Analele Universitii Constantin Brncui din Trgu Jiu, Seria Inginerie, Nr.
3/2010
INFLUENA TOLERANELOR
FILETELOR METRICE DE
FIXARE ASUPRA REZISTENEI
LOR MECANICE
Mirela Cherciu, Universitatea din Craiova,
Romania
Iulian Popescu, Universitatea din Craiova,
Romania
Rezumat: n lucrare se studiaz influena
toleranelor diametrelor piuliei asupra rezistenei la
strivire i la ncovoiere a spirei filetului. Studiul
incepe de la prescripiile standardizate privind
toleranele filetelor. Se constat c la creterea
diametrului exterior D al filetului, fora axial
preluat de filetul piuliei crete neliniar, iar la
creterea diametrului interior D1 scade rezistena la
strivire a spirei , iar cea la ncovoiere crete.
Cuvinte Cheie: tolerane filete de fixare,
rezistenta spirei filetului
1.Introducere
Filetele de fixare se utilizeaz la asamblri
demontabile, fiind diferite de filetele de
micare care transmit micarea la diferite
subansamble, de exemplu la mainile-
unelte. Pentru filetele de fixare se impun
condiii stricte privind rezistena mecanic
la solicitrile acelor subansamble. Spira
piesei filetate are dimensiuni mici n
comparaie cu dimensiunile nominale ale
urubului sau piuliei, astfel c orice
modificare a grosimii spirei influeneaz
rezistena mecanic a acesteia. Dimensiunile
spirei sunt dependente n mare msur de
toleranele filetului. Mai jos se studiaz
cazul filetelor piulielor, deoarece, n
general, acestea sunt confecionate din
materiale cu duritate mai mic dect a
uruburilor, deci rezistena lor este mai
sczut.
2. Profilul filetului 2. The thread profile
Profilul triunghiular al filetului metric se
THE INFLUENCE OF
TOLERANCES OF METRIC
FASTENING THREADS ON
THEIR MECHANICAL
STRENGTH
Mirela Cherciu, University of Craiova,
Romania
Iulian Popescu, University of Craiova,
Romania
Abstrct: In the paper it is studied the influence of
tolerances for the nut diameters on crushing and
bending resistance of the fillet of screw. The study
starts with standardized requirements concerning
threads tolerances. It is found that the axial force
taken by the nuts thread has a nonlinear increase,
when the outside diameter D of the thread increases ,
and when the inner diameter D1 increases, the fillet
of screw crushing resistance decreases, while the
bending resistance increases.
Keywords: metric threads tolerances, fillet of screw
resistance
1. Introduction
Metric fastening threads are used in
removable assemblies, being different from
the motion threads that transmit the
movement from different moving parts, e.g.
machine tools. For fastening threads, strict
conditions are imposed on the mechanical
strength regarding the stress of those
subassemblies. The fillet of screw for a
threaded part is small compared to the
nominal dimensions of the screw or nut, so
that any change in the thickness of it affects
its mechanical strength. The fillet of screw
dimensions are largely dependent on the
tolerances of the thread. Below are case
studies thread nuts, because generally they
are made of lower hardness material than
the screws, so their resistance is also lower .
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arat n fig. 1, iar relaiile dintre cotele Metric triangular thread profile is shown in
respective sunt urmtoarele: Fig. 1, and relations between the respective
parameters are as follows:

3 5
H= p = 0,866025404 p ; H 1 = H = 0,541265877 p ;
2 8
3 H H
H = 0,324759526 p ; = 0,216506351 p ; = 0,108253175 p ;
8 4 8
3
D 2 = d 2 = D 2 H = D 0,649519053 p ;
8
5
D1 = d1 = D 2 H = D 1,082531755 p . (1)
8

Figura 1. Profilul filetului metric

Figure 1. Triangular thread profile

3. Toleranele filetelor 3. Threads tolerances

urubul se prelucreaz cu cuitul, pe strung, The screw manufacturing process is thread-

pentru diametre mari, respectiv cu filiera, cutting lathe knife for large diameter bolts,
pentru diametre mici. Piulia se execut cu respectively die threading for small
tarodul, pentru diametre mici i mijlocii i diameters. In case of nuts, the
cu cuitul pentru diametre mari. manufacturing process is also thread-cutting
Pentru ajustajele cu joc ale filetelor metrice, lathe knife for large diameter and threading
n STAS 8165-82 se dau poziiile screw tap for small and medium diameters.
cmpurilor de tolerane i valorile For the clearence fits with metric threads, in

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abaterilor. Pentru piulie se stabilesc dou
serii de abateri fundamentale ale cmpului
de toleran: H (tangent la linia zero,
deasupra acesteia) i G (deasupra liniei
zero) conform figurii 2.
STAS 8165-82 are given the positions of
the tolerance fields and the deviation
values. For the nuts there are established
two sets of fundamental deviations of the
tolerance field: H (tangential to the zero line
above it) and G (above zero line) in Figure
2.

Figura 2. Seriile de abateri fundamentale ale filetului piulitei

Figure 2. Sets of fundamental deviations for nut

Tabelul 1. Dimensiuni limit piulie

Lung. de
Simbol Diam. Diametrul mediu D2 Diametrul interior D1
Pasul nurubare
ul exterior
p pn
filetului peste Dmin max. tol. min. max. tol. min.
la
M4 0,7 2 6 4 3,663 0,118 3,545 3,422 0,180 3,242
M5 0,8 2,5 7,5 5 4,605 0,125 4,480 4,334 0,200 4,134
M6 1 3 9 6 5,500 0,150 5,350 5,153 0,236 4,917
M8 1,25 4 12 8 7,348 0,160 7,188 6,912 0,265 6,647
M 10 1,5 5 15 10 9,206 0,180 9,026 8,676 0,300 8,376
M 12 6 18 12 11,063 0,200 10,863 10,441 0,335 10,10
1,75
6
M 16 8 24 16 14,913 0,212 14,701 14,210 0,375 13,83
2
5
M 20 10 30 20 18,600 0,224 18,376 17,744 0,450 17,29
2,5
4
M 22 10 30 22 20,600 0,224 20,376 19,744 0,450 19,29
2,5
4
M 30 15 45 30 28,007 0,280 27,727 26,771 0,560 26,21
3,5
1

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Table 1. Nuts limits of size

Pitch
Screw Outer
Thread of Medium diameter D2 Inner diameter D1
length diam.
symbol thread
Dmin
p
over to max. tol. min. max. tol. min.
M4 0,7 2 6 4 3,663 0,118 3,545 3,422 0,180 3,242
M5 0,8 2,5 7,5 5 4,605 0,125 4,480 4,334 0,200 4,134
M6 1 3 9 6 5,500 0,150 5,350 5,153 0,236 4,917
M8 1,25 4 12 8 7,348 0,160 7,188 6,912 0,265 6,647
M 10 1,5 5 15 10 9,206 0,180 9,026 8,676 0,300 8,376
M 12 6 18 12 11,063 0,200 10,863 10,44 0,335 10,106
1,75
1
M 16 8 24 16 14,913 0,212 14,701 14,21 0,375 13,835
2
0
M 20 10 30 20 18,600 0,224 18,376 17,74 0,450 17,294
2,5
4
M 22 10 30 22 20,600 0,224 20,376 19,74 0,450 19,294
2,5
4
M 30 15 45 30 28,007 0,280 27,727 26,77 0,560 26,211
3,5
1

n standarde se mai precizeaz abaterile The standard also states the deviations of
pasului, ale semiunghiului flancului, al the pitch, of the sidewall of the semiangle,
diametrului interior i a celui mediu al of the inner and medium diameter of the nut
piuliei. .

4. Rezistena spirei 4. The fillet of screw strength

Spira filetului este solicitat la strivire, The fillet of screw is crushing stress, so
astfel c se pot scrie relaiile [1]: one can write the relations: [1]
- considernd spira ca proiecie a elicei pe - Considering the turn of screw as spiral
un plan perpendicular pe axa piuliei: propeller projection on a plane
perpendicular to the axis of the nut:
q= P qa
2 2 (2)
( D D1 ) z
4
- considernd spira elicoidal desfurat: - considering developed helical turn of
screw:
P
q= qa (3)
D2 ( D D1 ) z
Pentru solicitarea la ncovoiere, se For bending stress is used the following
utilizeaz relaia: relation:
6 PH1
i = ai (4)
D1 z (0,85 p) 2
Solicitarea la forfecare este neglijabil n The shear stress is passed over reported to
raport cu solicitrile anterioare. the other stress.
Pentru piulia din OL 37 se iau valorile: qa = For OL 37 nut there are recommended the
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33,5 daN/mm2 , ai = 8 daN/mm2. n values: qa = 33,5 daN/mm2 , ai = 8

calculele de mai jos s-au luat valorile: qa = 3 daN/mm2.
daN/mm2 , ai = 8 daN/mm2. In the following calculations there were
considered: qa = 3 daN/mm2 , ai = 8
5. Rezultate obinute daN/mm2.

Pe baza datelor de mai sus s-a realizat un 5. Results

program cu care s-au determinat forele Based on the above data, a program was
maxime la care rezist o spir a filetului realized, where maximum forces to resist a
(z=1). Astfel, n tabelul 2 se dau rezultatele turn of screw were determined (z = 1).
obinute pentru: fora P1 calculat cu relaia Thus, in Table 2 are given results for: force
(2), fora P2 calculat cu relaia (3) i fora P1 calculated from equation (2), force P2
P3 calculat cu relaia (4). Cotele necesare calculated with (3) and force P3 calculated
s-au calculat cu relaiile (1). with (4). Necessary quotes were calculated
with equations (1).

Tabelul 2. Forele maxime de rezisten pentru o spir a filetului funcie de diametrul D

Table 2. Maximum resistance force for a turn of screw depending on diameter D

D p H H1 D1 D2 P1 P2 P3
4 0,7 .6062178 .3788861 3.242228 3.545337 12.93069 12.6601 12.68987
5 0,8 .6928203 .4330127 4.133975 4.480385 18.63809 18.28465 18.49155
6 1 .8660254 .5412659 4.917468 5.350481 27.84668 27.29444 27.49521
8 1,25 1.082532 .6765823 6.646836 7.188102 46.69875 45.83589 46.45585
10 1,5 1.299038 .8118988 8.376203 9.025721 70.30698 69.06446 70.25124
12 1,75 1.515544 .9472152 10.10557 10.86334 98.67136 96.98016 98.88135
16 2 1.732051 1.082532 13.83494 14.70096 152.1972 149.9882 154.7115
20 2,5 2.165064 1.353165 17.29367 18.3762 237.8081 234.3566 241.7368
22 2,5 2.165064 1.353165 19.29367 20.3762 263.3146 259.8631 269.6934
30 3,5 3.031089 1.894431 26.21114 27.72668 501.8128 495.0481 512.9434

Aceste rezultate au fost reprezentate n fig.
3. Se constat c la creterea diametrului
filetului, fora axial maxim preluat de o
spir, crete. Se mai observ c cele trei
relaii dau fore sensibil egale n diagrame
(din tabelul 2 se observ totui diferene).
Rezistena cea mai mare este la ncovoiere.
Creterile sunt neliniare.
These results have been represented in Fig.
3. It appears that increasing thread diameter,
the maximum axial load taken by a turn of
screw increases. It also notes that the three
relations give substantially the same forces
in relationship diagrams ( Table 2 shows,
however, differences). Greatest strength is
to bend. The increase is nonlinear.

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600.

500.

400.
P1,2,3 [daN ]

P1
300. P2
P3

200.

100.

0.0
0.0 10. 20. 30.
D [mm]

Figura 3. Variaia forelor maxime de rezisten funcie de diametrul exterior

Figure 3. The variation of maximum resistance force depending on the outer diameter

n continuare s-a studiat influena Further on, the influence of tolerances on

toleranelor la diametrul interior D1 al
piuliei asupra forei axiale maxime la care
rezist o spir. Pe baza datelor din tabelul 1,
pentru filetul M10 s-au obinut valorile din
tabelul 3 i curbele din fig. 4.
diameter D1 of the nut on the maximum
axial force that resists a turn of screw, was
examined. Based on data from Table 1, for
thread M10, there were obtained values
from Table 3 and the curves in Fig. 4

Tabelul 3. Forele maxime de rezisten pentru o spir a filetului funcie de diametrul D1

Table 3. Maximum resistance force for a turn of screw depending on diameter D1

Diametrul nominal D=10mm; Pasul p=1,5mm; Nr. spire z=1

H H1 D1 D2 P1 P2 P3
1.299199 .8119993 8.376001 9.025601 70.31493 69.07208 70.24085
1.259199 1.259199 8.426001 9.055601 68.33548 67.168 72.90476
1.219199 .7619991 8.476002 9.085601 66.34425 65.24976 75.74348
1.179199 .7369991 8.526002 9.115601 64.34123 63.31739 78.77479
1.139198 .711999 8.576002 9.145601 62.32645 61.37089 82.01896
1.099198 .6869989 8.626002 9.175601 60.29989 59.41024 85.49923

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90.

80.
P 1 ,2 ,3 [ d aN ]

P1
70. P2
P3

60.

50.
8.35 8.400001 8.450001 8.500001 8.550001 8.600001 8.650002
D 1 [mm]
Figura 4. Variaia forelor maxime de rezisten funcie de diametrul interior
Figure 4. The variation of maximum resistance force depending on the inner diameter

Se constat c la creterea lui D1, forele P1
i P2, corespunznd rezistenei la strivire,
scad, deoarece spira are grosime din ce n ce
mai mic. Fora P3 ns crete, deoarece
micorndu-se grosimea spirei, scade
distana dintre rezultanta forei i seciunea
de rupere la ncovoiere. Aici curbele sunt
aproximativ linii drepte. Se observ astfel
marea influen a toleranelor asupra
rezistenei piuliei.
S-a studiat situaia similar n cazul filetului
M22x2,5; rezultatele se dau n tabelul 4 i n
fig. 5.
It appears that with the the increase of D1,
the forces P1 and P2, corresponding
resistance to crushing, decrease because the
turn of screw thickness is decreasing. Force
P3 increases because with the thickness of
the turn of screw decreasing, the distance
between the resultant force and bending
breaking section also decreases. Here the
curves are approximately straight lines. It is
noted as a great influence on the resistance,
the nut tolerances.
Similar situation has been studied for
M22x2,5 screw, the results are given in
Table 4 and Fig. 5.

Tabelul 4. Forele maxime de rezisten pentru o spir a filetului M22x2,5

Table 4. Maximum resistance force for a turn of screw M22x2,5

Diametrul nominal D=22mm; Pasul p=2,5mm; Nr. spire z=1

H H1 D1 D2 P1 P2 P3
2.165064 1.353 19.294 20.3762 285.225 281.4841 269.7309
2.165064 1.328 19.344 20.3762 280.2938 276.283 275.5208
2.165064 1.303001 19.394 20.3762 275.3499 271.082 281.5328
2.165064 1.278001 19.444 20.3762 270.3932 265.881 287.78
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2.165064 1.253001 19.494 20.3762 265.4237 260.6799 294.2765

2.165064 1.228002 19.544 20.3762 260.4415 255.4789 301.0375
2.165064 1.203002 19.594 20.3762 255.4465 250.2779 308.0795
2.165064 1.178002 19.644 20.3762 250.4387 245.0768 315.4204
2.165064 1.153003 19.694 20.3762 245.4182 239.8758 323.0796
2.165064 1.128003 19.74399 20.3762 240.3849 234.6748 331.0784

340.

320.

300.
P 1 ,2 ,3 [ d aN ]

P1
280. P2
P3

260.

240.

220.
19.200001 19.300001 19.400002 19.500002 19.600002 19.700003 19.800003
D 1 [m m ]

Figura 5. Variaia forelor maxime de rezisten pentru filetul M22x2,5

Figure 5. The variation of maximum resistance force for M22x2,5 screw

Se constat urmtoarele: It is found that:

- la creterea lui D1 , forele P1 i P2 scad, iar
P3 crete, ca i n cazul precedent;
- spre deosebire de cazul precedent, aici
curbele se intersecteaz la un diametru D1
mai mare, adic rezistena la strivire este
egal cu cea la ncovoiere, la un diametru D1
mai mare, dac crete diametrul nominal al
filetului.
- When D1 increases, forces P1 and P2
decrease, and P3 increases, as in previous
case;
- Unlike the previous case, here the curves
intersect at a larger diameter D1, meaning
that crushing resistance is equal to the
bending, at a diameter D1 greater, if the
nominal diameter of the thread increases.

7. Concluzii 7. Conclusions

n standarde sunt prescrise toleranele The standards provide threads tolerances

filetelor pentru operaia de filetare. for thread-cutting manufacturing. Threaded
Asamblrile filetate trebuie s asigure assemblies must ensure the taking of
preluarea anumitor fore, astfel c spirele certain forces, so that the fillets of screw
filetelor sunt solicitate la strivire i la are crusing and bending stress. When
ncovoiere. increasing thread diameter, the force
La creterea diametrului filetului, crete i acquired also increases, but not linear.
fora preluat, ns nu liniar. By increasing the nut inner diameter, the
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Prin creterea diametrului interior al piuliei,
strivirea este mai accentuat, deci fora axial
preluat scade, n schimb solicitarea la
ncovoiere determin creterea forei axiale la
care rezist filetul.
Tolerana filetului are mare influen asupra
rezistenei spirei.
Bibliografie
[1] Manea, Gh. Organe de maini, vol. 1.
Editura Tehnic, Bucureti, 1970.
[2] Militaru, R., Andreiciuc, I., Militaru, T.
Cupla cinematic elicoidal.
http://stud-
mctr.mec.upt.ro/documentatie/data/omm/Red
dy/index.html
[3] Popescu, I., Eliezer, S. Filetarea.
Editura Scrisul Romnesc, Craiova, 1973.
[4] Potorac, A., Prodan, D. Tolerane i
control dimensional. Univ. tefan cel
Mare Suceava, 1995.
http://www.fim.usv.ro/pagini
274
crushing stress is higher, so the taken axial
force decreases, while the bending stress
leads to increase the taken axial force.
Thread tolerance has great influence on the
turn of screw strength.
References
[1] Manea, Gh. Machine parts. vol. 1.
Technical Publishing House, Bucharest,
1970.
[2] Militaru, R., Andreiciuc, I., Militaru, T.
Helicoid kinematical pair.
http://stud-
mctr.mec.upt.ro/documentatie/data/omm/R
eddy/index.html
[3] Popescu, I., Eliezer, S. Threading.
Romanian Writing Publishing House,
Craiova, 1973.
[4] Potorac, A., Prodan, D. Tolerances and
dimensional control. Univ. tefan cel
Mare Suceava, 1995.
http://www.fim.usv.ro/pagini