!e a1el
anG de la 0o'1ovaG 1om!tet$l 1entral al ?art!d$l$! Com$n!'t RomEn 'Fa DntDln!t Dn mart!e N! a an$nCat
o2o-!C!a 'a 1ateHor!1I "aCI de !deea or!1Ire! a$tor!tIC! '$2ra'tatale Dn 1adr$l Con'!l!$l$!G !n'!'tDnd
18
a'$2ra tratament$l$! eHal al t$t$ror membr!lor 'I! N! a'$2ra neame'te1$l$! Dn a"a1er!le !nterne ale
or!1Ir$!a d!ntre e!G 2ron$nCDnd$F'e 2entr$ 2lan$r! b!lateraleG N! n$ la n!vel de C&ER et1.
R!+ort!r1 @oat! a-!st!a au d!v!&it sui!-tul ra+oart!lor dvs. -=tr! Was0i&6to&?
!ll!am Craw"ord3 8aG am ra2ortat a1olo toate a1e'te evol$C!!G am ma! relatat N! "a2t$l 1I ?art!d$l
Com$n!'t RomEn a orHan!-at ad$nIr! Dn toatI CaraG 2entr$ 1a "!e1are om 'I 't$d!e-e N! 'I DnCeleaHI
1e 'e DntDm2lI. Ceea 1e am 2r!1e2$t a "o't 1I romEn!!G 1.!ar da1I n$ 1DNt!Ha'erI bItIl!aG a$ aM$n'G
tot$N!G la $n arm!'t!C!$G N! 1I r$N!! a$ "o't obl!HaC! 'I 2$nI 2re'!$n!G Dn 1ont!n$areG 1eea 1e a$ N! "I1$t.
5!men! n$ a Nt!$t Dn1otro vor evol$a l$1r$r!leG dar romEn!! a$ '2$' "oarte l!m2edeG 1I n$ vor ren$nCa
la 2roHram$l de !nd$'tr!al!-are. &'ta neFa obl!Hat 'I reanal!-Im N! ma! 'er!o' '!t$aC!a N! 1.!ar 'I
"a1em re1omandIr! '2e1!"!1e Dn 1e 2r!veNte v!!toarele 2ol!t!1! eLterne amer!1aneG Dn Heneral. #@a
$rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #6Y%
to2new'
U& s!rial +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (IF)
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to2new' F 1/ &$H$'t 2014
!ll!am Craw"ord amba'ador al S;& la
B$1$reNt!G 1961F196/
6nterv!$l d!n 1989
Re2orter3 C$m 'Fa DntDm2latU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 8aG am "o't n$m!t Dn
RomEn!aG Dn no!embr!e 1961. &'ta a ven!tG ma!
deHrabIG 1a o '$r2r!-I. &m "o'tG 2$r N! '!m2l$G
'$nat de d!re1tor$l Heneral al Ser!1!$l$! ELtern
N! m! 'Fa '2$' 1I treb$!e 'I mI 2re-!nt a do$a -! la Ca'a &lbI. S!n1erG Dn 1e 2r!veNte RomEn!aG n$ mI
aNte2tam la o 1.e't!e deo'eb!tIG dar 'Fa doved!tG Dn an!! 1Dnd am 'tat a1oloG 1I n$ ant!1!2a'em n!m!1
d!n 1ele 1e vor $rma Dn a1ea CarI N! 1I a "o'tG de "a2tG vorba de o adevIratI revol$C!e naC!onalI.
Re2orter3 Era Cea$Ne'1$ la 2$tereU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 5$. & "o't ).eorH.!$F8eMG Cea$Ne'1$ era ma'1ota e1.!2e!G 1el ma! tDnIr d!n
Hr$2. Ceea 1e 'e DntDm2la'e O N! a'ta am a"lat d$2I 1e am aM$n' a1olo O a "o't 1I Dn 19/2 1om$n!Nt!!
Td$r!K ven!C! de la 0o'1oa N! lo!al! l$! Stal!nG "$'e'erI el!m!naC!G !ar 8eM N! oamen!! 'I! a$ l$at
2$terea. E! n$ a$ "o't la 0o'1ovaG a$ -I1$t Dn 2$N1Ir!! N! Dna!nte N! Dn an!! rI-bo!$l$!G era$ 1om$n!Nt!
2roen!C! d!n '!nd!1ate. =n 19/6 a$ "o't de'"!!nCate aNaFn$m!tele 'orom$r!G $n "el de 'o1!etIC! m!Lte
romEnoF'o!et!1eG !ar Dn 19/8 tr$2ele 'o!et!1e a$ "o't retra'e d!n RomEn!aG Dn mare mI'$rI dator!tI
2$rtIr!! T1ore1teK a 1ond$1Itor!lor romEn! Dn t!m2$l reol$C!e! d!n ;nHar!aG d!n 19/6. =ntrF$n 1$vDntG
Dn 19/2 2$terea a "o't 2rel$atI de $n "el de Hr$2 naC!onal!'tG 1ontrol$l e1onom!1 r$'e'1 'Fa relaLat Dn
19/6G tr$2ele r$'eNt! a$ "o't retra'e Dn 19/8G teren$l a "o't 2reHIt!t 2entr$ 1a romEn!! 'I 2oatI 'I 'e
m!NteG 1Dt de 1DtG l!ber!. 8!n a1ele momenteG aNa 1$m am 1on'tatatG romEn!! a$ .otIrDt 'I n$ "!e doar
$n T1oN 1$ 2D!neKG 1$ $n "el de e1onom!e m!LtI aHrarF!nd$'tr!alI N! a$ "o't 1onv!nN! 1I r$N!! vor "! de
a1ord 1$ a1e't 'tat$t al lor. =n 19/9 e! a$ 1re-$t 1I aHr!1$lt$ra lor e'te DntrFo "ormI b$nIG aNa 1I a$
tre1$tG Dn 1ont!n$areG la !nd$'tral!-areG a2o! r$N!! a$ av$t 1DC!a an! 'lab! Dn aHr!1$lt$rIG dar romEn!! a$
1ont!n$at 1$ 1e a$ Dn1e2$t.
Re2orter3 C$ 1e a$ Dn1e2$t !nd$'tr!al!-areaG 1$ !nd$'tr!a '!der$rH!1IU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 S!der$rH!a 'Fa a"lat N! ea la Dn1e2$t$r!G dar a$ ma! "o't N! $-!nele 1.!m!1eG de
.Drt!eG N! m$lte alte !nd$'tr!! !m2ortate d!n e't.
19
Re2orter3 Ce l$1r$r! !m2ortante 1redeC! 1I aC! "I1$tG 1a Ne" de 0!'!$neG la B$1$reNt!U
!ll!am Craw"ord3 ?r!m$l a "o't 'I 1ont!n$! 1e Dn1e2$'emG aveam $n a1ord 1$lt$ral 1$ RomEn!aG
$n!1$l 'emnat Dn E$ro2a RI'Ir!teanIG 'ar1!na mea a "o't 'IF! da$ v!aCI. Cam d$2I 2 an! am neHo1!at
$n alt$l N! mFam !m2l!1at m$lt Dn treb$r! 1$lt$rale. Cred 1I a "o't $n l$1r$ b$nG 2entr$ 1I a dat
amer!1an!lor N! romEn!lor Nan'a 'I 'tab!lea'1I $n "el de relaC!e de l$1r$G !ar a'ta neFa aM$tat 'I ne
1$noaNtem ma! b!neG 'I DnCeleHem "!e1are metodele de l$1r$ ale 1el$!lalt. &2o!G 'Fa$ 2etre1$t o
m$lC!me de 1.e't!! 1are !Fa$ Dm2!n' 2e romEn! la o d!'tanCare N! ma! 'er!oa'I de r$N!. &1eNt!a
Dn1er1a$ 2ermanent 'IF! "a1I 2e romEn! 'I ren$nCe la 2lan$r!le lor de a 1rea o e1onom!e ma!
d!ver'!"!1atI darG Dn + an! 1on'e1$t!v!G 1962G 196+ N! 1964G e! a$ DnlIt$ratG tre2tatG 1ontrol$l
'ov!et!1!lor a'$2ra e1onom!e!. >el$l lor a "o't a1ela de a 1rea e1onom!a 2e 1are o 1on'!dera$ 1ea
ma! ade1vatI la ne1e'!tIC!le lor N!G Dn 1ele d!n $rmIG a$ Dn1e2$t 'I 'e Dntoar1I '2re no! tot ma! m$ltG
2entr$ a obC!ne a'!'tenCI. Sar1!na mea era 'I ra2orte- toate a'tea la a'.!nHton N! 'IF! 1onv!nH 2e
1e! de a1olo 1I 1eea 1e 'e DntDm2la era real. 5Fa "o't $NorG Dn 2r!m$l rDnd 2entr$ 1I treb$!a 'I
DnCeleHem 2ermanent '!t$aC!a N! 'I o DnCeleHem b!ne. =n al do!lea rDndG treb$!a 'IF! 1onv!nHem 2e 1e!
d!n 8e2artamentG 1are l$1ra'erI Dn RomEn!a Dn an!! X/0G 1I l$1r$r!le 'e '1.!mba$ 1$ adevIrat N!
devenea l!m2ede 1I a1ea'tI m$n1I de 1onv!nHere 2$tea 'I d$re-e an! Dn N!r. =n a1ea'tI m$n1I a
meaG de 1onv!nHereG am "o't eLtraord!nar de m$lt aM$tat de v!-!ta de tre! -!le 2e 1are a "I1$tFoG Dn
196+G Dn RomEn!a m!n!'tr$l &Hr!1$lt$r!!G Or!lle Vreeman. 8eM a 1onvo1at B!ro$l ?ol!t!1 al 2art!d$l$!
N! a d!'1$tat 2er'onal 1$ Vreeman -!le Dn N!rG N! a 2$' de'1.!'G 2e ma'IG 1e an$me vo!a de la
amer!1an! Dn 2r!v!nCa $ne! a'!'tenCe 2entr$ 2roHram$l l$! e1onom!1. ;lter!orG am "o't 1.emat la
a'.!nHtonG Dn altI 2roblemIG am an$nCat Ca'a &lbI 1I eram a1olo N!G d!n "er!1!reG 2reNed!ntele
#,ennedy% mFa 1.emat la el N! am 'tat Dm2re$nI o orI DntreaHI N! !Fam '2$' 1are era 2roblema. &m
"o't '!nH$r! Dn b!ro$l l$! N! a "o't deo'eb!t de !ntere'at de 1eea 1e 'e DntDm2la. 8ata a "o't 22 'a$ 2+
a$H$'tG de1! 1$ n$ma! tre! l$n! Dna!nte 1a 2reNed!ntele 'I "! m$r!t. & do$a -! a '$nat 2er'onal la
8e2artament$l ComerC$l$!G '2re a d!'1$ta de'2re RomEn!aG !ar e$ mFam DntDln!tG Dn -!$a $rmItoareG
1$ 'e1retar$l adM$n1t al ComerC$l$!G V.8.Roo'eelt *r. ?roblema era a1eea 1I no! n$ dId$'erImG Dn1IG
$n rI'2$n' romEn!lor Dn 2r!!nCa $nor $-!ne !nd$'tr!ale 2e 1are dorea$ 'I le a1.!-!C!one-e de la no!.
?DnI at$n1!G 2ra1t!1G re"$-a'erIm 'I le o"er!m 1am tot 1e ne 'ol!1!ta'erIG '!t$aC!e Dn 1are romEn!! a$
Dn1e2$t 'I 1$m2ere de la al!aC!! noNtr! e$ro2en!. 8e1!G 2e de o 2arteG 2$r N! '!m2l$ n$ "I1eam n!1! $n
banG n!1! o a"a1ereG !ar 2e de altI 2arte n$ o"eream RomEn!e! n!1! $n "el de re1om2en'I 2entr$ 1$r'$l
!nde2endent 2e 1are 'e Dn'1r!'e'e. &1ea'tI '!t$aC!e a "o't do1$mentatI de ra2oartele amba'ade!G !ar
2reNed!ntele a C!n$t "oarte m$lt 1a toate a1e'te l$1r$r! 'I "!e ad$'e la 1$noNt!nCa 8e2artament$l$!
ComerC$l$!. ?$r N! '!m2l$G 2reNed!ntele neFa '2$' 1I doreNte o 2ol!t!1I no$I Dn 1e 2r!veNte 1omerC$l
1$ E$ro2a de E't N!G Dn 2r!m$l rDndG 1$ RomEn!aG aNa 1I am Dn1e2$t 'I l$1rIm Dn a1ea'tI d!re1C!e.
CDC!a 2aN! Dna!nte "$'e'erIG deMaG real!-aC! la Com!'!a 2entr$ 1ontrol$l eL2ort$r!lorG !ar 2reNed!ntele a
'$'C!n$t ent$-!a'mat re1omandIr!le 1om!'!e!G d!ntre 1are m$lte a$ 1o!n1!' 1$ 2ro2r!!le mele !de!.
Re2orter3 & "o't vorbaG Dn e'enCIG de o l!beral!-are a 1ontrol$l$! eL2ort$r!lorU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 8aG de'2re a'ta a "o't orba. ?reNed!ntele a dor!t 'I re1om2en'e-e "!e1are
H$ern e'tFe$ro2ean Dn 2arteG Dn "$n1C!e de e"ort$r!le 2e 1are le de2$nea 2entr$ a "! ma! !nde2endent
de 0o'1ova. Se 2oate '2$ne 1I 2reNed!ntele ,ennedy a "o't 1el 1are a $rn!t l$1r$r!le N!G d$2I 1e a
"o't a'a'!natG *o.n'on a 1ont!n$at re1omandIr!le 'aleG !ar RomEn!a a rIma' $n eLem2l$ de 1$m
an$me ar dor! 'I vadI 8e2artament$l de Stat 1I 'e m!N1I l$1r$r!le. Re-$ltat$l a "o't 1IG d$2I reo 6
l$n!G (arr!man a 1ond$' o deleHaC!e amer!1anI 1are 'Fa DntDln!t 1$ romEn!! a!1!G la a'.!nHtonG N! a$
"o't 'emnate ma! m$lte DnCeleHer!. &m $!tat 'I vI '2$n 1IG at$n1! 1Dnd mFam Dntor' la a'.!nHtonG
am 1IlItor!t Dn av!on 1$ m!n!'tr$l adM$n1t de ELterne romEnG 0!r1ea 0al!CaG N! am av$t o 1onvorb!re
Dndel$nHatI. &2o!G lFam TDntDln!tK 2e a1e'ta 1$ (arr!manG N! am !eN!t de ma! m$lte or! Dn tre!G 'I
2rDn-!m. RomEn!! a$ re$N!t 'IFl 1onv!nHI 2e (arr!man de 1eea 1e "I1ea$ N! vro!a$ 'I "a1IG Dn
1ont!n$areG de a'emenea de 1e an$me avea$ neo!eG 1a '2r!M!nG de la amer!1an!. (arr!man a Dn1e2$t 'I
'!m2at!-e-e "oarte m$lt 1$ 1a$-a romEn!lor N! a d!'1$tat 2e a1ea'tI temI 1$ 'e1retar$l de Stat 8ean
R$'k. =n 1ele d!n $rmIG (arr!man a aM$n' 1ond$1Itor$l deleHaC!e! noa'tre la d!'1$C!!le N! neHo1!er!le
1$ romEn!!. &Na 1I a "o'tG 2$r N! '!m2l$G o 1o!n1!denCI DntDln!rea mea 1$ 0al!CaG d!'1$C!!le Dn tre! 1$
20
(arr!manG !ar a2o! v!-!ta 2e 1are am "I1$tFo 2reNed!ntel$!. 9oate a'tea a$ doved!t 1I e'te ma! '!m2l$
'I real!-e-! 1eva 2r!n DntDln!r! N! d!'1$C!! la n!vel DnaltG !n1l$'!v la Ca'a &lbI.
Re2orter3 ;!tDnd$Fne Dna2o! 2/ de an!G vedem 1I l$1r$r!le evol$a$ 2e at$n1! "oarte b!neG RomEn!a
a "o't T$n bI!at b$nK an! N! an! Dn N!r. &1$mG 'e 2are 1I tot$l 'e 2rIb$NeNte. 8e 1e oare a'taU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 &Na 1$m am 2r!1e2$t e$G 8eM a trad$' Dn v!aCI $n 2roHram naC!onal!'t. :!
Cea$Ne'1$ a 1ont!n$at 2e a1eeaN! 1aleG dar el N!Fa 2$' oamen!! de 1a'I la 1ond$1ereG o e1.!2I ma!
tDnIrI. 8arG Cea$Ne'1$ a "o't 2arano!1 N! van!to' N! a "o't Dn1onM$rat de o "am!l!e 1$ 2rea m$lte
amb!C!!. CDnd mFam Dntor' Dn RomEn!a 1a t$r!'tG Dn $lt!m!! an!G am a$t !m2re'!a 1I 'Dnt la 0o'1ova Dn
194/. 9ot$l era Cea$Ne'1$G 1$vDntIr!le 'aleG a"a1er!le neve't!F'!! et1. Era $n 1$lt al 2er'onal!tIC!!
1omb!nat 1$ ne2ot!'m N! $n 1ontrol !ntern "oarte d$r.
Re2orter3 EL!'tI vreo d!"erenCI e'enC!alI Dntre metodele Se1$r!tIC!! romEne N! ale 'ov!et!1!lorU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 E'te l!m2ede 1I 1eea 1e Nt!a$G DnvICa'erI de la 'ov!et!1!G dar n$ era$ aNa de
d$r! 1a e!. 6de!le l!berale n$ 2$tea$ "! eL2r!mateG '!'tem$l era 2er"e1t 1entral!-at N! 1ontrolat.
Re2orter3 E'teG 1$mvaG 2Irerea d'. a1eea 1I 2rIb$N!rea RomEn!e! 'Fa datorat 1or$2C!e! N! 2roa'te!
1ond$1er!G ma! m$lt de1Dt or!1Ire! alte 1a$-eU
!ll!am Craw"ord3 &b'ol$t da.
Re2orter3 &C! ma! dor! 'I adI$HaC! 1ea de'2re romEn!U
!ll!am Craw"ord3 Con'!der 1I romEn!! 'Dnt oamen! !ntere'anC! N! 2lI1$C!G 1$ 1are te 2oC! DnCeleHe
b!ne. Le 2la1e "oarte m$lt 'I 'e '!mtI b!ne. 8e a'emeneaG 'Dnt oamen! m$n1!tor!. #va $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte 't!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #Y%
&lte 't!r!
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (F)
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&lte t!r! F 18 &$H$'t 2014
Ro!rt ". #!is
ata7at -ultural 7i d! +r!s= al $masad!i SU$
la %u-ur!7ti (9:C;49:CC)

Robert ,.)e!' a ab'olv!t 1$r'$r!le ;n!ver'!tIC!!
R!1e N! ale ;n!ver'!tIC!! &mer!1aneG d!n 9eLa'.
:!Fa Dn1e2$t a1t!v!tatea la 8e2artament$l de Stat
Dn 1962G N! a l$1rat 1a ataNat 1$lt$ral N! de 2re'I Dn &rHent!naG RomEn!aG E1$adorG ;RSSG 6tal!a N!
9r!n!dad 9obaHo. 8e a'emeneaG a l$1rat la a'.!nHtonG Dn 1adr$l ;S6&. &1e't !nterv!$ datea-I d!n
an$l 1999.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 &m $rmat $n 1$r' de 2reHIt!re 1a 'I l$1re- Dn CIr!le 1om$n!'te d!n E$ro2a de
E't N!G Dn mod '2e1!alG Dn RomEn!a. 8$2I 1e t!m2 de 6 l$n! am DnvICat l!mba romEnI #am de'1o2er!t
1I '2an!ola mFa aM$tat $n 2!1G 2entr$ 1I romEna e'teG N! eaG o l!mbI roman!1I%G $rma 'I 2le1 Dn
RomEn!a. La a1ea vremeG RomEn!a era $n teren de te'tare a 2ol!t!1!! de 1reare de 2$nC! Dntre S;& N!
$nele CIr! 1om$n!'te. C$ alte 1$v!nteG !deea era 1a no! 'I aleHem an$m!te CIr! 1om$n!'te 1are 2Irea$
2red!'2$'e 'IFN! Dmb$nItICea'1I relaC!!le 1$ Statele ;n!te N! 'I ne 1on1entrIm atenC!a a'$2ra lor. 6ar
21
RomEn!a era $na d!ntre ele. :!G d$2I m!neG 2ol!t!1a re'2e1t!vI a dat roadeG la '"DrN!t$l an!lor X60G DntrF
$n "el "oarte !ntere'ant.
Z Re2orter3 C!ne era 2reNed!nteU Cea$Ne'1$U
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 5$G n$ eraG Dn1IG 2reNed!nte. & deven!t 2reNed!nte Dn 2er!oada Dn 1are mI a"lam
e$ a1olo. =n de1embr!e 1964G m!n!'tr$l 1on'!l!er !ll!am Craw"ord N!Fa 2re-entat '1r!'or!le de
a1red!tare "o't$l$! d!1tator al RomEn!e!G ).eorH.e ).eorH.!$F8eMG !ar leHaC!a Statelor ;n!te a "o't
r!d!1atI la ranH de amba'adI. Ceva ma! tDr-!$G Cea$Ne'1$ a deven!t Ne"$l 2art!d$l$!.
Re2orter3 ?ove't!C!Fne de'2re Craw"ord N! de'2re "el$l Dn 1are a 1ond$' amba'ada.
Robert ,.)e!'3 Era $n amba'ador b!ne 2reHIt!t. Era "oarte b$1$ro' 1I 'e a"la Dn RomEn!a 2e
vremea 1Dnd leHaC!a noa'trI a deven!t amba'adI N! 1IG a't"elG a 2$t$t 'IFN! 2re!nte '1r!'or!le de
a1red!tare. & "o't $rmat de R!1.ard (. 8av!'. Cred 1I 8av!' a "o't 1el ma! b$n amba'adorG !ar el N!
'oC!a 'aG (arr!etG a$ "ormat 1$2l$l 2er"e1t de amba'ador! 2e 1are !Fam 2r!n' Dn toatI 1ar!era mea. Era
o 2er'oanI eLtrem de !ntel!HentIG "oarte 't!latIG $n adevIrat 2ro"e'!on!'t. ?roHram$l no'tr$ Dn
RomEn!a era de't$l de 'Ira1G dar amba'ada a orHan!-at m$lte eL2o-!C!! de artI Hra"!1I. &'ta era la
Dn1e2$t$l an$l$! 196/. ;na d!ntre 1ele ma! b$ne eL2o-!C!!G den$m!tI JE'tF@e'tKG a "o't 1ea
orHan!-atI de &HenC!a de 6n"ormaC!! a S;&. =n 2er!oada a1eeaG amba'ada avea $n anHaMat romEnG
$n$l d!ntre 1e! ma! 'trIl$1!C! t!ner! '1r!!tor!G &leLandr$ 6va'!$1. Era 1$ tot$l neob!Nn$!t 1a o 2er'oanI
de valoarea l$! 'I l$1re-e Dn 1adr$l 8e2artament$l$! ?ol!t!1. :!G 2r!n &leLG am av$t Nan'a de a "a1e
1$noNt!nCI 1$ t!ner! ar!Nt!G '1r!!tor! N! !ntele1t$al! d!n B$1$reNt!. &1e'ta a "o't $n$l d!ntre l$1r$r!le
1are m!Fa$ o"er!t 1ele ma! mar! 'at!'"a1C!! d!n 1ar!era mea. 8e a'emeneaG dator!tI a1e'tor 1onta1te
am Dn1e2$t 'I al1It$!e'1 o 1ole1C!e 2er'onalI de ob!e1te de artI.
Z Re2orter3 8ar trI!aC! DntrFo CarI 1om$n!'tIG aNa 1I eraC! $rmIr!t tot t!m2$l.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 &Na e.
Z Re2orter3 6ar 6va'!$1G 1are vFa !ntrod$' Dn l$mea !ntele1t$alI a B$1$reNt!lorG ra2orta tot$l
'tI2Dn!lor l$!.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 C$ '!H$ranCI.
Z Re2orter3 :! a't"el a "o't !n"!ltratI amba'ada.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 8a.
Z Re2orter3 8ar n$ aC! av$t n!1! o 2roblemI. &C! DnvICat 'I vI de'1$r1aC! Dn a1el med!$ N! n$ aC!
"I1$t n!1! o a"!rmaC!e 1are 'I vI "! tr!m!' la Dn1.!'oare.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 &! 2er"e1tI dre2tate. =n 1eea 1eFl 2r!veNte 2e &leLG 1red 1IG deN! "$'e'eG "IrI
Dndo!alIG 2reHIt!t de a$tor!tIC! 'I l$1re-e 1$ no!G era $n "el de aHent 2e 1ont 2ro2r!$. Era o 2er'oanI
1$ reale 1al!tIC! art!'t!1e N! era 1$ tot$l neob!Nn$!t 1a $n '1r!!tor romEn 'I l$1re-e la &mba'ada
Statelor ;n!teG Dn 1adr$l 8e2artament$l$! ?ol!t!1. 6va'!$1 "I1ea ra2oarte 1are a$ aM$n' N! la
!ntele1t$al!tatea d!n RomEn!a 1om$n!'tI.
Z Re2orter3 & '$2rav!eC$!t.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 8a.
Z Re2orter3 &d!1I a m$r!t de moarte b$nI.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 E! b!neG n$ a m$r!t de moarte b$nIG dar a '$2rav!eC$!t. 8e "a2tG n$ am vorb!t
n!1!odatI de'2re a1e't l$1r$. 0I b$1$r 1I lFa! ad$' Dn d!'1$C!e. 8$2I 1e N!Fa Dn1.e!at 1olaborarea 1$
amba'ada noa'trIG a deven!t $n '1r!!tor ren$m!t. 8!n 2I1ateG a m$r!tG Dn mod traH!1G Dn 1$trem$r$l
d!n 1977G 1eea 1e a "o't $n l$1r$ "oarte tr!'t.
Z Re2orter3 :! n!1! n$ era Dn vDr'tI.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 5$G 2robab!l 1I avea Dn M$r de 40 de an!. & "o't o 2!erdere ter!b!lI. &m 2!erd$t
N! $n 2r!eten "oarte b$n. ?e vremea a1eeaG $n!! d!ntre !ntele1t$al!! 2e 1are !Fam DntDln!t a$ deven!t
1elebr!G aNa 1$m a$ "o't reH!-or$l &ndre! :erban N! ren$m!t$l '1r!!tor ?etr$ ?o2e'1$. &'ta era Dn an$l
22
1964 N! to1ma! 2r!m!'em $n 0$'tanH de1a2otab!l de 1$loare vedreG 1are a deven!t atra1C!a oraN$l$!.
8e m$lte or!G 1a 'I aM$nH la 0$'tanHG treb$!a 'IFm! "a1 lo1 2r!ntre oamen!! 1are Dm! adm!ra$ maN!na.
5$ 1red 1I mFam ma! b$1$rat vreodatI de atDta 1on'!deraC!e.
Z Re2orter3 S2er 1I o ma! aveC! N! a1$m.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 5$G d!n 2I1ate. &m vDnd$tFo Dna!nte de a 2le1a d!n RomEn!a. ;n$l d!ntre
even!mentele memorab!le 1are a$ av$t lo1 Dn 1adr$l 2roHram$l$! de '1.!mb$r! 1$lt$rale a "o't v!-!ta
a2re1!at$l$! '1r!!tor *o.n ;2d!ke. El a relatat de'2re v!-!ta 'a Dn 1a2!tol$l JBe1. Dn RomEn!aKG d!n
vol$m$l JBe1.3 O 1arteKG Dn 1are e$ 'Dnt 2er'onaM$l ?.!l!2'. &$tor$l mFa 2ortret!-at 1$ de't$lI
mI!e'tr!e art!'t!1I. L$! ;2d!ke !Fa 2lI1$t 'IG 1!te- JrDdI de 2r!eten!! 'I! amer!1an!KG N! 1.!ar era $n
!nd!v!d de't$l de 'ar1a't!1. 9reb$!e 'I '2$n 1I era $n t!2 '$r2r!n-Itor de l!2'!t de 'en'!b!l!tate N! de
1om2a'!$ne.
Z Re2orter3 Voarte !ntere'ant.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 &mba'ada orHan!-a'e N! $n mode't 2roHram V$lbr!H.t O 2r!n 1are 'e "I1ea$
'1.!mb$r! 1$lt$rale N! ed$1aC!onale. &'t"elG Dn toamna l$! 196/G a 'o'!t Dn RomEn!a o tDnIrI drIH$CI
N! "oarte !ntel!HentI O l!nHv!'ta &rlene *enn!nH'. 5eFam 1I'Itor!t Dn !$n!e 1966G Dn B$1$reNt!. &m
'2$' J8aK la Con'!l!$l ?o2$lar N! J*aK la B!'er!1a L$teranI. 6ar l$na de m!ere neFam 2etre1$tFo la o
v!lI d!n 0$nC!! Car2aC!. Era $n lo1 m!n$natG Dn ren$m!ta 'taC!$ne S!na!aG 2entr$ od!.nI N!
re1$2erare.
Z Re2orter3 =n an$l 1969G aC! "o't 2ro2$' 'I l$1raC!G d!n no$G Dn RomEn!a.
Z Robert ,. )e!'3 =n vara l$! 1969G 1Dnd ne a"lam la (o$'ton 2entr$ a'elen!-areG am "o't 1.emat
$rHent la a'.!nHton N! tr!m!' la B$1$reNt!G 2entr$ v!-!ta l$! 5!Lon. 8!1k 8av!' era Dn1I amba'adorG
dar treb$!a 'I 2le1e 2e'te 2$C!n t!m2. 8e "a2tG v!-!ta l$! 5!Lon a "o't $n "el de reDntDln!re 1$ "oNt!!
1oleH! d!n 2r!ma m!'!$ne de la B$1$reNt!. @!-!ta a "o't $n mare '$11e' N! a re2re-entat '$b!e1t$l $n$!
"!lm do1$mentar al &HenC!e! de :t!r! a S;&G !ar 2entr$ m!neG 1el ma! !m2ortant l$1r$ a "o't
'emnarea a1ord$l$! 2entr$ de'1.!derea $n$! 1entr$ 1$lt$ral. &Na 1I am Dn1e2$t 'I l$1rIm la a1el
2ro!e1t. La Dn1e2$tG a "o't $n 2ro1e' !nterm!nab!l N! "r$'trantG Dn mare 2arte dator!tI romEn!lorG 1are
n$ era$ delo1 1oo2eranC!. =ntre t!m2G 2e 21 de1embr!e 1969G la ren$m!t$l '2!tal de 1o2!! d!n
!e'badenG )erman!a de @e'tG 'Fa nI'1$t "!!1a meaG ,at.er!ne *enn!nH' )e!'G !ar v!aCa m! 'Fa
'1.!mbat 2entr$ totdea$naG aNa 1$m o Nt!$ toC! 2Ir!nC!!. OrHan!-area 1entr$l$! 1$lt$ral d!n B$1$reNt!
a "o't o eL2er!enCI $n!1I. &t$n1! 1DndG Dn 1ele d!n $rmIG romEn!! neFa$ 2re-entat $n 1om2leL de
1lId!r! d!n Se1ol$l al Y6YFlea O a d$rat 1DC!va an! 2DnI 'I HI'!m 1eva 1ore'2$n-Itor O am Dn1e2$t 'I
ne o1$2Im de renovare. &HenC!a &mer!1anI de 6n"ormaC!! a 1ontr!b$!t 1$ o '$mI 1on'!derab!lI
2entr$ de'1.!derea a1e't$! 1entr$ 1$lt$ralG 1are !n1l$dea o b!bl!ote1I 1$ 10.000 de vol$meG $n teatr$
N! o Haler!e de artI. SoC!a meaG &rleneG a orHan!-at $n 2roHram de 2redare a l!mb!! enHle-e.
?er'onal$l anHaMat 2e 2lan lo1al era eL1elent. =n "!neG 1entr$l a "o't !na$H$ratG 1$ mare tamFtamG Dn
!an$ar!e 1972G de 1Itre d!re1tor$l &HenC!e! &mer!1ane de 6n"ormaC!! Vrank S.ake'2eare N! de
m!n!'tr$l adM$n1t de ELterne al RomEn!e!. =n a2r!l!e 1972G oa'2etele no'tr$ de onoare a "o't
ren$m!t$l '1r!!tor *ame' 0!1.enerG N! am "o't Dn1Dntat 'I 2r!me'1 de la el 8!2loma de Onoare a
&HenC!e! 2entr$ a1t!v!tatea de'"IN$ratI la orHan!-area 1entr$l$! 1$lt$ral. !ll!am ar"!eld N! $n Hr$2
de 2r!eten! a$ de'1.!' 'er!a man!"e'tIr!lor 1$lt$raleG !nter2retDnd 1Dteva "raHmente d!n o2era J?orHy
N! Be''K. =n !$n!e 1972G 'Fa de'1.!' 2r!ma eL2o-!C!e de artI amer!1anI modernIG m!n$nata 1ole1C!e
0!1.!ner. C$ a1ea'tI o1a-!eG lFam av$t dre2t oa'2ete 2e 'e1retar$l de Stat !ll!am RoHer'. ?e 2lan
2ol!t!1G deN! n$ am Nt!$tG romEn!! avea$ 1onta1te 1$ 1.!ne-!!G 1eea 1e a d$'G Dn 1ele d!n $rmIG la v!-!ta
!'tor!1I a l$! 5!Lon Dn C.!na.
Z Re2orter3 8e1!G RomEn!a era 2r!v!tI 1$ re'2e1t N! 1on'!deraC!e.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 8aG 1Dnd era 2reNed!nte 5!LonG 2entr$ 1I el Nt!a "oarte b!ne 1e a$ "I1$t romEn!!
2entr$ el.
Z Re2orter3 :! 2e vremea l$! *o.n'on era la "el.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 8a.
2+
Z Re2orter3 Voarte !ntere'ant. SI DnCeleH 1I era vorba de o 'trateH!e.
Z Robert ,.)e!'3 ;n$l d!ntre l$1r$r!le 1are a 1ontr!b$!t la a'ta a "o'tG de'!H$rG N! "a2t$l 1IG Dn
t!m2$l 1r!-e! d!n 1968G romEn!! n$ a 2erm!' tr$2elor 'ov!et!1e 'I trea1I 2r!n RomEn!a Dn dr$m$l lor
'2re Ce.o'lova1!a. La a1ea vremeG Cea$Ne'1$ a 1DNt!Hat o mare 2o2$lar!tate atDt Dn RomEn!aG 1Dt N! Dn
l$me. Era 1on'!derat naC!onal!'t N! oamen!! Dl re'2e1ta$. C$lt$l 2er'onal!tIC!! Dn1e2ea 'I 1a2ete
"ormIG dar n$ era atDt de eLa1erbat aNa 1$m 'Fa doved!t $lter!or. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #Y6%
to2new'
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (FI)
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to2new' F 19 &$H$'t 2014
Carl &. Ba't!an! #1% ataNat e1onom!1 al
&mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt! #196/F1968%
Carl &. Ba't!an! a 't$d!at la ;n!ver'!tatea d!n
C.!1aHo N! la ;n!ver'!tatea )eorHetown.
S2e1!al!'t Dn 2ol!t!1!le eLterne ale 6tal!e! N!
RomEn!e!G Ba't!an! a l$1rat Dn 6tal!aG RomEn!a N!
?olon!a. 6nterv!$l a "o't real!-at Dn an$l 2008.
Re2orter3 SI vorb!m de'2re 2art!1!2area dv'. la
1$r'$l de l!mba romEnI N! a2o! 'I d!'1$tIm de'2re RomEn!a. C$m v! 'Fa 2Ir$t l!mba romEnIU @Fa
"o't $Nor 'I o DnvICaC!U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 ?entr$ m!neG a "o't de't$l de $Nor. &'ta 'Fa datorat "a2t$l$! 1I romEna 'eamInI
m$lt 1$ !tal!ana. 8$2I 9 l$n! de 't$d!$G vorbeam l!mba romEnI "l$entG '!nH$ra 2roblemI a "o't
"a2t$l 1I aveam $n vo1ab$lar 1am 'Ira1.
Re2orter3 Ce !m2re'!! vFaC! "ormat de'2re RomEn!aU 8e m$lte or!G $n 't$dent la V!loloH!e 2oate
'I 1a2ete $nele !n"ormaC!! de la Dndr$mItor$l 'I$G 'a$ d!n alte '$r'eG de'2re Cara Dn 1are $rmea-I 'I
2le1e. Ce aC! a"lat de'2re Cea$Ne'1$U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 &veam !n"ormaC!! de'2re -ona re'2e1t!vI. :t!am 1I RomEn!a era $n$l d!ntre
'atel!C!! 'ov!et!1!G 1I era $n 'tat total!tarG dar N! 1I era o CarI "oarte "r$moa'I N! boHatI Dn re'$r'e
nat$rale. 8e a'emeneaG a"la'em 1IG d!ntre toate l!mb!le roman!1e o11!dentaleG romEna era 1ea ma!
a2ro2!atI de lat!na vorb!tI Dn vremea roman!lor. =n a1elaN! t!m2 O N! 1red 1I a'ta am a"latFo de
$ndevaG 'a$G 2oateG am de'1o2er!tFo '!nH$r O l!mba romEnI e'te vorb!tI 1$ $n a11ent d!"er!tG !ar
vo1ab$lar$l e'te 2l!n de 1$v!nte 'lave N! t$r1eNt!. 8arG trad$1erea l$! b$ona 'eraG d!n !tal!anIG e'teG Dn
l!mba romEnIG b$nI 'eara[ &rr!v!der1!G d!n !tal!anI dev!neG Dn romEnIG La revedere et1. Eram atDt de
ab'orb!t de a1ea'tI l!mbIG Dn1Dt am "o't deFa dre2t$l Menat 1Dnd am Dn1er1at 'I vorbe'1G Dn B$1$reNt!G
1$ $n d!2lomat !tal!an. 0!Fam dat 'eama 1I n$ 2$team 'I o "a1 "IrI 'IFm! v!nIG 2e neaNte2tateG Dn
m!nteG 1$v!nte Dn l!mba romEnI.
Re2orter3 CDnd aC! aM$n' Dn RomEn!a U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 =n vara l$! 196/.
Re2orter3 :! 1DC! an! aC! 'tat a1olo U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 Cam 2 an! N! M$mItate.
Re2orter3 Era 2entr$ 2r!ma oarI 1Dnd l$aC! 1onta1t 1$ l$mea l$! Cea$Ne'1$U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 8a. 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$ to1ma! D! l$a'e lo1$l l$! ).eorH.e ).eorH.!$F8eM.
).eorH.!$F8eM a "o't $n$l d!ntre "ondator!! 2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'t N! 1ond$1Itor$l $n$! tr!$mv!rat. El
24
era Ne"$l. 8eN! la Dn1e2$t 8eM D! "$'e'e lo!al l$! Stal!nG n$ d$2I m$lt t!m2G a Dn1e2$t 'I el!m!ne
!n"l$enCa 0o'1ove! a'$2ra RomEn!e!. =n '1.!mb$l '2r!M!n$l$! 2e 1are lFa a1ordat ;RSSF$l$! Dn
re2r!marea revol$C!e! maH.!are d!n 19/6G el a 1er$t 1aG Dn 19/8G tr$2ele 'ov!et!1e 'I "!e retra'e de 2e
ter!tor!$l CIr!! 'ale. =m! am!nte'1 1I am 1!t!t 1I ).eorH.!$F8eM a 2erm!' tran-!tarea 2r!n RomEn!a a
tr$2elor 'ov!et!1e tr!m!'e 'I an!.!le-e revolta N! Dm! ma! ad$1 am!nte 1I 6mre 5aHy a "o't Dntemn!CatG
tem2orarG Dn RomEn!aG Dna!nte de 2ro1e'$l N! eLe1$tarea l$!. 8!n a1el momentG ).eorH.!$F8eM a l$at
.otIrDrea de a 'tab!l! relaC!! 1omer1!ale 1$ O11!dent$l N! de a n$ 1oo2era de1Dt 2arC!al 1$ 1elelalte
CIr!F'atel!t d!n 1adr$l Com!'!e! ?ermanente a C&ER. CDnd a m$r!t 8eMG Cea$Ne'1$G '$'C!n$t de alC!
l!der! de 2art!dG 1are era$ 2art!-an!! 2ol!t!1!! de !nde2endenCI naC!onalIG a 2rel$at 2$terea. =n a1ea
2er!oadIG no! Dl '2r!M!neamG deoare1e el a 1ont!n$at 2ol!t!1a de a$tonom!e "aCI de ;RSS. SFa b$1$rat
de o oare1are 2o2$lar!tate Dn rDnd$l 1om2atr!oC!lor 'I!. E$ lFam 1on'!derat $n 1om$n!'t naC!onal!'tG
2entr$ 1I 't!l$l 'I$ de 1ond$1ere era 'tal!n!'tG darG Dn a1elaN! t!m2G "oarte romEne'1G ado2tDnd $n 1$r'
2ol!t!1 !nde2endent "aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I. ?ol!t!1a noa'trI "aCI de CIr!le d!n E't$l E$ro2e! era
2ol!1entr!'tI. 5o! tratam "!e1are d!ntre CIr!le 1om$n!'te 1a N! 1$m ar "! "o't !nde2endentIG to1ma!
2entr$ a Dn1$raMa !nde2endenCa lor. RomEn!! demon'tra'erI 1I dIdea$ 2r!or!tate !ntere'elor
naC!onale. Cea$Ne'1$ d$1ea tratat!ve 2entr$ 1$m2IrareaG d!n O11!dentG a te.noloH!e! !nd$'tr!ale de
$lt!mI orIG "IrI 'I 1earI a2robarea 0o'1ove!. ?entr$ 1a 'I 2oatI 2lIt!G el a eL2ortat Dn O11!dent
or!1e 2rod$' 1are avea 1I$tareG 1$m ar "! 2etrol N! HrD$.
Re2orter3 RomEn!a era o CarI aHr!1olIG ad!1I o CarI 1are "$rn!-a o 1ant!tate mare de 2rod$'e
al!mentare.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 =ntrFadevIr. ?entr$ 1I RomEn!a are $n 'ol "ert!lG 'e 1$lt!va Dn '2e1!al HrD$. 8e
a'emeneaG Dn CIr!le ve't!1e era 2romovat t$r!'m$l Dn RomEn!aG 2entr$ 1I a't"el 'e obC!nea$ dolar!G
mIr1!G "ran1! N! alte monede 1onvert!b!le. ReH!m$l Cea$Ne'1$ a re1$r'G "IrI n!1! $n "el de '1r$2$leG
N! la vDn-area oamen!lorG Dn '2e1!al a evre!lor. =n a1ea 2er!oadIG ma! era$ Dn1I de't$! evre! Dn
RomEn!aG !ar 6'rael$l dorea 1a a1eNt!a 'I em!Hre-e. V$'e'e orHan!-at $n '!'tem 2r!n 1are evre!!
2lItea$ $n 2reC 2entr$ "!e1are em!Hrant 1are avea 2erm!'!$nea 'I 2le1e Dn 6'raelG tre1Dnd Dn'I 2r!ntrF
$n laHIr d!n 6tal!a. ?reC$l era 'tab!l!t Dn "$n1C!e de 'eLG 2ro"e'!$neG ed$1aC!e. 6ar !'rael!en!! lFa$ 2lIt!t.
La !eN!rea d!n CarIG evre!lor l! 'e 1on"!'1a$ toate ob!e1tele de valoare. :! Herman!! 1are em!Hra$
2lItea$G deN!G d$2I 1Dte Nt!$ e$G n$ eL!'ta $n 2reC 'tab!l!t 2entr$ e!. 8$2I rI-bo!G a$ eL!'tat m$lte
"am!l!! de'2IrC!te Dn 1om$n!tIC!le Hermane d!n RomEn!aG 1are trI!a$ a1olo de 'e1ole.
Re2orter3 C$m aC! de'1r!e d!"erenCele d!ntre relaC!!le 2e 1are le aveam 1$ 6$Ho'lav!a l$! 9!to N!
1ele 1$ RomEn!aU 9!to Dntrer$2'e'e de m$lt leHIt$ra 1$ ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I N! no! aveam relaC!! de't$l
de 'trDn'e 1$ el.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 ?e 9!to lFam '$'C!n$t e1onom!1 m$lt t!m2 N! Dn m$lt ma! m$lte "el$r! d$2I 1e 'F
a de-!' de Stal!nG d!n a1eleaN! mot!ve 2entr$ 1are lFam '$'C!n$t N! 2e Cea$Ne'1$. 9!to a a11e2tat
'2r!M!n$l ?lan$l$! 0ar'.all DntrFo 2er!oadI Dn 1are Cara 'a era membrI a Blo1$l$! Sov!et!1. 8e
a'emeneaG 9!to a "o't l!der$l N! orHan!-ator$l 0!N1Ir!! de 5eal!n!ere. 5$ 1red 1I Cea$Ne'1$ ar "!
DndrI-n!t vreodatI 'I 'e alIt$re a1ea'te! orHan!-aC!!G 1are 'e a"la Dn 1$lmea Hlor!e!G dar el a Dn1er1at
'IFl !m!te 2e 9!toG 'tab!l!nd relaC!!l b!laterale 1$ or!1!ne dorea 'I o "a1I N! de 2e or!1are 1ont!nent.
&m a"lat 1I Cea$Ne'1$ "$'e'e "olo'!t de C.!na dre2t !ntermed!ar 2entr$ a ne tran'm!te $n$l 'a$ do$I
me'aMe 'e1rete Dn 2roblema @!etnam$l$!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #12%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (92)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF124
2/
to2new' F 20 &$H$'t 2014
Carl $. %astia&i (2) ata7at !-o&omi- al
$masad!i SU$ la %u-ur!7ti (9:C<49:CG)
Re2orter3 @I roH 'I ne vorb!C! de'2re amba'adI.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 & "o't $n 2o't d!"!1!l.
&mba'ada 'e a"lI Dn a1eeaN! 1lId!re 2e 1are o
2rel$a'erIm d$2I rI-bo!. E'te !-olatIG !ar
romEn!! avea$ 2ro2r!$l 1or2 2ol!C!ene'1 de 2a-I.
8e "a2tG 2ol!C!Nt!! D! Dm2!ed!1a$ 2e oamen! 'I
!ntre Dn amba'adI. 8!n 1a$-a 2ol!t!1!! de !nde2endenCI "aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG m!Fam dat 'eama
1I 'ov!et!1!! era$ $rmIr!C! la "el de m$lt 1a N! no!. Ca N! maMor!tatea altor CIr! 'o1!al!'teG romEn!! n$
1olabora$ 1$ 0o'1ova la n!vel m!n!'ter!al. 8arG Dn a1elaN! t!m2G Cea$Ne'1$ 'e 1om2orta "aCI de
2o2or$l 'I$G 1.!ar N! Dn an!! X60G ma! d!1tator!al de1Dt 'ov!et!1!!. ?ol!C!a Se1retI era eLtrem de br$talI.
La amba'adI era anHaMat 1a trad$1Itor $n '1r!!tor romEnG &leLandr$ 6va'!$1. ?re'$2$n 1I "$'e'e
tr!m!' 'I ra2orte-e Serv!1!!lor Se1rete 1e "I1emG darG 2entr$ no!G a "o't o '$r'I ne2reC$!tI de
!n"ormaC!!. VIrI Dndo!alI 1I a "o't d!-!dentG dar a 2$bl!1at 1Dteva romane N! a deven!t $n '1r!!tor
ren$m!t. C.!2$r!leG a m$r!t Dn 1977G la 1$trem$r$l 1are a lov!t RomEn!a.
Re2orter3 ?$teaC! 'I 1IlItor!C! "IrI a2robareU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 EL!'ta$ -one Dn1.!'e. 9reb$!a 'I obC!nem 2erm!'!$nea 2entr$ a 1IlItor! Dn
d!ver'e -one. 8e'!H$r 1I m!N1Ir!le ataNaC!lor noNtr! m!l!tar! era$G Dn mod '2e1!alG $rmIr!te. 8ar toatI
a1ea'tI 2a-I n$ 'e datora "a2t$l$! 1I era$ DnHr!MoraC! 1I no! am "! '2!onatG 1! 2entr$ 1I n$ avea$
Dn1redere Dn a! lor. 5$ 'e dorea 1a oamen!! lor 'I !ntre Dn 1onta1t 1$ d!2lomaC!! o11!dental!.
Re2orter. &C! av$t vre$n 1onta1t 1$ d!2lomaC!! 'ov!et!1!U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 8$2I 1Dte Nt!$G n$ am av$t n!1! $n "el de 1onta1t 1$ e!.
Re2orter3 8arG de'!H$r 1I n$ era$ tr$2e 'ov!et!1e Dn RomEn!a.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 &veC! dre2tate. 6ar Cea$Ne'1$ a "I1$t tot$l 1a 'I "!e '!H$r 1I n$ 'e vor ma!
Dntoar1e. Era de't$l de b$n la Hen$l I'ta de manevre.
Re2orter3 Ce "el de !n"ormaC!! 2r!meaC! la amba'adI de'2re 1$2l$l Cea$Ne'1$U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 ?DnI la 2le1area meaG Dn 1968G Elena Cea$Ne'1$ n$ aM$n'e'e nr. 2 Dn 1ond$1erea
CIr!!. ?entr$ 1I Cea$Ne'1$ a ado2tat o at!t$d!ne de !nde2endenCI "aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG no! lFam
'$'C!n$t O Nt!C! 2roverb$l3 d$Nman$l d$Nman$l$! me$ e'te 2r!eten$l me$. &Na 1IG la Dn1e2$tG !Fam
a1ordat Cla$-a 5aC!$n!! Cele! ma! Vavor!-ate 2entr$ a Dn1$raMa '1.!mb$r!le 1omer1!ale d!re1te
d!ntre no!. @Fam '2$' 1I el dorea 'I a1.!-!C!one-e te.noloH!e modernI la 1.e!e. 8arG aNa 1$m a
remar1at re2re-entant$l Herman al $ne! "!rme3 JVa2t$l 1I eL!tI $n 2!an mar1a Ste!nway Dn 1a'IG n$
Dn'eamnI 1I m$-!1a 2e 1are o va !nter2reta 1!neva va '$na b!neK. El 'e Dndo!a 1I romEn!! vor "! Dn
'tare 'I 2$nI Dn "$n1C!$ne ob!e1t!vele !nd$'tr!ale. 8ar Cea$Ne'1$ n$ ar "! a11e2tat te.noloH!e de
mDna a do$a. 9otdea$na o 1I$ta 2e 1ea de $lt!mI HeneraC!e.
Re2orter3 Ce alte l$1r$r! !ntere'ante de'2re Nederea dv'. Dn RomEn!a ne ma! 2$teC! '2$neU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 ?entr$ re1reereG amba'ada Dn1.!r!a'e o v!lI la S!na!aG lDnHI BraNovG o 'taC!$ne
d!n 0$nC!! B$1eH!G $nde 'e 2ra1t!1a$ '2ort$r!le de !arnI. &mba'ada 2lItea 1.!r!a N! ne d$1eam Dn
weekFendF$r!G 2e rDndG 1$ "am!l!a. @!la a2arC!n$'e $n$! "$n1C!onar de ranH Dnalt al reHel$!G 'e1retar$l
'I$ 2er'onalG da1I Dm! am!nte'1 1ore1t O 1a'tel$l reHel$! 'e a"la Dn a2ro2!ere O N! era de't$l de mare
2entr$ a HI-d$! do$I "am!l!! Dn a1elaN! t!m2. La S!na!aG "!!1ele noa'tre a$ DnvICat 'I '1.!e-e. &1e'te
eL1$r'!! 'Dnt am!nt!r! "oarte 2lI1$te.
Re2orter3 CDnd aC! 2le1at d!n RomEn!aU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 &m 2IrI'!t RomEn!a Dn 1968. &m l$1rat a1olo de la m!Mlo1$l l$! 196/ 2DnI Dn
a$H$'t 1968.
26
Re2orter3 =n 1969G aC! Dn1e2$t 'I l$1raC! la 8e2artament$l de :t!!nCI N! Cer1etare de la Ca'a &lbIG
1a anal!'t 2entr$ RomEn!a N! &lban!a.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 8aG am l$1rat a1olo 1am 1 an.
Re2orter3 @FaC! o1$2at de do! d!1tator!G $n$l d!n &lban!a N! alt$l d!n RomEn!a3 Cea$Ne'1$ N!
Enver (odMa.Carl &. Ba't!an!3 &1eNt! do! l!der! JmaL!moK 'e 1om2orta$ 1a N! Stal!n. E! 1ond$1ea$
tot$l. 9oatI l$mea 'e 2lo1onea Dn "aCa lorG 2entr$ 1I era 2er!1$lo'G 1.!ar d!n 2$n1t de vedere "!-!1G 'IF
! 1ontra-!1!. =n 1eea 1eFl 2r!veNte 2e Cea$Ne'1$G el D! $ra 2e r$N!. &m a$-!t d!ver'e 2oveNt!G 2r!ntre
1are DntrF$na 'e '2$nea 1I $n tDnIr romEnG v!!tor 1ond$1Itor al CIr!! 'aleG 1are 'e a"la la 0o'1ova
2entr$ a DnvICaG a "o't bIt$t de 1oleH!! 'I! r$N!. Cea$Ne'1$ avea $nele d!"!1$ltIC! de 2ron$nC!eG !ar
l$mea '2$nea 1I a'ta 'e datora "a2t$l$! 1I .$l!Han!! D! "ra1t$ra'erI mand!b$la. 9reb$!e 'I '2$n 1IG la
vremea a1eeaG era "oarte 1$raMo'. &m a$-!t 1I la $na d!ntre 1on'$ltIr!le neob!Nn$!te 2e 1are BreMnev
leFa av$t 1$ 1ond$1Itor!! CIr!lor 'atel!t la 0o'1ovaG a1e'ta lFa doMen!t 2e Cea$Ne'1$ 1I n$ !Far "!
1er$t a2robarea 'I 2oarte neHo1!er! 1omer1!ale 1$ )erman!a O11!dentalI. JC$m de DndrI-neNt!UKG lF
a DntrebatG !ar Cea$Ne'1$ !Fa rI'2$n'3 J;!teG aNaK.
SFa r!d!1atG a !eN!t d!n 1amerIG 'Fa d$' d!re1t la aero2ort N! 'Fa Dntor' la B$1$reNt!. 6nde2endenCa
RomEn!e! era realI. S1o2$l no'tr$ era 'I 'lIb!m leHIt$r!le 1$ ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I. Sov!etele avea$ $n
2lan mIreC 2entr$ d!v!-!$nea 'o1!al!'tI a m$n1!!. =n 1adr$l C&ERG o an$m!tI CarI 'e '2e1!al!-a DntrFo
an$m!tI !nd$'tr!eG o alta DntrFo altI !nd$'tr!eG N! aNa ma! de2arte. ?ol!t!1a 2o'tbel!1I d!n CIr!le d!n
E't$l E$ro2e! re"le1taG 2ar1IG 2ro2r!a noa'trI 2ol!t!1I. 5o! am 1on'!derat 1I era ne1e'ar 'I 2$nem
ba-ele 5&9OG !ar e! a$ "ondat ?a1t$l de la @arNov!a. 5o! am orHan!-at 5&9OG 'a$G ma! b!neF-!'G
e$ro2en!! 'Fa$ 'trDn' '$b $mbrela ?!eCe! Com$neG !ar e! a$ "ondat C&ERF$l. S!nH$ra d!"erenCI era 1I
Dn @e't tot$l 'e "I1ea Dn mod vol$ntarG Dn t!m2 1e Dn E't tot$l era obl!Hator!$. 8e a'emeneaG no!
doream 1a CIr!le d!n '2atele Cort!ne! de V!er 'I neHo1!e-e d!re1tG Dn '2e1!al Dn domen!$l e1onom!1G
Dn t!m2 1e e! dorea$ 1a tot$l 'I "!e 1ontrolat de la 1entr$. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #1+%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (93)
to2new' F 21 &$H$'t 2014
Carl $. %astia&i ata7at !-o&omi- al
$masad!i SU$ la %u-ur!7ti (9:C<49:CG)
Re2orter3 ?e 9!toG no! lFam '2r!M!n!t 2e tot
2ar1$r'$l v!eC!! l$! 2entr$ 1I r$2'e'e relaC!!le 1$
0o'1ova. LFaC! 1on'!derat 2e Cea$Ne'1$ 1a 2e o
no$I Dntr$1.!2are a l$! 9!toU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 5$ Dm! ad$1 am!nte 'I "! vorb!t
de Cea$Ne'1$ Dn "el$l a1e'ta. 9!to 'Fa de-!'G Dn
mod de'1.!'G de 0o'1ova N! n$ a "o't n!1!odatI membr$ al ?a1t$l$! de la @arNov!a. Cea$Ne'1$ n$ a
2IrI'!t n!1!odatI ?a1t$lG 2entr$ 1I a1e't l$1r$ !Far "! "I1$tG 1red e$G 2e r$N! 'I !nvade-e RomEn!a. El
treb$!a 'I 'e l!m!te-e la 1eea 1e 2$tea DntrFadevIr 'I "a1I. 8ar am vI-$t 1I relaC!!le 2e 1are RomEn!a
le avea 1$ 6$Ho'lav!a era$ ma! b$ne de1Dt 1$ 1elelate CIr! d!n E't$l E$ro2e!G N! am ob'ervat 1I e!
1oo2era$G DntrFo oare1are mI'$rIG Dn an$m!te domen!!. =n 2ol!t!1a !nternIG 9!to n$ 'e 1om2orta atDt
de total!tar 1a Cea$Ne'1$. O altI CarI d!n blo1$l 'o1!al!'t 1$ 1are Cea$Ne'1$ 2$tea 1olabora Dn 1eea
1e 2r!veNte ne!ntervenC!a 'ov!et!1IG a "o't ;nHar!aG 1$ aNaFn$m!t$l 'I$ TH$laN 1om$n!'tK.
Re2orter3 ,adarU
27
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 8aG ,adar. &m 2$t$t ob'erva 1I atDt romEn!!G 1Dt N! $nH$r!!G 'Fa$ o2$' 2ol!t!1!lor
de neHo1!ere 1omer1!alI 1are "$'e'erI !m2$'e de 1Itre 0o'1ova t$t$ror CIr!lor 'o1!al!'te.
Re2orter3 Oare Cara noa'trI a Dn1.!' o1.!! Dn 1eea 1e 2r!veNte dre2t$r!le om$l$! 2entr$ 1IG Dn
2r!m$l rDndG RomEn!a DN! a"!rma !nde2endenCa "aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG N!G Dn al do!lea rDndG 2entr$
1I Dn1er1a 'I re-olve 2roblema evre!lorG 2erm!CDnd$Fle a1e'tora 'I 2le1e "!e Dn 6'raelG "!e Dn Statele
;n!teU Cred 1I a1e'te 2robleme a$ 2redom!nat Dn 2ol!t!1a noa'trI.
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 =m! ad$1 am!nte 1I 2roblema dre2t$r!lor om$l$! a deven!t ardentI ab!a 2e
vremea 2reNed!ntel$! Carter. =ntrFadevIrG ne 2reo1$2a$ 2roblemele leHate de dre2t$r!le om$l$! N! am
Dn1er1atG Dn mod 1on'tantG 'I re$n!m "am!l!!le de'2IrC!te. :! n$ am re1$no'1$t n!1!odatI al!2!rea
L!t$an!e!G Leton!e! N! a E'ton!e! la ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG am '2r!M!n!t H$vernele lor a"late Dn eL!l N! am
!m2$' 1a dre2t$r!le om$l$! 'I "!e o 1ond!C!e '!ne \$a non 2entr$ Dmb$nItIC!rea relaC!!lor d!re1te. 5o!
am a1ordat RomEn!e! 1la$-a naC!$n!! 1ele! ma! "avor!-ate Dn der$larea 1omerC$l$l$! !nternaC!onal.
&m mer' de't$l de de2arte Dn 1a-$l relaC!!lor 1$lt$raleG N! am av$t $nele d!aloH$r! 'e1rete 1$
romEn!!G Dn 1adr$l Serv!1!!lor de 6n"ormaC!!. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1I romEn!! era$ 2r!eten! b$n! 1$
1.!ne-!!G 1are le '$'C!nea$ demer'$r!le 2entr$ obC!nerea !nde2endenCe!. La $n moment datG 1.!ne-!!
neFa$ tran'm!' $n me'aM 2r!n 1are ne an$nCa$ 1IG da1I doream 'I re-olvIm Dn mod onorab!l
2roblema @!etnam$l$!G treb$!a 'I 1olaborIm 1$ e!. SI n$ avem Dn1redere Dn 'ov!et!1!. 5$ am vI-$t
n!1!odatI a1el me'aMG deN! Nt!am de eL!'tenCa l$!. ?re'$2$n 1I a "o't eL2ed!at d!re1t la Ca'a &lbI.
Re2orter3 8!n 2$n1t$l dv'. de vedereG 1$m a de1$r' v!-!ta l$! 5!LonU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 9ot$l 'Fa der$lat 2er"e1t. 5!Lon a "o't Dn'oC!tG 2robab!lG de Se1retar$l de la
0!n!'ter$l ComerC$l$! N! de $n$l 'a$ do! "$n1C!onar! de a1elaN! ranH.
Re2orter3 Ce alte !m2re'!! aC! av$t de'2re 1ond$1Itor!! N! lo1$r!le 2e 1are leFaC! v!-!tat Dn
RomEn!aU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 5aC!onal!'m$l l$! Cea$Ne'1$ a "o't '$'C!n$t emoC!onal de 1Itre 2o2or$l romEn.
8e la el!berarea de '$b t$r1!G romEn!! 'Fa$ mDndr!t 1$ "a2t$l 1IG l!mba N! 1$lt$ra lor DN! avea$
rIdI1!n!le Dn 6m2er!$l Roman. &r.!te1t$ra d!n 1entr$l B$1$reNt!lor era o re2l!1I a 1ele! d!n VranCa.
=m! am!nte'1 1e '2$nea $n d!2lomat "ran1e-3 TRomEn!! '$'C!n 1I B$1$reNt!$l e'te ?ar!'$l E't$l$!.
B!ne 1I n$ a"!rmI 1I ?ar!'$l e'te B$1$reNt!$l @e't$l$!K. 8a1I 2e vremea 1Dt am lo1$!t Dn B$1$reNt!
a1e'ta era $n oraN 1$ o 2o2$laC!e de 2e'te 2 m!l!oane de lo1$!tor!G !med!at 1e te Dnde2Irta! de 1entr$l
l$!G dIdea! de $n 'at 1eva ma! mare. La 2er!"er!a oraN$l$!G 'trI-!le n$ era$ 2avateG a2roa2e 1I n$
eL!'ta 1anal!-areG vedea! doar $n N!r ne'"DrN!t de 1a'e CIrIneNt!. &m v!-!tat @!enaG B$da2e'ta N!
B$1$reNt!!. VIrI Dndo!alI 1I @!ena "$'e'eG odatIG 1a2!tala $n$! mare !m2er!$. 6ar B$da2e'taG a do$a
1a2!talI a !m2er!$l$! &$'troF;nHarG "$'e'eG N! eaG $n oraN Dn"lor!tor. 8ar B$1$reNt!$lG 1are avea 1am
a1eeaN! 2o2$laC!eG n$ era de1Dt $n 'at ma! mare. 0aMor!tatea 2o2$laC!e! era 'Ira1IG $neor! 1.!ar ma!
'Ira1I de1Dt b$lHar!!.
Re2orter3 C$m era vI-$tI doamna Cea$Ne'1$U
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 =n 2er!oada 1Dt am l$1rat la amba'adIG n$ 1I2Ita'e atDt de m$ltI !m2ortanCI. :!
n$ a eL!'tat n!1! o dovadI 1I N!Far "! !n"l$enCat 'oC$l. S!'tem$l l$! Ce$Ne'1$ era de't$l de '!m2l$. =N!
aleHea oamen! !ntel!HenC! N! e"!1!enC! N! le 1erea 'I re-olve 2roblemele. 5otor!etatea l$! a a2Ir$t 1eva
ma! tDr-!$.
Re2orter3 =n 1980G Cea$Ne'1$ "I1ea l$1r$r! ter!b!le. Se nINtea$ 2rea m$lC! 1o2!! N! n!mIn$! n$ D!
2I'a de e!G !nd$'tr!a era d!'tr$'IG !ar oamen!! m$rea$ de "oame. Era$ a1e'te l$1r$r! v!-!b!le 1Dnd vI
a"laC! la 2o't Dn RomEn!aU
Carl &. Ba't!an!3 8a. Cea$Ne'1$ era $n om "IrI '1r$2$leG eL2loatDnd or!1e l$1r$ 1are ar "! 2$t$t
ad$1e val$tI "orte. &'ta Dn'emna 'IF! NantaMe-e 2e oamen! N! 'I red$1I la m!n!m$m n!vel$l de tra!.
Cred 1I tot$l 'Fa DnrI$tIC!t N! ma! tareG 1Dnd Cea$Ne'1$ a de1!' 'I 2lItea'1I '$mele de ban! 2e 1are
RomEn!a le datora CIr!lor N! bIn1!lor o11!dentale. La N1oalIG elev!lor l! 'e 1erea 'I 2reamIrea'1I
!nd$'tr!a RomEn!e! O 1.!ar N! 1ea ma! m!1I d!ntre "!!1ele meleG 1are 'e d$1ea la HrId!n!Ca HermanIG
venea a1a'I 1DntDnd 1Dnte1e de Hen$l JRomEn!a te !$b!mG 1oN$r!le tale "$meHI #UP%K. &'ta Dn'emna 1I
28
!nd$'tr!a "$n1C!ona. 5!mIn$! n$F! 2I'a de 2ol$are. 9otal!tar!'m$l era 2e'te tot. &Na 1$m am
menC!onat anter!orG '!t$aC!a era 1.!ar ma! HravI de1Dt Dn ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #14%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (9;)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF144
to2new' F 22 &$H$'t 2014
'arr( #. %ar&!s )r. *!f ad>u&-t al $masad!i SU$ la %u-ur!7ti (9:CG49:H9)
&mba'ador$l Barne' a $rmat 1$r'$r!le ;n!ver'!tIC!! Col$mb!aG d!n 5ew Sork. & !ntrat Dn
Sev!1!$l ELtern al 8e2artament$l$! de Stat N!G Dn 19/0G a 2le1at la 2o't la BombayG Dn 6nd!a. &lte
m!'!$n! a$ !n1l$' ?raHaG 0o'1ovaG ,atmand$ N! B$1$reNt!. & "o't amba'ador al Statelor ;n!te Dn
RomEn!a #1974F1977%[ 6nd!a #1981F198/% N! C.!le #198/F1996%. 6nterv!$l a "o't a1ordat Dn 2001.
Re2orter3 8!n X67 2DnI Dn X68 aC! l$1rat la 6n't!t$t$l de St$d!! ELterneG de la a'.!nHton.
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 0Fam .otIrDt 'I mI Dntor1 Dn E$ro2a de E't 2entr$ 1I a"la'em 1I
re2re-entanCa S;& d!n B$1$reNt! are nevo!e de $n Ne" adM$n1t. &Na 1IG Dn 1967G am reven!t la
a'.!nHton N!G t!m2 de $n anG am $rmat 1$r'$l de l!mbI romEnI la 6SE .
Re2orter3 Ce !m2re'!e aveaC! de'2re RomEn!a N! de'2re reH!m$l Cea$Ne'1$G 1are aM$n'e'e la
a2oHe$U
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$ 2rel$a'e 1ontrol$l Dn X6/. =n1I de la Dn1e2$tG a Dn1er1at 'I
'e d!'tanCe-e de re't$l CIr!lor 1are "I1ea$ 2arte d!n ?a1t$l de la @arNov!aG 1a N! 1$m RomEn!a ar "!
$rmat o 1ale d!"er!tI 1Itre 'o1!al!'m. El a de1!' 1I n$ 'e va 1on"orma 2$n1t$l$! de vedere al
'ov!et!1!lor a'$2ra rol$l$! 2e 1are RomEn!a Dl avea Dn C&ER #Com!tet$l de &M$tor E1onom!1
Re1!2ro1%G e1.!valent$l e1onom!1G 'I '2$nem aNaG al orHan!-aC!e! m!l!tare 5&9O #OrHan!-aC!a
9ratat$l$! &tlant!1$l$! de 5ord%. 8e eLem2l$G 'ov!et!1!! 1on'!dera$ 1I RomEn!a $rma 'I "!e o CarI
aHr!1olIG de a 1Ire! 2rod$1C!e treb$!a$ 'I bene"!1!e-e toate CIr!le 'o1!al!'teG darG Dn mod '2e1!alG
;RSSF$l. Cea$Ne'1$ Nt!a 1I aHr!1$lt$ra era $n$l d!ntre 2$n1tele "orte ale RomEn!e! N! n$ dorea 'I o
d!'tr$HIG darG Dn a1elaN! t!m2G 'e HDndea 1I Cara 'a n$ 2$tea 'I 2roHre'e-e d!n 2$n1t de vedere
e1onom!1 "IrI o !nd$'tr!e ma! 2$tern!1I de1Dt 1ea eL!'tentI 2e vremea a1eea. =n al do!lea rDndG S;&
Nt!a$ 1I RomEn!a era !ntere'atI 'I DN! d!ver'!"!1e leHIt$r!le 1$ alte CIr! N! 1I no$l reH!m dorea o
'1.!mbare Dn relaC!!le Dn mod trad!C!onal o't!le 1$ CIr!le membre 5&9O. Va2t$l 1I romEn!lor de etn!e
HermanIG 2re1$m N! evre!lor l! 'Fa 2erm!' 'I 2IrI'ea'1I RomEn!a a Dn'emnat $n l$1r$ "oarte
!m2ortant atDt 2entr$ Herman!G 1Dt N! 2entr$ 6'rael. ?robab!l 1I 'Fa Dn1er1at N! o Dmb$nItIC!re a
relaC!!lor 1$ C.!na. ?entr$ S;& era "oarte !m2ortant 1IG Dn !m2er!$l 'ov!et!1G eL!'ta o CarI 1areG 2areF
'eG dorea 'I $rme-e o 1ale d!"er!tI "aCI de 1elelalte CIr! d!n blo1$l 'ov!et!1G aNa 1IG Dn 2r!m!! an! a!
reH!m$l$! Cea$Ne'1$G 'tat$t$l m!'!$n!! noa'tre 'Fa '1.!mbatG leHaC!a deven!nd amba'adI. C$ a1ea'tI
o1a-!e a$ Dn1e2$t 'I "!e orHan!-ate 2roHrame de '1.!mb$r! 1$lt$rale N! e1onom!1e. Era deMa alt1eva.
Ca'a &lbI 1on'!dera 1I amba'ada treb$!a 'I orHan!-e-e a1C!$n! de 1oo2erare 1$ RomEn!aG 1eea 1e
era Dn bene"!1!$l ambelor CIr!. SI vI da$ $n eLem2l$G 1are a av$t o an$m!tI 'emn!"!1aC!e ma! tDr-!$.
&m $!tat an$lG 2oate era 2r!n 1968. ;n 1etICeanG 2e n$me R!1.ard 5!LonG a v!-!tat RomEn!a. & "o't
"oarte b!ne 2r!m!t de Cea$Ne'1$G !ar at!t$d!nea a1e't$!a "aCI de S;& a "o't "oarte b!nevo!toare.
Re2orter3 &C! l$1rat Dn RomEn!a d!n 1968 2DnI Dn ma! 1971. C!ne era amba'adorU
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 La Dn1e2$tG R!1.ard 8av!' #5ota ed!tor$l$!3 8av!' a "o't amba'ador d!n
de1embr!e 196/G 2DnI 2e 6 a$H$'t 1969G d$2I 1areG 2e 16 'e2tembr!e 1969G Leonard 0eeker N!Fa
2re-entat '1r!'or!le de a1red!tare. El N!Fa Dn1.e!at m!'!$nea Dn ma! 197+%.
29
Re2orter3 C$m era 8av!' 1a anba'adorU
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 &m l$1rat Dm2re$nI 1$ el la 0o'1ovaG 1Dnd (r$N1!ov era 'e1retar Heneral al
2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'t. Era o 2er!oadI de '1.!mbIr!. Ca d!2lomat amer!1anG n$ era! 2rea b!ne 2r!m!t Dn
;n!$nea Sov!et!1I. 8!1k 1$noNtea "oarte b!ne '!t$aC!a d!n E$ro2a de E't N!G ma! ale'G d!n ;n!$nea
Sov!et!1I.
Re2orter3 Ce 2Irere aveaC! de'2re reH!m$l Cea$Ne'1$U
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 &m aM$n' Dn RomEn!a la '"DrN!t$l l$! a$H$'t 1968 N!G do$I -!le ma! tDr-!$G 2e
20 a$H$'tG ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I a !nvadat Ce.o'lova1!a. Cea$Ne'1$ a den$nCat a1ea'tI a1C!$ne dre2t o
v!olare a leHIt$r!lor de 2r!eten!e d!ntre CIr!le 'o1!al!'te. Era $n l$1r$ ev!dentG 2entr$ 1I tr$2elor
'ov!et!1e l! 'e alIt$ra'erI "orCe 'emn!"!1at!ve d!n ?olon!aG ;nHar!a N! d!n alte CIr! e'tFe$ro2eneG 1$
eL1e2C!a RomEn!e! 1areG d$2I 2Irerea m$ltoraG 'Fa 1om2ortat 1!$dat. & do$a -! d!m!neaCaG mI a"lam
Dn 2!aCa d!n "aCa ?alat$l$! ReHalG !ar Cea$Ne'1$ vorbea d!n bal1on$l 1lId!r!! Com!tet$l$! Central N!
1ondamnaG Dn mod 2$bl!1G !ntervenC!a armatIG '2$nDnd 1I RomEn!a n$ va 2art!1!2a n!1!odatI la o
a't"el de !ntervenC!e. 5$ n$ma! 1I 2!aCa era DnCe'atI de oamen!G 1eea 1e era normal 2entr$ 1IG "!!nd o
CarI 1om$n!'tIG toatI l$mea treb$!a 'I "!e de "aCIG dar m$lC!mea lFa ovaC!onat 2e Cea$Ne'1$. 5$ 2ot
'a vI '2$n 1Dt era de reH!-at a1el J'2e1ta1olK. CredG tot$N!G 1IG mI1ar 2arC!alG a "o't o man!"e'taC!e
'2ontanIG !ar Cea$Ne'1$ a deven!t "oarte 2o2$lar. :!G a't"elG a$ "o't re2$'e 2e ta2et o m$lC!me de
1.e't!$n! leHate de relaC!!le romEnoFr$'eG 1a 'I n$ ma! vorb!m de 1ele romEnoF'ov!et!1e. =n
$rmItoarele 'I2tImDn!G no!G 1e! de la amba'adIG am Dn1er1at 'I H.!1!m 1e 'e va DntDm2la 1$
RomEn!aG 1are l$a'e a1ea'tI 2o-!C!e. Era "oarte 1lar 1I romEn!! n$ 2$tea$ 1ont!n$a a't"elG ma! ale'
1IG !med!at d$2I a1e't even!mentG 'e -vonea 1I la Hran!Ca RomEn!e! "$'e'erI 1on1entrate tr$2e
'ov!et!1eG 1are ar "! $rmat 'I !nvade-e Cara. 6med!at 'Fa$ orHan!-at 1entre de re1r$tare 2entr$
vol$ntar!. &Na a$ l$at "!!nCI )Ir-!le ?atr!ot!1eG $n "el de m!l!C!e 1!v!lI. La 2+ a$H$'tG de -!$a
naC!onalI a RomEn!e!G a$ 2art!1!2at N! $n!tIC! ale )Ir-!lor ?atr!ot!1e. 8$2I do$I 'I2tImDn!G
Cea$Ne'1$ a deven!t ma! reC!n$t Dn de1laraC!!G 2$nDnd a11ent ma! ale' 2e 2o-!C!a '!nH$larI a
RomEn!e!G '1o2$l 2r!n1!2al al 2art!d$l$! "!!nd 'at!'"a1erea nevo!lor 2o2or$l$! romEnG aNa 1I temerea
1I RomEn!a $rmea-I 'I "!e !nvadatI de 'ov!et!1! 'Fa aten$at 1on'!derab!l. Cea$Ne'1$ a "olo'!t
2o2$lar!tatea de 1are Dn1e2$'e 'I 'e b$1$reG relaLDnd '!'tem$l de '$2raveH.ere !m2$' 2e'te tot.
&'t"elG Dn med!$l 1$lt$ral 'Fa 2$t$t vorb! m$lt ma! de'1.!' de'2re 2o-!C!a RomEn!e! Dn 1a-$l
Ce.o'lova1!e!G !ar Dn 2re'I a$ a2Ir$t art!1ole de'2re valor!le $maneG Dn Heneral et1. 8e a'emeneaG 'F
a ob'ervat o oare1are de't!ndere Dn 1eea 1e 2r!veNte 1IlItor!!le Dn 'trI!nItate. 9entat!ve "$'e'erI
"I1$te N! d$2I an!! 196/G dar a1$m era 1$ tot$l alt1eva. &m ob'ervat o ma! mare dor!nCI de a HI'!
modal!tIC!! de 1oo2erareG 1.!ar da1I n$ma! '!mbol!1eG 1$ CIr!le o11!dentale neal!n!ate N! o ma! mare
atenC!e "aCI de relaC!!le 1$ C.!na.
Re2orter3 8v'. aC! l$1rat Dn RomEn!a 2DnI Dn 1971G Dna!nte 1a reH!m$l Cea$Ne'1$ 'I 'e tran'"orme
DntrF$n mod atDt de br$tal.
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 &veC! dre2tate. 8ar a$ eL!'tat n!Nte eta2e. 8e eLem2l$G Dn a$H$'t 1969G
5!Lon a 'o'!t Dn RomEn!a. & 'tat Dn B$1$reNt! a2roL!mat!v 24 de ore. &'ta 'e DntDm2la 1am d$2I $n
an de la !nvadarea Ce.o'lova1!e!. Va2t$l 1I RomEn!a !nv!ta'e $n 2reNed!nte amer!1an N! 1I a1e'ta
a11e2ta'eG !Fa "I1$t 2e r$N! 'I 'trDmbe d!n na'. 5!Lon a av$t o 2r!m!re "$lm!nantI. SFar 2$tea 1aG DntrF
o oare1are mI'$rIG N! a1ea'tI 2r!m!re 'I "! "o't reH!-atIG dar ea a re2re-entat o breNI Dn l$mea
1om$n!'tIG 1.!ar da1I n$ma! $na '!mbol!1IG !ar me'aM$l a "o'tG de a'emeneaG eLaHerat de romEn!G atDt
1a 'en'G 1Dt N! 1a !m2l!1aC!!. SI vI eL2l!1. =n1I d!n $lt!mele l$n! ale 1el$! de al 66Flea rI-bo! mond!alG
romEn!! '2era$ 1I vor ven! amer!1an!! N! 1I D! vor 'alva de 'ov!et!1!. 8ar a'ta n$ 'Fa DntDm2lat. ;n$l
d!ntre la!tmot!vele 1are 'e 2$tea$ a$-! Dn RomEn!a an!lor X48FX/0 era Ja$ ven!t amer!1an!!UK. @!-!ta
l$! 5!Lon a dat !m2$l' N! 1reNter!! 1on'!derab!le a '1.!mb$r!lor e1onom!1e. &m av$t o eL2er!enCI
$n!1I Dn t!m2$l v!-!te! l$! 5!Lon. C$ do$IG tre! -!le Dna!nte de 'o'!rea l$!G 8!1k 8av!' mFa 1.emat N!
m!Fa '2$'3 J9o1ma! am 2r!m!t $n me'aM de la 1ond$1erea 2art!d$l$! 1I vor $n tran'lator amer!1an.
9$ eNt! a1elaK. ?r!ma var!antI "$'e'e 1a tran'lator$l 'I "!e amer!1an de or!H!ne romEnIG darG Dntre
t!m2G 2art!d$l a de1!' 1I doreNte $n amer!1an HetFbeHet. &Na 1I a treb$!t 'I 'ta$ lDnHI 5!Lon O 2e
e'trada de la aero2ort O N! 'I trad$1 d!'1$r'$l l$! Cea$Ne'1$G 2e 1are Dl a$-eam 2entr$ 2r!ma oarI.
+0
#@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B :t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #1/%
*tiri
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (9<)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF1/4
:t!r! F 2/ &$H$'t 2014
(arry ). Barne' *r. #2%
:e" adM$n1t al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#1968F1971%
Re2orter3 Ce !m2re'!e aveaC! de'2re Cea$Ne'1$U
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 =n a"ara $nor l$1r$r! 2re1!'e
de 1are Dm! ad$1 am!nteG e'te Hre$ 'I "a1 o
del!m!tare Dntre 1eea 1e 'Fa DntDm2lat 1Dnd eram
Ne" adM$n1t al 0!'!$n!!G ad!1I Dntre X68 N! X71G N! even!mentele d!ntre an!! 1974F1977. 8e eLem2l$G
Cea$Ne'1$ a v!-!tat &mer!1a de 1Dteva or!G !ar e$ lFam Dn'oC!t 1a tran'lator. ?r!ma v!-!tI a av$t lo1 Dn
an!! X70G N! Dn1I $naG 'a$ do$IG $lter!orG aNa 1I !m2re'!!le mele 'Dnt re-$ltat$l eL2er!enCelor 2e 1are
leFam av$t "!e Dn t!m2$l v!-!telorG 1Dnd eram tran'latorG "!e 1Dnd D! Dn'oCeam 2e $n!! d!2lomaC!
amer!1an! la DntDln!r!le o"!1!ale 1$ Cea$Ne'1$. ;neor!G Cea$Ne'1$G Dn 1al!tatea 'a de 'e1retar Heneral
al 2art!d$l$!G ne 2r!mea la Com!tet$l Central. &lteor!G v!-!tele avea$ lo1 la 2alat$l 2re-!denC!alG
2entr$ 1I el era N! 2reNed!ntele Con'!l!$l$! de Stat. 6atI 1Dteva !m2re'!! Henerale. ?Irea 'I n$ 'e
Dndo!a'1I de 1a2a1!tatea l$! !ntele1t$alI N! 1redea 1I le Nt!e 2e toate. SDnt 1onv!n' 1I era la 1$rent 1$
toate d!"!1$ltIC!le 2r!n 1are tre1ea RomEn!a. =! 2lI1ea 'I vorbea'1I. 5$ avea o m!nte !'1od!toare N!
era '!H$r 2e '!ne O 2robab!l 1I Nt!a eLa1t 1e N! 1Dt era ne1e'ar 'I Nt!e. =n1er1a 'I HI'ea'1I '$b!e1te
1om$neG 2entr$ 1I am !m2re'!a 1I el 1redea 1I atDta t!m2 1Dt 1onvorb!r!le 'e l!m!ta$ la l$1r$r! de
!ntere' HeneralG tot$l era Dn avantaM$l 'I$.
Re2orter. Cred 1I n$ era o 2er'oanI 1$ !de! "!Le. ?re'$2$n 1I era Dn1onM$rat de 2er'oane 1are n$
Dl 1ontra-!1ea$ delo1.
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 ;n!! Dl 1on'!dera$ ma! deHrabI ab!l de1Dt deNte2tG 'a$ Dntel!Hent. 8ar era
de't$l de !ntel!Hent Dn1Dt 'IFN! dea 'eama 1I n$ 2$tea 'I n$ C!nI 'eama de 2Irer!le !nterlo1$tor!lor 'I!G
'a$G Dn $nele 1a-$r!G 'I n$ "!e de a1ord 1$ 1eea 1e '2$nea oa'2etele re'2e1t!v.
Re2orter3 Ce ne 2$teC! '2$ne de'2re mod$l Dn 1are 1ond$1ea CaraU :t!C! 1IG ma! tDr-!$G d!n 1a$-a
ord!nelor 2e 1are leFa datG a "o't 1on'!derat $n mon'tr$U
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 VIrI Dndo!alI 1IG 2entr$ 2o2or$l romEnG '!t$aC!a era m$lt ma! b$nI de1Dt 1ea
d!n an!! X/0 'a$ X60G deN! era$ 2$C!ne 'emne 1I 'Far "! '1.!mbat 1eva. =n 2er!oada !med!at $rmItoareG
a av$t lo1 !nvadarea Ce.o'lova1!e! N!G aNa 1$m am ma! '2$'G da1I Dn an$m!te 2r!v!nCe "$'e'erI
!m2$'e re'tr!1C!! m$lt ma! mar!G Dn alteleG 1$m ar "! Dn 1a-$l 1IlItor!!lor Dn a"ara CIr!!G 'a$
2o'!b!l!tatea de a !ntra Dn 1onta1t 1$ 2er'onal!tIC! d!n med!$l 1$lt$ral romEne'1G atmo'"era era m$lt
ma! relaLatI. =n ma! 1971G Cea$Ne'1$ a v!-!tat C.!na N! Coreea de 5ord. CDnd 'Fa Dntor'G 2Irea
"oarte !m2re'!onat de d!'1!2l!na 1are domnea Dn a1e'te CIr! 1ond$'e de 0ao 9-e 8$nH N!G re'2e1t!vG
,!m 6r Sen. =n 2er!oada ma! 1971 O mart!e 1974G 1Dnd am reven!t Dn RomEn!aG l$1r$r!le a$ Dn1e2$t
'I 'e DnI'2rea'1I. S!t$aC!a HeneralI era 1am a1eeaN!3 n!1! ma! b$nIG n!1! ma! rea de1Dt "$'e'e Dna!nte.
=n an!! X80G atmo'"era HeneralI a Dn1e2$t 'I 'e deter!ore-e.
Re2orter3 Ce ne 2$teC! '2$ne de'2re Elena Cea$Ne'1$U
+1
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 =n1etFDn1etG Elena a Dn1e2$t 'I "!e d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2re-entI 2e '1ena 2ol!t!1I
a RomEn!e!. 8a1I ar "! 'I Heneral!-e-G Dntre an!! 1968F1971G ea avea $n rol ma! m$lt de1orat!v. &
1IlItor!t 1$ Cea$Ne'1$ Dn Statele ;n!te N!G 1a 'I '2$n aNaG "I1ea 2arte d!n '$!ta l$!. =ntre an!! 1974F
1977G a Dn1e2$t 'I a!bI $n rol d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! !m2ortant Dn !erar.!a 2art!d$l$!. =n 1ea deFa do$a
2er!oadI Dn 1are am l$1rat Dn RomEn!aG am l$at 2arte la m$lt ma! m$lte neHo1!er! de1Dt Dn 2r!ma.
?reNed!nte era Dn1I R!1.ard 5!LonG darG d$2I 1Dteva l$n!G a "o't Dnlo1$!t de )erald Vord. &1e'ta a
v!-!tat RomEn!a o '!nH$rI datI N! a "o't Dn'oC!t de (enry ,!''!nHer. 8e data a1ea'taG 2$team ob'erva
o d!"erenCI. 5o! doream 'I aM$nHem la o DnCeleHere 1on1retIG n$ 'I rImDnem la l$1r$r! '!mbol!1e.
Cea ma! !m2ortantI 2roblemI era obC!nerea Cla$-e! 5aC!$n!! 1ele! ma! Vavor!-ate. ConHre'$l
amer!1an a2roba'e aNaFn$m!ta leHe *a1k'onF@an!kG 1are a1orda a1ea'tI 1la$-I Dn domen!$l 2ol!t!1!!
de !m!Hrare a CIr!lor 1are n$ "I1ea$ 2arte d!n ?!aCa Com$nI. CDnd a$ Dn1e2$t d!'1$C!!le 2entr$
a1ordarea 1la$-e!G Dn RomEn!a trI!a$ 1!r1a 100.000 de evre!. 5eHo1!er!le n$ a$ "o't $Noare[ N! m!Fam
dat 'eama 1I 1e! 1$ 1are d$1eam tratat!vele era$ ab!l!taC! 'I 'emne-e a1ord$lG aNa 1I n$ am bIt$t Dn
retraHere. =n 2er!oada Dn 1are am "o't amba'adorG am Dn1er1at 'IFl DntDlne'1 2e Cea$Ne'1$ or! de 1Dte
or! am 1on'!derat 1I treb$!a 'IF! ad$1 1eva !m2ortant la 1$noNt!nCI. 8arG Dn HeneralG am av$t
Dntreveder! 1$ m!n!'tr$l adM$n1t al ComerC$l$! N! 1$ m!n!'tr$l de ELterne. &m 2$rtat d!'1$C!! N! 1$ 1e!
d!n 1ond$1erea 2art!d$l$!G dar N! 1$ membr! a! )$vern$l$!G Dn '2e1!al 1$ 1on'!l!er$l Dn'Ir1!nat 1$
2robleme de 2ol!t!1I eLternI.
Re2orter3 Se vorbea 2e at$n1! de'2re Ba'arab!a N! Re2$bl!1a 0oldovaU 8$2I 1Dte Nt!$G a1e'te
do$I 2rov!n1!! romEneNt! "$'e'erI 1edate 'ov!et!1!lorG Dn 1940.
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 &'ta de2!nde de 1Dt de m$lt vreC! 'I vI Dntoar1eC! Dn t!m2. @Fam '2$' 1I am
2le1at la 5ew Sork 1a 'I $rme- 1$r'$r!le de ma'terat la ;n!ver'!tatea Col$mb!a. S$b!e1t$l l$1rIr!!
mele era Ba'arab!aG aNa 1I doream 'I a"l$ 1Dt ma! m$lte l$1r$r! de'2re a1e't ter!tor!$. =n te-a meaG
mI re"eream la ;n!reG 1$m o n$me'1 romEn!!. =n 1918G Ba'arab!a "I1ea 2arte d!n RomEn!a. &m
d!'1$tat 1$ 1DC!va !'tor!1! de'2re 2er!oada 1are mI !ntere'a N!G !m2l!1!tG de'2re 1eea 1e 'Fa DntDm2lat
Dn an!! a1e!aG dar n$ 2ot 'I '2$n 1I 'e d!'1$ta Dn mod de'1.!' de'2re a1e't l$1r$. :! a'taG d!n do$I
mot!ve. Era 2rea 2er!1$lo' 'I vorbeNt! de'2re a1e't '$b!e1t. C.!ar da1I ?o2or$l RomEn era dom!nat
de '2!r!t 2atr!ot!1G n$ era b!ne 'I r!d!1! 2roblema Ba'arab!e!. =n al do!lea rDndG 1e! ma! m$lC! romEn!
n$ 1redea$ DntrFo re-olvare "avorab!lI a a1e'te! d!'2$te.
Re2orter3 Ce ne 2$teC! '2$ne de'2re relaC!!le 1$ B$lHar!aU
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 :! Dn a1e't 1a-G era vorba tot de o 2roblemI ter!tor!alI. 0I re"er la
8obroHeaG la RI-boa!ele Bal1an!1e #1912F191+% N! la 6m2er!$l Otoman. LeHIt$r!le d!ntre RomEn!a
N! B$lHar!a n$ era$ 'trIl$1!teG deN! 'e 2I'tra o oare1are a2arenCI.
Re2orter3 ?ove't!C!Fne de'2re a1t!v!tatea amba'ade!.
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 E! b!neG aNa 1$m am ma! '2$'G 2$team 'I 1IlItor!m or!$nde doream. &tDta
t!m2 1Dt a$tomob!lele noa'tre avea$ 2lI1$Ce de Dnmatr!1$lare 'trI!ne N! atDta t!m2 1Dt M$1am 1!n't!tG
n$ era Hre$ 'I '2$! 1!ne eNt! N! $nde te d$1!. CDnd 'tItea! la .otelG arIta! 2aNa2ort$l d!2lomat!1.
V!reNte 1I era! $rmIr!tG dar tot$l era "I1$t 1$ d!'1reC!e.
Re2orter3 @enea$ t$r!Nt! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!aU
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 ?$C!n!G darG or!1$mG ma! m$lC! de1Dt Dn an!!X60. 8$2I "a!ma 2e 1are o
1I2Ita'e RomEn!a Dn 1968 N! d$2I 1ondamnarea !nvadIr!! Ce.o'lova1!e!G a1ea'tI CarI deven!'e 1.!ar
!ntere'antI. 8ar "a1!l!tIC!le t$r!'t!1e era$ red$'e.
Re2orter3 & eL!'tat vreo !ntera1C!$ne emoC!onalI Dntre 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$ N! R!1.ard 5!LonU
(arry ). Barne' *r.3 Cred 1I da. =n de'1r!erea 2e 1are !Fam "I1$tFo l$! Cea$Ne'1$ n$ am "olo'!t
1$vDnt$l JN!reten!eK. &m '2$' doar 1I era Jab!lK. Cred 1I era vorba de o oare1are '!m!l!t$d!ne Dntre
1e! do! N!G 2robab!l 1I N! e! N!Fa$ dat 'eama de a'ta. 8e a'emeneaG 1red 1IG DntrF$n an$m!t "elG 5!Lon
Dl adm!ra 2e Cea$Ne'1$ 2entr$ 1I DN! a2Ira'e 2o-!C!a Dn "aCa 'ov!et!1!lor N! 2entr$ 1I 'e b$1$ra de o
oare1are !nde2endenCI. E'te de't$l de Hre$ 'IFl M$de1! 2e Cea$Ne'1$G 2entr$ 1I n$ am av$t o1a-!a
'IFl DntDlne'1 Dn 2re-enCa alt$! Ne" de 'tat. 8a1I ar "! 'I "a1 o 2re'$2$nereG aN -!1e 1I el Dl adm!ra 'a$
+2
Dl re'2e1ta 2e 5!Lon O n$ 'Dnt '!H$r 1are e'te 1$vDnt$l 1ore1t O 1a 2ol!t!1!an. 5$ Nt!$ 1Dt de teme!n!1
1$noNtea Cea$Ne'1$ '!'tem$l de 1ond$1ere amer!1anG dar 1red 1I era 1onNt!ent de ab!l!tIC!le de
2ol!t!1!an ale l$! 5!Lon. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
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.& Rom/&ia (9C)
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*ay ,. ,at-en
&taNat 1omer1!al N! 1$ 2robleme de 2ol!t!1I
eLternI
La B$1$reNt! #1969F1971%
#16%
*ay ,. ,at-en a ab'olv!t ;n!ver'!tatea ?r!n1eton
Dn 19/8G N! a obC!n$t $n ma'terat la ;n!ver'!tatea
Sale. =n 19/9G a !ntrat Dn Serv!1!$l ELtern al S;& N! a l$1rat Dn &$'tral!aG B$r$nd!G RomEn!a N! 0al!.
6nterv!$l de ma! Mo' datea-I d!n !$n!e 1990.
Re2orter3 Ce 2o't$r! aC! o1$2at Dn RomEn!aU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 La Dn1e2$tG t!m2 de 9 l$n!G am "o't ataNat 1omer1!alG a2o! am "o't ataNat 2e
2robleme de 2ol!t!1I eLternI N!G Dna!nte de a 'o'! Dn RomEn!aG am $rmat $n 1$r' de DnvICare a l!mb!!
romEne. ;na d!ntre am!nt!r!le mele d!n t!m2$l m!'!$n!! Dn a1ea'tI CarI a "o't a1eea 1IG la n$ma! 2
'I2tImDn! de la 'o'!rea Dn B$1$reNt!G a av$t lo1 v!-!ta l$! R!1.ard 5!Lon. &Na 1IG 2er'onal$l
amba'ade! vorb!tor de l!mbI romEnI a treb$!t 'I "a1I "aCI $ne! DntDln!r! la n!vel DnaltG Hen de
even!ment la 1are n$ ma! l$a'erI 2arte 2DnI Dn a1el moment. & re2re-entat o eL2er!enCI $n!1IG
2entr$ 1I am vI-$t l$1r$r! 2e 1areG d$2I a1ea'tI v!-!tIG a "o't Hre$ 'I le ma! vedem.
Re2orter3 5e 2$teC! '2$ne 1are era '!t$aC!a Dn RomEn!a Dntre an!! 1969F1971U
*ay ,. ,at-en3 Cred 1I Cea$Ne'1$ era deMa la 2$tere de 4 an!. Era $n 1om$n!'t 2$tern!1G $n
2atr!ot 1areG 1el 2$C!n la Dn1e2$tG a 1on'!derat 1I ar 2$tea 'I 1a2ete o oare1are !nde2endenCI 2entr$
obC!nerea $nor !nve't!C!! N! der$larea $nor '1.!mb$r! 1omer1!aleG 1eea 1e ar "! Dn1$raMat e1onom!a N!
!nd$'tr!al!-area CIr!!G Dn t!m2 1eG Dn !nter!orG a menC!n$t $n 1ontrol 'tal!n!'t "oarte r!H!d. ;n 1ontrol
1are a !n1l$' $n a2arat mon'tr$o' al 'e1$r!tIC!! N! $n 1$lt al 2er'onal!tIC!! 1are a r!val!-at 1$ 1el d!n
B$lHar!a.
Re2orter3 ?r!n $rmareG 1$lt$l 2er'onal!tIC!! era a2roa2e de a2oHe$.
*ay ,. ,at-en3 C$ '!H$ranCI. 8o$I l$1r$r! ne "I1ea$ Nederea ma! 2lI1$tI. ?r!m$lG "a2t$l 1I
lo1$!am DntrF$n a2artament d!ntrF$n blo1 m$n1!tore'1. &l do!lea3 "!$l no'tr$G 9!mot.yG a "o't 2r!m$l
amer!1an Dn'1r!' DntrFo HrId!n!CI romEnea'1I. =m! am!nte'1 1$mG DntrFo -!G 9!mot.y a ven!t a1a'I N!
mFa Dntrebat de 1e l$1re-G 1Dnd era -!$a de naNtere a l$! Cea$Ne'1$. 8e a'emeneaG 'Fa HDnd!t 1I era 1Dt
'e 2oate de !ntere'ant 1I -!$a de naNtere a mea era to1ma! 2+ a$H$'tG 1are era 'IrbItoarea naC!onalI a
RomEn!e!. Com2ortament$l l$! Cea$Ne'1$ N! al 'oC!e! 'ale deveneaG 1$ tre1erea an!lorG d!n 1e Dn 1e
ma! 1$m2l!t.
Re2orter3 Care era$G la moment$l re'2e1t!vG !ntere'ele noa'tre Dn RomEn!aU :t!$ 1I tot$l a
1$lm!nat 1$ v!-!ta l$! R!1.ard 5!LonG $n l$1r$ de ne!maH!nat Dn E$ro2a de E't.
++
*ay ,. ,at-en3 6deea era 1IG 2r!n d!ver'!"!1area leHIt$r!lor e1onom!1eG 1$lt$rale N! !nd$'tr!aleG 'e
2$tea 1rea o reCea d!n 1are RomEn!e! D! era d!"!1!l 'I 'e ma! r$2IG !ar 'ov!et!1!! n$ 2$tea$ 'I o "orCe-e
'I !a'I. Era o 2o-!C!e 1areG d!n 2$n1t$l de vedere al RomEn!e!G 2$tea 'IF! ad$1I '2r!M!n Dn 2er!oada
a1eea o't!lIG 1Dnd 1ond$1Itor$l e! ale'e'e 'I 1r!t!1e N! 'I n$ 2art!1!2e la !nvadarea Ce.o'lova1!e! N!G
de a'emeneaG 'I 1ont!n$e 'I menC!nI relaC!!le 1$ 'tat$l 6'raelG 1are avea o leHaC!e Dn B$1$reNt!.
Re2orter3 CDt de m$lt a$ !n"l$enCat leHIt$r!le Statelor ;n!te 1$ 6'rael$l a1t!v!tatea noa'trI Dn
RomEn!aU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 Voarte 2$C!nG Dn mare 2arte d!n 1a$-I 1I 2o2$laC!a evre!a'1I 2le1a'e deMa. EL!'taG
Dn'IG o orHan!-aC!e rel!H!oa'I O VederaC!a Com$n!tIC!lor Evre!eNt! d!n RomEn!a O al 1Ire! 2reNed!nte
era rab!n$l 0o-e' Ro-enG o 2er'oanI "oarte a1t!vI Dn 1adr$l 2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'t. 8ar 'erv!1!!le
rel!H!oa'e n$ era$ Dn1$raMate. 8e "a2tG n$ 1red 1I eL!'ta$ 2rod$'e al!mentare 1$Ner N! n!1! 1antor!! n$
era$ Dn1$raMaC!. Cred 1IG da1I eL!'ta vre$n r!t$al evre!e'1G a1e'ta 'e o"!1!a 2e a'1$n'.
Re2orter3 =n 2er!oada Dn 1are aC! l$1rat la amba'adIG aC! av$t !m2re'!a 1I ar "! eL!'tat '2eranCa 1I
l$1r$r!le 'Far "! 2$t$t '1.!mba Dn b!neU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 Cred 1I a "o't o 2er!oadI 2l!nI de o2t!m!'m. :! aveam 'ent!ment$l 1I romEn!! 'e
b$1$rI 1I 2ot 1oo2era 1$ no!. 8e eLem2l$G no! leFam "$rn!-at $nele mater!ale de 1on'tr$1C!! d$2I o
2r!mIvarI ter!b!lIG 1$ !n$ndaC!!. &m orHan!-at N! eL2o-!C!!G tDrH$r! et1. 8ar eram $rmIr!C! neDn1etatG
1eea 1e 2entr$ amer!1an!G 2entr$ v!-!tator!G avea a'2e1t$l $ne! "ar'e. 8e eLem2l$G 1Dnd !n'talaC!a de
a2I 'e 'tr!1aG Dn1e2ea! 'I 'tr!H! tareG Dn1Dt 'I te a$dI N! 2ereC!!G 1I e'te 1lar 1I !n'talaC!!le 'o1!al!'te n$
2ot "$n1C!ona. 8$2I o orI 'a$ do$IG ?o2e'1$G !n'talator$lG DC! bItea la $NI. 9o1ma! J'e DntDm2la'eK 'I
trea1I 2e a1olo. Sa$G 1.!ar Dna!nte de a 2le1a d!n RomEn!aG am "I1$t o '!m2lI remar1I. &m '2$' 1Dt
de tare am 2$t$tG 1I o an$m!tI 2er'oanI "$'e'eG "IrI Dndo!alIG are'tatI N! 1I era 2I1at 1I n$ ne
2$team l$a la revedere. & do$a -! de d!m!neaCaG 1a 2r!n m!n$neG 2er'oana re'2e1t!vI 'e a"la Dn "aCa
$N!!G 1am 2al!dIG e dre2tG 1$ $n 2$del. 9o1ma! !eN!'e la 2l!mbareP 8ar traHed!a era 1I Dn t!m2 1eG
2entr$ no!G a1ele DntDm2lIr! era$ r!d!1oleG 2entr$ romEn! a$ "o't N! a$ 1ont!n$at 'I "!e traH!1e.
Re2orter3 EL!'ta Dn 2er!oada re'2e1t!vI $n 2roHram v!-Dnd dre2t$r!le om$l$!U & Dn1er1at
&mba'ada S;& 'I aM$te an$m!te 2er'oane 'I 2IrI'ea'1I CaraU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 5o! 2re'am a$tor!tIC!le 1$ l!'te 1$ n$mele $nor 2er'oane 1areG "!e 1I avea$ d$blI
1etICen!eG "!e d!n alte mot!ve de2$'e'erI do1$mentele 2entr$ obC!nerea v!-elor de 2le1are d!n CarIG
dar n$ obC!n$'erI a2robarea. &Na 1I amba'ada 1ont!n$a 'I 2re-!nte a1ele l!'te o"!1!al!lor romEn!.
6ntervenC!!le noa'tre a$ av$t 1ea ma! mare am2loare 2e vremea adm!n!'traC!e! Carter.
Re2orter3 Care era$ relaC!!le dv'. 1$ o"!1!al!! romEn!U Era$ 1ord!aleU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 RelaC!!le era$ "oarte b$ne. 5e1a-$l era 1IG d$2I 1e ne DntDlneamG a1eNt!a era$
obl!HaC! 'I "a1I $n ra2ort 2entr$ Se1$r!tate N! 'I '2$nI tot 1e d!'1$ta'erI 1$ no!. =m! ad$1 am!nte $n
l$1r$ am$-ant. &mba'ador$l Leonard 0eeker D! doMenea 2l!n de $mor 2e romEn! 1I 'Dnt l!2'!C! de
re'2e1t "aCI de 1e! 1are D! a'1$lta$ N! le 2ro2$nea 1a d!'1$C!!le 'I a!bI lo1 d!m!neaCa 2entr$ 1IG
'2$nea elG JtoatI d$2IFma'a va treb$! 'I 2reHIt!C! ra2ort$lK. 8e'1.!derea "aCI de no! a "o't eLtrem de
v!-!b!lI Dn t!m2$l v!-!te! l$! R!1.ard 5!Lon. &t$n1!G o"!1!al!! amba'ade! 'Fa$ 2$t$t DntDln! 1$ m$lte
2er'onal!tIC! romEneNt!G 2e 1are alt"el n$ leFar "! 2$t$t 1$noaNte. 6arG 2e de altI 2arteG romEn!! 2$tea$
'I le eL2l!1e 'e1$r!Nt!lor 1I JlFam DntDln!t 2e Sm!t.G Dn t!m2$l v!-!tel l$! 5!LonG aNa 1IG d!n 1a$-a
a'taG a'earI neFam d$' la el a1a'IK.
Re2orter3 C$m 'Fa 1omentat Dn RomEn!a rI-bo!$l d!n @!etnamU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 =n 2er!oada de'2re 1are vorb!mG m!n!'tr$ de ELterne era Cornel!$ 0Ine'1$G $n
d!'t!n' d!2lomat 1are 'Fa n$mIrat 2r!ntre 1e! 1are lFa$ DnlIt$rat 2e Cea$Ne'1$ de la ?$tere. El vorbea
ade'ea de'2re rol$l de med!ator 2e 1are RomEn!a lFar "! 2$t$t M$1a Dn a1e't rI-bo!.
Re2orter3 Ce 2Irere aveaC! de'2re mod$l Dn 1are 'ov!etele a1C!ona$ Dn RomEn!aU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 &mba'ador$l 'ov!et!1G $n an$me Ba'ovG a ven!t DntrFo -!G a '$nat la amba'adIG a
bIt$t Dn $Na b!ro$l$! de re1e2C!e N! a '2$'3 J5$ am 'tab!l!tI o Dntrevedere. Cer 'I "!$ 2r!m!t de
amba'adorK. Cred 1I 'Fa DntDln!t 1$ Dn'Ir1!nat$l 1$ a"a1er! 1Ir$!a !Fa '2$'3 J@rea$ 'I Nt!$ de 1e
+4
amba'ador$l amer!1an la ?ar!' v!-!tea-I RomEn!aK. 6 'Fa eL2l!1at 1I a1e'ta "a1e o v!-!tI t$r!'t!1IG
dar a'ta n$ a av$t n!1! $n e"e1t a'$2ra l$!. Era membr$ al Com!tet$l$! Central. 8$2I $n t!m2G a
deven!t anba'ador Dn C.!leG 1Dnd Salvador &llende era Ne"$l )$vern$l$!. CDteva l$n! ma! tDr-!$G
Cornel!$ 0Ine'1$G m!n!'tr$l de ELterneG 1are a "o't 2reNed!ntele &d$nIr!! )enerale a 5aC!$n!lor
;n!teG a DntDln!tFo 2e amba'adoarea S.!rley 9em2le Bla1kG 1are "I1ea 2arte d!n deleHaC!a noa'trI la
$na d!ntre 'e'!$n!le &d$nIr!! )enerale. El a !nv!tatFo 'I v!-!te-e RomEn!aG $nde "$'e'e "oarte
2o2$larI Dna!nte de rI-bo!. Ba'ov a ven!tG d!n no$G la amba'adI N! 2$' o Dntrebare deFa dre2t$l
2ro'tea'1I3 J@rea$ 'I Nt!$ 1e "a1e 1o2!laFa1tr!CI amer!1an1I la B$1$reNt!K. Se 2are 1I el avea
!m2re'!aG 1I dom!naC!a 'ov!et!1I Dn RomEn!a #1areG de "a2tG n$ eL!'ta% eraG 2r!n a1e'te v!-!teG
Dn1Il1atI.
Re2orter3 E'te "oarteG "oarte 1!$datI a1ea'tI l!2'I de ta1t N! de DnCeleHere. EraC! la 2o't 1a ataNat 1$
2robleme de 2ol!t!1I eLternI DntrFo CarI 1om$n!'tI 1$ $n a2arat de re2re'!$ne eLtrem de d$r N! 1$ $n
1$lt al 2er'onal!tIC!! eLa1erbat. C$m re$NeaC! 'I vI Dnde2l!n!C! 'ar1!n!le de 'erv!1!$U
*ay ,. ,at-en3 O mare 2arte d!n t!m2 aveam 1onvorb!r! 1$ romEn!!G atDt 1$ 1e! d!n )$vernG 1Dt N!
1$ 1e! 1are n$ l$1ra$ a1olo 2entr$ 1IG la vremea a1eeaG n$ ne !nter-!1ea n!men! 'I o "a1em. 8a1I
1eea 1e a"lam eraG 'a$ n$G adevIratG a'ta e'te o altI 2roblemI. &m 1IlItor!t m$ltG N! am d!'1$tat 1$ o
m$lC!me de oamen!. &m vorb!t N! 1$ 2er'oane 1are l$1ra$ la alte amba'ade N! am Dn1er1at 'I "olo'e'1
!n"ormaC!!le 2e 1are le obC!neam.
Re2orter3 Ce !ntere'e avea Ca'a &lbIU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 VIrI Dndo!alI 1I a'.!nHton$l eraG Dn '2e1!alG !ntere'at de relaC!!le b!laterale
d!ntre RomEn!a N! 'ov!et!1!G N! de 1$m an$me le 2er1e2ea$ a1eNt!a d!n $rmI. Care era at!t$d!nea
Hr$2$l$! a"lat la 1ond$1erea CIr!!G 1e l$1r$r! merHea$ b!ne N! 1are merHea$ rI$G b$nI'tarea HeneralI a
2o2or$l$!G 1e rol avea &rmataG 1Dt de !m2ortant era rol$l Se1$r!tIC!!U C$m o d$1ea$ CIran!!G Dn
1om2araC!e 1$ b$1$reNten!!U S!t$aC!a m!nor!tIC!lor HermanI N! maH.!arI d!n RomEn!a N! 1$m era
re-olvatI. C$m era$ trataC! m!ner!!U =n a1ea 2er!oadIG Cea$Ne'1$ 1on'!dera 1I va obC!ne o ma! mare
!n"l$enCI 2e 2lan eLternG da1I va Dmb$nItIC! relaC!!le 1$ Na.$l 6ran$l$!. 0o.ammad Re-a ?a.lav! era
$n 2r!eten al S;& N! al 'tatelor d!n ve't$l E$ro2e!. Cam a'tea era$ l$1r$r!le 1are ne !ntere'a$G
2re1$m N! m!N1Ir!le "orCelor m!l!tareG Hrad$l de 2art!1!2are a RomEn!e! la o2eraC!$n!le N! manevrele
9ratat$l$! de la @arNov!a et1.
Re2orter3 &C! 2le1at d!n RomEn!a Dn an$l 1971G n$F! aNaU
*ay ,. ,at-en3 8a. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B :t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #17%
*tiri
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i
am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (9H)
0tt+122www.3iartri-olorul.ro2u&4s!rial4di&4-!4-!4mai4+al+ita&t4di+lomati4am!ri-a&i4
roma&ia49H2
tiri - 28 August 2014
&rt.$r . Lew!'
&taNat$l 1$lt$ral al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#1969F1972%
&mba'ador$l Lew!' 'Fa nI'1$t la 5ew Sork N! a
$rmat 8artmo$t. ColleHeG d!n 'tat$l 5ew
+/
(am2'.!re. =n 1968G a !ntrat Dn 'erv!1!$l eLtern al &HenC!e! de 6n"ormaC!! a Statelor ;n!te #;S6&% N!
a l$1rat la B$1$reNt!G L$'aka N! &d!' &bbebaG !ar d!n 198+ 2DnI Dn 1986 a "o't amba'ador$l S;& Dn
S!erra Leone. &1e't !nterv!$ a "o't real!-at Dn 1989.

Re2orter3 &C! "o't ataNat 1$lt$ral la B$1$reNt! Dn 2er!oada 1969F72. Ce re'2on'ab!l!tIC! aC! av$t
a1oloU
&rt.$r . Lew!'3 CDnd am aM$n' la B$1$reNt! vorbeam de't$l de b!ne l!mba romEnI. &m 2rel$at
!med!at 2roHram$l V$llbr!H.t de '1.!mb$r! Dn domen!$l Ed$1aC!e!. ?r!ntre 2r!mele l$1r$r! 2e 1are leF
am ob'ervatG a "o't a1ela 1I "oarte m$lC! 't$denC! romEn! era$ mar! !$b!tor! de Ma--G aNa 1I am "I1$t
e"ort$r! deo'eb!teG 2entr$ a ad$1e Dn RomEn!a 1DntIreC! de Ma-- amer!1an!. =n $rmItor!! tre! an! m!F
am "I1$t o adevIratI Dndeletn!1!re d!n a orHan!-a t$rnee 1$ Ma--man! amer!1an! Dn E$ro2a de @e't N!
a2o! Dn E'tG !n1l$'!v Dn RomEn!a. =n a1ea vremeG RomEn!a 'e de'1.!dea 1Itre O11!dentG 1I$ta
o2ort$n!tIC! 2entr$ aFN! !nten'!"!1a relaC!!le 1omer1!ale 1$ &2$'$l N! dorea 'I 'e debara'e-e de a1ea
eL2re'!e 2$'I 2e 'eama e! Dn tre1$tG de JHrDnar al E$ro2e!K. Reven!ndG !deea 1$ Ma--$l a "o't
a11e2tatI de a$tor!tIC!G 1.!ar da1I n$ 'e omora$ d$2I a1el Hen de m$-!1I. =n E$ro2a de E't 2e at$n1!
era alt"elG 2entr$ a1C!$n! 1$lt$raleG de or!1e HenG treb$!a 'I a! deFa "a1e 1$ !n't!t$C!! ale Stat$l$!. &m
m$n1!t m$lt 1$ a1ele !n't!t$C!!G am ad$' a1olo d!"er!te Hr$2$r! 1$lt$raleG n$ n$ma! de Ma-- 'a$
m$-!1aleG dar N! de teatr$ et1.G &mer!1a a deven!t m$lt ma! b!ne 1$no'1$tI de 2o2$laC!eG Dndeo'eb!
de t!neret. 8e alt"elG am l$1rat m$lt t!m2 1$ 't$denC!! d!n 1l$b$r!le $n!ver'!tare N! a1e't "a2t a "o't
2o'!b!lG 2entr$ 1I romEn!! $rmIrea$ 1$ adevIrat 'IFN! '1.!mbe or!entIr!le.
Re2orter3 E'te "oarte !ntere'ant 1e '2$neC!G 2entr$ 1I a'tI-!G Dn 1989G 1ond$1erea RomEn!e! e'te
$na Jd$rIK. 6atIG de1! 1IG Dn an!! X60 N! X70G RomEn!a re2re-enta '2eranCa E$ro2e! de E't N! merHea Dn
d!re1C!a Dn 1are evol$a'e N! 6$Ho'lav!a. C$m aC! l$1rat 1$ a$tor!tIC!le lo1ale la a1ea vremeG a$
1oo2eratG a$ 2Ir$t !ntere'ate de o"ertele dv.U
&rt.$r . Lew!'3 Cea$Ne'1$ a ven!t la 2$tere Dn 196/ N! 2e at$n1! 'Fa 1re-$t 1I va "! marele
el!beratorG marele Jde'1.!-Itor de dr$m$r!K 1Itre O11!dent. N! DntrFadevIr a "o'tG d!n 2$n1t de vedere
e1onom!1G dar d!n 2$n1t de vedere 'o1!al N! 1$lt$ral RomEn!a a 1ont!n$at 'I a!bI $n$l d!n 1ele ma!
re2re'!ve '!'teme !nterne d!ntre toate CIr!le e'tFe$ro2ene N!G 2er'onalG n$ 1red 1I a1ea'tI '!t$aC!e 'Fa
'1.!mbat vreodatI. &t$n1! 1Dnd am aM$n' N! e$ la B$1$reNt!G Dn 1969G a1ea'tI 'tare de l$1r$r! devenea
tot ma! ev!dentI N! ma! b!ne 1$noa'1$tI. ?robab!l 1IG 2e at$n1!G am 2r!v!t l$1r$r!le 1$ 2rea m$ltI
'2eranCI N! 1$ ma! 2$C!n real!'mG dar treb$!e 'I '2$nem 1IG la 1970G '2eranCa de '1.!mbare a "o't
2re-entI la amer!1an! n$ n$ma! Dn 2r!v!nCa RomEn!e!G dar N! Dn 1e 2r!veNte DntreH$l blo1 'ov!et!1.
Re2orter3 CredeaC!G Dn a1e! an!G 1I 2roHram$l 1$lt$ral era $n !n'tr$ment b$nG 1are aM$ta 'I 'e
2rod$1I '1.!mbareaU
&rt.$r . Lew!'3 C$ '!H$ranCIG 2entr$ 1IG deN! a$tor!tIC!le 1om$n!'te 'e'!-a$ !m2a1t$l 2$tern!1 al
1$lt$r!! N! mod!"!1Ir!le 2e 1are leFar "! 2$t$t 2rod$1eG ele a$ 2erm!'G Dn 1ont!n$areG '1.!mb$r!le
1$lt$rale. &m "o't martor la momente 1Dnd a1e'te '1.!mb$r! leFa$ Dn'2I!mDntat 2e a$tor!tIC!. 0!F
ad$1 am!nte de $n Hr$2 den$m!t JBloodG Sweat and 9ear'KG 1are a2roa2e 1I a 2rod$' o rI'1oalIG
a2roa2e 1I a$ "o't daC! a"arI d!n CarIG Dm2re$nI 1$ m!ne. )r$2$l a vr$t 'IFN! Dntrer$2I '2e1ta1olele
Dn RomEn!a d!n 2r!1!na re2r!mIr!! de 1Itre a$tor!tIC! a t!ner!lor a"laC! la 1on1ert$l lor. =n 2r!m$l rDndG
Hr$2$l 'e n$mIra 2r!ntre 1ele ma! b$ne d!n l$me la moment$l re'2e1t!vG 1Dnta$ de'2re $n "el de
l!bertate de 1are 'e b$1$ra t!neret$l d!n O11!dentG b!neDnCele' N! 1el d!n Statele ;n!teG m$-!1a lor
re"le1ta a1el d!nam!'m v!tal 1are ad$1ea &mer!1!! '1.!mbIr! 2ro"$nde. 9!ner!! d!n E$ro2a de E't
1$noNtea$ 1Dte 1eva d!n m$-!1a lor de la 2o't$l de rad!o J@o1ea &mer!1!!K. EnHle-a era l!mba
2re"eratI a E$ro2e! e't!1eG 2entr$ 1I era l!mba Nt!!nCe! N! a te.noloH!e!. =n a1e! an!G a1oloG l$mea
Dn1e2$'e 'I Nt!e 1I enHle-a eraG de a'emenea N! l!mba "!nanCelorG a e1onom!e!G !ar tot ma! m$lC! t!ner!
e'tFe$ro2en! Dn1e2$'erI 'I o DnveCe N! 'I o 1$noa'1I. 5$Fm! ad$1 am!nte de t!tl$l $nor an$me
1Dnte1eG dar ele era$ eLtrem de 2o2$lare N! t!ner!! dorea$ 'I le a'1$lte. 0!Fam!nte'1 1I e! a$ deven!t
atDt de HIlIH!oN!G 1I a$tor!tIC!le 'Fa$ $r1at 2e '1enI N! a$ Dn1er1at 'I o2rea'1I re2re-entaC!a. )r$2$l
m$-!1al a re"$-atG a2o! orHan!-ator!! 1on1ert$l$! a$ o2r!t 1$rent$l ele1tr!1G aNa 1I n$ 'e ma! a$-ea
n!m!1. 9ot$N!G e! n$ 'Fa$ o2r!t d!n 1Dntat N! at$n1! vreo 1/.000F20.000 de t!ner! 'Fa$ r!d!1atG a$ r$2t
+6
'1a$nele N! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I a2r!ndI "o1$r!. Eram a1olo N! mFam Dntrebat 1e am HreN!tG !ar Hr$2$l a l$at
.otIrDrea 'IFN! !ntrer$2I 1on1ertele Dn RomEn!a. &m 'tat de vorbI 1$ e! N! !Fam 1onv!n' 'I 1ont!n$e
t$rne$lG da1I H$vern$l n$ va ma! !nterven!. &m vorb!tG a2o!G 1$ !n't!t$C!a 1$lt$ralI re'2on'ab!lI N!
am 1I-$t de a1ord 1a ambele 2IrC! 'I o la'e ma! $NorG N! t$rne$l a 1ont!n$at. 6Fam "I1$t 'I 2r!1ea2I
1IG da1I el ar "! "o't Dntrer$2tG a'ta ar "! 1om2l!1at relaC!!le d!ntre Statele ;n!te N! RomEn!aG Dntr$1DtG
la $rma $rme!G Hr$2$l ven!'e la !nv!taC!a H$vern$l$! romEn. &2o!G ten'!$n!le a$ "o't el!m!nate N!
t$rne$l 'Fa Dn1.e!at 1$ b!ne. )r$2$l a 2le1at la @arNov!a N!G 2robab!lG a deven!t 2roblema altora.
Re2orter3 Ce !n'tr$1C!$n! aC! 2r!m!t de la a'.!nHtonU
&rt.$r . Lew!'3 0! 'Fa$ tran'm!' $rmItoarele3 TSI n$ 1$mva 'I '1a2! '!t$aC!a d!n mD!n!. E'te
2roblema ta N! 'I nFo '1a2! d!n mD!n!KG atDt. &mba'ador$l 0eeker a "o't !m2l!1at n$ma! 1olateralG mF
a lI'at 'IFm! "a1 me'er!a N!G Dn "!nalG am re-olvat Dm2re$nI '!t$aC!a. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #18%
to2new'
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (9G)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4d!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF184
topnews - 29 August 2014
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (9G)
Leonard 0eeker #1%
&mba'ador al S;& Dn RomEn!a
#1969F197+%
&mba'ador$l 0eeker a $rmat 8re2t$l la
;n!ver'!tatea (arvardG d$2I rI-bo! a l$1rat
2entr$ '1$rt t!m2 la m!n!'terele 9re-orer!e! N! *$'t!C!e!G !ar Dn 1946 a tre1$t la 8e2artament$l de Stat.
&1e't !nterv!$ a "o't real!-at Dn 1989.
Re2orter3 SI vorb!m de'2re RomEn!a. &C! "o't amba'ador a1olo d!n 1969G de la Dn1e2$t$r!le
adm!n!'traC!e! 5!LonG 2DnI Dn 197+. &1ea'ta a "o't o 2er!oadI Dn 1are RomEn!a a deven!t o CarI
!m2ortantI 2entr$ 2ol!t!1a eLternI a Statelor ;n!teG dator!tIG Dn 2r!m$l rDndG "a2t$l$! 1I a re"$-at 'I
2art!1!2e la !nvadarea Ce.o'lova1!e!. Re2$taC!a e! de rebelI a Dn1e2$t at$n1!G 2oate 1.!ar 2$C!n ma!
Dna!nteG N! a deven!t "oarte man!"e'tI. & "o'tG de a'emeneaG 2er!oada 1Dnd 2reNed!ntele 5!Lon a
!n1l$'Fo 2e l!'ta "oarte re'trDn'I a CIr!lor 2e 1are leFa v!-!tat DntrF$n t$rne$ Dn M$r$l l$m!!. &C! 2$tea
vorb! de'2re '2eranCele N! aNte2tIr!le 2e 1are S;& N! leFa$ 2$' Dn 1e 2r!veNte RomEn!aG Dn a1e! an!G Dn
'2e1!al Dn l$m!na 1$r'$l$! a$tor!tar 2e 1are a1ea CarI lFa $rmat $lter!or O Nt!m 1$ toC!! 1IG Dn an!! X80G
!maH!nea RomEn!e! Dn l$me a deven!t $na neHat!vI.
Leonard 0eeker3 =n 1969G Statele ;n!te a$ Dn1e2$t 'I man!"e'te $n !ntere' deo'eb!t "aCI de
RomEn!a d!n 2r!1!na a"!rmIr!! !nde2endenCe! 'ale "aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I N! a re'2!nHer!! 2o-!C!e!
de .eHemon a 0o'1ove!. ?r!n a1e't !ntere'G totodatIG Statele ;n!te a$ Dn1er1at 'I o"ere a1e'te! CIr! o
an$m!tI 2rote1C!e Dm2otr!va $ne! 2o'!b!le Dn1er1Ir! de !nvadare a e! de 1Itre 'ov!et!1!G aNa 1$m 'Fa
DntDm2lat 1$ Ce.o'lova1!a Dn 1968. 5o! am $rmIr!t 'I Dn1$raMIm !nde2endenCa d!n 2artea CIr!lor e'tF
e$ro2eneG 2e 1Dt era 2o'!b!l[ e'te adevIrat 1I a1e'te man!"e'tIr! 2ol!t!1e d!n 2artea lor era$ de't$l de
l!m!tate. 8e a'emeneaG 2r!n de1laraC!! N! a1C!$n! 2ol!t!1e am dor!tG re2etG 'I a1ordIm RomEn!e! atDta
2rote1C!eG 2e 1Dt 'e 2$tea. &1e'tea 'DntG 1red e$G 1ele do$I mot!ve e'enC!ale 1are ar eL2l!1a !ntere'$l
S;& "aCI de RomEn!a Dn a1e! an!. & eL!'tatG totodatIG N! o bIn$!alI 1I RomEn!a ar 2$tea "! C!nta $ne!
m!N1Ir! d!n 2artea 'ov!et!1!lorG Dn Hen$l 1ele! d!n Ce.o'lova1!a. &1ea'tI '$'2!1!$ne a Dn1e2$t 'I
d!'2arI ab!a 2r!n 1971. =n 1969G H$vern$l amer!1an n$FN! "I1ea n!1! $n "el de !l$-!! Dn 1e 2r!veNte
+7
1ara1ter$l adm!n!'traC!e! !nterne d!n RomEn!a. =n t!m2 1e 1ont!n$a 'I d$1I o 2ol!t!1I eLternI relat!v
!nde2endentIG N! a "I1$tFo 1$ m$lt 1$raMG deN! 'ov!et!1!! N!Fa$ man!"e'tat 2$bl!1 nem$lC$m!r!le lorG
'!t$aC!a !nternI era 1al!"!1atI dre2t $n reH!m de o2re'!$ne 'tal!n!'tI. Cel ma! b$n l$1r$ 1are 'e 2$tea
'2$neG la a1ea vremeG de'2re reH!m$l !ntern d!n RomEn!aG era a1ela 1I eLe1$C!!le Dn1eta'erI. 9ot$N!G
d!-!denCa n$ era 2erm!'IG n$ eL!'ta l!bertate 2ol!t!1IG dar 1el 2$C!n romEn!! n$ ma! era$ el!m!naC!
"!-!1 2entr$ o2!n!! d!-!denteG 1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat !med!at d$2I rI-bo! N! Dn an!! /0. 8arG da1I te $!C! la
!'tor!a romEnea'1I de la Dn1e2$t$l an!lor X70 N! 2DnI a-!G ve! "!G de'!H$rG de-amIH!tG 2entr$ 1I ve!
vedea o !'tor!e neHat!vIG d!n 2$n1t$l no'tr$ de vedere. &m '2erat 1IG o datI 1$ !nde2endenCa Dn
2ol!t!1a eLternIG va ven! N! o l!beral!-are !nternIG n$ !med!atG dar d$2I o 2er!oadI. =n an!! 1968F1970
H$vern$l a 2erm!' 1eva 1IlItor!! Dn 'trI!nItateG dar a2o! a1e'tea a$ Dn1etat 2entr$ 1IG 2$r N! '!m2l$G
m$lC! romEn! n$ 'e ma! Dntor1ea$.
Re2orter3 &N "a1e N! e$ $n 1omentar!$ 'a$ do$IG 2entr$ 1IG Dn a1ea 2er!oadIG am "o't adM$n1t$l
amba'ador$l$! 0eeker la B$1$reNt!. 0!n!'tr$l de ELterne m!Fa '2$' o datI 1IG Dn t!m2$l !nva-!e! d!n
Ce.o'lova1!aG 'ov!et!1!! a$ ad$' n$meroa'e tr$2e la "ront!era 1$ RomEn!aG !n1l$'!v $n n$mIr mare
de $n!tIC! bl!ndateG 1are 'tItea$ tot t!m2$l 1$ motoarele ambalate N! "I1ea$ $n -Homot a'$r-!tor N!
a'ta 2entr$ a 2$ne o 2re'!$ne 2'!.oloH!1I !n'$2ortab!lI 2e romEn!. &1eNt!aG de'!H$rG 'e temea$G m!Fa
relatat m!n!'tr$lG dar era$ .otIrDC! 'I 'e o2$nI !nva-!e!. =n a1ele momenteG a eL2l!1at elG B$1$reNt!!
a$ DnCele' 1I n$ 'e 2ot "a1e do$I l$1r$r! deodatI3 N! 'I l!beral!-e-e Dn !nter!orG N! 'I a!bI o 2ol!t!1I
eLternI !nde2endentI. SFa ma! DnCele' 1I RomEn!a treb$!e 'I vorbea'1I doar 1$ o '!nH$rI vo1eG n$
1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat la ?raHaG $nde $n!! membr! a! Com!tet$l$! Central al ?art!d$l$! Com$n!'t
Ce.o'lova1 !Fa$ !nv!tat 2e 'ov!et!1! N! 2e 1e!lalC! 'I !ntre Dn CarIG 2r!n $rmare Cea$Ne'1$ a "o't
de'emnat 'I "!e a1ea vo1eG !ar Cea$Ne'1$ avea o2C!$nea 'a "I1$tI O o 2ol!t!1I eLternI ma!
!nde2endentIG N! n$ o l!beral!-are !nternI. O datI 1$ '1$rHerea t!m2$l$!G el a "olo'!t 1on1entrarea
2$ter!! Dn mD!n!le 'ale 2entr$ aF! red$1e la tI1ere 2e membr!! Com!tet$l$! Central O N! n$ a$ "o't
2$C!n! O 1are 'e HDndea$ N! la ma! m$lte l!bertIC! !nterneG !ar a'ta a d$' la $n adevIrat 1$lt al
2er'onal!tIC!!G d$2I o vreme Cea$Ne'1$ a "o'tG 1a 'I '2$nem aNaG T1or$2tK de 2ro2r!a 'a 2$tere
ab'ol$tI.
Leonard 0eeker3 &men!nCarea 'ov!et!1I la adre'a RomEn!e! a "o't "oarte realI vreo + an! d$2I
1968G a2roa2e tot t!m2$l a$ 1!r1$lat -von$r! de la @!ena 1I 'ov!et!1!! vor Dntre2r!nde a1C!$n! m!l!tare
Dm2otr!va RomEn!e!G ele 'e am2l!"!1a$ or! de 1Dte or! 'e orHan!-a$ manevre ale ?a1t$l$! de la
@arNov!a. 8e ob!1e!G 'e an$nCa 1I manevrele vor avea lo1 Dn B$lHar!a N! 1I tr$2ele 'ov!et!1e vor
traver'a RomEn!a DntrFa1olo N! 1I n$ vor ma! 2le1a a1a'I. Se 2are 1I a1e'te -von$r! N! amen!nCIr! a$
Dn1etat la '"DrN!t$l l$! 'e2tembr!e 1971G 1Dnd BreMnev !Fa "I1$t o v!-!tI l$! 9!to. Cred 1I l!der$l
!$Ho'lav !Fa "I1$t $n mare '1andal l$! BreMnev 'Fo la'e ma! moale 1$ T2romovareaK aNaFn$m!te!
T8o1tr!ne BreMnevK #a '$veran!tIC!! l!m!tate a CIr!lor 'o1!al!'te N! a dre2t$l$! ;n!$n!! Sov!et!1e de a
!nterven! m!l!tar or!$nde Dn E$ro2a de E'tG n. red.%. Or!1$mG d$2I a1ea'tI v!-!tI ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I a
relaLat 2re'!$nea 'a 2'!.oloH!1I a'$2ra RomEn!e!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte Nt!r! B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #19%
&lte t!r!
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (9:)
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .&
Rom/&ia (9:)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF194
&lte Nt!r! F 1 Se2tember 2014
Leonard 0eeker #2%
+8
&mba'ador al S;& Dn RomEn!a
#1969F197+%
Z Leonard 0eeker3 =n 1e 2r!veNte mot!v$l 2entr$ 1are )$vern$l RomEnG N! Cea$Ne'1$ Dn mod
deo'eb!tG a$ d$' o 2ol!t!1I !nternI "oarte a$to1ratIG 2robab!l a "o't a1e'ta3 1I l!der!! 'Fa$ Dndo!t 1I
romEn!! ar 2$tea DnCeleHe demo1raC!a. =m! am!nte'1 1IG o datIG lFam Dntrebat 2e 2r!m$lFm!n!'tr$
0a$rerG d!re1tG de 1e n$ 'e doreNte 'I 'e 1ree-e ma! m$lte !n't!t$C!! demo1rat!1e Dn RomEn!a. 0a$rer
era o 2er'oanI "oarte ed$1atI N! "oarte !ntel!HentIG !ar rI'2$n'$l 'I$G "orm$lat 1$ m$ltI 2r$denCIG a
"o't 1IG l$! 2er'onalG D! era teamI 1I romEn!!G 2$r N! '!m2l$G n$ era$ 2reHIt!C! N! 1al!"!1aC! 'I a!bI deFa
"a1e 1$ !n't!t$C!! ma! demo1rat!1e. 8$2I 1eva vremeG el Dn'$N! a Dn1er1at 'I !ntrod$1I de-bater! reale
Dn a1t!v!tatea 0ar!! &d$nIr! 5aC!onaleG 1are 'e Dntr$nea reH$lat N! avea 'ar1!naG "IrI 1omentar!!G de a
2$ne Ntam2!la 2e mI'$r!le 2ro2$'e de H$vern. OdatIG 0a$rer a !'1at el Dn'$N! o de-batere adevIratI
2e marH!nea $ne! mI'$r! 2ro2$'e de $n m!n!'tr$ al 'I$G a aranMat 1a membr! a! 0&5 'I 2$nI
DntrebIr! N! 1.!ar 'I ad$1I amendamente la 2ro2$nerea re'2e1t!vI. Ob!Nn$!am 'I mI d$1 la 'e'!$n!le
&d$nIr!! N! am "o't de "aCI 1Dnd 'Fa DntDm2lat 1e relate-. :! 'Fa DntDm2lat 1I a !eN!t o adevIratI
de-ord!neG 1Dnd 'Fa$ !ntrod$' amendamenteleG membr!! ad$nIr!! 2$r N! '!m2l$G n$ a$ Nt!$t 1e 'I ma!
"a1IG n$ DnCeleHea$ 1e 'e DntDm2lI. =ntrF$n "!nalG 2reNed!ntele &d$nIr!!G :te"an @o!te1G mDn!o' N!
ne2r!1e2Dnd 1e rol $rma 'I a!bI elG 'Fa Dntor' d!'2erat 1Itre 0a$rer N! lFa Dntrebat3 TCe "a1em
a1$mUK. 6ar 1.e't!a a'ta a "o't Dn"rDnHerea !de!! l$! 0a$rerG 2entr$ 1I el a "o't nevo!t 'I 2re!a
&d$nareaG 'I rI'2$ndI la 2ro2$ner!le "I1$te 2entr$ '1.!mbIr!G 'I '2$nI ad$nIr!! 1e 'I "a1I 1$
amendamentele. =n 1on'e1!nCIG membr!! ad$nIr!! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I "a1I eLa1t 1e le '2$'e'e 0a$rer. Se
2$tea 1!t! 2e 1.!2$l l$! 1I era de-amIH!t N! 1I a2re1!er!le 'ale neHat!veG anter!oareG de'2re n!vel$l de
'o"!'t!1are 2ol!t!1I a 1om2atr!oC!lor 'I!G "$'e'erI doved!te de "a2te.
Z Re2orter3 Cred 1IG la $n moment datG 0a$rer a "o't de a1ord 1$ Cea$Ne'1$ Dn 2r!v!nCa 2ol!t!1!!
!nterneG a a2robat de-voltarea e1onom!1I "orCatIG a C!n$t 1.!ar N! $n d!'1$r' 'e1ret Dn a1e't 'en'G
d!'1$r' n!1!odatI a2Ir$t Dn 2re'IG darG a2o!G Dn 1eFl 2r!veNteG l$1r$r!le 'Fa$ '1.!mbat relat!v ra2!d.
Z Leonard 0eeker3 8aG aNa e'te. 0a$rer era $n om eLtrem de deNte2t N! n$ era de a1ord 1.!ar 1$
toate 1ele '2$'e de Cea$Ne'1$G Dn $lt!m!! 'I! an! o"!1!al! 1.!ar a vorb!t de n!Nte neDnCeleHer!G dar
n!1!odatI n$ a "I1$t d!n ele o d!'2$tI adevIratI.
Z Re2orter3 Se DntDm2lI 'I 1$noaNteC! detal!! ma! deo'eb!te de'2re v!-!ta l$! 5!LonG d!n 1969G 'a$
1ea de rI'2$n' a l$! Cea$Ne'1$ Dn &mer!1aU
Z Leonard 0eeker3 5$ eram la B$1$reNt! 1Dnd 5!Lon a "o't a1oloG dar am ven!t la a'.!nHton Dn
1970G 1$ o1a-!a v!-!te! l$! Cea$Ne'1$. 0! 'Fa 2Ir$t o v!-!tIF'tandardG ano'tIG N! '2$n a'ta de'2re
1onvorb!r!le b!lateraleG N! m!Fam!nte'1 1I 'Fa "I1$t m$lt t$r!'m 1$ o1a-!a e!G Cea$Ne'1$ a v!-!tat
!ll!am'b$rH$lG a "o't la 8etro!tG la Ca'1ada 5!aHara N! la 5ew Sork.
Z Re2orter3 Reven!nd la B$1$reNt!G Dn vremea 1Dnd no! ne a"lam a1oloG Dn RomEn!a era$ m$lte
d!"!1$ltIC!G dar !m2re'!a mea a "o't 1I moral$l amba'ade! a "o't "oarte b$n. &N vrea 'I 1$no'1 N!
2Irerea dv'.G 1a amba'ador la a1ea vreme.
Z Leonard 0eeker3 Cred 1IG Dn a1e! an!G amba'ada a "o't o !n't!t$C!e 2er"e1t "$n1C!onalI. &m av$t
$n 2er'onal "oarte 1a2ab!lG 2ro"e'!on!'tG 1$ o 2$tere mare de DnCeleHere a l$1r$r!lor. 6ar moral$l
amba'ade! a "o't "oarte r!d!1at. &$-!nd de 1ond!C!!le a1t$ale d!n RomEn!a #Dn 1989 O n.red.%G Dm! 2ot
!maH!na 1I ele 'Fa$ deter!orat dramat!1 N! 2entr$ d!2lomaC!! noNtr!G 1red 1I 'e 1on"r$ntI 1$ 2robleme
m$lt ma! mar!G de1Dt am av$t no! Dn $rmI 1$ 20 de an!.
Z Re2orter3 @reC! 'I 1omentaC! vre$n even!ment deo'eb!t 1are 'Fa 2rod$' Dn t!m2$l mandat$l$!
dv'.U
] Leonard 0eeker3 Cred 1I deo'eb!tI a "o't v!-!ta "I1$tI de Cea$Ne'1$ Dn C.!naG Dn vara l$! 1971G
la Dn1e2$t$l ver!!. El a v!-!tat Dndel$nH C.!na N! @!etnam$l de 5ord N! a reven!t a1a'I 1$ !m2re'!a 1I
a1ea CarIG C.!na l$! 0aoG re2re-!ntI 1om$n!'m$l adevIratG N! 1I ar 1on't!t$! $n eLem2l$ de $rmat
2entr$ RomEn!a. 8$2I 1e 'Fa Dntor' la B$1$reNt!G $n$l d!ntre a2ro2!aC!! 'I! mFa !nv!tat la b!ro$l l$! N!
m!Fa "I1$t o 2re-entare l$nHI a v!-!te! N! 1e an$me 'Fa DntDm2lat 1$ HDnd!rea l$! Cea$Ne'1$.
Con'e1!nCa !med!atI a a1e'tor m$taC!! 'Fa vI-$t !med!at Dn 1$vDntIr!le adre'ate 2art!d$l$!G 1are a$
+9
$rmatG "!e1are de 4F/ oreG $nde Cea$Ne'1$ a 2re-entat v!-!ta N! a an$nCatG Dn !$l!e 1971G $n aNaFn$m!t
2roHram !deoloH!1 Dn 17 2$n1teG '2re a "! Dn"I2t$!t Dn RomEn!a. Re'2e1t!v$l do1$ment 1onC!nea
"oarte m$lte mI'$r!G delo1 2e 2la1$l romEn!lor O de eLem2l$ $rma 'I Dn1ete-e d!"$-area "!lmelor
o11!dentale Dn RomEn!aG 'I '1adI m$lt n$mIr$l de d!'1$r! 1$ m$-!1I d!n @e't vDnd$te 2e 2!aCIG
$rma$ 2roHrame de m$n1I vol$ntarI d$m!n!1aG 2entr$ toatI l$mea et1. Se 2are 1I a "o't vorba de $n
2$n1t de 1ot!t$rI Dn !'tor!a re1entI a RomEn!e!G de $nde toate l$1r$r!le d!n a1ea CarI a$ Dn1e2$t 'I
mearHI Dn Mo'. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B :t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #20%
:t!r!
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (2I)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF204
tiri - 2 September 2014
Robert *. 0arten' #1%
:e" adM$n1t al &mba'ade! Statelor ;n!te la B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
Robert *. 0arten' a $rmat 1$r'$r!le ;n!ver'!tIC!! d!n
Cal!"orn!a N! a !ntrat Dn 'erv!1!$l d!2lomat!1 Dn !an$ar!e
19/1. & o1$2at d!"er!te 2o-!C!! Dn 6tal!aG ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG
6ndone-!aG B$rmaG &$'tr!aG RomEn!aG S$ed!a N! la
a'.!nHton. &1e't !nterv!$ a "o't a1ordat Dn 1991.
Robert *. 0arten'3 8$2I $n 1$r' de 6 l$n! de l!mba
romEnI am aM$n' la B$1$reNt!G Dn !$n!e 1971. &mba'ador
era Leonard 0eekerG "o't 1on'!l!er M$r!d!1 la
8e2artament$l de Stat. Len a rIma' a1olo 2DnI la
Dn1e2$t$l 1el$! de al do!lea mandat al l$! 5!LonG 2entr$ $n
an am $rmat e$ 1a Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ a"a1er!G !ar a2o! a ven!t
amba'ador (arry Barne'G 2r!n "ebr$ar!e 1974G e$ 2I'trDnd
2o-!C!a menC!onatI.
Re2orter3 BobG a! 2$tea 'I 1omente-! '!t$aC!a 2ol!t!1I d!n
RomEn!aU Care era$ !ntere'ele noa'tre a1oloU =n '2e1!alG
Dn l$m!na $lt!melor even!mente 'Far 1$ven! 'I avem o
!maH!ne a l$1r$r!lor 2etre1$te la a1ea vreme.
Robert *. 0arten'3 RomEn!a a "o't m$lt t!m2 de'1r!'I 1a rebela E$ro2e!. &m aM$n' 'I $rI'1 a1e't
e2!tetG 2Irea m$lt "olo'!t N! banal!-atG dar el 1onC!nea $n 'Dmb$re de adevIr. &N vrea 'I '2$n 1Dteva
l$1r$r! de'2re "$ndal$l N! !'tor!a lo1$l$!G 1e an$me 1red e$ de'2re 1ond!C!!le lo1ale N! de'2re
a'1en'!$nea l$! Cea$Ne'1$G 2er'onal!tatea 'aG 1ara1ter!'t!1!le 2$ter!! a1olo et1.G 2entr$ 1I am
1on'tatat 1I eL!'tI m$lte neDnCeleHer! Dn M$r$l a1e'tor '$b!e1te. 8$2I ).eorH.!$F8eMG "o't$l l!der
d!'2Ir$t Dn 196/G Cea$Ne'1$ a deven!t J2r!m$l Dntre eHal!K d!n B!ro$l ?ol!t!1 darG !n!C!alG "IrI 2$tere
2ol!t!1I. & av$tG la Dn1e2$t$r!G 1on"l!1te 1$ $n!! 1o'!deraC! ma! Jd$r!K de1Dt elG !ar 2r!ma 'a l$2tI a
d$'Fo 1$ Ne"$l ?ol!C!e! Se1reteG 1on1$rent$l 'I$ la 1ond$1erea 2art!d$l$!.
Ce!lalC!G a2roa2e toC!G a$ tre1$t de 2artea 'aG 2entr$ 1I lFa$ 1on'!deratG 1red e$G rI$l ma! m!1. O
vreme a eL!'tat Dn RomEn!a o 1ond$1ere 1ole1t!vIG $n!! a$ "o't DnlIt$raC! 1om2letG dar Cea$Ne'1$G
deN! D! dom!na 2e 1e!lalC! la vremea 1Dnd am aM$n' e$ a1oloG n$ at!n'e'eG Dn1IG a1el 1$lt al
2er'onal!tIC!! de ma! tDr-!$ N! n!1! a1el 1om2ortament d!1tator!al. S2re a DnCeleHe 1e 'Fa DntDm2lat Dn
RomEn!a a1el$! t!m2G treb$!e 'I 'e 2ornea'1I de la !nva-!a Dn Ce.o'lova1!aG d!n 1968G $nde romEn!!
40
te"an &58RE6 O marele d!2lomat romEn
a$ re"$-at 'I 2art!1!2e. RomEn!a a '$"er!t at$n1! 2re'!$n! enorme d!n 2artea 'ov!et!1!lorG a "o't
amen!nCatI 1$ !nva-!a. &m av$t o datI o 1onver'aC!e l$nHI 1$ )eorHe 0a1ove'1$G m!n!'tr$l de
ELterneG 2e 1are Dl 1$noNteam de vreo 1/ an!G 1Dnd a "o't m!n!'tr$l RomEn!e! la a'.!nHton N! am
neHo1!at 2r!m$l a1ord de '1.!mb$r! romEnoFamer!1an. 0a1ove'1$ m!Fa eL2l!1at 1$m 'ov!et!1!!
ad$'e'erI la "ront!erI 1oloane l$nH! de bl!ndate N! !Fa$ '2er!at de moarte 2e romEn!.
&1eNt!a a$ 2r!1e2$t 1I n$ 2ot 'I "a1I aNa 1$m a Dn1er1at 'I "a1I 8$b1ek Dn Ce.o'lova1!aG ad!1I 'I
dev!nI !nde2endenC! de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I N! 'I !n'ta$re-e $n reH!m demo1rat!1G 2entr$ 1I 'ov!et!1!!
vor 2ro"!ta de 1ea ma! m!1I vo1e 1are 'e va Dm2otr!v! $ne! a'emenea Dn1er1Ir!G vor '2$ne 1I a1ea
vo1e e'te adevIrata vo!nCI a 2roletar!at$l$! N! 1I 'Dnt nevo!C! 'I !nvade-e RomEn!aG 2entr$ a 'alva
1la'a m$n1!toare de a1oloG 1o2leN!tI de aHenC!! 2$ter!lor 1a2!tal!'te N! rev!-!on!'te et1. :!G d!n toate
a'teaG 'Fa aM$n' la 1on1l$-!a 1I treb$!e menC!n$tI $n!tatea DntreH!! 1ond$1er! 2ol!t!1e Dn M$r$l $ne!
'!nH$re vo1! 1are 'I vorbea'1I Dn n$mele RomEn!e!G d!n 2r!1!na amen!nCIr!lor eLterneG !ar a2o! 'Fa
1I-$t de a1ord 1a a1ea vo1e 'I "!e Cea$Ne'1$.
=n 1ont!n$areG Cea$Ne'1$ a Dm2!n' l$1r$r!le N! ma! de2arte. El a 1re-$t 1IG Dn $rmItor!! 20 de an!
O 20 de an! "!!nd N! 2o'!b!la l$nH!me a v!!toare! 'ale 1ar!ere 2ol!t!1e O RomEn!a va treb$! 'I dev!nI o
CarI !nd$'tr!al!-atIG 'IFN! '2orea'1I 2o2$laC!aG 'I dev!nI $n "el de VranCI a E$ro2e! de E'tG 'I Moa1e
"aCI de ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I rol$l 2e 1are VranCa Dl M$1a "aCI de Statele ;n!teG ad!1I 'I "!e
!nde2endentI. =n a1e't '1o2G el a 'o1ot!t 1I treb$!e 'I eL!'tI o ratI mare a !nve't!C!!lorG 1are or!1$m
era 1ea ma! mare d!n l$meG de ++RG !ar a'ta a 2$' 2re'!$n! enorme 2e 2o2$laC!e. 9ot 1e 'Fa 2rod$'G
"!e a "o't vDnd$t Dn @e'tG "!e a "o't 1a2!tal!-atG 2entr$ a '$'C!ne a1e't r!tm de 1reNtere !nd$'tr!alI.
EL!'taG de'!H$rG $n 1on'en' Heneral 2r!v!nd a1e'te 2ol!t!1!G dar 1DC!va membr! a! B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1 'Fa$
o2$'G 2r!ntre e! 2r!m$lFm!n!'tr$ 0a$rerG 1are n$ a "o't de a1ord 1$ a1ea ratI $r!aNI de !nve't!C!!.
=n a1e't 'en'G el 1.!ar a av$t $n d!'1$r' 'e1ret la Cl$MG dar Cea$Ne'1$ a lan'at o 1am2an!e
'$'C!n$tI 2entr$ Dnde2l!n!rea 2lan$l$! 1!n1!nal Dn 4 an! N! M$mItate. Ce am 1on'tatat Dn'IG la n!vel$l
M$deCelorG e'te 1I a a2Ir$t o o2o-!C!e mare "aCI de !deea l$! Cea$Ne'1$ 2r!v!nd 2lan$l Dn 4 an! N!
M$mItateG o o2o-!C!e b!ne a'1$n'I de 2ro2aHanda o"!1!alI. &1e'taG 1redG a "o't moment$l 1Dnd
Cea$Ne'1$ a Dn1e2$t 'I "a1I $- de 1$lt$l 2er'onal!tIC!! 'aleG 1a $n om 1are mono2ol!-a vo1ea DntreH!!
CIr!G Dn "aCa $n$! 2er!1ol d!n a"arIG N! 'IFN! !m2$nI 2$n1t$l de vedere Dn 2r!v!nCa 1$r'$l$! de 2ol!t!1I
!nternI. =n 1ont!n$areG 1on'tatDnd 1I 2oate 'IFN! !m2$nI $n 2$n1t de vedere rad!1al a'$2ra DntreH$l$!
2art!dG Cea$Ne'1$ a Dn1e2$t 'I "olo'ea'1I 2$terea 2e 1are o avea Dn '1o2$r! 2ro2r!!G !ar Dn a1e'te
momente N!Fa "I1$t a2ar!C!a N! neva'ta 'aG a 1Ire! 2re-enCI 'Fa "I1$t tot ma! '!mC!tI Dn an!! 1Dt am "o't
d!2lomat a1oloG Dndeo'eb! Dn $lt!m!! do!G 197+ N! 1974.
8!n 197+ a Dn1e2$t 'I "!e n$m!tI Dn ma! m$lte 2o-!C!! d!n 2art!dG tot ma! !m2ortanteG !ar d$2I 1e
m!Fam Dn1.e!at m!'!$nea a aM$n'G tre2tatG reH!na lo1$l$!G alIt$r! de Cea$Ne'1$G reHele. :! "oarte m$lC!
oamen! ma! Dn vDr'tIG 1$ "$n1C!! de 1ond$1ere Dn an!! tre1$C!G a$ "o't daC! a"arIG Dn 1!$da "a2t$l$! 1I
era$ 1om$n!Nt! ve1.!G $n!! a$ "o't 2ro"e'!on!Nt!G 2raHmat!1! N! 1.!ar 1$ o an$m!tI re'2on'ab!l!tate
moralIG 1a 'I '2$n aNa. 8arG avea$ o 2roblemIG 'trDmba$ d!n na' 1Dnd venea vorba de Elena
Cea$Ne'1$.
La 2$C!nI vreme d$2I 1e am aM$n' la 2o'tG 'Fa DntDm2latG la vDnItoarea an$alI a d!2lomaC!lorG 'I
'ta$ Dn marele 1ort alIt$r! de "o't$l m!n!'tr$ de ELterne. ?e at$n1! eram Dn'Ir1!nat$l 1$ a"a1er! al
&mba'ade!G !ar dDn'$l era Cornel!$ 0Ine'1$G o "!H$rI "oarte 1$no'1$tI Dn @e'tG a 1and!dat 1.!ar la
2o't$l de Se1retar )eneral al O5;. La $n moment datG 0Ine'1$G $n t!2 "ranC$-!t d!n N1oala ve1.eG
n$ d!n 1ea 1om$n!'tIG t!2$l de d!2lomat d!n 1elelalte vrem$r!G deN! era membr$ al 2art!d$l$!
1om$n!'tG 'Fa Dntor' '2re m!ne N!G arItDnd '2re Cea$Ne'1$G m!Fa '2$'3 J?oC! 'I "a1! 1eva 'I ta1I d!n
H$rIUK.
&m rIma' $l$!tG deoare1e lo1$l era 2l!n 1$ amba'ador! N! membr! a! B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1 N! 1red 1IG
"!!nd amer!1anG m! 'Fa adre'at m!eG 'IFl o2re'1 2e Cea$Ne'1$G 1are vorbea de a2roa2e o orI N!
mono2ol!-a'e toatI 1onver'aC!a. @orbea 1$ amba'ador$l 6'rael$l$!G $n "o't evre$ romEnG de'2re
Or!ent$l 0!Mlo1!$ N! 1e an$me ar treb$! "I1$t 1$ 2le't!n!en!!. #@a $rma%
41
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #21%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (29)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF214
topnews - 3 September 2014
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (29)
Robert *. 0arten' #2%
Ne" adM$n1t al &mba'ade! Statelor ;n!te la
B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
Reven!ndG deFa l$nH$l an!lor 'Fa 2$t$t $rmIr!
1$m DntreaHa 'o1!etate romEnea'1I N! 1.!ar
1ond$1erea era$ 2r!-on!ere ale $nor 'tIr! de !n'e1$r!tate N! de teamI. 6ntere'$l no'tr$ a "o't a1ela de
a Dn1$raMa tend!nCe de !nde2endenCI Dn E$ro2a de E'tG 1a o 2arte d!ntrF$n 2ro1e' ma! l$nH de
d!ver'!"!1are 2ol!t!1I Dn ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG dar N! Dn CIr!le 1om$n!'te. 8arG a1ea'ta era o 2ol!t!1I 2e
termen l$nHG n$ $n ant!F'ov!et!'m de 1!r1$m'tanCI. =n 1e 2r!veNte RomEn!aG Dntotdea$na am adm!'
1I reH!m$l !ntern a "o't or!b!lG la "el 2ol!t!1!le 2r!v!nd dre2t$r!le om$l$!G 'a$ em!Hrarea. 9ot t!m2$l
am 2re-entat l!'te 1$ 1a-$r! 2r!v!nd r$de ale 1etICen!lor amer!1an!G am 1er$t 'I l! 'e dea oamen!lor
dr$m$l 'IFN! DntreHea'1I "am!l!!le et1.
Re2orter3 &C! av$t '$11e' 1$ a1ele l!'teU
Robert *. 0arten'3 5$ 2rea mareG 1DteodatI re$Neam 1evaG dar am 1ont!n$at 'I !n'!'tIm. &m
2ro"!tat de momentele 1Dnd amer!1an! !m2ortanC! v!-!ta$ RomEn!aG at$n1! reveneam 1! l!'tele N!G
$neor!G 1Dnd 2artea romEnI a av$t an$m!te !ntere'eG am av$t N! no! '$11e' 1$ ele. Cea$Ne'1$ era
"oarte !ntere'at 'IFN! eLt!ndI leHIt$r!le 1$ l$mea d!n a"arI. 5$ 2$tea 'I !a'I d!n ?a1t$l de la
@arNov!aG dar n$ 1oo2era 1$ elG n$ 2erm!tea tr$2elor 'ov!et!1e 'I !ntre 'a$ 'I traver'e-e RomEn!a N!
$rmIrea 'I a!bI 1Dt ma! m$lte 1onta1te 1$ re't$l l$m!!G 1.!ar da1I m$lte d!ntre ele n$ avea$ vreo
valoare realI. =n a1ea'tI '!t$aC!e G la B$1$reNt! venea$ tot "el$l de v!-!tator! d!n &"r!1a N! era$ 2r!m!C!
1$ mare tamFtamG la "el 'e DntDm2la 1$ @6?F$r! ma! mar! 'a$ ma! m!1!G de tot "el$lG d!n &mer!1aG 'a$
d!n O11!dent. 9ot 1or2$l d!2lomat!1G amba'ador! N! Dn'Ir1!naC! 1$ a"a1er! et1.G d!m2re$nI 1$ membr!!
Com!tet$l$! Central al ?art!d$l$!G era$ 2re-enC! la aero2ortG la 1eremon!a de 'o'!re a vre$n$!
demn!tar 'trI!n. Cea$Ne'1$ N! oa'2etele de ranH Dnalt tre1ea$ Dn rev!'tI Harda de onoareG dIdea$
mDna 1$ 1or2$l d!2lomat!1G "an"ara 1Dnta !ar m$lC!meaG 2er"e1t orHan!-atIG 'tr!Ha3 JCea$Ne'1$ O
?CRKG ad!1I n$mele l$! N! !n!C!alele ?art!d$l$! Com$n!'t RomEnG N! alte lo-!n1!. ;n re-$ltat b$n al
a1e'tor dr$m$r! la aero2ort a "o't 1I 2$tea! 'I te ve-! 1$ m$lC! o"!1!al! romEn![ vorb!nd romEnaG a$
re$N!t a1olo 'I 1onver'e- 1$ m$lC! l!der!G DntrF$n 1$vDntG aero2ort$l o"erea o2ort$n!tIC! deo'eb!te. 8e
a'emeneaG !ntere'ant era "a2t$l 1I a1el 1$lt al 2er'onal!tIC!! al l$! Cea$Ne'1$ 1ont!n$a 2e dr$m$l de
la aero2ortG la oraNG $nde o m$lC!me de oamen! '1oN! de la lo1$r!le de m$n1I 'tItea$ al!n!aC! 2e
marH!nea No'ele! N! 'al$ta$ 1$ $rale tre1erea 1oloane! de maN!n!. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1IG de n$mero'e
or!G mI a"lam Dm2re$nI 1$ 'oC!a 1am Dn a /0Fa maN!nI d$2I 1a2$l 1oloane! N! 1I m$lC!mea 'e o2rea
!med!at d!n $rale d$2I 1e Cea$Ne'1$ tre1ea 1$ 2r!ma maN!nI darG 1Dnd a2Iream no!G 1$ 'teaH$l
amer!1an 2e a$tot$r!'mG $ralele reDn1e2ea$. Era$ ev!denteG de1!G N! nem$lC$m!reaG N! 2re"er!nCele
2o2$laC!e!G !ar a1e't Hen de at!t$d!ne 2r!etenoa'I "aCI de Statele ;n!te o 2$tea! DntDln! de 2e 'tradIG
2DnI la vDr"G la 1ond$1Itor! O lFam menC!onat ma! devreme 2e Cornel!$ 0Ine'1$. ;n alt eLem2l$ ar
"! $n membr$ al B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1G n$F! da$ n$meleG 1are a "o't Dn Statele ;n!teG a 1ond$' a1olo o
deleHaC!e de 1!n1! 'a$ Na'e oamen!. 9!2$l eraG de a'emeneaG N! m!n!'tr$. CDnd deleHaC!a 'Fa Dntor'G am
42
o"er!t $n d!ne$ Dn onoarea e! N! tot$l a !eN!t "oarte b!ne. 9oC! amer!1an!! 2re-enC! vorbea$ romEnaG aNa
1I 'eara a "o't $na romEnea'1I. La '"DrN!t$l d!ne$l$! am !eN!t Dn 'alon 1$ a1el membr$ al
?ol!tb!ro$l$! N! am Dn1e2$t o 1onver'aC!e banalIG "IrI 'I "a1em 2ol!t!1I. LFam Dntrebat 1$m a "o't
v!-!ta Dn State N! da1I a av$t Nan'a 'I $rmIrea'1I $n me1! de "otbal amer!1anG N! a'ta 2entr$ 1I
!nterlo1$tor$l me$ "$'e'eG Dn t!nereCeG atlet de 2er"ormanCI !ar a2o!G 2e lDnHI 'ar1!na l$! 2r!n1!2alIG
altaG 2art!d$l D! Dn1red!nCa'e N! m!'!$nea de a '$2erv!-a N! m!N1area '2ort!vI d!n CarI. J5$G m!Fa
rI'2$n' elG am dor!tG DntrFadevIrG 'I vId $n me1! de "otbal amer!1anG dar n$ am av$t 2o'!b!l!tateaK. 6F
am '2$'3 J:t!C!G no! 2r!m!mG o1a-!onalG DnreH!'trIr! 1$ me1!$r! !m2ortanteG aC! 2$tea 'I ven!C! 'I
vedem $n$l Dm2re$nIG la no! a1a'IG 'a$ la B!bl!ote1a &mer!1anIK. & deven!tG br$'1G 2al!d N! a '2$'3
J&N vrea m$ltG dar n$ 2ot 'I "a1 aNa 1eva. 0a! b!ne tr!m!teC! o '1r!'oare H$vern$l$!G "IrI 'I
menC!onaC! n$mele me$G N! 2ro2$neC! 1a $n membr$ !m2ortant 'I mearHI la $n a'emenea even!ment
N!G 2robab!l d!n 2r!1!na tre1$t$l$! me$ '2ort!vG mI vor tr!m!te 2e m!neK. C$ alte 1$v!nteG deN! era
membr$ al B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1G n$ 2$tea l$a o a'emenea de1!-!e N! a'ta m!Fa '2$' m$lte de'2re 1$m
'tItea$ l$1r$r!le 1.!ar N! la 1el ma! Dnalt n!vel.
Re2orter3 =n a'emenea 1ond!C!!G aC! '!mC!t $nele re'tr!1C!! !m2$'e ra2oartelor dv'. de'2re
RomEn!aU N! '2$n a'ta avDnd Dn vedere re'tr!1C!!le !m2$'e amba'ade! noa'tre d!n 6ranG de 1Itre
,!''!nHer N! 5!Lon. a.$l era "avor!t$l lor N! n! 'Fa '2$' 'I n$ ra2ortIm l$1r$r! 1are n$F! era$
"avorab!le. 5!Lon N! ,!''!nHer avea$ an$m!te v!-!$n! a'$2ra l$m!! N! n$ dorea$ 1a alC!! 'I le ad$1I
2reM$d!1!!.
Robert *. 0arten'3 5$G n$ a "o't 1a-$lG dar treb$!e 'I '2$n 1I n$ a eL!'tat n!1! o d!'1re2anCI Dntre
2o-!C!a noa'trI N! 1ea o"!1!alI O N! $n!!G N! alC!! am "o't 2entr$ o 2ol!t!1I de de'1.!dere tre2tatI a
RomEn!e!G de Dn1$raMare a !nde2endenCe! 'ale. 8e a'emeneaG am Dn1$raMat 1reNterea 1omerC$l$!
b!lateralG 1are 'Fa mIr!t de / or! Dn 2er!oada mandat$l$! me$. 5$ era deo'eb!t de m$ltG dar 2$team
'2$ne 1I e'te 2e dr$m$l 1el b$n. 5$ a$ eL!'tat d!verHenCe deo'eb!te la n!vel 2ol!t!1G dar a!1! 2ot 'I
'2$n 1I v!-!$nea $nor anal!Nt! a! C6& a'$2ra RomEn!e! n$ a 1o!n1!' 1$ 1ea eL!'tentI d$2I ven!rea
mea la B$1$reNt!. C6& a !Hnorat total ra2oartele noa'tre tr!m!'e a1a'I N! a "I1$t ea $n ra2ort de vreo
20 de 2aH!n! a'$2ra RomEn!e!G 2$' DntrFo 1o2ertI "ICoa'I N! d!'tr!b$!t 2ret$t!nden!G la a'.!nHton.
&m 2r!m!t N! e$ o 1o2!eG am 1!t!tFo N! am tr!m!' Dna2o! o teleHramIG 1are '2$nea 1I JSe 2are 1I
eL!'tI 2 B$1$reNt!$r! Dn l$me. ;n$l e'te 2e mal$r!le ?otoma1$l$!G N! 1elIlalt Dn a2ro2!ere de 8$nIreG
N! 'e 2are 1I n$ a$ ab'ol$t n!1! o leHIt$rI Dntre eleK. &2o!G am a"!rmat 1eva "oarte tare3 J?$teC! avea
o2!n!a dv.G N! n$ e'te n!m!1 rI$ Dn a'taG dar treb$!e 'I Nt!C! mI1ar "a2t$l 1I eL!'tI N! alte 2Irer! N! 'I
l$aC! Dn 'eamI ra2oartele 1are v!n de la amba'adI de o l$nHI 2er!oadI de t!m2K. 6ar Ne"$l amba'ade!
mFa '$'C!n$t N! a adI$Hat la teleHramI 1$v!ntele3K SDnt de a1ord 1$ Bob 0arten'K. 8e1!G am "o't de
a1ord 1I amba'ada a av$t N! 2$n1te de vedere d!"er!teG Dn $nele 2robleme romEneNt!G "aCI de 1e! de la
a'.!nHton. &N ma! adI$Ha 1eva. 8eN! 'e 2Irea 1I '$2raveH.erea noa'trI 'e ma! relaLa'e Dntr$1DtvaG
am av$t do$I 1a-$r! Dn 1are Se1$r!tatea a Dn1er1at 'I atraHI Dn 1$r'I n!Nte "$n1C!onar! amer!1an!. =n
ambele 1a-$r! !Fam tr!m!' 2e oamen! a1a'I Dn 24 de oreG am Nt!$t eLa1t 1$m 'Fa$ 2etr1$t l$1r$r!leG
dar n$ vrea$ 'I !ntr$ Dn amIn$nte. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #22%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (22)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF224
topnews - 4 September 2014
Ro!rt ). Mart!&s (3) 7!f ad>u&-t al
$masad!i Stat!lor U&it! la %u-ur!7ti (9:H94
9:H;)
4+
Re2orter3 &m o '!nH$rI DntrebareG 1Dnd aC! '2$' JDn 1$r'IKG vFaC! re"er!t la o a"a1ere 'eL$alIU
Robert *. 0arten'3 8aG la 1a21ane !m2l!1Dnd relaC!! 'eL$ale. ?e de altI 2arteG n$ ma! eram
$rmIr!C!G n$ aveam re'tr!1C!! de 1IlItor!eG 2$team merHe $nde doreamG "IrI 'I an$nCIm. 5Fam
ob'ervat 'I "!$ $rmIr!t d!n maN!nIG 'a$ 2e Mo'G aNa 1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat mere$ Dn R$'!a. &m "I1$t o
1IlItor!e Dn B$lHar!aG ven!nd d!n RomEn!a N!G 1$m am tre1$t "ront!ereaG "!laM$l 'Fa !n'talat d$2I
m!neG tot t!m2$l 1Dt am 'tat a1olo. C$m am reven!t Dn RomEn!aG n$ ma! mFa $rmIr!t n!men!. =n
1Dteva rDnd$r! Ne"$l 1ontra'2!onaM$l$! de la amba'adI m!Fa l$at $rmaG '2re a ver!"!1a da1I 'Dnt
$rmIr!tG nFa HI'!t n!m!1G n!1!odatI.
8ar a'ta n$ Dn'emna 1I 'o1!etatea romEnea'1I deven!'e $na de'1.!'I. 5$ 2$tea! 'I a! 2r!eten!
a2ro2!aC! Dn RomEn!aG n$ 2$tea! 'IF! v!-!te-! a1a'IG 1! n$ma! la o1a-!! o"!1!ale. S!nH$ra eL1e2C!e a
"o't $n re2orter de la $n -!arG 1are venea la no!G a1a'IG de't$l de de' N! 'Dnt '!H$r 1I treb$!a 'I
ra2orte-e a1e'te DntDln!r!. ?robab!l 1I era N! 1olaborator al Se1$r!tIC!!G dar ne '!mCeam "oarte b!ne
Dm2re$nI. &m deven!t 2r!eten! "oarte b$n!G ma! tDr-!$ mFa v!-!tat Dn Statele ;n!teG 'e 1rea'e o relaC!e
$manI. O altI 2er'oanI a2ro2!atI a "o't o romEn1I de la amba'adIG e$ N! 'oC!a mea am deven!t b$n!
2r!eten! 1$ ea N! 'oC$l e!G $n do1tor. Ob!Nn$!am 'I !eN!m 1$ e! a"arI d!n B$1$reNt!G dar a1e'te
2er'oane a$ "o't 1$ adevIrat n!Nte eL1e2C!!G Dn re't J2I'trarea d!'tanCe!K de lo1aln!1! a "$n1C!onat
2er"e1tG $neor!G 1.!ar ma! b!ne de1Dt Dn ;n!$nea Sov!et!1I.
Re2orter3 &C! av$t v!-!tator! amer!1an! la amba'adI 1are 'Fa$ m!rat 1Dnd a$ vI-$t d!'1re2anCa
d!ntre !maH!nea de rebelI a RomEn!e!G aNa 1$m 'e vedea ea de a"arIG N! real!tateG ad!1I reH!m$l de
mDnI "orteG aNa 1$m era ea Dn !nter!orU
Robert *. 0arten'3 O Dntrebare !ntere'antI N! loH!1IG dar rI'2$n'$l e'te n$. @!-!tator!! era$ @6?F
$r!G 'enator!G 1onHre'men! N! H$vernator! de 'tate amer!1aneG 1DteodatI venea$ +F4 2e 'I2tImDnI.
Era$ b!ne !n"ormaC! N! 1.!ar da1I n$ avea$ 1$noNt!nCe adDn1!G DnCeleHea$ 1I RomEn!a n$ era $n
d!-!dentG 1! M$1a rol$l de d!-!dent. :t!a$ 1IG Dn !nter!orG 1ontrol$l era "oarte 'trDn' N! 1I Cara n$ 'tItea
2e ro-e. &$ ven!t 'enator$l ($H. S1ottG l!der$l m!nor!tIC!! re2$bl!1aneG 'enator$l )ale 01)eeG d!n
yom!nHG a1e'ta d!n $rmI a av$t o 1onver'aC!e de + ore 1$ Em!l BodnIraNG nr. + d!n 1ond$1ere N!
1on'!derat a1$m m$lC!G m$lC! an!G om$l r$N!lor. &vea $n n$me $1ra!n!anG a ven!t Dn RomEn!a Dn 1944
1$ &rmata RoN!eG era 1om!'ar 2ol!t!1G a "o't m!n!'tr$ al &2IrIr!! Dn H$vern$l br$tal al &ne! ?a$1kerG
dar a2o! 'Fa doved!t a "! 1$ tot$l altI 2er'oanI. SFa DntDm2latG DntrFadevIrG 1eva 1!$dat. 9!m2 de + ore
1Dt am 'tat de vorbI 1$ el O am "o't de "aCI la DntDln!rea 1$ 'enator$l 01)ee O BodnIraN a ata1at
'!'tem$l 1om$n!'t d!n toate d!re1C!!leG a ata1at ;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG '2$nDnd 1I ar treb$! de-membratI
Dn b$1ICele. =n t!m2$l d!'1$C!e!G eL2re'!a l$! "avor!tI a "o't J5$ ma! vremG n!1!odatIG vDn-Ir! 1$m a
"o't 1ea de la 6altaKG a re2etatFo de 1Dteva or!.
Re2orter3 SFa re"er!t la DnCeleHer!le de la 6altaG d!n "ebr$ar!e 194/G d!ntre Roo'eveltG C.$r1.!ll N!
Stal!nU
Robert *. 0arten'3 8aG !ar eL2re'!a "olo'!tI de BodnIraN a "o't 1.!ar ma! d$rI de1Dt 1eea 1e
'2$nea ar!2a drea2tI a re2$bl!1an!lor de'2re demo1raC! Dn vremea l$! 01Cart.y. 0a! tDr-!$G la
d!'1$C!a 1$ 'enator$l S1ottG BodnIraN a "olo'!t eL2re'!a am!nt!tI d!n no$. La Dn1e2$tG am 1re-$t 1I
BIdnIraN a "olo'!t a1ea'tI de1laraC!e ant!F'ov!et!1I 2$tern!1I 2entr$ aF! !m2re'!ona 2e amer!1an!G dar
2e $rmI lFam a$-!t '2$nDnd a1elaN! l$1r$ 1oleH!lor 'I! d!n 1ond$1erea 2art!d$l$!G $nde n$ era$ de
"aCI amer!1an!G 'IF! !m2re'!one-e. 8e1! n$ a "o't vorba de 1eva t!1l$!t 2entr$ !m2re'!onarea noa'trIG
a "o't 1eva real. :! a'ta mFa 1onv!n' 1I l$mea 1om$n!'tI Dn1e2$'e 'I 'e 1lat!ne 'er!o'.
?ove'tea 1$ 0a$rer era a1eeaN! 1a N! 1$ BodnIraNG om$l nr. 2 d!n 1ond$1ereG 1el 1are 'Fa dat
'!nH$r la o 2arteG N! de'2re 1are 'e '2$nea 1I av$'e'e neDnCeleHer! 1$ Cea$Ne'1$ Dn 1.e't!$n!
"$ndamentaleG !n1l$'!v !nd$'tral!-area "orCatI. &m "o't la b!ro$l l$! 1$ o deleHaC!e amer!1anI N!
0a$rer a '2$'3 J?I!G toC! a1e! e1onom!Nt! d!n Se1ol$l Y6Y a$ av$t dre2tate la vremea lorG dar 1e a$
8av!d R!1ardoG *o.n St$art 0!ll N! ,arl 0arL deFa "a1e 1$ l$mea modernIUK. &1$mG treb$!e 'I "!m
de a1ord 1IG 2entr$ 1!neva 2re'$2$' a "! adevIrat marL!'tG 1$m ar "! treb$!t 'I "!e $n l!der de 2art!d
1om$n!'tG a1e'te 1$v!nte era$ 1$ adevIrat 1!$date. &m rIma' m$t. 0a$rer n$ a 1ont!n$atG !ar 1e!lalC!
amer!1an! n$ 1red 1I 'Fa$ 2r!n' 1$m 'tItea$ l$1r$r!leG dar e$G 2er'onalG am 1re-$t 1I 1eea 1e am
44
a$-!t a "o't 1$ tot$l relevant 2entr$ adevIrata HDnd!re a l$! 0a$rer. Era l!m2ede 1I aveam Dn "aCa
mea $n om 1areFN! 2!erd$'e or!1e lo!al!tate "aCI de teor!a marL!'tI..
E! b!neG a1eNt! oamen! a$ rIma' Dn 1ond$1ereG "$'e'erI 1om$n!Nt! Dna!nte de rI-bo! N! a$ rIma'
1om$n!Nt!. 8arG a1ea'tI revelaC!eG a1ea'tI tre-!re la real!tateG n$ a "o't valab!lI N! 2entr$ Cea$Ne'1$G
n$ am 'e'!-at n!1!odatI o d!"erenCI Dntre !nd!v!d$l Cea$Ne'1$ N! de1laraC!!le 'ale 2$bl!1e. El a rIma'
2e de2l!n 1red!n1!o' !deoloH!e! o"!1!aleG N! a vorb!t Dntotdea$na Dn a1elaN! l!mbaM 2ro2aHand!'t!1. LF
am DntDln!t de 1Dteva or! Dn 2er!oada 1Dnd am "o't a1oloG lFam Dn'oC!t Dn Statele ;n!te 1Dnd a "o't
!nv!tat la Ca'a &lbIG lFam d$' 'I v!-!te-e &mer!1aG am 'tat alIt$r! de el Dn av!onG 1Dnd am -b$rat de
1oloF1olo 2e'te e't$l S;&G am av$t o 1onver'aC!e de ma! b!ne de o orI 1$ el la v!la l$!G de la 0area
5eaHrI O Dn'oCeam $n oa'2ete @6? d!n &mer!1a O $nde am 2ar1$r' Dm2re$nI $n t$r de 2ol!t!1I
mond!alIG Dn toatI l$mea.
Re2orter3 Ce !m2re'!! vFa lI'at Cea$Ne'1$U &1$mG d$2I 1e a "o't eLe1$tatG a !eN!t la '$2ra"aCI atDt
de m$ltI m!-er!e de'2re elQ
Robert *. 0arten'3 & "o't $n om eLtrem de !ntel!Hent.
Re2orter3 &lC!! n$ 1red a'ta.
Robert *. 0arten'3 =m! menC!n o2!n!a. 8e eLem2l$G avea o "oarte b$nI DnCeleHere a a2roa2e tot 1e
era $n even!ment no$ N! maMorG or!$nde Dn l$me. 8e eLem2l$G lFam $rmIr!t 2$rtDnd o d!'1$C!e de la
eHal la eHal 1$ $n re2$tat eL2ert !nternaC!onalG 'trI!nG Dn 1.e't!$nea 0Ir!! 5eHre. 8!n 2I1ateG Dn 1a-$l
l$!G 'Fa$ a2l!1at 2er"e1t 1$v!ntele 1elebre ale lord$l$! &1tonG J2$terea 1or$2eG !ar 2$terea ab'ol$tI
1or$2e ab'ol$tK. C.!ar N! Dn an!! m!'!$n!! mele Cea$Ne'1$ deven!'e $n t!ran ter!b!l. 0!Fad$1 am!nte
de $n !nter2ret al l$! Cea$Ne'1$. LFam 1$no'1$t anter!orG 1Dnd trad$'e'e 2entr$ Cea$Ne'1$ N!G Dn
a1elaN! t!m2G avea o 2o-!C!e !m2ortantI la 0!n!'ter$l de ELterneG N! lFam DntDln!t de 2F+ or! Dn n!Nte
1.e't!$n! !m2ortante. LFam reDntDln!t 1Dnd am "o't la 0area 5eaHrIG era a1olo 1$ $n @6? amer!1an N!
neFam 2l!mbat toC! + 2r!n Dm2reM$r!m!le v!le! l$! Cea$Ne'1$. 8eodatIG el a '2$'G J8oamneG aN da
or!1e 'I '1a2 de om$l I'ta. E'te 1ea ma! o2re'!vI "!!nCI 2e 1are N!Far 2$teaFo !maH!na 1!nevaK. 5Fa
ma! adI$Hat n!m!1G dar 1am a'ta a "o't !deeaG 1I era !m2o'!b!l 'I l$1re-! 1$ Cea$Ne'1$. EHoman!a l$!
a !-b$1n!t Dn m$lte "el$r!. &m menC!onat vDnItor!le la 1are am 2art!1!2atG do$IG Dn an!! 1Dnd am "o't
a1olo. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
topnews - 5 September 2014
http://www.zirtri!o"oru".ro/un-seri"-#in-!e-!e-mi-p"pitnt/
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (23)
Robert *. 0arten' #4%
Ne" adM$n1t al &mba'ade! Statelor ;n!te la
B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
Re2orter3 @DnItor!le 1$ 1or2$l d!2lomat!1.
Robert *. 0arten'3 8aG era$ 1ond$'e 2er'onal de
Cea$Ne'1$G dar 2art!1!2a$ N! alC! membr! a! 2art!d$l$! N! H$vern$l$! N! toC! Ne"!! m!'!$n!lor
d!2lomat!1e. Ce! ma! m$lC! merHe$ la ele n$ 2entr$ a vDnaG 1! 2entr$ a "! a1olo o -!G 'a$ do$I. ?artea
1ea ma! !ntere'antI n$ era vDnItoarea 2ro2r!$F-!'IG 1! re$n!$nea de la '"DrN!tG Dn 1ort$l 1el mareG $nde
toC! 'e vedea$ 2er'onal 1$ Cea$Ne'1$ N! $nde eL!'ta o2ort$n!tatea de aFl 1$noaNte ma! b!neG 2e el N!
2e 1e!lalC! d!n 1ond$1ereG 2re1$m N! de a a$-! l$1r$r! !ntere'ante. La a do$a vDnItoare la 1are am
4/
2art!1!2atG deN! 2o-!C!a mea a "o't de 1ea de Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ a"a1er!G am "o't aNe-at 2e $n lo1 de onoareG
N! a'ta 1a 'I am 2o'!bl!tatea 'I a'1$lt 1$m va "! 2$' la 2$n1t amba'ador$l 'ov!et!1. =n t!m2 1e a1e'ta
a "o't aNe-at ma! la 1oada N!r$l$! de vDnItor!G e$ a "o't 2$' Dn 1a2It$l l$!G Dntre Cea$Ne'1$ N! no$l
2r!mFm!n!'tr$G 0anea 0Ine'1$G om$l 2 al reH!m$l$!. Era 2r!ma oarI 1Dnd am "o't a1oloG n$
2art!1!2a'em la vDnItoarea 2ro2r!$F-!'IG de data a'taG Dn'IG daG a "o't 2entr$ 2r!ma datI 1Dnd am
"olo'!t o armI de "o1 d$2I 1e "I1$'em armata. La '"DrN!tG a$ 2$' Mo'G Dn "aCa noa'trIG toate 2I'Ir!le N!
!e2$r!! vDnaC! N! a$ an$nCat re-$ltatele. :!G 2e 2r!m$l lo1G o 'I 1redeC! 'a$ n$G 'Fa a"latQCea$Ne'1$G
1$ 4/2 de 2$n1teG al do!leaG 0anea 0Ine'1$G 1$ 10/P 9oC! 1e!lalC!G !n1l$'!v Ne"!! de 0!'!$n!G a$ av$t
1Dte / 2$n1te "!e1are. =n1I o datIG de1!G a "o't ev!dentI nevo!a de a "a1e d!n Cea$Ne'1$ 5$mber 1 Dn
or!1e '!t$aC!e. Ob'erva'em 1IG la vDnItoareG Dn '2atele l$! 'tItea$ do! oamen! 1areF! DnmDna$G
'$11e'!vG 2$Nt! Dn1Ir1ateG $na d$2I altaG aNa 1I t!2$l trIHeaG 2ra1t!1G "o1 d$2I "o1G toatI 2ove'tea eraG
de1!G o "ar'I enormI.
Re2orter3 &m a$-!t re1ent o 2ove'teG n$ Nt!$ da1I e'te adevIratI 'a$ n$G 1I or! de 1Dte or! 2le1a 'I
v!-!te-e o 2rov!n1!eG 1e! de a1olo treb$!a$ 'I orHan!-e-e o vDnItoare.
Robert *. 0arten'3 5$ Nt!$G nFam a$-!t a'ta. C$ '!H$ranCIG Dn'IG Cea$Ne'1$ a "o't $n b$n vDnItorG
Dn or!1e 1a- m$lt ma! b$n de1Dt m!neG "IrI Dndo!alI. &veaG de a'emenaG $n 2ron$nCat '!mC al
$mor$l$!. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1IG la 2r!ma d!n 1ele do$I vDnItor! 1$ 1or2$l d!2lomat!1 la 1are am
2art!1!2atG la '"DrN!t a av$t lo1 o m!1I 1eremon!e de !n!C!ereG DntrF$n l$m!n!N d!n 2Id$re O 2re'$2$n 1I
era vorba de o trad!C!e romEnea'1I O $nde Ne"$l 2art!de! de vDnItoareG 1$ $n bICG 'e 2re"I1ea 1I D!
JbateK la '2ate 2e nov!1!! 2art!1!2anC! 2entr$ 2r!ma oarI la o vDnItoare. &Na 1I no!G Jve1.!! vDnItor!KG
'tIteam deFo 2arteG !ar 1e! no$Fven!C! treb$!a$ 'I Dnde2l!nea'1I r!t$al$l. &mba'ador$l 'ov!et!1
tre1$'e N! elG ma! dem$ltG 2r!n elG dar no$l amba'ador 1e.o'lova1G $n t!2 ma! Dn vDr'tI N! ma! 2!r2!r!$G
n$G aNa 1I 'Fa d$' 1$m!nte la lo1$l J'$2l!1!$l$!KG !ar Cea$Ne'1$G rD-DndG 'Fa Dntor' 1Itre amba'ador$l
'ov!et!1 N! !Fa dat bIC$lG '2$nDnd$F!3 J8$mneavoa'trI 'DnteC! ob!Nn$!C! 'I le daC! o 2orC!e de bIta!e
1e.!lorG de 1e 'I nFo "a1eC! N! a1$mUKG N! a adI$Hat3 J8ar "IrI "olo'!rea "orCe! 'a$ a amen!nCIr!! 1$
"orCaPK. & "o'tG DntrFadevIrG "oarte am$-antG la vremea re'2e1t!vI a1ea'tI $lt!mI "ra-I 2Irea 'I "!e
2re-entIG 2ra1t!1G Dn or!1e d!'1$r' 'a$ teLt o"!1!alG aNa 1I am adI$Hat3 JvedeC!G am Nt!$t e$G 1I dv'.
'DnteC! Dn "avoarea ne"olo'!r!! "orCe! 'a$ a amen!nCIr!! 1$ "orCaK. 9oatI l$mea a rD'.
Re2orter3 Ce rea1C!! a av$t Dn 1$r'$l 1IlItor!e! Dn Statele ;n!teU C$ '!H$ranCI 1I no! am "I1$t
toate e"ort$r!le 'I !a'I b!neG lFa !m2re'!onat 1.e't!a a'taU Sa$ a vI-$t toate 1$ o1.!! 1r!t!1! a!
marL!'t$l$!U
Robert *. 0arten'3 LFa$ Dn'oC!t 0anea 0Ine'1$G a1$m 2r!mFm!n!'tr$G )eorHe 0a1ove'1$G
m!n!'tr$ de ELterneG 2e 1are Dl 1$no'1 "oarte b!ne N! a "o't 'oC!a 'aG Elena. & "o't $n mare d!ne$
o"!1!al la Ca'a &lbI. =na!nte de d!ne$G 5!Lon 'Fa DntreC!n$t 1$ oa'2eC!! Dn 'alonG la etaM. =n altI ord!ne
de !de!G m!Fam!nte'1 1I am -b$rat 1$ Cea$NeNt!! de 4F/ or! Dn Statele ;n!te N! 1I 1e!lalC! oa'2eC! era$
'2er!aC! de moarte de 1$2l$l 2re-!denC!alG a2roa2e 1I n$ de'1.!dea$ H$r!leG 'I '2$nI N! e! 1eva.
Cea$NeNt!! vorbea$ Dntre e!G n$ 1$ 1e!lalC! do! romEn!G 'a$ 1$ m!ne. &m Dn1er1at 'I de'1.!d o
1onver'aC!e 1$ 0a1ove'1$G dar am ren$nCatG am ob'ervat 1I 2re"erI 'I ta1I.
Re2orter3 :! nFa$ "o't !ntere'aC! 'I vI DntrebeG de 2!ldIG J$!teG aM$nHem la 8alla'G 1$m
"$n1C!onea-I a1e't oraNUK
Robert *. 0arten'3 5!1! HDnd. &$ rIma' tI1$C! tot dr$m$l. CDnd aM$nHeam DntrF$n oraN de 2e
!t!nerar!$l no'tr$G '!nH$r$l lor !ntere' era 'I v!-!te-e ob!e1t!ve !nd$'tr!ale N! 'I 2$nI H.!-!lor
DntrebIr! te.n!1e. CelIlalt l$1r$ 1are !Fa !ntere'atG a$ "o't DntDln!r!le 1$ Hr$2$r! de romEn! amer!1an!.
8e'!H$rG tot$l a "o't "oarte o"!1!al N! 'Fa 2I'trat o d!'tanCI mare Dntre e! N! romEn!! lo1aln!1! darG 1$
'!H$ranCIG a$ "o't N! l$1r$r! 2e 1are n$ leFam 1$no'1$tG 'a$ 'e'!-atG 2robab!l Dn1er1Ir! ale reH!m$l$!
de a 2Itr$ndeG 2e alte 1I! Dn Hr$2$l etn!1 romEne'1 d!n &mer!1a.
Re2orter3 & "o't ev!dent 1I no! am $rmIr!t 'I Dn1$raMIm o RomEn!e 2$tern!1I N! !nde2endentI.
C$m a !eN!t a1ea'tI J!nve't!C!eKU 0a! ale' Dn l$m!na de-a'tr$l$! 1are a $rmat a1oloU
Robert *. 0arten'3 Ce 'I '2$nG n$ 1red 1I am "! 2$t$t 'I '1.!mbIm 1eva. @rea$ 'I '2$n 1IG Dn
a1ea vremeG CIr!le 1om$n!'te avea$ aHenda lor N! n$ avea! 1$m 'I le !n"l$enCe-! Dn 2r!v!nCa 2ol!t!1!lor
46
!nterneG aNa 1I era !n$t!l 'I Dn1er1Im 'I d!'1$tIm de'2re '!t$aC!a d!n !nter!or. 5!1! mI1ar 2ro2r!! lor
l!der! n$ 2$tea$ vorb! 1$ Cea$Ne'1$ de'2re a1ele l$1r$r!. Re"er!tor la 2ol!t!1a l$! Cea$Ne'1$ de
!nd$'tral!-are "orCatIG ar "! 1ore1t 'I '2$nem 1IG deN! a "o't o HreNealI 'IF! 1.!n$! 2e oamen! 'I
ed!"!1e 2e'te noa2te o ba-I !nd$'tr!alI 'ol!dIG tot$l 'Fa 2rIb$N!t n$ n$ma! d!n 2r!1!na a'taG N! a altor
'lIb!1!$n! !nterneG dar N! d!n 1a$-a '1.!mbIr!lor '$rven!te Dn '!t$aC!a e1onom!1I !nternaC!onalI. C$
alte 1$v!nteG eNe1$l !nd$'tral!-Ir!! d!n RomEn!a 'Fa datoratG Dn 2arteG a1eloraN! 1a$-e 1are a$ bDnt$!t
e1onom!a mond!alI N! a$ 2$' la 2ImDnt N! CIr! d!n &mer!1a Lat!nIG 5!Her!a et1.
Re2orter3 =ndeo'eb! eL2lo-!a 2reC$l$! 2etrol$l$!Q
Robert *. 0arten'3 ?reC$l 2etrol$l$!G dar N! 1reNterea ne1ontrolatI a dobDn-!lorG mod!"!1area
1ond!C!!lor "!nan1!areG a termen!lor 1omer1!al!G !n'tab!l!tatea balanCelor 1omer1!ale naC!onaleG toate
a1e'tea N! altele. =na!nteG o CarI 'o1otea 1DC! ban! !a 2e eL2ort$r! N! 1Dt 2oate Dm2r$m$ta Dn 1ond!C!! de
'!H$ranCIG 2entr$ aFN! at!nHe ob!1t!veleG de1! RomEn!a a Dm2r$m$tat ma'!vG Nt!!nd$F'e a1o2er!tIG la
"el ?olon!aG CIr!le lat!noFamer!1ane et1. HDnd!nd$F'e toateG 1I n!m!1 n$ 'e va '1.!mba N! 1I vor 2$tea
2lIt! dator!!le. 8arG '!t$aC!a !nternaC!onalI 'Fa '1.!mbat rad!1al N! leFa ven!t "oarte Hre$ 'IFN! a1.!te
dator!!le. RomEn!! 'Fa$ lov!t de a1eleaN! ne1a-$r! 1a '$dFamer!1an!!G Dn a1eeaN! 2er!oadI de t!m2.
&1$mG treb$!e '2$' 1I romEn!! N!Fa$ 2lIt!t dator!!leG dar a$ 2$' 2o2$laC!a la Dn1er1Ir! HreleG Dn an!!
X80G 1a 'I 2oatI "a1e a'ta N! treb$!e adI$Hat 1I alte CIr!G Dndatorate la "el de m$lt 1a RomEn!aG n$ a$
"I1$tFo. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #24%
to2new'
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i
am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (2;)
topnews - 8 September 2014
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF244
*onat.an B. R!1kert #1%
Con'!l!er 2ol!t!1 al &mba'ade! S;& la
B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
*onat.an R!1kert a 2r!m!t ed$1aC!e la
$n!ver'!tIC!le Sale N! ?r!n1etonG d!n Statele
;n!te. & !ntrat Dn Serv!1!$l ELtern Dn 196+ N! a
l$1rat la a'.!nHtonG LondraG 0o'1ovaG So"!a
N! B$1$reNt!G Dn $lt!m$l lo1 1a Ne"FadM$n1t al amba'ade!. 6nterv!$l de ma! Mo' a "o't l$at Dn 2002.
Re2orter3 &C! $rmat 1$r'$r! de l!mba romEnI N! a2o! aC! 2le1at la B$1$reNt!.
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 &Na e'te. C$r'$r!le de l!mba romEnIG de la 6n't!t$t$l Serv!1!!lor ELterneG a$
"o't o eL2er!enCI "oarte "olo'!toare. &m "o't a1olo Dm2re$nI 1$ Bob 0arten'G v!!tor$l me$ Ne" de la
B$1$reNt!G 1$ ataNat$l e1onom!1 8on 8e 0ant!G 1$ adm!n!'trator$l 8el S.rayG N! 1$ Ne"$l 'e1C!e!
1on'$lareG Vrank 9$mm!n!a. &Na 1I am a2$1at 'I ne 1$noaNtem b!ne N!G odatI aM$nN! la B$1$reNt!G 'I
Dn1e2emG 1a 'I -!1 aNaG 1$ dre2t$l. &m tre1$t 2r!n S$ed!aG 'Fo !a$ 2e 'oC!a mea de a1oloG am
1$m2Irat $n @olvo N! am 2le1at 1Itre RomEn!aG o adevIratI avent$rI r$t!erI la a1ea vremeG $nde am
aM$n' 2e la Dn1e2$t$l l$! !$l!e 1971. :! a't"elG a Dn1e2$t $n 1a2!tol "a'1!nant d!n v!aCa meaG 7 an!
2etre1$C! Dn RomEn!a N! alC! / o1$2Dnd$FmI eL1l$'!v de a1ea'tI CarIG 1a Ne" al Serv!1!$l$! RomEn!a
de la a'.!nHtonG Dn total 12 an!G 1$ 2reo1$2area 2r!n1!2alI RomEn!a.
47
Re2orter3 Se 2are 1I 8e2artament$l de Stat a "I1$t o !nve't!C!e b$nI Dn dv'. CeFaC! HI'!t a1oloG
1Dnd aC! aM$n'U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 CDnd am aM$n'G 'e1C!a 1on'$larI avea do! "$n1C!onar! N! $n Ne"G N! 2rel$1ra
1am 2.000 de 2aNa2oarte N! alte 1a-$r! 2e anG 2l$' vreo 200 de 1erer! de !m!HrareG 1ele ma! m$lte
2entr$ DntreH!rea "am!l!!lor. Era 1on"ortab!lG aveam la d!'2o-!C!e t!m2 '$"!1!ent 1a 'I "a1 n!Nte
!nterv!$r! ma! 'er!oa'eG ele d$ra$ 1am 1/ m!n$te "!e1are N! 2$neam DntrebIr! 1are n$ avea$ vreo
leHIt$rI 1$ v!-a. Ca 'I n$ '2$n 1I m!Fam Dmb$nItIC!t '$b'tanC!al l!mba romEnIG deoare1e o
"olo'eam -!ln!1G ma! m$lte ore.
Re2orter3 &C! "I1$t ra2oarte 2ol!t!1e ba-ate 2e !n"ormaC!!le obC!n$te la a1e'te !nterv!$r!U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 8aG am datG a't"elG o mDnI de aM$tor 1on'!l!er$l$! 2ol!t!1G 1are n$ 2$tea 'I
!nter2rete-eG Dn n!1! $n "elG 1e vorbeam e$ 1$ a1e! oamen!. =n a1ele t!m2$r!G ra2oartele noa'tre 'e
ba-a$ a!1!G Dn E$ro2a de E'tG 2e 1e a2Irea Dn -!are. L$am art!1oleG le trad$1eamG le eval$am N! le
1omentamG N! e$ "I1eam la "elG darG o datI 1$ &1ord$r!le de la (el'!nk!G d$2I 1e !m!Hrarea a deven!t
!m2ortantIG a 1re'1$t N! !ntere'$l 1elor de a1a'IG al ConHre'$l$!G al Hr$2$r!lor etn!1eG "aCI de a1ea'tI
temI. &Na 1I era !m2ortant 1e d!'1$tam e$ 1$ 1e! 1are "I1ea$ 1erere de v!-e de !m!Hrare. =m!
am!nte'1 1I oamen!! Dm! '2$nea$ 1I 2r!m$l ob'ta1ol r!d!1at de a$tor!tIC! era 1ererea de el!berare a
$n$! 2aNa2ort. 0$lC! d!ntre 1e! 1$ 1are vorbeam Dm! '2$nea$G de a'emeneaG 1I n$ 2ot obC!ne $n
2aNa2ort N! ne r$Ha$ 'IF! aM$tIm N! treb$!a 'I le '2$nemG 2ol!t!1o'G 1I n$ 2$team !nterven! Dn a1ea'tI
2r!v!nCIG DnCeleHeam d$rer!le N! "r$'trIr!le lorG dar n$ 2$team "a1e n!m!1. 0!Fam!nte'1 1e '1$-e le
2re-entamG m!Fam!nte'1 N! 1$m ne 2ove'tea$ 1IG la 1oadI la 2aNa2oarteG 1$m2Ira$ lo1$r! ma! Dn
"aCIG 1a 2e'te tot Dn RomEn!a.
Re2orter3 &C! av$t vre$n 1onta1t 1$ real!tatea romEnea'1IU
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 8!n "er!1!reG da. &mba'ador$l 0eekerG $n amba'ador eL1elentG neFa
Dn1$raMat 'I 1IlItor!mG 1$G 'a$ "IrI mot!ve. =n 1on'e1!nCIG am v!-!tat toate oraNele d!n RomEn!a 1are
avea$ 2e'te 100.000 de lo1$!tor!. 8a1I m!Fam!nte'1 b!neG la vremea a1eea oraN$l B$1$reNt! avea 1G/
m!l!oane de lo1$!tor!. 8ator!tI 2ol!t!1!! 1om$n!'te de a Dm2rINt!a !nd$'tr!a Dn toatI CaraG m$lte oraNe
a$ aM$n' 'I a!bI 2e'te 100.000 de lo1$!tor!G !ar a'ta Dn'emna o 1reNtere 2lan!"!1atI. &m 1IlItor!t ma!
ale' 1$ maN!naG aNa 1I am vI-$t m$lte l$1r$r! N! 2e dr$m.
Re2orter3 CDt de de'1.!'I a "o't RomEn!aG Dn a1e! an!G 2entr$ $n d!2lomat amer!1anU @FaC! '!mC!t
'$2raveH.eatG Dn 1e mI'$rI 2$teaC! 'I aveC! 1onta1te 1$ romEn!!U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 & "o't 1ea ma! de'1.!'I 2er!oadI a CIr!! de d$2I al 66Flea rI-bo! mond!al N!
a'ta d!n 2r!1!na v!-!te! l$! 5!LonG d!n 1969G $n even!ment maMor 2entr$ RomEn!a N! 2entr$ relaC!!le
romEnoFamer!1ane. &N vrea 'I vI '2$n a1$m o m!1I 2ove'teG e'te "oarte !m2ortantI. 5!Lon a "o't la
0o'1ova Dn 2r!mIvara l$! 1968G DntrFo 1am2an!e de !maH!neG 1a om 2ol!t!1 !nternaC!onal 1are $rma
'I 1and!de-e la ?reNed!nC!e. & 'tat a1olo a2roa2e o 'I2tImDnI N! n!men! n$ a vr$t 'I 'e vadI 1$ elG a
"o't 1om2let !-olat. BreMnev a re"$-at O la "elG membr! a! H$vern$l$!. &2o!G a 2le1at la B$1$reNt! N! a
"o't tratat 1a $n adevIrat 2reNed!nte al &mer!1!!G deN! n$ eraG Dn1I. 9ot$l a "o't 2er"e1tG lFa$ 'al$tat
m$lC!m! de oamen!G re1e2C!a o"!1!alI a "o't eLtraord!narI. &2o!G 1Dnd a deven!t 2reNed!nte N! a treb$!t
'I de1!dI $nde va merHeG n$ a ale' 0o'1ovaG n!1! @arNov!aG 1! B$1$reNt!G 2r!ma v!-!tI a $n$!
2reNed!nte amer!1an Dn RomEn!a. :!G a't"elG el !Fa 2$' 2e romEn! 2e .arta l$m!!G leFa arItat 1I n$ 'Dnt
lI'aC! '!nH$r!G '$b mDna 'ov!et!1!lor.
Re2orter3 Ce 2$teC! '2$ne de a1t!v!tatea la 'e1C!a 1on'$larI a &mba'ade!U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 ;na d!ntre 1ele ma! !ntere'ante a1t!v!tIC! av$te a1olo a "o't 'I le !a$
!nterv!$r! 1elor 1are 2r!m!'erI 2aNa2oarte N! v!-e de 2le1are Dn Statele ;n!te. &1e'te 2er'oaneG de
ob!1e!G avea$ r$de a1oloG !ar $na d!n DntrebIr! era da1I a$ "o't 'a$ n$ membr! a! 2art!d$l$! 1om$n!'t.
0$lC! a$ '2$' n$ N! 'Dnt '!H$r 1I $n!! d!ntre a1eNt!a a$ m!nC!tG !ar no! n$ aveam n!1! o 2o'!b!l!tate 'I
ver!"!1ImG dar $n n$mIr '$r2r!n-Itor de mare a$ '2$' JdaG am "o't membr$ de 2art!dK.
a'.!nHton$l era "oarte l!beral 1$ a1e'te 1a-$r!G Dntr$1Dt a1eNt! oamen!G toC!G a$ '2$' 1I a$ aM$n'
!nvol$ntar Dn a1ea '!t$aC!eG 1a 'IFN! 2oatI menC!ne 'l$MbaG 'a$ 'I 2oatI $rma 't$d!! '$2er!oare et1. SI
ne am!nt!m 1I 2art!d$l 1om$n!'t aveaG la a1ea vremeG + m!l!oane de membr!G d!ntrFo 2o2$laC!e de
48
22G/ m!l!oane N!G DntrFadevIrG 'e Nt!a 1IG alIt$r! de 1e! 1are !ntra'erI de b$nIvo!e Dn 2art!dG ma!
eL!'ta$ N! 1e! 1are "$'e'erI JDnH.!C!C!K a1olo. Ca-$l 1el ma! 1om2l!1at O a2roa2e 1I am Dn1Il1at leHea
O a "o't 1el al $n$! evre$. &m vorb!t de'2re tre1$t$l 'I$G lFam Dntrebat da1I a "o't membr$ de 2art!d
N! m!Fa '2$' 1I a "o't. CDnd lFam DntrebatG Dn 1ont!n$areG de 1e a !ntrat Dn 2art!dG m!Fa rI'2$n' 1I a
!ntrat Jd!n 1onv!nHereK. Or!G a1e't rI'2$n' Dl de'1al!"!1a total 2entr$ v!-a de !m!Hrare. LFam Dntrebat
1$m v!ne a'taG Jd!n 1onv!nHereKU 0!Fa rI'2$n' 1I "am!l!a 'a a "o't d!n nord$l 9ran'!lvan!e! 1areG Dn
vremea 1el$! deFal 66Flea rI-bo! mond!alG 'Fa a"lat '$b 'tI2Dn!rea maH.!arI. 9oatI "am!l!a 'aG a
1ont!n$at elG a "o't de2ortatI N! a 2!er!t Dn laHIrele de eLterm!nare "a'1!'teG 1eea 1e lFa "I1$tG d$2I
rI-bo!G 'I o2te-e 2entr$ 1om$n!Nt!G adver'ar!! "a'1!'m$l$!. Com$n!Nt!! !Fa$ 2rom!' $n v!!tor ma!
b$nG a "o't Dn 2art!d 1DC!va an!G a $rmat o $n!ver'!tateG N! a DnCele' re2ede 1I 2art!d$l n$ era 1eea 1e 'e
aNte2ta'e. 8arG n$ eL!'taG te.n!1 vorb!ndG 2o'!b!l!tatea de a dem!'!ona d!n 2art!dG N! at$n1!G 2entr$ a
"! dat a"arIG n$ a ma! 2lIt!t 1ot!-aC!aG 1eea 1eG d$2I $n n$mIr de l$n!G !Fa atra'G a$tomatG eL1l$derea.
&m "o't 2ro"$nd !m2re'!onat de 2ove'tea l$!G N! am 1on'!derat 1I a !ntrat Dn 2art!d !nvol$ntar. 8e
a'emeneaG m!Fad$1 am!nte de o "eme!e '!m2lIG l$1ra la o "abr!1I de 1on"e1C!!G m!Fa '2$' 1I a
1.ematFo Ne"$l N! !Fa -!' JENt! $na d!n 1ele ma! b$ne l$1rItoareG treb$!e 'I !ntr! Dn 2art!dKG N! ea !Fa
rI'2$n'3 J5$ vrea$ 'I !ntr$G 2entr$ 1I 'Dnt 1red!n1!oa'I N! merH Dn "!e1are d$m!n!1I la b!'er!1IKG la
1are a1e'ta !Fa '2$' J5$ 1ontea-IG 2oC! 'I "!! membrI de 2art!d N! 'I 1ont!n$! 'I merH! la b!'er!1IK.
&m 1on'!derat 1a-$l e! $n$l J1la'!1K de !nvol$ntar!at et1. &N '2$ne 1I leHea amer!1anI 1$
nea1ordarea v!-e! de !m!Hrare 1elor 1are "$'e'erI membr! a! $n$! 2art!d 1om$n!'t avea 'en' Dn 1a-$l
1elorG de 2!ldIG d!n 0area Br!tan!eG 'a$ VranCaG dar n$ al 'ol!1!tanC!lor d!n CIr!le 1$ reH!m$r!
total!tare. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #2/%
tiri
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (2<)
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*onat.an B. R!1kert #2%
Con'!l!er 2ol!t!1 al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
Re2orter3 =n 197+ aC! "o't m$tat la 'e1C!a 2ol!t!1I
a amba'ade!. ?$teC! 'I ne vorb!C! de 'tarea
HeneralI a ra2ort$r!lor romEnoFamer!1aneG rol$l
RomEn!e! Dn E$ro2a de E'tG Dn Or!ent$l
0!Mlo1!$U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 &m '2$' 1I am aM$n' a1olo Dn !$l!e 1971. =n a1ea 2er!oadI Cea$Ne'1$ "I1ea
o 1IlItor!e Dn ELtrem$l Or!entG Dn C.!naG Dn Coreea de 5ordG !ar romEn!! a$ 1on'!deratG ma! tDr-!$G 1I
a1ela a "o't $n moment de 1ot!t$rI Dn '!t$aC!a 2ol!t!1I a CIr!!G Dntr$1Dt el a "o't "oarte !m2re'!onat de
1e a vI-$t a1oloG Dn '2e1!al Dn Coreea de 5ordG o CarI ma! a2ro2!atI de RomEn!aG de1Dt C.!na. &$
ma! '2$' 1I l$! Cea$Ne'1$ !Fa$ 2lI1$t reH!m$l de m$n1I a2roa2e "orCatI al nordF1oreen!lorG
d!'1!2l!na N! ord!nea de a1olo N! 1I al$ne1area tre2tatI a RomEn!e! 1Itre $n reH!m N! ma! re2re'!v a
Dn1e2$t de at$n1!. 8e1!G 2ot a"!rma 1I am aM$n' Dn RomEn!a DntrF$n moment !m2ortant 2entr$
evol$C!a e! v!!toare. CDnd 'Fa Dntor' d!n a1ea v!-!tIG 2r!ma mI'$rI a "o't 'I !nter-!1I tran'm!terea de
m$-!1I ro1k and roll la rad!oG dar l$mea a '2$'3 Je!G e o mI'$rI tem2orarIK. O2t!m!'m$l Heneral a
1ont!n$at 1DC!va an!G RomEn!a a mer' ma! m$lt 1a alC! 'o1!al!Nt! d!n E't 2e J1alea !$Ho'lavIKG dar
a2o!G d$2I alC! 1DC!va an!G 'Fa vI-$t 1IG de "a2tG merHea 2e J1alea albane-IKG &lban!a "!!nd Cara 1$ 1el
49
ma! re2re'!v reH!m d!n E$ro2a. C$m aC! '2$'G Dn vara l$! 197+G am "o't m$tat la 'e1C!a 2ol!t!1I. =n
2r!n1!2alG a1olo am 't$d!at 2re'a N! alte "orme de ma''Fmed!aG 2entr$ a Dn1er1a 'I vedem 1e 'e
2etre1e Dn !nter!or$l CIr!!G ad!1IG aNa 1$m 'e '2$nea la 0o'1ovaG eram J1!t!tor Dn "r$n-e de 1ea!K. Era
relat!v '!m2l$ 'I 'ta! de vorbI 1$ o"!1!al!tIC! romEneG dar a1e'tea n$ era$ 2rea de'1.!'eG d!'1$ta$
'tr!1t 2e l!n!a 2art!d$l$! N! n$ treb$!a 'I le 1ondamn!G $n '!nH$r 2a' HreN!t N! -b$ra$ la $n 2o't
neDn'emnatG Dn 2rov!n1!e. E'te !ntere'ant de notat 1I a1t$al$l 2reNed!nte al RomEn!e!G 6on 6l!e'1$
#!nterv!$l a "o't l$at Dn an$l 2002G n.red.% a "o'tG Dn a1e! an!G membr$ al B!ro$l$! ?ol!t!1 ELe1$t!v al
2art!d$l$! N! "oarte 2e l!n!a l$! Cea$Ne'1$. &2o!G n$ a "o't tr!m!' DntrF$n H$laH 1!G 2r!n an!! X70FX80G
2DnI la revol$C!eG a "o't dat a"arI d!n 1ond$1ereG a "o't tr!m!' Dn 2rov!n1!e N!G a2o!G a 1ond$' o ed!t$rI
d!n B$1$reNt!G 1$ alte 1$v!nte J! 'Fa$ '1o' 1olC!!KG 1a r!val 2otenC!al al l$! Cea$Ne'1$. 8e a'emeneaG
"!!nd la 'e1C!a 2ol!t!1IG o altI Dndeletn!1!re a "o't '1.!mb$l de !n"ormaC!! 1$ alC! 1oleH! d!n Cor2$l
8!2lomat!1. =n an!! 1om$n!'m$l$! a eL!'tat o relaC!e m$lt ma! 'trDn'I 1$ amba'adele 2r!etene d!n
5&9OG dar N! 1$ S$ed!aG 'a$ ElveC!aG de 2!ldI. Con'tata!G totdatIG 1I eH!2ten!! 'a$ Ma2one-!! era$ N!
ma! b!ne !n"ormaC! 2e an$m!te teme. =n 1a-$l 1oleH!lor d!n 5&9OG aveam DntDln!r! reH$lateG
'1.!mbam 2ermanent !n"ormaC!!G v!-!tele relat!v de'e ale oa'2eC!lor 'trI!n! la B$1$reNt!G N! !nver'G
era$ '$r'e 2reC!oa'e 2entr$ no!. C$ 1eea 1e a"lamG 2$team 1on'tr$! Dm2re$nI !maH!nea HeneralI a
vre$n$! even!mentG 'a$ a dr$m$l$! 2ar1$r' de RomEn!a. 9ot Dn a1ea 2er!oadIG membr!! ConHre'$l$!
S;& a$ 1on'!derat RomEn!a 1a "!!nd "oarte Jla modIKG N! 'Fa$ 2er!ndat 2e a1olo. & ven!t l!der$l
re2$bl!1an al Senat$l$!G ($H. S1ott. & ven!t 9ed ,ennedyG Dn'oC!t de 1on'!l!er$l l$!G Bob ($ntG
v!!tor$l amba'ador al &mer!1!! la 5&9O. & ven!t o deleHaC!e de H$vernator! de 'tate amer!1aneG a
ven!t 8av!d Ro1ke"ellerG toC! '2era$ 1I RomEn!a 'e va de'1.!de 2entr$ !nve't!C!!le amer!1aneG !ar
Ro1ke"eller a ven!t to1ma! Dn a1e't '1o2. & ven!t 'e1retar$l de Stat !ll!am RoHer'G 2entr$ 'emnarea
$ne! 1onvenC!! 1on'$lare b!laterale.
Re2orter3 &C! vorb!t de o oare1are l!n!e !nde2endentI $rmatI de RomEn!a Dn a1ea vreme. &C!
2$tea 'I detal!aC! a1ea'tI temIG 1$m 'e man!"e'ta eaG 1e "el de 2re'!n! 'ov!et!1e aC! 'e'!-at a1oloU
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 Sov!et!1!! avea$ 1ea ma! mare amba'adIG de de2arteG N! $n a11e' larHG
or!$ndeG Dn toatI RomEn!a. 8arG amba'ade! noa'tre !Fa deven!t l!m2ede 1I dor!nCa romEn!lor a "o't
a1eea de a avea o d!re1C!e !nde2endentI Dn 2ol!t!1a eLternI. 5$ a$ Dn1er1at 'I !a'I d!n ?a1t$l de la
@arNov!aG dar N!Fa$ 1reat '2aC!! de m!N1are Dn alte d!re1C!!. 8e eLem2l$G Dn t!m2$l rI-bo!$l$!
!'rael!anoFarab d!n 197+G toate CIr!le e'tFe$ro2eneG 1$ eL1e2C!a RomEn!e!G a$ r$2t relaC!!le 1$
6'rael$l. 9ot RomEn!a a "o't 2r!maG N! m$ltI vreme '!nH$ra CarI 1are a de'1.!' N! a av$t relaC!!
d!2lomat!1e 1$ Re2$bl!1a VederalI )erman!a. Ra2ort$r!le e! 1$ Statele ;n!te 'e de'"IN$ra$ 1$ tot$l
alt"el de1Dt 1ele ale &mer!1!! 1$ Ce.o'lova1!aG ;nHar!a N! 1.!ar ?olon!a. CDt de m$lte d!n toate
a1e'tea era$ doar '!mbol!1e N! '$2er"!1!aleG N! 1Dte era$ a$tent!1eG n$ma! '2e1!al!Nt!! d!n v!!tor vor "!
1a2ab!l! 'I '2$nI. 0!eG 2er'onalG m! 'Fa 2Ir$t 1I a1ea'tI 'tare de l$1r$r! dovedea eL!'tenCa $ne!
2o'!b!le "!'$r! Dn 1oe-!$nea ?a1t$l$! de la @arNov!aG 2e 1are H$vern$l Statelor ;n!te de1!'e'e 'I o
eL2loate-e. ?r!n $rmareG a "o't a1ordatI o atenC!e ma! mare RomEn!e!G alt"el o CarI de d!men'!$n!
med!!G n$ eLtraord!nar de !m2ortantIG $n 'atel!t al ;n!$n!! Sov!et!1e. &m av$t o teor!e 2e 1are n$ am
2$t$t 'Fo demon'tre-G a1eea 1I 'ov!et!1!! a$ "o't d!'2$N! 'I 2erm!tI o an$m!tI marMI de !nde2endenCI
Dn 2ol!t!1a !nternIG aNa 1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat Dn ;nHar!aG $nde a "o't o relaLare 2e 2artea e1onom!e!G 'a$
Dn 2ol!t!1a eLternIG 1$m 'Fa 2etre1$t 1$ RomEn!aG dar n!1!odatI Dn ambele 'en'$r!G Dn a1eeaN! CarI. =n
1a-$l RomEn!e!G 2reC$lG 'I -!1emG al 2ol!t!1!! 'ale eLterne de a 2erm!te em!Hrarea evre!lor N! a
Herman!lor a "o't 1IG Dn !nter!orG n$ a$ eL!'tat m!N1Ir! de Hen$l Sol!dar!tIC!!G d!n ?olon!aG 'a$ al
Carte! 77G d!n Ce.o'lova1!a. Re2etG d!n a1ea'tI 2r!1!nI 'ov!et!1!! a$ 2erm!' RomEn!e! o 2ol!t!1I
eLternI ma! relaLatIG 2entr$ 1I a1ea'tI CarI a 2lIt!t 1el ma! mare 2reCG 1Dnd a "o't vorba de 'trDn'$l
N$r$b$l$! 2e 2lan !ntern.
Re2orter3 @reC! 1$mva 'I '$HeraC! 1IG Nt!!nd a1e't l$1r$G no! n$ am ma! "o't !ntere'aC! de '!t$aC!a
!nternI d!n RomEn!aG 1I a1ea'ta nFa 1on't!t$!t 2entr$ no! o 2roblemI maMorIG de1Dt ma! tDr-!$U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 Core1tG n$ a "o't o 2roblemI Dn atenC!a noa'trI la Dn1e2$t$l an!lor X70G 1Dnd
am "o't !ntere'aC! doar de 2ol!t!1a e! eLternI. 8re2t$r!le om$l$! a$ deven!t o temI !m2ortantI Dn
2ol!t!1a eLternI amer!1anI o datI 1$ 2reNed!ntele Carter. 5$ 1I ea ar "! l!2'!t Dna!nteG dar Carter a
"o't 1el 1are a 2$'Fo Dn "r$ntea aHende! Dn relaC!!le noa'tre 1$ m$lte CIr!G !n1l$'!v 1ele e'tFe$ro2ene.
/0
8e'!H$rG N! Dna!nte am vorb!t de valor! N! de ne1e'!tatea $ne! l!bertIC! ma! mar!G Dn HeneralG a l!bertIC!!
de m!N1are Dn mod deo'eb!t. &1ord$r!le de la (el'!nk!G d!n 197/G a$ 2re1!2!tat l$1r$r!le Dn a1e'te
d!re1C!!. &m $rmIr!t N! '!t$aC!a !nternI d!n RomEn!aG Dndeo'eb! 2roblemele leHate de 2er'e1$C!!le
rel!H!oa'eG 'a$ alte 1a-$r! !nd!v!d$ale darG re2etG tot$l 'Fa 2rod$' ma! tDr-!$. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #26%
t!r!
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (2C)
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tiri - 12 September 2014
*onat.an B. R!1kert #+%
Con'!l!er 2ol!t!1 al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#1971F1974%
Re2orter3 O,G ma! dor!C! 'I '2$neC! 1eva 1$
2r!v!re la 2r!ma dv. m!'!$ne Dn RomEn!aG d!n
an!! 191F1974U
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 RomEn!! 'Dnt 2r$denC!G dar
"!rea lor 2r!etenoa'I leFa an!.!lat m$lte !n.!b!C!!G
a$ vr$t 'I "!e 2r!eten! 1$ amer!1an!! N! 1$ alC!
'trI!n!. &m Dn1.eHat 2r!eten!! Dn an!! X70 1are d$rea-I N! a1$mG ma! ale' 1$ oamen!! de 1$lt$rI. &m
deven!t 2r!eten! 1$ 1el ma! mare 2!1tor romEnG Cornel!$ BabaG 1are a m$r!t d$2I 90 de an!G N! 2e a
1Ir$! vId$vI am revI-$tFo re1ent la B$1$reNt!. 5eFam Dm2r!eten!t N! 1$ alC!!G oamen! 1are 'Fa$ 2$rtat
Dntotdea$na 1ore1t d!n 2$n1t de vedere 2ol!t!1G neFa$ mIrt$r!'!t 1IG 2e vrem$r!G a$ "o't obl!HaC! 'I
'1r!e la 'e1$r!tate de'2re DntDln!r!le noa'tre N! 1I a'ta a "o't '!nH$ra 1ale 'I 2$tem menC!ne relaC!!le.
;n alt "enomen "oarte romEne'1 la a1ele vrem$r! a$ "o't Hl$mele 2ol!t!1e. RomEn!lor le 2lI1ea
"oarte tare 'I le 2$nI Dn 1!r1$laC!eG era o 1ale de a 'e ma! el!bera de 2re'!$n!le eL!'tente. =n1I m!F
am!nte'1 $nele d!ntre eleG de alt"elG 1am o datI 2e tr!me'tr$ tr!m!team a1a'I $n ra2ort ded!1at
eL1l$'!v Hl$melor 2ol!t!1e a2Ir$te Dn $lt!mele l$n!. =n 1972 RomEn!a N! Statele ;n!te N!Fa$ d!'2$tat
la B$1$reNt! "!nala C$2e! 8av!' la ten!'. 0e1!$l 'Fa M$1at 2e -H$rIG amer!1an!! DndeobNte 2re"era$
'$2ra"eCele tar!G ra2!deG N! n$ era$ 2rea Dn1EntaC! de teren$l de la B$1$reNt!. & "o't tot$N! o "!nalI
"oarte d!'2$tatIG 2e 1are am $rmIr!tFo d!n tr!b$nI 1$ '$"let$l la H$rI. &lt l$1r$ 2e 1are m!Fl am!nte'1
e'te 1IG d!n 1Dnd Dn 1DndG eram v!-!taC! Dn RomEn!a de 1Dte $n -!ar!'t !m2ortant amer!1an. OdatIG 1Dnd
Ne"$l me$ l!2'eaG a ven!t 1$no'1$t$l Strobe 9albottG de la rev!'ta 960E. LFam l$at la no! a1a'IG la
2rDn-G lo1$!am DntrF$n blo1G la etaM$l /G DntrF$n a2artament 1$ do$I 1amere. Era $n a2artament
drIH$CG dar l!"t$l era 'tr!1at 1ea ma! mare 2arte a t!m2$l$!G 1eva 1am ne2lI1$t. ?r!m$l l$1r$ 2e 1are
Strobe lFa "I1$tG 1Dnd a aM$n' a1a'IG a "o't 'I !n'2e1te-e b!bl!ote1a. &veam a1olo do$I vol$me de
memor!! ale l$! (r$N1!ovG 2e 1are el le trad$'e'e d!n r$'I. 0!Fam!nte'1 1I a '2$' 1I aveam m$lt b$n
H$'t Dn 1e 2r!veNte 'ele1C!a 1IrC!lor. La a1ea vremeG Strobe Nedea la BelHradG a1o2erea reH!$nea
bal1an!1I N! e't!1I N! 1IlItorea o1a-!onal la B$1$reNt!.
Re2orter3 &C! menC!onat 1I Leonard 0eeker a "o't amba'ador 2e vremea 1Dnd aC! l$1rat Dn 'e1C!a
1on'$larI.
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 8aG a "o't a1olo 2entr$ do! an!G a2o! Bob 0arten' a deven!t Dn'Ir1!nat 1$
a"a1er!G a2o!G la Dn1e2$t$l l$! 1974 leFa $rmat (arry Barne'. =n a$H$'t 1969 (arry a "o't !nter2ret$l
l$! 5!Lon la B$1$reNt!G vorbeNte o romEnI eL1elentI.
Re2orter3 &lt1eva de'2re RomEn!aU
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 RomEn!a e'te o CarI "oarte "r$noa'IG 1$ 2e!'aMe montane '2lend!deG $n
l!toral atra1t!vG 1$ -one r$rale 1are aratI Dn1I de 2r!n 'eol$l$l al 19Flea. O 1omoarI $n!1I a RomEn!e!
'Dnt mDnI't!r!le ortodoLe d!n 0oldovaG "a!moa'e 2entr$ "re'1ele lor 2!1tate N! 2e 2ereC!! eLter!or!.
/1
C$lor!le 'Fa$ 2I'trat "oarte b!neG n$ 'e 2rea Nt!e de1eG alba'tr$l e'te "I1$t d!n la2!' la-$l! N! n$ 'Fa
Nter' delo1. @!-!tarea lor a "o't 2entr$ no! o eL2er!enCI $n!1IG am "o't a1olo 1$ 'oC!a N! 1$ "am!l!a
amba'ador$l$! S$ed!e!G am lo1$!t la mDnI't!r!G am mDn1at a1oloG neFam 2l!mbat 2r!n Dm2reM$r!m!.
8eN! romEn!! a$ o 2ol!t!1I o"!1!alI ant!rel!H!oa'IG a1ea'ta n$ a "o't !m2$'I 1$ "orCaG 2entr$ 1I
B!'er!1a OrtodoLI a "o't o 2arte !m2ortantI a !'tor!e! lor naC!onaleG a 1$lt$r!! lor naC!onale. C.!ar N!
membr!! de 2art!d Dm! '2$nea$ 1IG o"!1!alG 'e 1I'Itor!'erI la B$1$reNt!G dar 1I 'Fa$ Dntor' Dn 'atele lor
natale N! 'Fa$ 1I'Itor!t rel!H!o'. La "elG adI$Ha$ e!G 1o2!! a$ "o't bote-aC! tot la 'at N! a1ea 2arte a
1$lt$r!! romEneNt! era Dn1I "oarte v!e 2e vremea 1Dnd am "o't d!2lomat a1olo. ?aNteleG de 2!ldIG era
1eva "anta't!1 Dn an!!X70 Dn RomEn!a. Cred!n1!oN!! n$ era$ Dn1$raMaC! de reH!mG !ar la b!'er!1!G Dn
B$1$reNt!G Dn -!lele ob!Nn$!te 'e d$1ea$G ma! ale'G bItrDn!! N! 1e! "oarte t!ner!G 1o2!!G b$n!1!! N! 1e! "IrI
'l$Mbe o"!1!ale. 8e ?aNt! Dn'IG 'erv!1!$l rel!H!o' Dn1e2ea 2e la 10 'eara N! 'e term!na d$2I m!e-$l
no2C!! N! toate b!'er!1!le era$ 2l!ne o1.! de oamen!. ;n ob!1e! 1are n$ eL!'tI Dn B$lHar!a N! R$'!aG 1!
doar Dn RomEn!aG e'te 1aG la '"DrN!t$l 'l$Mbe!G "!e1are 'I a2r!ndI o l$mDnare Dn "aCa b!'er!1!! N! 'I o
d$1I a2r!n'I a1a'I. CDnd 2le1am 1$ maN!na 1Itre 1a'IG vedeam oamen! 1$ l$mDnIr! a2r!n'e Dn
tramva!eG Dn taL!$r!G Dn 2ar1$r!G 2e bIn1!G RomEn!a era o CarI "oarte rel!H!oa'I Dn 2l!n 1om$n!'mG
d!ntre toate CIr!le 1om$n!'te 2e $nde am l$1rat 'a$ leFam v!-!tatG RomEn!a a "o't 1ea ma! de'1.!'I Dn
1e 2r!veNte menC!onerea trad!C!!lor ortodoLeG a1olo am vI-$t oamen! "I1Dnd 'emn$l 1r$1!! 2e 'tradIG
Dn "aCa b!'er!1!lor. ?obab!l l$1r$r!le 'tItea$ la "el N! Dn ?olon!aG dar d!ntre toate CIr!le ortodoLeG n!1!
$na n$ 'Fa a'em$!t 1$ RomEn!a.
Re2orter3 @orb!C! de'2re relaC!!le RomEn!e! 1$ ve1!n!! e!G B$lHar!aG ;nHar!aG la Dn1e2$t$l an!lor
X70.
*onat.an B. R!1kert3 8aG mFa No1at !HnoranCa romEn!lor "aCI de B$lHar!aG la "el a b$lHar!lor "aCI
de romEn!. &m ob'ervat 1I romEn!! Nt!a$ ma! m$lte l$1r$r! de'2re Statele ;n!teG de1Dt de'2re
B$lHar!a N! a2o!G 1Dnd am l$1rat la So"!aG 1I b$lHar!! Nt!a$ ma! m$lte de'2re )erman!a VederalIG
de1Et de'2re RomEn!aG N! a'ta Dn 1!$da "a2t$l$! 1I era$ ve1!n! !med!aC!G membr! a! C&ER N! a!
?a1t$l$! de la @arNov!a. =n '1.!mbG romEn!! Nt!$ m$lte l$1r$r! de'2re ;nHar!aG dar n$ le 2lI1ea.
;nHar!a o1$2a'e 9ran'!lvan!a de 5ord Dn t!m2$l 1el$! de al do!lea rI-bo! mond!al N! romEn!! 'e
temea$ de !redent!'m. 8eN! $nH$r!! N! romEn!! 'e DnCeleHea$ 2er"e1t la n!vel $manG Dntre e! a eL!'tat
Dntotdea$na o 'tare a2I'Itoare. RomEn!lor le 2lI1ea$ !$Ho'lav!!G D! 1on'!dera$ rebel!G ne'$2$N!G 'e
'!mCea$ a'emInItor! 1$ e!. 0a! rImDnea$ 'ov!et!1!!G 1$ 1are avea$ 1ea ma! l$nHI "ront!erI. =n an!!
X90G 1Dnd o"!1!al!! romEn! era$ DntrebaC! 1are era 1el ma! b$n ve1!n al lorG 2r!mea$ $n rI'2$n' 1are
2$tea "oarte b!ne 'I 'e 2otr!vea'1I an!lor X70G 1Dnd am l$1rat e$ a1olo. &"lat la a'.!nHton Dn an!!
90G la Dntrebarea 1$ 1el ma! b$n ve1!n al RomEn!e!G d$2I 1Dteva 1l!2e de HDnd!reG m!n!'tr$l romEn de
ELterne a rI'2$n'[ JCel ma! b$n ve1!n al no'tr$ e'te 0area 5eaHrIK. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte Nt!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant
&lte Nt!r!
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantF24
A"te $tiri - 11 September 2014
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (2H)
0arten van (e$ven #1%
:e"$l B!ro$l$! RomEn!aG
8e2artament$l de StatG a'.!nHton
#197+F1974%
0arten @an (e$ven a ab'olv!t $n!ver'!tIC!le Sale N! Col$mb!aG d!n Statele ;n!te N! a l$1rat Dn
Serv!1!$l ELternG la Berl!nG Br$Lelle'G (aHaG Bonn N! )eneva. & dat a1e't !nterv!$ Dn an$l 200+.
/2
Re2orter3 8e1!G 1Dnd vFaC! o1$2at de RomEn!aU
0arten van (e$ven3 E'te 1eea 1e am "I1$t Dn 197+ N! 1974G 2roHram 1om2let. & "o'tG 2entr$
m!neG $n l$1r$ 1$ tot$l d!"er!tG aveam +0 de an! N! a "o't 2r!ma mea eL2er!enCI Dn relaC!! d!2lomat!1e
b!laterale.
Re2orter3 CDnd aC! 2rel$at b!ro$lG 1e !n"ormaC!! aC! 2r!m!t de la 1oleH! Dn 2r!v!nCa l$! Cea$Ne'1$U
0arten van (e$ven3 0Fam a1omodat de't$l de re2ede 1$ a1e't '$b!e1t. Era$ do$I l$1r$r! de'2re
Cea$Ne'1$. ?r!m$lG 1I era $n Hen de d!1tator "oarte ne2lI1$t N! aHre'!v. &l do!leaG 1I a "o't amab!l N!
2r!eteno' 1$ 5!Lon 1Dnd a1e'ta n$ aM$n'e'e Dn1I la Ca'a &lbIG !ar 5!Lon a a2re1!at $lter!or 1.e't!a
a'ta. 8e1!G !atIFne Dn "aCa $n$! 2aradoL. &m "o't de do$I or! Dn RomEn!a N! ambele l$1r$r! m! 'Fa$
1on"!rmat. &m vI-$t a1olo $n reH!m "oarte re2re'!vG ma! re2re'!v de1Dt Dn )erman!a de E't darG 1el
2$C!n n$ era d!re1t de2endent de 0o'1ova. Era $n reH!m re2re'!v 2e 1ont 2ro2r!$ N! a "o't 2I1at 'I
vId o CarI 1$ o !'tor!e 1$lt$ralI atDt de boHatIG 1$ o l!mbI eleHantIG 1$ oamen! drIH$C! N! !ntere'anC!G
'$2r!matI de $n t!2 1a Cea$Ne'1$ darG 1e 'I "a1emG treb$!a 'I avem deFa "a1e 1$ el. &2o!G Cea$Ne'1$
a ven!t Dn Statele ;n!te Dn 2er!oada 1Dnd am 1ond$' B!ro$l RomEn!aG a "o'tG Dn "a2tG $lt!m$l v!-!tator
2r!m!t de 5!Lon la Ca'a &lbI #Dna!nte 1a 5!Lon 'I "! "o't dem!'G d!n "$n1C!a de 2reNed!nteG n. red.%.
0!Fad$1 am!nte de a1ea -! Dn'or!tIG de "an"ara de 2e 2aM!Nte. 8!n 2r!1!na 2o-!C!e! meleG eram 1$
R$t.G 'oC!a meaG la '"DrN!t$l rDnd$l$! de Ha-de 2re-entate de 2reNed!nte oa'2eC!lor. Cea$Ne'1$ era N! el
1$ 'oC!a. 8$2I v!-!tIG a$ eL!'tat o m$lC!me de 2oveNt!G 1Dt a "o't de d!"!1!l 'I ne o1$2Im de '$!ta l$!
Cea$Ne'1$G 1Dt de 2arano!1! era$ N! elG N! ea Dn 2r!v!nCa 2ro2r!!lor 2er'oane N! a 'e1$r!tIC!! lor. Era$G
de a'emeneaG ne'o1!ab!l!G ne1!o2l!C!G N! Dm2!ed!1aC!. 5!Lon N! 'oC!a l$! a$ arItat "oarte 'tDnMen!C!. &Na
1I era !ntere'ant 'IF! ve-! 2e 1e! 4 2e 2aM!Ntea Ca'e! &lbeG neNt!!nd 1$m 'I 'e 2oarte $n!! 1$ 1e!lalC!G
2Irea 1I a'!Nt! la $n teatr$ Ma2one- de 2I2$N!.
Re2orter3 &m a$-!t 1I Cea$NeNt!! era$ 2l!1t!'!tor!G n$ re$Nea n!men! 'I tran'"orme v!-!ta lor DntrF
$n even!ment 2lI1$t n!1! 2entr$ e!G N! n!1! 2entr$ Ha-de.
0arten van (e$ven3 Ea era o ne'$"er!tIG !ar el N! ma! !n'$2ortab!lG n$ '1.!Ca$ n!1! $n -DmbetG n$
rDdea$ delo1G tot$l era la e! 'er!o-!tate. 8e'!H$rG 2oC! '2$ne 1I 'e a"la$ 2e $n ter!tor!$ 'trI!n N! 1I ar "!
"o't 1r!'2aC! 1.!ar N! Dn 1ond!C!! normaleG dar n$ era aNa. ?$r N! '!m2l$G t!2!! n$ avea$ n!1! $n dram de
$mor. &lC! romEn! 1$ 1are am av$t deFa "a1e era$ "oarte d!"er!C!. &mba'ador$l romEn la a.!nHtonG
Cornel!$ BoHdanG era $n d!2lomat DnCele2t N! man!erat. Era $n$l d!n 2$C!n!! evre! Dn 'erv!1!$l eLtern
romEne'1. 8$2I 1990G el a M$1at $n rol maMorG dar n$ma! 2entr$ '1$rtI vremeG deoare1e a av$t $n
ata1 de !n!mI N! a m$r!t. & "o't o 2!erdere 2entr$ Cara N! "am!l!a l$!. &lC! membr! a! amba'ade! era$
oamen! 1$lt!vaC!G am av$t relaC!! b$ne 1$ e!G ne vedeam de't$l de reH$lat. &m a"latG ma! tDr-!$G 1I
$n$l d!ntre e! a 1er$t a-!l 2ol!t!1 N! 'Fa "I1$t 2!erd$t 2e $ndevaG Dn &mer!1a. Or!1$mG RomEn!a neFa
r!d!1at 2robleme. Serv!1!!le de Se1$r!tate romEneNt!G de alt"el eL1elenteG 'tItea$ d$2I oamen!! noNtr!
de la amba'adIG neFa$ 1reat m$lte Hre$tIC!. 0etodele lor de l$1r$ era$ 1ele trad!C!onaleG aM$nHea$ 'I
ne 1$noa'1I ob!1e!$r!le et1. 'I 2rovoa1e 1onver'aC!! 1om2rom!CItoareG 'I Dn1er1e 'I obC!nI "otoHra"!!
1om2rom!CItoareG treb$!a 'I avem m$ltI Hr!MI. La 2r!ma mea v!-!tI a1oloG am "o't !n'talat DntrF$n
.otelG d$2I M$mItate de orI m!Fa$ '1.!mbat 1ameraG !ar at$n1! amba'ada a de1!' 'I "!$ m$tat la
lo1$!nCa Ne"$l$! adM$n1t al 0!'!$n!!. &m "o't a'1$ltat N! '$2raveH.eat eLa1t 1a Dn )erman!a de E't.
&m 2le1at 1$ do! 1oleH! DntrFo 1IlItor!e 2r!n RomEn!aG 'I v!-!tIm -one 1$ 2o2$laC!e HermanIG N! am
"o't '$r2r!n' 2lI1$t 'I 1on'tat 1IG DntrFadevIrG eL!'ta$ lo1$r! 1$ 2o2$laC!a 2re2onderent vorb!toate de
HermanI. 0$lC! em!Hra'erI Dna!nte de 1990G dar ma! rImI'e'erI de't$!G o m!nor!tate l$teranI
HermanI. RomEn!a era 2e at$n1! o CarI "oarte "r$moa'IG dar 'Ira1I N! 2ro't adm!n!'tratI.
Re2orter3 @reC! 'I '2$neC! 1I CaraG 1a re'$r'eG e'te 'Ira1IU RomEn!a a av$t 2etrolG n$ m$ltG dar a
av$tG 'ol$l e'te deo'eb!t de "ert!l a1oloG lDnHI 8$nIre N! 8eltIG 'a$ n$ a "o't aNa de boHatI 2e 1Dt 'Fa
'2$'.
0arten van (e$ven3 5$ 1red 1I e'te aNa de boHatI 2e 1Dt 'e '2$ne. E adevIratG a eL!'tat 2etrol N!
a "o't o '$r'I !m2ortantI de ven!t$r!. 6n'talaC!!le de eL2loatare era$G Dn'IG ve1.! N! Dn 'tare 2roa'tI.
5$ Nt!$ 1are e'te '!t$aC!a d!n aHr!1$lt$rIG dar '!H$r n$ 'e "I1ea "oameG 1red 1I romEn!! 2rod$1ea$
'$"!1!ent 1a 'I a!bI 1e 'I mInDn1e. Se1$r!tatea eraG Dn'IG 2re-entI 2ret$t!nden!G era o 'o1!etate
Dn"r!1oNatI de moarte de ve1!n!! 'I!G 'a$ de alC!!. EL!'ta$ m$lC! !n"ormator!G 2ede2'ele 2entr$
/+
non1on"orm!Nt! era$ 'evereG n$ era$ Dm2$N1aC!G dar v!aCa lor 2$tea deven! "oarte amarIG da1I n$ 'e
'$2$nea$.
Re2orter3 Se DntDm2la$ 1.e't!!le alea de 1are 'e a$-eaG 1$ "I1$t$l "orCat al 1o2!!lorG "IrI 1a 'I
eL!'te 1ond!C!!le 'o1!ale 2entr$ DnHr!M!rea N! 1reNterea lorG 'a$ a'ta a "o't ma! tDr-!$U
0arten van (e$ven3 8aG 'Fa DntDm2lat ma! tDr-!$. =n a1ea vreme n$ Nt!am n!m!1 de treaba a'taG
2entr$ 1IG 2$r N! '!m2l$ n$ aveam a11e'G n$ avea a11e' n!1! $n d!2lomat d!n RomEn!a. &mba'adele
d!'1$ta$ m$lt Dntre eleG eL!'ta $n lo1 $nde toatI l$mea merHea 'I 'e re1ree-eG 'I Moa1e ten!'G 'I
DnoateG $n 1l$b d!2lomat!1. 8arG Dn HeneralG 1ontrol$l d!2lomaC!lor era 'tr!1tG era$ 2ermanent
'$2raveH.eaC!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B to2new' B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #28%
to2new'
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (2G)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4d!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF284
topnews - 12 September 2014
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (2G)
0arten van (e$ven #2%
:e"$l B!ro$l$! RomEn!aG
8e2artament$l de StatG a'.!nHton
#197+F1974%
0arten van (e$ven3 9reb$!e 'I vorbe'1 de'2re (arry Barne'. ?er!oada 1Dt am l$1rat la B!ro$l
RomEn!a a a1o2er!t mandatele a do! amba'ador!. ;n$l a "o't Leonard 0eekerG 2entr$ 1are l$1ra'em
Dna!nteG la 8e2artament$l *$r!d!1. La vremea a1eeaG el deC!nea 2o-!C!a de 1on'!l!er M$r!d!1G a2o! a "o't
n$m!t amba'ador Dn RomEn!a. CDnd am "o't Dn 2r!ma v!-!tI a1oloG el N! BeverlyG 'oC!a l$!G era$ la
B$1$reNt!. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1I Beverly 2$'e'e la re-!denCa lorG 2e'te totG 'emne 1$ T"$mat$l o2r!tKG
1eea 1e era "oarte No1ant O toC! romEn!! "$ma$G la "el 1e! ma! m$lC! o11!dental!G eaG Dn'IG a !n'!'tat.
Barne' a "o't $n amba'ador a1t!v!'tG 1a 'I '2$n aNa. LFam 1$no'1$t la a'.!nHtonG Dn t!m2 1e 'e
2reHItea 2entr$ 2o't N! 2ot 'I '2$n 1I era $n t!2 2l!n de enerH!e N! !maH!naC!eG 1$ !de! nel!m!tate.
&vea $n talent deo'eb!t 'I 'e DnCeleaHI 1$ romEn!!G toatI l$mea a "o't tr!'tI a1oloG at$n1! 1Dnd ! 'Fa
Dn1.e!at m!'!$nea N! a ven!t vremea 'I 2le1e. & "o't a1el Hen de amba'ador 1are a lI'at !m2re'!!
2$tern!1e N! a dat '2eranCe mar! t$t$rorG $neor! '2eranCe 2e'te 2$ter!le 'aleG '2eranCe DntrF$n v!!tor
1are n$ 'Fa 2$t$tG d!n 2I1ateG mater!al!-a.
Re2orter3 RomEn!a era 'o1ot!tI $n "el de 6$Ho'lav!a. &m "olo'!tFo no!G 1$mvaG 1a 'I 2Itr$ndem
ma! b!ne Dn blo1$l e't!1U
0arten van (e$ven3 8a1I 2reNed!nteleG 'a$ 'e1retar$l de Stat ,!''!nHer avea vreo !dee 'a$
!ntenC!e a'1$n'IG 1$ '!H$ranCI 1I n$ a$ d!'1$tatFo 1$ m!ne. 9reb$!a 'I C!n 1ont 2ermanent de "a2t$l
1I 2reNed!ntele avea o an$m!tI 'lIb!1!$ne 2entr$ Cea$Ne'1$ N!G de1!G 2entr$ RomEn!a. 8!n a1ea'tI
2r!1!nIG v!-!ta a1e't$!a a mer' .otIrDt Dna!nteG deN! toatI 2ove'tea era 2$C!n 1am b!-arI. 9ot$N!G la
a1ea vreme RomEn!a era 'o1ot!t!I $n "el de brokerG de !ntermed!arG DntrF$n n$mIr de 1.e't!$n!
HlobaleG dar 2robab!l 1I !maH!naC!a noa'trI a "o't ma! 2$tern!1I de1Dt 1eea 1e a1ea'tI CarI eraG 1$
adevIratG Dn 'tare. EraG Dn'IG 1eva "!re'1 'I 'e d!'1$te 1$ RomEn!aG "!e 1I a "o't vorba de 1ontrol$l
DnarmIr!lorG 'a$ de relaC!!le Henerale E'tF@e'tG 'a$ de 1ele 1$ C.!naG N! a'ta a "I1$t d!n a1ea CarI $n
'$b!e1t !ntere'ant de $rmIr!tG 1a 'I 2r!1e2em 1Dt era "$m N! 1Dt era "o1G 1Dt ne era "olo'!toareG N! 1Dt n$.
RomEn!aG de1!G la a1ea vremeG n$ era delo1 o CarI 2a'!vIG romEn!! 'e aH!ta$ de 1oloF1oloG "IrI 'I a!bI
Dn '2atele lor o '$'C!nere 1$m a av$t 6$Ho'lav!a3 DntreaHa m!N1are a CIr!lor neal!n!ate. E! a$ M$1at $n
/4
rol Dn a1ea'tI m!N1areG dar n$ $n$l de l!derG 1a BelHrad$lG !ar a'ta a re"le1tat v!-!$nea l$! Cea$Ne'1$
N! a CIr!! 'ale de'2re E$ro2a N! de'2re L$me. 8arG Dn o2!n!a meaG a1ea'tI v!-!$ne n$ a "o't 1eva
deo'eb!tG n$ 1red 1I RomEn!a a lI'at 1eva $rme a'$2ra !'tor!e! !nternaC!onale a a1elor an!. =m!
"I1eamG 2$r N! '!m2l$G dator!aG 2entr$ 1I n$ 'e Nt!a n!1!odatI 1e 2$tea 'I $rme-eG 2$tea 'I a2arI $n
ra2ort 1DndvaG de $ndevaG N! 'I relate-e 1I romEn!! "I1$'erI 1eva N!G Dn a1e't 'en'G treaba mea era $na
!ntere'antI.
Re2orter3 Cred 1I Dn '!t$aC!a a'taG 1$ o RomEn!e 1are 'e ame'te1a Dn 2ol!t!1!le TbI!eC!lor mar!KG
1onv!n'I 1I e'te N! ea $n M$1Itor ma! mare de1Dt era Dn real!tateG 1redG re2etG 1I aveaC! de't$l de m$lte
l$1r$r! de 2$' la 2$n1t N! 1lar!"!1at la b!ro$l dv'. Cred 1I 1e! 1are 'e o1$2a$ de CIr! ma! 'er!oa'eG 1a
;n!$nea Sov!et!1IG 'a$ C.!naG era$ tentaC! 'I vI '2$nI Tn$ ne bate la 1a2G d$Fte N! la'IFneK. @! 'Fa
DntDm2lat aNa 1evaU
0arten van (e$ven3 8!n 2r!1!na !ntere'$l$! notor!$ al 2reNed!ntel$!G da1I aveam 1eva de '2$'
de'2re RomEn!aG n$ m!Fera Hre$ 'I ad$1 a1el 1eva Dn atenC!a vre$ne! 2er'oane. &veam $n '!'tem
b!ne 2$' la 2$n1t Dn 'erv!1!$l e't!1G de a '1.!mba !n"ormaC!! N! de a ne a'!H$ra 1I 1eea 1e era
!m2ortant va aM$nHe la 1e! de la vDr" N! 1I n$ va "! lI'at deo2arte. 5$Fm! am!nte'1 'I "! "o't vreodatI
!HnoratG 'a$ $!tat. 0!Fera de "olo' 1I am bene"!1!at de 1olaborarea a do! amba'ador! 1a2ab!l!G 1$
relaC!! 2er'onale. 8arG 'I n$ $!tIm 1I RomEn!a n$ era $n 2r!etenG 1I 'e a"la de 2artea 1ealaltI a
de'2IrC!t$r!! E'tF@e'tG 1IG d!n1olo de toate Mo1$r!le 2e 1are le "I1eaG n$ era o CarI 2e 1are 2$tea!
1onta. 9reaba mea era 'I am deFa "a1e 1$ amer!1an!! 1are l$1ra$ d!n1olo de Cort!na de V!er N! 'I
$rmIre'1 1$ atenC!e N! 1alm even!mentele de a1olo. 8e'!H$rG la a1ea vremeG n$ 'e 2$tea$ ant!1!2a
evol$C!!le 1are 'Fa$ 2rod$' $lter!orG N! n!1! moartea l$! Cea$Ne'1$G aNa 1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat ea.
Re2orter3 SFa DntDm2lat 'I l$1re- Dn 6$Ho'lav!aG toC! 1e! de a1oloG de la amba'adIG am av$t $n
an$m!t re'2e1t 2entr$ 9!to. 5$ eram de 2artea l$! 100RG dar Dl re'2e1tam. & eL!'tat a1elaN! re'2e1t la
amba'ada de la B$1$reNt!G 2entr$ Cea$Ne'1$U
0arten van (e$ven3 5$. Cea$Ne'1$ era vI-$t aNa 1$m era. E$ n$ lFam 1$no'1$t la B$1$reNt!G lF
am 't$d!at la a'.!nHtonG Dn 1$r'$l a1ele! 1IlItor!! 2r!n &mer!1aG d$2I Nederea la a'.!nHtonG am
"o't membr$ al deleHaC!e! 1areFl Dn'oCeaG Dn a1elaN! av!on. Era o 2er'oanI bICoa'IG "IrI '!mC$l
$mor$l$!G dar 2ot '2$ne 1I avea tot t!m2$l Dn m!nte !ntere'ele CIr!! 'ale. &m v!-!tat d!"er!te $-!neG
!n1l$'!v )eneral Ele1tr!1G la (art"ordG Dn Conne1t!1$tG el era vId!t !ntere'at 'I aNe-e RomEn!a 2e
.arta l$m!!G 'I "a1I leHIt$r! 1$ marea !nd$'tr!e N! 'I "a1I a"a1er!. =n a1ea 1IlItor!eG Cea$Ne'1$ 'Fa
b$1$rat de m$ltI atenC!eG am 'tat a2roa2e tre! -!le Dn 5ordFE'tG d$2I 1are lFam d$' la &ero2ort$l
,ennedyG la 5ew SorkG 'I !a av!on$l 1Itre 1a'I.
Re2orter3 8oamna Cea$Ne'1$ avea 2retenC!a 1I era o m!n$ne a Nt!!nCe!G dar 'e 2are 1I avea t!tl$r!
Nt!!nC!"!1e "al'eG n$U &C! M$1at 1$ ea Mo1$l 1$ TNt!m 1I 'DnteC! !ntere'atI 'I vedeC! laboratoare de
1er1etare et1.KU
0arten van (e$ven3 5Fam av$t $n 2roHram '2e1!al 2entr$ doamna Cea$Ne'1$G la a'.!nHton a
'tat tot t!m2$l 1$ 'oC$l. & "o't Dn a1elaN! av!on 1$ elG de 1are vorbeamG a mer' la a1eleaN! $-!neG nFa
av$t n!1! $n rol 2er'onal. 8arG 2ot 'I a"!rm 1I t!2a arIta 1a o adevIratI 2a1o'teG n!m!1 2lI1$t 'a$
am$-ant de'2re ea. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B St!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #29%
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.& Rom/&ia (2:)
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tiri - 15 September 2014
//
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (2:)
6nt' 0. S!l!n'
&taNat e1onom!1 N! 1omer1!al al &mba'ade!
S;& la B$1$reNt! N! Ne"$l B!ro$l$! RomEn!a la
8e2artament$l de Stat
#197+F197/ N! 1976F1978%
5I'1$t Dn Leton!aG amba'ador$l S!l!n' a $rmat
$n!ver'!tIC!le ?r!n1eton N! (arvard d!n Statele
;n!te. & !ntrat Dn d!2lomaC!e Dn 1969 N! a l$1rat la Sa!HonG B$1$reNt!G Sto1k.olmG ?ort a$ ?r!n1eG
Len!nHrad N! Stra'bo$rH. =ntre 1992 N! 199/ a "o't amba'ador$l S;& Dn Leton!aG a l$1rat la
8e2artament$l de Stat. 6nterv!$l a "o't a1ordat Dn 1998.
Re2orter3 C$ 1e vFaC! o1$2at la B$1$reNt!G 1a ataNat 1omer1!al N! e1onom!1U
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 &m 1IlItor!t m$lt 2r!n CarI N! am Dnto1m!t ra2oarte. &m v!-!tat nen$mIrate $-!neG
am relatat de'2re 1ond!C!!le e1onom!1eG am anal!-at a1ele 't$2!de 2lan$r! 1!n1!naleG dar am ra2ortat
N! de'2re 1ond!C!!le Henerale de a"a1er!G Dntr$1Dt am av$t 1om2an!! amer!1ane mar! 1are l$1ra$ a1olo.
&$ "o't Boe!nHG 018onellF8o$Hla' O Boe!nH$l v!ndea 1$ '$11e' av!oaneG 8onnell Dn1er1a. Ban1a
0an$"a1t$rer (anover 9r$'t avea o "!l!alI romEnea'1IG "!rma de 1om2$tere Control 8ata
Cor2orat!on "I1$'e o 'o1!etate m!LtIG eL!'ta$ N! "!rme ma! m!1!G aNa 1I am "o't !m2l!1at 1$ m$lC!
oamen! de a"a1er! amer!1an!G o 2arte d!ntre e! a$ av$t 2robleme Dn 1$r'$l neHo1!er!lor 1$ romEn!!.
&1eNt!a era$ neHo1!ator! de't$l de d$r!G $neor! d$1ea$ tratat!ve 1$ do! 1om2et!tor! deodatIG
Dn1er1Dnd 'I obC!nI 2reC$l 1el ma! de Mo' 1$ 2$t!nCIG de m$lte or! n$ re'2e1ta$ obl!HaC!!le
1ontra1t$ale 1e le revenea$.
Re2orter3 C$m 'tIteaC! 1$ moral$lU
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 Voarte b!neG 2entr$ 1IG la a1ea vremeG RomEn!a era 1on'!deratI $n 2artener "oarte
'2e1!al. Cond!C!!le noa'tre de v!aCI era$ "oarte b$neG am av$t 1.!ar N! $n 1l$b a1olo.
Re2orter[ Va!mo'$l 1l$b 1$ teren$l de Hol" 1$ 9 HI$r!U
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 8aG a1elaG 1$ $n ba-!n de Dnot N! teren$r! de ten!'G era 1el ma! b$nG de de2arteG d!n
tot ?a1t$l de la @arNov!a. &1el 1l$b a 2romovat o v!aCI 'o1!alI eL1elentI 2entr$ membr!! Cor2$l$!
8!2lomat!1G neFa dat !l$-!a 1I tot$l merHea 2er"e1t Dn RomEn!aG !ar real!tatea 'ord!dI de dede'$2t
m!Fa deven!t 1larI 2e'te m$ltIG m$ltI vreme. O '$r'I a a1e'te! real!tIC! a "o't 1artea 2$bl!1atI Dn
1987 de $n tran'"$HG 6on ?a1e2aG $n o"!Cer '$2er!or d!n Serv!1!!le de 6n"ormaC!!. Cartea l$! 'e n$mea
JOr!-ont$r! RoN!!K N! de'1r!a a1ea real!tate $rDtI de 1are vorbeamG o de'1r!aG 1redG 1$ m$ltI
eLa1t!tate. 0Irt$r!'e'1 1I n$ am av$t 'toma1$l atDt de tare Dn1Dt 'I o term!n de 1!t!t. &"!rmaC!a l$!
?a1e2a 1I aNaFn$m!ta 2ol!t!1I eLternI rebelI a RomEn!e! a "o'tG Dn real!tateG o DnNelI1!$ne a l$!
Cea$Ne'1$G e'te n!m!1 Dn 1om2araC!e 1$ alte de-vIl$!r!G m$lt ma! de-H$'tItoare.
Re2orter3 &C! 1ond$' a2o! B!ro$l RomEn!a de la 8e2artament$l de Stat.
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 8aG Dntre 1976 N! 1978. 0Irt$r!'e'1 "a2t$l 1I a1ea "$n1C!e N! 1e aveam de "I1$t
a1olo n$ a$ "o't 1e mFam aNte2tatG Dn 2arte 2entr$ 1I Dn RomEn!a 'Fa$ DntDm2lat Dn a1e! an! l$1r$r!
deo'eb!te. ?roblema em!HrIr!lor a Dn1e2$t 'I 1a2ete 2ro2orC!! N! a Henerat o 1ant!tate $r!aNI de
1ore'2ondenCI 1$ ConHre'$lG -e1! de tele"oane 2e -! et1. 5$ 'Dnt "oarte b$n la a'emenea 1.e't!!G
$neor! 2r!meam 2e'te 100 de tele"oane 2e -! 2entr$ 1a-$r! !nd!v!d$aleG am av$t nevo!e de aM$toare.
Cel ma! !m2ortantG Dn'IG a "o't "a2t$l 1I am deven!t tot ma! de1e2C!onat de 2ol!t!1a noa'trI "aCI de
RomEn!a. &m Dn1e2$t 'I dev!n tot ma! 1onv!n' 1I no! am eLaHerat m$lt d!men'!$n!le 2ol!t!1!!
eLterne a l$! Cea$Ne'1$ N! n$ am dat !m2ortanCa 1$ven!tI 2ol!t!1!! 'ale !nterneG o2re'!ve. CredG re2etG
1I am eLaHerat. CDnd am l$1rat la b!ro$G Cea$Ne'1$ a "o't !nv!tat !arIN! 'I v!-!te-e S;& N! a "o't $n
v!-!tator or!b!lG 1$ 2retenC!! aberanteG a "o't o 2a1o'teG 2ret$t!nden! $nde 'Fa d$'.
Re2orter3 Ce ne 2$teC! '2$ne de em!HrareG 1e "el de em!Hrare a "o'tU
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 Statele ;n!te a$ "o't !ntere'ateG Dn 2r!m$l rDndG de em!Hrarea evre!lor d!n RomEn!a.
&1olo eL!'ta o 1om$n!tate evre!a'1I de d!men'!$n! med!!G delo1 "er!1!tIG m$lC! d!ntre a1e! oamen!
/6
dorea$ 'I 2le1e. VaCI de alC!!G 1are dorea$ N! e! 'I 2IrI'ea'1I RomEn!aG S;& n$ a$ "o't atDt de
!ntere'ate. Em!Hrarea evre!lor a "o't 1ea 1are a Henerat n$meroa'e l!'te N! alte .Drt!!G '1r!'or! 1Itre
ConHre'G '1r!'or! ale ConHre'$l$! 1Itre 8e2artament$l de Stat N! 1ore'2ondenCI 1$ )$vern$l
RomEn. =n do$I 1$v!nteG a "o't "oarte m$lt de l$1r$G dar a$ "o't re-$ltate b$neG m$ltI l$me a 2le1atG
aNa 1I n$ m!Fa 2Ir$t rI$ de e"ort$l de2$'. CredG tot$N!G 1I a1ea 1on1entrare a2roa2e eL1l$'!vI a
noa'trI a'$2ra em!HrIr!lor a av$t N! o lat$rI neHat!vIG an$me 1I am neHl!Mat 1om2let alte l$1r$r! 1e
treb$!a$ "I1$te Dn RomEn!aG Dn 2r!v!nCa dre2t$r!lor om$l$!. RomEn!! avea$ nevo!e de ma! m$lt de1Dt
'!m2la em!HrareG avea$ nevo!e de $n no$ 't!l de 1ond$1ere a CIr!!.
Re2orter3 CredeC! 1I ar "! "o't 2o'!b!l 'I '1.!mbIm 1eva Dn RomEn!aG da1I am "! av$t N! alte
2ol!t!1!U
6nt' 0. S!l!n'3 O Dntrebare 1ore1tI. E'te Hre$ de '2$'G 2entr$ 1I e'te 2o'!b!l 1a Cea$Ne'1$ 'I "!
"o't d$' 1$ 1a2$l N!G Dn atare '!t$aC!eG n!men! n$ Nt!e 1$m ar "! rea1C!onat la 2re'!$n! ma! mar!.
&devIr$l e'te 1I n!1! n$ am Dn1er1atG !ar 1eea 1e am "I1$tG a "o't HreN!tG 1$m am '2$'. & "o't HreN!t
1I lFam 2re-entat 2e a1e't !n' 1a o 2!ldI 2entr$ 1e!lalC! e'tFe$ro2en!.
Re2orter3 SFa ma! 2etre1$t 1eva notab!l Dn 1976F78U
6nt' 0 S!l!n'3 8!'1$C!a 2r!n1!2alI Dn 1e 2r!veNte '1.!mb$r!le 1omer1!ale a "o't leHatI de a11e'$l
romEn!lor la $nele te.noloH!! 1$ ev!dente a2l!1aC!! m!l!tare. EraG oareG 1a-$l 'I le dIm 1eva 2r!v!leH!!
'2e1!aleG 2entr$ "a2t$l 1I avea$ a1ea 2ol!t!1I eLternI !nde2endentIU &m ma! '2$'FoG 1red 1I am "o't
eLaHerat de ent$-!a'maC!. C$ tot re'2e1t$l 2e 1are !Fl 2ort l$! (arry Barne'G 1red 1I N! el a eLaHeratG
at$n1! 1Dnd 1onv!nHea l$mea 1I Cea$Ne'1$ e'te $n 1a- '2e1!al. Cred 1I $n 2!1 ma! m$ltI d!2lomaC!e
trad!C!onalIG ma! relaLatIG ma! anal!t!1IG ma! 1$ 2!1!oarele 2e 2ImDntG ar "! "o't ma! e"!1!entI. CItre
'"DrN!t$l 2er!oade!G 1Dnd am "o't Ne"$l Serv!1!$l$! RomEn!a de la 8e2artamentG am av$tG 1$ '!H$ranCIG
o 2o-!C!e d!"er!tI de1Dt 1ea a amba'ade! noa'tre de la B$1$reNt!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B :t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant O 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #+0%
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U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t J Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .&
Rom/&ia (3I)
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roma&ia43I2
tiri - 1% September 2014
1. &'.ley !ll' #1%
&taNat de 2re'I al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#197+F1977%
&mba'ador$l &'.ley !ll' a ab'olv!t ;n!ver'!tatea @!rH!n!a N! ;n!ver'!tatea *o.n (o2k!n'. &
!ntrat Dn Serv!1!$l ELtern al S;& N! a l$1rat Dn RomEn!aG &"r!1a de S$dG Barbado'G 6$Ho'lav!a N!
BelH!a. & "o't Ne" adM$n1t al Re2re-entanCe! S;& Dn 6nd!a. =ntre 2000 N! 200+G a "o't amba'ador Dn
Sr! Lanka. 6nterv!$l a "o't a1ordat Dn 2008.
Z Re2orter3 &C! 'o'!t Dn RomEn!a Dn 197+.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 8a.
Z Re2orter3 C$m aC! de'1r!e '!t$aC!a eL!'tentI Dn RomEn!a a1elor vrem$r!U &1ea'ta a "o't 2r!ma
dv'. m!'!$ne DntrFo CarI 'trI!nI.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 &m dat 2e'te 1eva 1!$datG No1ant3 era o d!1tat$rI 1om$n!'tI de'2ot!1I. 5!1olae
Cea$Ne'1$ avea re2$taC!a $n$! non1on"orm!'tG 2entr$ 1I D! '"!da'e 2e 'ov!et!1! Dn $nele 2robleme de
2ol!t!1I eLternI. 8arG 2e 2lan !nternG era $n d!1tator 2l!n de 1r$-!me. EL2orta or!1e 2rod$1ea
/7
RomEn!aG !nd!"erent de 1al!tate 'a$ de $t!l!tateG l!2'!nd$F! 2e romEn! de 2rod$'ele de ba-I. 5oa2teaG
1a2!tala CIr!!G B$1$reNt!G $n oraN Dn 1are lo1$!a$ 11a. 1 m!l!on N! M$mItate de oamen!G era Dn Dnt$ner!1.
?e at$n1!G toatI l$mea 1ond$1ea a1elaN! t!2 de a$tot$r!'me #8a1!a%G "abr!1ate d$2I $n ve1.! de'!Hn
Rena$ltG d!n an!! X/0G 2e 1are RomEn!a 1om$n!'tI Dl 1$m2Ira'e. ?e'te tot domnea o atmo'"erI Hr!G
'!n!'trI. RomEn!a era o CarI '2lend!dIG N! 2$team 1IlItor! or!$nde doreamG 1$ 1ond!C!a 'I an$nC
0!n!'ter$l RomEn de ELterne 1$ 1Dteva -!le Dna!nte. CDt am "o't 1on'!l!er$l amba'ador$l$! (arry
Barne'G lFam Dn'oC!t 2e'te tot N! am vI-$t o m$lC!me de lo1$r! eLtraord!nar de "r$moa'e. =m!
am!nte'1 $n l$1r$ 1are ar 2$tea "! de !ntere' 2entr$ !'tor!1!. L$1ram doar de 1DC!va an! N! 1.elt$!am o
m$lC!me de ban! 2entr$ a a'1$lta em!'!$n!le 2o't$l$! GG@o1ea &mer!1!!KG tran'm!'e Dn l!mb!le CIr!lor
d!n E't$l E$ro2e!. ?entr$ 1I romEna 2e 1are o vorbeam era de't$l de b$nIG Dnto1meam ra2oarte
'I2tImDnale de'2re 1eea 1e 'e 2etre1ea la amba'adI. Ra2oartele era$ tr!m!'e reda1C!e! de Nt!r! Dn
l!mba romEnI de la GG@o1ea &mer!1!!KG 1areG la rDnd$l e!G le d!"$-a 2e'te tot Dn l$me. 8ar aveam N!
'ar1!na de a '$2raveH.ea tran'm!terea em!'!$n!lor a1e't$! 2o't de rad!o. 5o! lo1$!am DntrF$n m!1
a2artament N! eram '!nH$r!! 'trI!n! d!n a1el blo1G 1eea 1e era de't$l de 1!$dat. 8e do$IFtre! or! 2e
'I2tImDnIG mI $r1am 2e a1o2er!N 1$ a2arat$l me$ de rad!o 2e $nde '1$rte N! Dn1er1am 'I 2r!nd
"re1venCele 2e 1are GG@o1ea &mer!1!!K le "olo'ea 2entr$ a tran'm!te Dn l!mba romEnI. Era 2al2!tant N!
2er!1$lo' 'I mI a"l$ 2e a1o2er!NG bIt$t de vDnt N! de 2lo!G Dn1er1Dnd 'I 2r!nd GG@o1ea &mer!1!!K 1$
a1el a2arat 2e $nde '1$rte de'2re 1areG 2robab!lG 1e! de a'tI-! n!1! n$ a$ a$-!tG dar 1areG 2e at$n1!G
era $n m!Mlo1 !m2ortant de tran'm!tere a !n"ormaC!!lor. 8e1!G 1am aNa era RomEn!a d!n a1ea vreme.
&b!a mI 1I'Itor!'em N! eram atDt e$G 1Dt N! 'oC!a meaG "oarte ent$-!a'maC! 1I ne a"lam a1olo. =n
amba'adIG 2er'onal$l n$ era n$mero' N! era de't$l de Hre$ 'IFC! "a1! 2r!eten!. EL!'ta$ avantaMeG dar N!
de-avantaMe. ;n!! "$n1C!onar! a! amba'ade! era$ !m2l!1aC! Dn d!ver'e !d!le. 8e eLem2l$G $n$l d!ntre
e!G 1areG ma! tDr-!$G a "o't tr!m!' a1a'IG avea o relaC!e 1$ o romEn1IG "a2t 1e 1ontravenea
reH$lament$l$!. 5eva'ta $n$! alt "$n1C!onar 'e a"la Dn HraC!!le 1on'!l!er$l$! e1onom!1. =m! am!nte'1
1I orHan!-a'em o 2etre1ere la no! a1a'I. &m vr$t 'I !e' 2e bal1on 1a 'I mI rI1ore'1 N! !Fam vI-$t
'Ir$tDnd$F'e. & "o't $n No1G darQ a'ta era. 9rI!am !-olaC! Dn m!Mlo1$l 1om$n!tIC!! romEneNt!. ?$team
'I avem DntDln!r! o"!1!aleG dar n$ 2$team 'I avem 2r!eten! romEn!. 8$2I 1$m am ma! '2$'G
2er'onal$l amba'ade! n$ era n$mero'G aNa 1I toC! aveam tend!nCa 'I 'tIm Dm2re$nIG 1eea 1e era Dn
avantaM$lG dar N! Dn de-avantaM$l no'tr$. 8$2I $n anG am 1er$t 'I 2le1 Dn 1on1ed!$ DntrF$na d!ntre
CIr!le ve1!ne. E1onom!'!'em n!Nte ban!. 5eFam .otIrDt 'I merHem Dn )re1!a N! 9$r1!a. CDnd am
ater!-atG noa2teaG 2e &ero2ort$l d!n &tenaG Dn 2r!ma noa'trI va1anCI O Dn ma! 1974 FG n! 'Fa 2Ir$t
"a'1!nant 'I vedem 1$m tot$l era l$m!nat N!G ma! ale'G 'I de'1o2er!m re1lamele l$m!noa'e 1are era$
la tot 2a'$l.
Z Re2orter3 Eram 1on'$l Heneral Dn )re1!aG 1Dnd aC! 'o'!t a1olo.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 =ntrFadevIrU
Z Re2orter3 8aG Dn'I $rma 'I 2le1 "oarte 1$rDnd.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 & "o't o va1anCI m!n$natI. &m "o't N! la 6'tanb$lG 1are rImDne $n$l d!ntre
oraNele mele 2re"erate. &m 'tat la ren$m!t$l (otel ?ala'G 1are a "o't renovat N!G a'tI-!G n$ te ma! 2oC!
a2ro2!a de el d!n 1a$-a 2reC$r!lor. 8arG Dn an!! X70G 2DnI N! $n ataNat de 2re'I deb$tant 2$tea 'IFN!
2erm!tI 'I 'tea a1olo.
Z Re2orter3 Care era$ relaC!!le romEnoFamer!1ane Dn an!! a1e!aU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 8e't$l de b$neG Dn 'en'$l 1I R!1.ard 5!Lon N!G ma! tDr-!$G )erald Vord N!Fa$
dat 'eama 1I 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$ 2$tea aM$ta Statele ;n!te Dn demer'$l lor de de't!ndere a relaC!!lor
1$ C.!na. (enry ,!''!nHer a a2elat la Cea$Ne'1$G 1are era Dn ra2ort$r! b$ne 1$ a1ea'tI CarIG '2re
deo'eb!re de 'ov!et!1!. ;nele d!ntre 2r!mele 1onta1te d!ntre ,!''!nHer N! C!$ En La! a$ "o't
!ntermed!ate de Cea$Ne'1$. El neFa '2r!M!n!t 2e 2lan d!2lomat!1 N! Dn Or!ent$l 0!Mlo1!$G deoare1e
2$tea d!'1$ta d!re1t 1$ Sa''er &ra"atG 1$ 1are no! n$ aveam n!1! $n "el de d!aloH. Ca $n "el de
1om2rom!' 2entr$ b$nele 'ale o"!1!!G no! ne "I1eam 1I n$ ob'ervIm 1e 'e 2etre1eG Dn real!tateG 2e
2lan !ntern. &'ta 'e DntDm2la Dna!nte de a2ar!C!a ra2oartelor 2r!v!nd re'2e1tarea dre2t$r!lor om$l$!.
Z Re2orter3 &d!1I 2e vremea l$! (enry ,!''!nHer.
/8
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 8$2I 1Dte Dm! am!nte'1G ,!''!nHer a ven!t Dn RomEn!a de ma! m$lte or!G N! 1el
2$C!n o datI Dna!nte de v!-!ta l$! )erald Vord. LFa Dn'oC!t 2e 2reNed!ntele Vord Dn 1al!tate de Se1retar
de StatG aNa 1I a "o't Dn RomEn!a de do$IG 'a$ 2oate de tre! or!. Ca ataNat de 2re'IG 2art!1!2am la
toate even!mentele !m2ortante. V!reNte 1I n$ eram 2!on$l 2r!n1!2alG dar aveam 2o'!b!l!tatea 'I
ob'erv tot 1e 'e DntDm2la. & "o't de't$l de !ntere'ant. Ed!tam rev!'ta amba'ade!G 1are era b!ne vI-$tI
Dn RomEn!a. 9rad$1eam teLtele Dn l!mba romEnI. &m DnvICat "oarte m$lt de'2re 1e Dn'eamnI 'I "!!
M$rnal!'tG N! am '1r!' de'2re o m$lC!me de l$1r$r!. ?r!n 2o-!C!a 2e 1are o aveamG 2$team 'I d!'1$t 1$
oamen!! de 2re'I de a1oloG !ar romEna mea 'Fa Dmb$nItIC!t "oarte m$lt. &$ "o't + an! m!n$naC!.
Z Re2orter3 Ce 2Irere aveaC! de'2re 2re'a d!n RomEn!aU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 E o eLaHerare 'I o n$m!m J2re'IK. Era vorba de 2ro2aHandI. 9oate -!arele
era$ !n'tr$mente de '$'C!nere a d!1tat$r!! l$! Cea$Ne'1$. ?re'a n$ era l!berI. A!ar!Nt!! '1r!a$ n$ma! 1e
l! 'e '2$nea 'I '1r!e. 8ar Dm! 2$team "olo'! relaC!!leG 1a 'IF! "a1 2e -!ar!Nt! 'I '1r!e de'2re Statele
;n!teG 1.!ar da1I n$ ne 2lI1ea Dntotdea$na 1e '1r!a$. 0!Fad$1 am!nte 1IG la $n moment datG (arry
Barne' a d!'1$tat 1$ ataNat$l 2e 2robleme 2ol!t!1e N!G deN! eram ataNat de 2re'IG a$ de1!' 'I
Dnde2l!ne'1 N! "$n1C!a de ataNat Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ 2robleme 2r!v!nd dre2t$r!le om$l$!. &m leHat o 'trDn'I
2r!eten!e 1$ $n d!-!dent romEnG 2e n$me ?a$l )omaG 1are era '1r!!tor. SDnt "oarte m$lte l$1r$r! 2e
1are leFaN 2$tea 2ove't!.
Z Re2orter3 @I roH.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 &m DntDln!t m$lC! d!-!denC! romEn!G dar 1$ ?a$l )oma am "o't 2r!eten. &vea Dn
M$r de 4/ de an!. 5$ vorbea enHle-aG aNa 1I toate d!'1$C!!le noa'tre 'Fa$ 2$rtat Dn l!mba romEnI.
?r!ma oarI lFam v!-!tat a1a'I la elG N! de'!H$r 1I a$tor!tIC!lor romEne n$ leFa 2lI1$t a1e't l$1r$. =n
d!m!neaCa $rmItoareG mI a"lam Dn HaraM$l blo1$l$! Dn 1are lo1$!am. #&veam $n @olk'waHen 2e 1are
Dl 1ond$1ea 'oC!a meaG dar N! $n C.ry'ler 196+G ma'!v N! Hre$G 2e 1are Dl "olo'eam Dn de2la'Ir!le la N!
de la amba'adI%. =n "aCa HaraM$l$!G DntrFo maN!nIG 'e a"la$ do! aHenC! a! Se1$r!tIC!! romEneG 1are mI
aNte2ta$. 0Fam '$!t Dn C.ry'ler N! to1ma! !eNeam d!n HaraMG 1Dnd maN!na Se1$r!tIC!! m!Fa tI!at 1alea.
&HenC!! a$ !eN!t d!n a$tomob!l N! 'Fa$ Dndre2tat '2re maN!na mea. &$ 1!o1In!t Dn HeamG !ar d$2I 1e lF
am de'1.!'G mFa$ avert!-at 1a n!1!odatIG dar n!1!odatIG 'I n$ mI ma! DntDlne'1 1$ )omaG da1I vrea$
'I n$ o 2ICe'1. &m tra' o DnM$rIt$rI -dravInI Dn l!mba romEnI. E! mFa$ 2r!v!t 't$2e"!aC!G 'Fa$ Dntor'
la maN!nI N! a$ 2le1at. V!reNte 1a am ra2ortat tot$lG !ar 1e! de la amba'adI n$ mFa$ ma! lI'atG $n
t!m2G 'I mI DntDlne'1 1$ ?a$l )oma. 8$2I 1Dteva l$n!G Dn'IG am rel$at 2r!eten!a 1$ elG N!G de data a'taG
n$ Nt!$ de 1eG dar n!men! n$ mFa ma! deranMat. ;n alt l$1r$ !ntere'ant de'2re Nederea mea Dn
RomEn!a a1elor vrem$r! a "o't a1ela 1IG d$2I 1$m am ma! '2$'G am 1IlItor!t 2r!n CarI "oarte m$lt
1Dnd l$1ram 2entr$ (arry Barne'G dar am 1IlItor!t la "el de m$lt N! 1a ataNat de 2re'I. 8e 1ele ma!
m$lte or!G Dn oraNele de 2rov!n1!e treb$!a 'I te 1a-e-! la .otel$r!le 2e 1are le a2roba$ 1e! de la
Se1$r!tateG N! a1olo DntDlnea! o m$lC!me de romEn1e "r$moa'e. 8e'!H$r 1I a1e!a 1are mI
'$2raveH.ea$ DN! !maH!na$ 1I e$G $n tDnIr d!2lomatG eram atra' de a1e'te t!nere "eme!G dar ele era$
aHente ale Se1$r!tIC!!. Cred 1I a$ Dn1er1at 'I mI atraHI Dn 1$r'I 1am de 1/ or!G Dn 1ele 18 l$n! Dn 1are
am "o't ataNat de 2re'I. 9!nerele a1elea Nt!a$ 1I am 24 'a$ 2/ de an!G 2entr$ 1I avea$ !n"ormaC!!
2re1!'e de'2re m!ne. 9ot$l era am$-ant N! mIH$l!torG atDta t!m2 1Dt te o2rea! a!1!G 2entr$ 1I era
ev!dent 1I a1ele "eme! DN! o"erea$ "avor$r!le Dn '1.!mb$l obC!ner!! $nor !n"ormaC!!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B t!r! B ;n 'er!al d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! 2al2!tant 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn
RomEn!a #+1%
t!r!
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i
.& Rom/&ia (39)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4$nF'er!alFd!nF1eF1eFma!F2al2!tantFd!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF+14
tiri - 1& September 2014
/9
1. &'.ley !ll' #2%
&taNat de 2re'I al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#197+F1977%
Z Re2orter3 &1e'te l$1r$r! avea$ vre$n e"e1t
a'$2ra a1t!v!tIC!! amba'ade!U &$ eL!'tat
2roblemeU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 @I re"er!C! la 2r!eten!a mea
1$ ?a$l )oma 'a$ la 1eea 1e vFam 2ove't!t
de'2re "eme!le a1eleaU
Z Re2orter3 0I re"er la a1ele J1a21ane d$l1!K Dnt!n'e de "eme!le 1are l$1ra$ 1a aHenC! de
Se1$r!tate.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 E! b!neG a$ "o't 1DC!va "$n1C!onar! a! amba'ade! 1are n$ a$ re-!'tat a1e'tor
Jata1$r!K. &m vorb!t ma! devreme de'2re a1el !nd!v!d 1are a "o't tr!m!' a1a'I. 8e "a2tG amb!! a$
treb$!t 'I 'e Dntoar1I. ;n alt ataNat e1onom!1 'Fa DndrIHo't!t de o romEn1I. &1ea'ta a treb$!t 'I
adm!tI 1I era aHentI a Se1$r!tIC!!G aNa 1I N! el a treb$!t 'I 2le1e a1a'I. Eram obl!HaC! 'I ra2ortIm
or!1e 1onta1t de a1e't HenG 2entr$ 1I 2er'onal$l no'tr$ 1are 'e o1$2a de Se1$r!tate treb$!a 'I Nt!e 1e
'e DntDm2lI.
Z Re2orter3 8a1I romEn!! Dn1er1a$ 'I a!bI relaC!! 1ord!ale 1$ S;& n$ 1red 1I aF! 1om2rom!te 2e
d!2lomaC!! amer!1an! era 1ea ma! b$nI 'ol$C!e. ?are o 2ol!t!1I d!'"$n1C!onalI.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 Cred 1I a "o't o rea1C!e 1ontrarI 2ro2r!!lor !ntere'eG 2e 1are a$ 1ont!n$atFo N!
d$2I 2le1area mea. =n a1ele -!leG Cea$Ne'1$ 'e 1om2orta 1a $n d!1tatorG dar l$1r$r!le 'Fa$ DnrI$tIC!t
d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! m$ltG !ar an!! X80 a$ "o't $n adevIrat 1oNmar. &m '2$' deMa 1I el eL2orta boHIC!!le
CIr!!G Dn '2e1!al 2rod$'e aHr!1oleG 1a 'I "a1I ro't de monedI "orte 2entr$ !nd$'tr!al!-area RomEn!e! O
oCelIr!!G ra"!nIr!! et1. Cea$Ne'1$ dorea 'I !nd$'tr!al!-e-e RomEn!a ra2!dG N!G dre2t $rmareG re'$r'ele
CIr!! 'e1a$G !ar dev!-ele 'e Dm2$C!na$. &Na 1I v!aCa romEn!lor a deven!t d!n 1e Dn 1e ma! Hrea. El 'e
2$rtaG aNa 1$m '2$ne "ran1e-$lG Ja2re' mo!G le del$HeK #Jd$2I m!neG 2oto2$lK% N! de a1eeaG '2re
deo'eb!re de 1e!lalC! 1ond$1Itor! 1om$n!Nt! 1are "$'e'erI rI't$rnaC! de la ?$tereG el a "o't Dm2$N1at.
V$r!a Dm2otr!va l$!..
Z Re2orter3 :! a 'oC!e! 'ale.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 ELa1t3 =n "!e1are -!G Dn 2re'a d!n RomEn!a a2Irea$ art!1ole de'2re
eLtraord!narele real!-Ir! Nt!!nC!"!1e ale Elene! Cea$Ne'1$G 1are era do1tor Dn 1.!m!eG Jren$m!t
!nventatorG $n Hen!$ de 2ro2orC!! !'tor!1eK. 8e "a2tG Elena n$ $rma'e n!1! l!1e$lG tot$l era o
m!n1!$nI. 5$ avea n!1! o 2reHIt!re Dn domen!$l Nt!!nC!"!1. 9ot$l "$'e'e aranMat de 2ro2aHanda
1om$n!'tI. Cea$NeNt!! 'e 1om2orta$ ma! deHrabI 1a n!Nte a$to1raC!. Com$n!'m$l era avantaMo'G e!
era$ d!1tator!G tot 1e "I1e$ era Dn avantaM$l lor. 8e m$lte or!G 1Dnd mI d$1eam la Cl$b$l
8!2lomaC!lorG a$-eam -Homot$l 2rod$' de motor$l ambalat al $n$! Verrar!. ;n a'emenea bol!d Dn
B$1$reNt!G 1Dnd toatI l$mea 1ond$1ea a1ele 8a1!! m!1! N! $rDteG 1are 2ol$a$ atmo'"eraG era 1eva de
ne!maH!nat. 0aN!na era 1ond$'I de "!$l l$! Cea$Ne'1$G moNten!tor$l l$! 2re-$mt!vG 1are '"!da toate
a1ele ab'$rd!tIC! 'o1!al!'te N! d$1ea o v!aCI de 2layFboy.
Z Re2orter3 Era 1$no'1$t N! 2entr$ !moral!tatea l$!.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 5$ Nt!$ 1Dt era$ de adevIrate -von$r!le a'teaG dar Dm! am!nte'1 1I no! am
Dn1er1at 'I de-voltIm n!Nte 1onta1te 1$ Sa''er &ra"at. El a v!-!tat RomEn!a de 1Dteva or!G !ar
a'o1!aC!! me! m!Fa$ '2$' 1IG de "!e1are datIG Cea$Ne'1$ D! 2$nea la d!'2o-!C!e adole'1enC! romEn!. Se
'2$nea 1I &ra"at era .omo'eL$alG !ar Cea$Ne'1$ "I1ea tot 1e 2$tea 1a el 'I 'e '!mtI b!ne. 5$ Nt!$
da1I a'o1!at$l me$ n$ Dn1er1a 'IFl de"I!me-eG darG d$2I 10 'a$ 1/ an!G 1red 1IG de o1.!! l$m!!G
&ra"at 'Fa 1I'Itor!t.
Z Re2orter3 CDnd 2reNed!ntele )erald Vord a 'o'!t Dn RomEn!aG era Dn'oC!t de m$lC! M$rnal!Nt!U
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 )erald Vord a v!-!tat RomEn!a 1am d$2I 6 l$n! de 1Dnd eram ataNat de 2re'I.
&veam 24 de an! N! treb$!a 'I mI de'1$r1 '!nH$r. &m 2r!m!t o teleHramI de la a'.!nHton 1I
60
-!ar!Nt!!G 1am vreo 200G vor 'o'! 'e2arat N! 1I la "!e1are even!ment treb$!a 'I 2art!1!2e tot 2er'onal$l
amba'ade!G 1I "!e1are lo1 1e $rma 'I "!e v!-!tat treb$!a 'I "!e a2robat Dna!nte de Ca'a &lbI N! 1I tot$l
treb$!a 'I "!e relatatG de la Dn1e2$t 2DnI la '"DrN!tG Dn 2re'I. &m m$n1!t "oarte m$lt la 2reHIt!rea a1ele!
v!-!te N! am "o't "oarte mDndr$ 1IG la 1oborDrea d!n av!on a 2reNed!ntel$!G amba'ador$l (arry Barne'
mFa 2re-entat a1e't$!a. SoC!a mea mI Dn'oCeaG 2entr$ 1IG aNa 1$m vFam '2$'G treb$!a 'I "!e de "aCI tot
2er'onal$lG !n1l$'!v 'oC!!le. &mba'ador$l Barne' a "o't "oarte b!nevo!torG !ar v!-!ta a de1$r' "oarte
b!neG n$ma! 1IG la '"DrN!t$l e!G toC! eram e2$!-aC!.
Z Re2orter3 Ce 2Irere avea 'oC!a dv'. de'2re Serv!1!$l de ELterneU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 5$ 2ot 'I '2$n 1I era Dn1DntatI. =! 2lI1ea RomEn!aG 2r!ndea ma! $Nor l!mb!le
'trI!ne de1Dt m!neG aNa 1I a DnvICat l!mba romEnI de't$l de ra2!d. S2re deo'eb!re de m!neG a 1IlItor!t
m$lt ma! m$lt. ?Ir!nC!! e! era$ de't$l de boHaC!G aNa 1I a v!-!tat E$ro2a Dn1I de 1Dnd era Dn l!1e$. Era
m$lt ma! 1$lt!vatI de1Dt eram e$. Era ataNat 1$lt$ral adM$n1t N! l$1ra la 'e1C!a 1on'$larI. 5$ dIdeam
v!-e romEn!lorG 2entr$ 1I n$ avea$ vo!e 'I 1IlItorea'1I Dn Statele ;n!teG dar eL!'ta $n 'erv!1!$ de
a1ordare a v!-elor 2entr$ !m!HranC!! evre!.
Z Re2orter3 Care venea$ d!n R$'!aU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 5$G era$ romEn!. RomEn!a avea o 1om$n!tate evre!a'1I "oarte n$meroa'I.
Cea$Ne'1$ ne Dn1$raMa 'I le dIm v!-ele de 2le1are. Voarte Dn1etG N! 2ar1I Dn '!lIG el D! lI'a 2e evre!!
romEn! 'I em!Hre-e Dn S;&G 'a$ Dn 6'rael. ?r!n an!! 1980F198/G 1om$n!tatea evre!lor romEn! d!n
6'rael era 1ea ma! n$meroa'I. 8e at$n1! a "o't de2IN!tI de r$N!G de evre!! 'e"ar-! d!n &"r!1a de 5ordG
de 1e! d!n &'!a 'a$ d!n 6rak.
Z Re2orter3 C$m '$2rav!eC$!a$ evre!! Dn a1ea 2er!oadIU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 =n RomEn!a av$'e'erI lo1 ma! 2$C!ne 2oHrom$r! de1Dt Dn alte CIr! e'tFe$ro2ene.
RomEn!! n$ D! tr!m!'e'erI la &$'1.w!t- 'a$ 8a1.a$G 1! Dn laHIrele de m$n1I d!n CarIG $nde m$rea$
2e 1a2ete. La '"DrN!t$l 1el$! deFal 66Flea rI-bo! mond!alG 2o2$laC!a evre!a'1I d!n RomEn!a era 1ea ma!
n$meroa'I d!n e't$l E$ro2e!. =na!nte de rI-bo!G 1e! ma! m$lC! evre! trI!a$ Dn ?olon!a N!
Ce.o'lova1!a. 8ar e! "$'e'erI de1!maC! 2r!n 2ol!t!1a d!abol!1I a l$! (!tler. ?o2$laC!a evre!a'1I d!n
RomEn!a n$ a "o't '$2$'I n!1! $n$! "el de atro1!tIC!.
Z Re2orter3 EL!'ta$ re'ta$ranteU
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 Era$ 1Dteva. @enea$ 2$C!n! t$r!Nt! d!n CIr!le e'tFe$ro2ene N! d!n VranCaG 1$ 1are
RomEn!a avea o leHIt$rI trad!C!onalI. EL!'ta$ 1Dteva re'ta$rante adm!n!'trate de 'tatG n$ era$
re'ta$rante 2art!1$lareG N! $nele d!ntre ele era$ de't$l de b$ne. =m! ad$1 am!nte 1I neFa "o't "oarte
rI$ d$2I 1e am mDn1at la 1el ma! b$n re'ta$rant d!n RomEn!aG la 6nter1ont!nental. &1oloG 2$tea! 'I
1$m2er! $n 1.ee'b$rHerG dar n$ era 2e H$'t$l me$. 8e a'emeneaG te 2$tea! d$1e Dn 2!aCI 1a 'I
1$m2er! leH$me N! "r$1te 2roa'2eteG dar rareor! era$ de 1al!tate. Era$ l$n! Dn 1are n$ HI'ea! de1Dt o
'!nH$rI leH$mI. ?D!nea era de ba-I N! o 2$tea! 1$m2Ira de 2e'te tot. 8e m$lte or!G 1Dnd merHea! la
2!aCIG n$ vedea! de1Dt var-I N! arde!. Se trI!a "oarte Hre$ N! a'ta DntrFo CarI 1areG d!n 2$n1t de vedere
aHr!1olG era "oarte boHatI.
Z Re2orter3 Se 2are 1I d$2I de1e'$l l$! Cea$Ne'1$ a !eN!t la !vealI "a2t$l 1I el leFa "orCat 2e
romEn1e 'I na'1I 1DC! ma! m$lC! 1o2!!.
Z E. &'.ley !ll'3 5$ Nt!$ 2rea m$lte de'2re a1e't l$1r$. 5$ am v!-!tat n!1!odatI vre$n or"el!natG
2entr$ 1I n$ n! 'e dIdea vo!e 'I 1er1etIm Dn amIn$nt 1eea 1e 'e DntDm2la Dn 'o1!etatea romEnea'1I.
8ar n$ 'e 2$tea 'I n$FC! da! 'eama Dn 1e 1ond!C!! trI!a$ romEn!!. Cea$Ne'1$ Dn1$raMa natal!tatea d!n
mot!ve etn!1e. =n RomEn!aG eL!'ta$ n$meroN! 1etICen! de etn!e maH.!arI N! HermanI. La 2re'!$nea
noa'trI N! a )erman!e!G Cea$Ne'1$ a 2erm!' nemC!lor 'I em!Hre-e. 5$ a1elaN! l$1r$ 'Fa DntDm2lat 1$
2o2$laC!a maH.!arI. 8ar 2robab!l 1I 1e! ma! oro2'!C! era$ C!Han!!G 1are era$ trataC! DnHro-!torG aNa
1$m 'Fa DntDm2lat N! Dn t!m2$l 1el$! deFal 66Flea rI-bo! mond!al. &2roa2e 1I "$'e'erI eLterm!naC!G
'2re deo'eb!re de evre!G 1are "$'e'erI 2er'e1$taC!G dar n$ eLterm!naC!. #@a $rma%
A!ar$l 9R6COLOR;L B &lte 't!r! B 8!2lomaC! amer!1an! Dn RomEn!a #+2%
61
&lte t!r!
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (32)
.tt2344www.-!artr!1olor$l.ro4d!2lomat!Famer!1an!Froman!aF+24
A"te tiri - 18 September 2014
U& s!rial di& -! .& -! mai +al+ita&t
Di+loma,i am!ri-a&i .& Rom/&ia (32)
(enry L. Clarke
&taNat 1omer1!al al &mba'ade! S;& la B$1$reNt!
#1974F1976%
8$2I ab'olv!rea ;n!ver'!tIC!! (arvardG amba'ador$l Clarke a !ntrat Dn Serv!1!$l ELtern. Car!era
'a a !n1l$' m!'!$n! Dn )erman!aG 5!Her!aG RomEn!aG ;RSS N! 6'rael. & "o't amba'ador al S;& Dn
;-bek!'tan. Clarke a a1ordat a1e't !nterv!$ Dn 1998.
Re2orter3 RomEn!a a "o't "avor!ta H$vern$l$! S;&G Dn 2er!oada Dn 1are 'e1retar de Stat era (enry
,!''!nHer. Oare a'ta 'e datora "a2t$l$! 1I ea n$ "I1ea 2arte d!n ?a1t$l de la @arNov!aU 8!n 2$n1t$l
de vedere al Ca'e! &lbeG a1ea'ta re2re-enta $na d!ntre "!'$r!le maMore d!n 1adr$l ?a1t$l$!.
(enry L. Clarke3 &devIrat. RomEn!a re"$-a'e 'I 2art!1!2e la !nvadarea Ce.o'lova1!e! Dn 1968.
RomEn!! era$ de't$l de aH!taC!G 2entr$ 1I le era teamI 1a n$ 1$mva Cara lor 'I "!eG la rDnd$l e!G
!nvadatI. 8even!'erI "oarte '$'2!1!oN!G 2entr$ 1I treb$!a$ 'I !a 2arte la d!ver'e a1C!$n! ale ?a1t$l$!
de la @arNov!a. 5o! 1on'!deram 1I era Dn !ntere'$l no'tr$ da1I RomEn!a re"$-a 'I 'e alIt$re CIr!lor
1e "I1ea$ 2arte d!n ?a1t. Cred 1I a1ea'tI !dee n$ era no$IG ea eL!'ta Dn1I d!na!nte 1a (enry
,!''!nHer 'I dev!nI 'e1retar de Stat. El N! (elm$t Sonner"eldt era$ deMa !m2l!1aC! Dn a1C!$n!le
2ol!t!1e ale S;& "aCI de E$ro2a de E't. ,!''!nHer a v!-!tat RomEn!a Dn 2er!oada Dn 1are e$ mI a"lam
Dn m!'!$ne a1olo. Nt!am 1IG 2e 2lan !nternG RomEn!a 'e a"la '$b $n 1ontrol 'tr!1tG de t!2 'tal!n!'tG dar
S;& n$ 'e a"la$ Dn 2o-!C!a de a 'e o2$ne a1e'te! '!t$aC!!G atDta t!m2 1Dt dorea$ 1a a1ea'tI CarI 'I 'e
C!nI la d!'tanCI "aCI de 1er!nCele 9ratat$l$!.
Re2orter3 C!ne era amba'ador Dn a1ea 2er!oadIU
(enry L. Clarke3 (arry Barne'.
Re2orter3 Ce !m2re'!e aveaC! de'2re el N! de'2re mod$l Dn 1are 1ond$1ea amba'adaU
(enry L. Clarke3 =n m$lte 2r!v!nCeG (arry a "o't $n amba'ador eL1elent. & av$t avantaM$l $n!1 de
a "! "o't Ne" adM$n1t al &mba'ade! S;& N! Dn'Ir1!nat 1$ a"a1er!G 1$ 1DC!va an! Dna!nte de a deven!
amba'ador. Se 2are 1I a obC!n$t a1ea'tI 2o-!C!e 2entr$ 1I R!1.ard 5!Lon a 1on'!derat 1I "I1$'e
treabI b$nI Dn 2er!oada Dn 1are el "$'e'e Ne"FadM$n1t. =n an!! $rmItor!G a Dnde2l!n!t d!ver'e "$n1C!! Dn
8e2artament$l de Stat. C$noNtea "oarte b!ne '!t$aC!a d!n RomEn!a N! vorbea l!mba romEnI ma! b!ne
de1Dt no! toC!. EraG aN 2$tea '2$neG "oarte a1t!vG 1.!ar .!2era1t!v. =! 2lI1ea 1aG la m$lte d!ntre
DntDln!r!le la 1are treb$!a 'I 2art!1!2eG 'I "!e Dn'oC!t de ma! m$lte 2er'oane. &Na 1$m am ma! '2$'G era
$n b$n vorb!tor de l!mbI romEnI N! avea $n vo1ab$lar boHat. @orbea re2ede N! 1$noNtea m$lte
-!1ale. El 'e "olo'ea de a1e'teG .a! 'I le -!1emG J1l!NeeKG '2re Dn1Dntarea 2IrC!! romEne.
Re2orter3 ?entr$ m!neG 1a !nter2retG a'ta '$nI DnHro-!tor.
(enry L. Clarke3 5!men! n$ 2$tea '2era 'I vorbea'1I romEna la "el de b!ne 1a Ne"$l no'tr$. El a
menC!n$t o 2re'!$ne 2ro"e'!onalI J'InItoa'IK a'$2ra 2er'onal$l$! amba'ade!. CDteodatIG 1.!ar
Dntre1ea mI'$ra. &$ "o't de't$! 1e! 1are a$ Jde-ertatK N! n$ a$ ma! reven!t la amba'ada d!n RomEn!a.
5$Fl blame- 2entr$ a'taG 2entr$ 1I e$ 1red 1I a Dn1er1at 'I maL!m!-e-e e"!1!enCa $ne! m!1!
amba'adeG d!ntrFo CarI o't!lI.
Re2orter3 CDnd aC! 'o'!t Dn RomEn!aG &mba'ada S;& aveaG "IrI Dndo!alIG 2$C!n 2er'onalG aNa 1I
Nt!aC! 1e vI aNtea2tI. Care era at!t$d!nea amba'ade! "aCI de Cea$Ne'1$ N! 1are era '!t$aC!a 2ol!t!1I Dn
a1ea vremeU
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(enry L. Clarke3 Cred 1I 2er1e2C!a mea a'$2ra RomEn!e! eraG oare1$mG Dn l!m!tele a 1eea 1e vF
am '2$' anter!or. =n 1eea 1e 2r!veNte '!t$aC!a 2ol!t!1IG Nt!am 1I Cea$Ne'1$ avea o at!t$d!ne eLtrem de
d$rI "aCI de 2ro2r!$l 2o2or. 6atI $n eLem2l$. =n a1ea 2er!oadIG 'Fa DnreH!'trat o 1reNtereG 2e 2lan
mond!alG a 2reC$l$! -a.Ir$l$!G aNa 1I RomEn!aG 1are n!1!odatI n$ a av$t '$"!1!ent -a.IrG a Dn1e2$t 'I
eL2orte a1e't 2rod$' 2entr$ a 2ro"!ta de 2!aCa mond!alI. &$ eL!'tat ra2oarte 2r!v!nd $nele t$lb$rIr!
la do1$r!le $nde oamen!! Dn1Ir1a$ -a.Ir$l 2entr$ eL2ort. 6ar romEn!! n$ 2$tea$ 'IFl 1$m2ere d!n
maHa-!neP ?roblemele re"er!toare la dre2t$r!le om$l$! n$ re2re-enta$ domen!$l me$ de 1om2etenCIG
aNa 1I n$ vI 2ot '2$ne 1eva 2re1!' de'2re a'ta. 8ar no! toC! eram 1onNt!enC! 1I oamen!! d!'2Irea$.
0$lte l$1r$r! Dn"!orItoare 'e 2etre1ea$ Dn a1ea 2er!oadIG N! 1red 1I ele a$ 1ont!n$at N! ma! tDr-!$.
Ceea 1e 2ot 'I vI '2$n e'te 1IG la a do$a mea 'o'!re la B$1$reNt!G l$mea vorbea Dn termen! "oarte
1r!t!1! de'2re Elena Cea$Ne'1$. ;nele d!ntre 1omentar!! era$G 2oateG rI$Fvo!toareG darG Dn HeneralG
era$ reale. ?e 5!1olae Cea$Ne'1$G romEn!! Dl 1r!t!1a$ ma! 2$C!nG 2entr$ 1I el o"er!'e 2o2or$l$! o
oare1are Jdo-IK de naC!onal!'mG 2r!n "a2t$l 1I 'e Dm2otr!v!'e ;n!$n!! Sov!et!1e. EraG DntrFo oare1are
mI'$rIG 1.!ar 2o2$larG 2entr$ 1I dorea 'I Dmb$nItICea'1I relaC!!le 1$ S;&. CDnd (enry Vord a
v!-!tat RomEn!aG 2ar1I 2r!n 197/ O a'ta 'e DntDm2la la '1$rt t!m2 d$2I 1e 'emna'e &1t$l V!nal de la
(el'!nk! O am "o't '!H$r 1I romEn!! neFa$ '$'C!n$t Dn neHo1!er!le 2entr$ 'emnarea a1el$! do1$ment.
RI'2$ndeam de der$lareaG Dn b$ne 1ond!C!!G a 1eremon!e! 1e "$'e'e orHan!-atI la aero2ort N!
1ond$1eam 1Dteva 2er'oane de la amba'adI la aero2ort. 5eFam Dntor' DntrF$n a$tob$- 1are avea
!n'1r!2C!onatG 2e $na d!ntre lat$r!G J&mba'ada &mer!1anIK. 5e a"lam m$lt Dn '2atele 1oloane! de
maN!n!. =n moment$l Dn 1are am aM$n' Dn a2ro2!erea m$lC!m!! ad$nate 'I Dl DntDm2!ne 2e VordG
romEn!! a$ Dn1e2$t 'I ne a1lame. &'ta n$ m! 'Fa ma! DntDm2lat Dn n!1! o altI CarIG N! b!neDnCele' 1I l$!
Cea$Ne'1$ n$ !Fa 1onven!t delo1. SI Dl ovaC!one-! 2e (enry Vord era 1eva normal. #El n$ a ma!
reven!t Dn RomEn!a%. Era $n even!ment $n!1G !ar Cea$Ne'1$ 'e b$1$raG N! elG de a1eleaN! ovaC!!. 8ar
1a 'I a1lam! 2er'onal$l &mba'ade! S;& n$ era $n l$1r$ vI-$t 1$ o1.! b$n!. )$vern$l RomEn
Dn1er1a 'I ne C!nI Dn !-olare. 0FaC! Dntrebat 1are era 2Irerea 2er'onal$l$! 1are l$1ra la amba'adI
de2re RomEn!a. (arry neFa Dn1$raMat 'I 1IlItor!m 2e'te tot Dn CarI. &m vorb!t 1$ m$ltI l$meG !ar
'ent!mentele 2roFamer!1aneG 1areG de'eor!G 2Irea$ na!veG leFam '!mC!t 2e'te tot. ;neor! era$ de't$l
de '$bt!leG alteor! O "oarteG "oarte 1lare. =n 1!$da 1ond!C!!lor de't$l de ne2lI1$te Dn 1are trI!amG a1e'ta
era $n a'2e1t Dn1$raMator 2entr$ a1t!v!tatea noa'trI. #@a $rma%
6+