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142
diamante au avut un protolit crustal de vrst precambrian (2005 2000 Ma) care mai trziu n timpul
coliziunii continentale (produs cu circa 540 400 Ma) a fost metamorfozat la presiuni de 4 6 GPa i
temperaturi de 900 1100 C n condiiile faciesului eclogitic.
Microdiamantele se gsesc de obicei incluse n granat, zircon i mai rar n clinopiroxen, cianit,
zoizit, cuar, biotit, flogopit i clorit n urmtoarele tipuri de roci: gnaise cu granati, granofelsuri cu
granat, piroxen i cuar i marmure dolomitice (Sobolev & Shatsky, 1987, 1990; Shatsky et al, 1995;
Zhang et al, 1997; Katayama et al, 2000, 2002; Ogasawara et al.,2000; Korsakov et al.,2002).
Schita unui porfiroblast de granat dintr-un sist alb din regiunea Kulet aratand corelatia dintre
incluziuni si zonarea compoziional prograd. Figura din dreapta - sus prezint profilul
compoziional al granatului iar figura din dreapta jos arat distribuia sistematic a mineralelor
silicioase (Cuar i/sau Coesit) n granat. (dup Parkinson, 2000)
Analizele chimice ale rocilor utilizate n acest studiu au fost realizate de Iancu (2004) cu un
microscop electronic cu baleaj de tip Cambridge Stereoscan la Universitatea Torino din Italia, iar
pentru investigaiile geochimice ale granailor am utilizat un soft de tip INCA (Suite Version 4.01) la
Universitatea Al. I. Cuza din Iai.
Imagine INCA
Studiile anterioare asupra granailor din Masivul Kokchetav au artat c acetia au coninuturi
mai ridicate de almandin pirop grossular, iar Shatsky i Sobolev (2003) au indicat c granaii din
marmurele dolomitice difer notabil de cei din alte roci diamantifere prin coninuturi ridicate n calciu
i valori mari ale raportului Mg/Mg+Fe.
Parkinson (2000) a pus n eviden pentru granaii din isturile albe o zonare compoziional cu o
descretere a coninuturilor de spessartin i o cretere a celor de pirop dinspre interiorul spre
exteriorul cristalelor.
n aceast lucrare am analizat doar coninuturile geochimice ale granailor din: gnaise cu granat i
biotit, marmure dolomitice i granofelsuri, rocile mai bogate n microdiamante. Am efectuat n acest
sens 343 de analize din care am selectat doar 36 (cte 12 pentru fiecare tip de roc) prezentate n cele
ce urmeaz.
143
Si
Ti
Al
Fe
Mn
Mg
Ca
Na
K
MD1C
MD2C
MD1S
42.42
42.77
42.07
42.47
39.95
41.95
41.67
40.52
39.79
44.5
41.83
0.47
40.15
0
22.35
22.14
22.19
20.16
22.04
20.74
21.35
21.61
21.06
19.74
21.84
22.05
7.59
7.03
7.63
7.68
21.7
19.33
16.76
21.24
19
17.67
14.97
18.7
1.41
1.04
1.24
0.58
0.92
2.04
1.16
0.74
4.08
3.16
3.59
3.14
10.01
11.52
9.77
18.38
7.31
5.72
5.34
5.89
5.57
6.06
5.08
7.44
16.23
15.5
16.63
10.73
8.08
10.23
13.73
10.01
10.5
8.87
12.69
8.52
100.01
100
100
100
100
100
100.01
100.01
100
100
100
100
34.01
32.63
33.41
31.36
16.44
14.53
29.37
18.53
16.12
16.48
16.37
12.34
0.44
21.17
19.93
20.8
17.23
10.54
8.34
11.6
11.5
9.89
8.46
10.01
7.89
9.35
8.26
9.31
8.87
14.24
10.51
12.11
15.37
12.16
10.21
9.12
9.14
1.7
1.2
1.48
0.66
0.59
1.09
0.82
0.52
2.55
1.78
2.14
1.5
10.74
11.9
10.35
18.93
3.8
2.48
3.13
3.37
2.81
2.81
2.51
2.9
22.25
20.24
22.59
13.73
5.88
6.17
11.03
8.03
7.47
5.68
8.59
4.62
3.97
5.54
3.11
14.32
0.89
7.95
5.35
2.91
4.49
15.56
3.17
1.23
5.7
38.43
43.92
37.34
65.86
28.5
24.02
21.88
23.62
21.98
27.7
21.05
29.03
31.94
Total
Andr.
Pyr.
Spes.
Gros.
Alm.
3.07
2.25
2.69
1.18
2.04
4.87
2.7
1.68
9.15
8.21
8.45
6.96
4.43
40.83
36.94
42.57
13.32
21.67
22.93
35.1
25.94
25.29
13.58
34.63
22.66
27.95
13.7
11.35
14.28
5.32
46.82
40.24
34.97
45.84
39.08
13.94
32.69
40.12
28.19
39
0
19.1
20.22
1.14
14.66
15.87
0
0
49.29
0
20.24
9.93
0.82
12.36
14.37
0
0
MD2C
43.89
0
20.08
9.99
1.42
12.45
13.17
0
0
MD2K
43.27
0
17.62
9.37
0.94
17.19
11.61
0
0
41.6
0
21.77
10.05
1.29
8.31
16.98
0
0
43.37
0
19.24
9.11
1.13
10.78
16.37
0
0
43.61
0
19.43
10.89
0.73
7.51
17.22
0
0
41.72
0
21.34
11.73
0.67
6.87
17.67
0
0
41.67
0
21.3
11.96
0.68
7.18
17.22
0
0
41.26
0
21.5
11.77
0.78
5.2
14.5
0
0
41.5
0.47
21.57
11.24
0.21
6.8
17.51
0
0
42.26
0
21.14
9.72
1.51
9.32
16.06
0
0
99.99
107.01
100
100
100
100
100
100
100.01
100.01
100
100.01
Si
Ti
Al
Fe
Mn
Mg
Ca
Na
K
16.49
0
9.21
6.74
0.74
8.29
11.65
0
0
20.7
0
11.52
7.52
0.61
8.07
12.09
0
0
20.82
0
11.33
7.51
1.04
8.06
11
0
0
19.9
0
9.96
6.69
0.66
10.73
9.2
0
0
21.61
0
13.3
8.03
1.01
5.66
15.11
0
0
20.9
0
10.76
6.71
8.81
6.84
13.43
0
0
20.3
0
10.53
7.71
0.51
4.5
13.57
0
0.59
17.38
0
10.44
7.5
0.42
3.7
12.59
0
0
17.32
0
10.39
7.64
0.43
3.86
12.26
0
0
19.05
0
10.95
7.78
0.5
2.88
14.39
0
0
18.25
0.24
11.15
7.58
0.6
3.87
13.18
0
0
21.57
0
12.64
7.63
1.16
6.26
14.03
0
0
Andr.
Pyr.
Spes.
Gros.
Alm.
19.53
54.58
2.41
22.94
0.54
12.7
46.67
1.76
27.3
12.57
13.92
48.03
3.11
22.6
12.34
24.83
63.96
1.99
6.22
3.01
5.04
31.95
2.82
41.88
18.31
17.83
42.62
2.54
28.69
8.32
16.91
31.64
1.74
35.24
14.47
6.47
27.01
1.49
43.47
21.56
6.64
28.13
1.51
41.85
21.86
5.04
20.46
1.74
50.12
22.63
4.12
26.65
2.02
45.23
21.98
8.42
36.22
3.33
36.45
15.58
Total
144
11.787
38.16
2.2
33.41
14.43
MD3C
MD2S
MD3S
41.65
0
21.07
18.96
2.77
6.84
8.71
0
0
40.54
0
21.2
19.17
4.56
6.7
7.83
0
0
44.47
0
19.36
17.95
3.11
7.75
7.35
0
0
41.49
0
20.63
18.57
2.82
7.29
9.2
0
0
41.69
0
20.87
17.47
3.22
5.76
11
0
0
41.24
0
20.79
16.67
3.63
4.61
13.06
0
0
41.95
0
19.7
18.85
4.33
5.33
9.84
0
0
40.5
0
21.24
18.49
3.75
5.74
10.29
0
0
37.15
0
19.03
18.12
3.63
6.09
15.98
0
0
40.45
0
20.72
18.97
3.73
7.48
8.63
0
0
43.47
0
20.18
18.1
3.28
7.13
7.84
0
0
42.15
0
18.83
16.22
4.09
6.98
11.73
0
0
100
100
99.99
100
100.01
100
100
100.01
100
99.99
100
100
Si
Ti
Al
Fe
Mn
Mg
Ca
Na
K
16.42
0
9.64
11.8
1.69
3.4
6.01
0
0
16.54
0
10.02
12.43
2.89
3.42
5.63
0
0
16.7
0
8.38
10.56
1.79
3.67
4.79
0
0
14.98
0
8.62
10.57
1.57
3.32
5.81
0
0
18.47
0
10.74
12.12
2.19
3.2
8.48
0
0
17.24
0
10.52
11.3
2.41
2.5
9.85
0
0
17.8
0
9.64
12.55
2.82
2.79
7.28
0
0
17.22
0
10.49
12.4
2.46
3.05
7.66
0
0
13.25
0
7.78
10.13
1.98
2.68
9.97
0
0
15.62
0
9.25
11.62
2.24
3.63
5.86
0
0
16.44
0
8.83
10.76
1.91
3.4
5.16
0
0
17.38
0
8.93
10.42
2.57
3.6
8.37
0
0
Andr.
Pyr.
Spes.
Gros.
Alm.
6.41
28.18
6.48
19.38
39.55
4.66
26.91
10.41
17.94
40.09
17.59
34.81
7.94
6.15
33.52
8.34
29.68
6.53
18.59
36.87
7.23
23.87
7.58
25.53
35.79
6.98
18.98
8.49
31.68
33.86
12.38
22.68
10.47
17.72
36.75
4.43
23.04
8.56
25.27
38.7
15.4
23.83
8.07
29.55
23.96
6.92
29.59
8.38
17.62
37.49
12.35
31.13
8.14
12.26
36.12
17
28.96
9.64
17.98
26.42
Total
9.97
26.8
8.39
19.97
34.86
Din compararea datelor obinute am constatat c granaii din marmurele dolomitice au coninuturile n
pirop cuprinse ntre 20,46 63,96 (media 38,16%), cei din gnaise cu granat i biotit ntre 21,05 65,86
(media 31,94%) spre deosebire de granaii din granofelsuri n care coninutul maxim ntlnit a fost de
34,81%.
O alt observaie interesant este aceea c granaii din granofelsuri sunt mai bogai n almandin
(media de 34,86%), spre deosebire de o medie de 28,19% n gnaise i 14,43% n marmure dolomitice.
CONCLUZII:-Contribuia personal const n deducerea compoziiei chimice a granailor din unele roci
diamantifere pe baza unui program de tip INCA i interpretarea acestora.
-Granaii din Masivul Kokchetav au coninuturi mai ridicate de almandin pirop grossular .
-Pe baza diagramei Grosular Pirop Almandin se observ c granaii din marmurele dolomitice au cele
mai ridicate coninuturi n pirop.
145
Bibliografie:
Dobrzhinetskaya. L. F., Braun, T. V., Sheshkel, G. G., Podkuiko, Yu A. (1994) Geology and structure of
diamond-bearing rocks of the Kokchetav massif (Kazakhstan).Tectonophysics, 233:293-313.
2. Dobrzhinetskaya, L.F., Green, H. W. I. I., (2001b):Inclusions in microdiamonds from UHPmetamorphic rocks: evidence the crust-mantle interactions. Ultra-High-Pressure-Metamorphism
Workshop. Wseda University, Tokyo, Japan.Session A04:8-9.
3. Korsakov, A. V., Shatsky, V. S, Sobolev, N. V., Zayachkovsky, A.A. (2002):Garnet-biotiteclinozoisite gneiss:a new type of diamondiferous metamorphic rocks from the Kokchetav massif.Eur.
J.Mineral;14:915-928.
4. Ogasawara, Y., Ishida, H., Yoshioka, N. (2004):Two-stage growth of microdiamond in Kokchetav
UHP dolomite marble.Abstracts Volume of the 32nd International Geological Congress, August 20-28,
Florence, Italy.
5. Parkinson, C. D.(2000):Coesite inclusions and prograde compositional zonation of garnet in
whiteschist of the HP-UHPM Kokchetav massif, Kazakhstan: a record of progressive UHP
metamorphism.Lithos, 52:215-233.
6. Sobolev, N. V., Shatsky, V.S (1990):Diamond inclusions in garnets from metamorphic rocks: a new
environment for diamond formation.Nature, 343:742-746.
7. Zhang, R.Y., Liou, J.G., Ernst, W. G., Coleman, R.G., Sobolev, N.V., Shatsky,
V.S.(1997):Metamorphic evolution of diamond-bearing rocks from the Kokchetav massif, Northern
146