BASIC SPECIALIZED VOCABULARY

1. EQUIVALENTS
Nr. English Romanian

N O U N S
1. approach abordare
2. goods bunuri, mărfuri
3. revenues venituri
4. trend orientare, direcţie
5. amount cantitate
6. wholesale vânzare en gros/ vânzare cu ridicata
7. retail vânzare cu bucata/ cu amănuntul
8. research cercetare
9. demand cerere
10. offer ofertă
11. competition concurenţă
12. ownership proprietate; drept de proprietate
13. partnership asociaţie, societate
14. loan împrumut
15. employee angajat, muncitor
16. employer angajator
17. training instruire, formare, pregătire
18. staff personal
19. entrepreneur antreprenor
20. executives directori executivi, administratori
21. safety siguranţă, securitate
22. challenge provocare
23. leadership conducere
24. increment majorare, spor de salariu, supliment
25. unemployed şomer
26. perks bonusuri
27. workaholic persoană obsedată de muncă
28. incentive stimul, imbold, încurajare, motivare
29. downsizing reducere de personal
30. commission comision
31. union sindicate
32. salary salariu lunar
33. pay plată (suma plătită pentru executarea unui lucru, serviciu)
34. wages salariu pe săptămână
35. income venit
36. earnings câştiguri, profituri
37. workload normă (a unui salariat, a unui serviciu, etc.)
38. customer syn: clients, buyer cumpărător, client
39. consumer consumator
40. loss pierdere
41. middlemen intermediari
42. manufacturer producător
43. franchise / franciser franciză/ francizor
44. income venit
45. shares/stocks acţiuni
46. shareholder acţionar
47. liability obligaţie, răspundere, responsabilitate
48. debt datorie
49. assets bunuri, active
50. holder titular, deţinător, posesor
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Nr. English Romanian

N O U N P H R A S E S
1. Operating costs cheltuieli de exploatare
2. Social service agencies agenţii de servicii sociale
3. Advocacy groups grupuri care militează pentru apărarea intereselor
4. Just-in-time inventory inventariere exact la timp, la momentul portrivit/oportun
5. Consumer demand cererea consumatorului
6. Personalized sales vânzări personalizate
7. Durable goods (AmE)/ mărfuri de folosinţă îndelungată (frigidere, televizoare etc.)
Consumer Durables (BrE)
8. Working capital capital circulant, fond/ capital de rulment; capital de
lucru, excedent al activelor curente fata de pasivele curente
9. Compensation plan plan de compensaţii
10. Benefits package pachet de prestaţii
11. Job security asigurare cu posturi de muncă
12. Unsociable hours peste orar
13. Steady job post de muncă stabil
14. Adverse working conditions condiţii de muncă neprielnice
15. Repetitive strain injury (RSI) vătămare cauzată de încordare repetitive
16. Sick building syndrome îmbolnăvire cauzată de ventilarea proastă a clădirii
17. Job satisfaction satisfacţie de la locul de muncă
18. Incentive scheme sistem/plan stimulativ de salarizare
19. Sickness benefit îndemnizaţie de boală
20. Production line linie de producţie; linie de asamblare/ montare
21. Skilled worker muncitor calificat
22. Manufacturing industry industrie producătoare
23. Medical insurance asigurare medicală
24. Blue-collar worker muncitor manual, meserias, mestesugar
(syn: manual worker)
25. White-collar worker funcţionar; intelectual; lucrător de birou
(syn: intellectual labour)
26. Self-employed independent, liber profesionist
27. Full time job post de muncă cu normă deplină
28. Part-time job post de muncă cu normă redusă
29. Housing estate complex imobiliar
30. Market research studiu de piaţă
31. Raw materials materii prime
32. Retail stores magazine cu vânzare cu amănuntul
33. Sales revenues venituri din vânzări
34. Binding contract contract de obligativitate
35. Limited liability company societate cu răspundere limitată (SRL)
36. Unlimited liability răspundere nelimitată
37. Sole proprietorship întreprindere cu asociat unic (tip familial)
38. Turnaround time timp de returnare
39. Life span durată de serviciu/de exploatare
40. Stock Exchange bursă de valori
41. Assets and liabilities active şi pasive
42. Ongoing activities activităţi curente
43. Household products articole de uz casnic
44. Convinience products produse de uz curent
45. Consumer products produse de consum
46. Savings accounts conturi de economii
47. Chain of stores lanţ/reţea de magazine
48. Forms of ownership forme the proprietate
49. Board of Directors Consiliul director
50. Expense of formation cheltuieli de înfiinţare
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Nr. English Romanian

A D J E C T I V E S A N D A D V E R B S
1. Prominent remarcabil
2. Enough suficient
3. Available disponibil
4. Overall general, total
5. On hand la mâină / disponibil, la dispoziţie
6. Unexpected neaşteptat, brusc, (sur)venit pe neaşteptate; subit
7. Predictable previzibil
8. Demanding solicitant, exigent, care necesită efort şi atenţie
9. Posh elegant
10. Reluctant fara/ lipsit de tragere de inima, nedoritor, fara pofta/ chef/
dorinta
11. To a certain degree înr-o anumită măsură
12. On the ground of pe motiv(ul)/ temei/ temeiul faptului că
13. On behalf of în numele/ din partea cuiva
14. Primarily în prim rând
15. After all la urma urmei

Nr. English Romanian

V E R B S
1. To provide a oferi, a furniza
2. To make a profit a înregistra un profit
3. To aim a ţinti, a năzui la/spre
4. To achieve a obţine
5. To exceed a depăşi
6. To seek a cauta, a urmari
7. To earn a câştiga
8. To keep running a menţine în activitate/funcţiune
9. To accomplish a îndeplini, a efectua, a realiza
10. To stock a depozita; a păstra (în depozit)
11. To rely on a se bizui/ a se baza pe
12. To respond to a reacţiona la
13. To conduct research a face, a coordona cercetări/ studii
14. To purchase a achiziţiona, a cumpăra
15. To promote a promova
16. To advertise a reclama
17. To benefit from a câştiga, a profita (baneşte) de pe urma unui lucru
18. To involve a implica
19. To pay bills a achita facturi
20. To expand a extinde
21. To raise capital a mobiliza capital
22. To ensure a asigura
23. To obtain a loan a obţine un împrumut
24. To hire a angaja
25. To fire a concedia
26. To fill a position a suplini un post/ o funcţie
27. To train a pregăti, a instrui
28. To make an effort a face un efort
29. To make/take a decision a lua o decizie
30. To get on with a se împăca/întelege cu
31. To feel at home a se simţi în largul său/ ca acasă (într-un domeniu)
32. To persuade a convinge

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 33. To take responsibility / charge a-şi asuma responsabilitate/răspunderea
34. To sue a da, a acţiona în judecată
35. To interfere with a se amesteca cu / a contraveni
36. To think over a cântari în minte, a medita/ a reflecta la
37. To take risk a risca, a-şi asuma un risc
38. To reject a respinge, a refuza
39. To avoid a evita
40. To foresee a prevedea; a anticipa
41. To give up a renunţa (la), a ceda, a abandona
42. To carry on a continua, a duce mai departe
43. To compensate for a compensa, a echilibra, a egaliza
44. To be suited to a fi bun/ potrivit /indicat /calificat pentru / să
45. To be made redundant a fi disponibilizat
46. To resign a demisiona din (un post de muncă), a-şi da demisia
47. To spray a pulveriza
48. To pay a deposit a plăti un avans, a achita o garanţie
49. To make a budgeting a întocmi un buget
50. To take advantage of a beneficia, profita de

2. DEFINITIONS

Nr. Term Definition Examples

An expression used to say someone to Why don’t you just mind your
Mind one’s own think about his/her own affairs and own business and leave me in
business not ask questions about a situation peace?
(spoken, informal) that does not involve them or try to
1. get involved in other people’s lives. Mind your own business, will
you? I can take care of my
Syn: none of your If you say to someone 'mind your own problems just fine.
business business' or 'it's none of your
business', you are rudely telling them I asked Laura what was wrong
not to ask about something that does and she told me to mind my
not concern them. own business.
Something very wrong; an unpleasant You didn't get your financial aid?
Bad business or unfair occurrence. That's bad business.
1. I think Bill got into some bad
1. Any sort of morally
business with Wendy and her
ambiguous activity.
man last night.
2.
2. Anything displeasing. 2. That mole on her back is bad
business.
3. Criminal acts.
3. Whatever those guys are up to
in the parking lot, it's got to be
bad business.
Syn: too bad
Something unfortunate, ridiculous, in "Lost your job?
poor taste, or anything that makes That’s bad business."
you want to say, "Oh my dear. That's
too bad."
If her husband were mixed up in
some dirty business, she would
3. Dirty business The practice of unethical methods. just have to hope that Cy would
never hear about it.

This is a dirty business and

we’re gonna have to get our
hands dirty to clean it up.
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 Stop questioning me about
my personal business!
4. Personal business Matters of personal concern.
No one wants the government
sticking its nose into
Syn:
the personal business of citizens.
personal matters,
personal affairs Then there are those who make
sure their personal business
stays behind closed doors.
The office is open only during
5. Business hours The hours of the day in which a shop normal business hours.
or a company is open for business, for
Business hours are from 8.30
example, from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM,
a.m. to 5.30 p.m.
Syn: Office hours from Monday to Friday. However,
typical business hours vary widely by For more information call 624-99
country. -77 during regular business
hours.
Come on boys, let's cut out
6. Monkey (funny) 1. Wasting time, or effort, on some the monkey business and get
business foolish project. down to work.
(spoken, informal) 2. An activity that is considered silly,
Just remember that on your side
or stupid, or time-wasting.
we want no monkey business of
3. An activity that may be considered
any kind.
illegal, questionable, or a vice, but
not felonious. The teacher suspected that there
4. Behaviour that is not acceptable or had been some monkey
is dishonest. business going on while she was
5. Mischievous, suspect, dishonest, or out of the room.
meddlesome behaviour or acts.
Is it big business or monkey
business?
7. Annual business A report presented by the directors of Annual business reports were a
a company to its shareholders each fruitful source of information.
year, containing the profit-and-loss
account, the balance sheet, and The merged company does $100
details of the past year's activity. million in annual business.
8. Be in business 1.To be involved in business activities, The company has been in
thus, if a company is in business, it business for over 30 years.
is operating and trading normally.
Just connect the printer to your
2. To be ready and able to start doing
computer and you’re in
something that you planned because
business.
all the necessary preparations have
been made. All you need is a microphone,
and you're in business.
It looks as though the merry-go
9. Be out of business 1. No longer in business or service; round is out of business tonight.
defunct.
The league was out of business
Syn: 2. If a company goes out of business,
after three seasons.
go out of business or something puts it out of business,
it stops operating, especially because If we sold food at those prices
of financial problems. we’d soon go out of business.
He’s decided to go out of
business when he turns sixty-
five.

10. Booming business Business which is growing, developing Fortune-telling and numerology
or progressing rapidly. are ancient and still booming
businesses.

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 Syn: Business which is very lively and On Oxford Street, the shops and
flourishing profitable cafes are doing booming
business business.
It took her ten years to build up
11. Build up business To bring a business (a company or an her publishing business.
organization) into existence, also to
The struggle to build up her own
develop or increase in stages or by
business had knocked some
degrees.
sense into her.
As the globalization of economic
12. Business A contest or rivalry between firms to process accelerates, business
competition win revenue. It is a fundamental competition is becoming more
economic force that benefits and more intense.
customers as firms are under
Sometimes it is an important
pressure to constantly improve
means in the business
products and offer attractive prices.
competition to lower the price of
commodities.
Unlike partnerships in which the
13. Business A form of business operation that partners decide policy, in
corporation declares the business as a separate, the business corporation the
legal entity guided by a group of equity owners relinquished their
officers known as the board of privilege in favour of the
directors. It has all the legal rights of directors.
an individual, except for the right to
Unlike a business corporation or
vote and certain other limitations.
labor union, a charity may not
sponsor or support a political
action committee.
14. Promotion Activities done in order to increase the Her job is mainly concerned with
sales of a product or service, or a sales and promotion.
particular set of advertisements for a
Supermarkets often have special
particular product or service.
promotions to increase the sales
of products.
15. Challenge A task or situation that tests I decided to take a challenge and
someone’s abilities. registered myself for a sprig
session offering of introductory
Latin.
16. Team spirit Feelings of camaraderie among the They failed, but their impressive
members of a group, enabling them to team spirit should take them
cooperate and work well together. back.
17. Customer A person who buys goods or services There’s a need for us to
from a shop or business. continuously upgrade the quality
of services we give to customers.
18. Profit A financial gain, especially the Chinese farmers hope to earn big
difference between the amount earned profits selling fox pelts into the
and the amount spent in buying, Russian and Chinese markets.
operating and producing something.
19. Job security An assurance that an individual will The major issues in the strike
keep his or her job without the risk of are pay and job security.
becoming unemployed.
Their job security has not been
threatened by emerging young
talent.
20. Be made To be dismissed because the work you The spokesman said 115
redundant did is no longer needed, or there’s no employees would be made
more work for you – it’s not because of redundant in August.
your faults, but rather some Staff to be made redundant
Syn: be laid off reorganization in the company. received their notices on Dec, 1.

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21. Increment A regular increase in salary or in the We measure business based on
amount of money someone is paid. wait time in increments of
seconds.
I feel that we the employees
should still get an increment.
22. Unsocial hours Unusual hours that cause someone to Mary’s unsocial hours mean that
Syn: non-standard work when other people are spending she is often forced to leave baby
hours, irregular their time together. Annie alone at night whilst she
working hours goes out to work the streets.
23. Steady job A job or work that will definitely It’s hard to find a steady, well-
continue over a long period of time. paying job.
Less than half of the working
population holds a steady job.
24. Adverse working Bad or unfavourable working The expedition was abandoned
conditions conditions, conditions that make it because of adverse working
difficult to work. conditions.
25. Unemployed A person with no job or having no The crowds who gather here are
regular work. blue-collar or unemployed.
The number of unemployed
middle-age men is also rising.
26. Repetitive strain A painful medical condition that can I recently received a serious
injury (RSI) cause damage to the hands, wrists, repetitive strain injury at work.
and back, especially of people who
RSI is a symptom of the new
work on computer or use other forms
computer culture, Gregory said.
of keyboard.
27. Sick building A medical condition caused by These symptoms have been
syndrome chemicals and germs that persist in related to Sick Building
an office building and make people Syndrome, which involves
who work there feel ill. symptoms such as irritation to
the eyes, skin, and upper
airways, headache and fatigue.
28. Perks Something that an executive gets to In most firms, top management
their salary, for example, extra money incentives are thinly disguised
Executive perks based on company profits, the right to executive perks.
buy company shares cheaply, or the
He refused to say which of the
use of an expensive car.
perks had been provided.
29. Workaholic Someone who chooses to work a lot, Steve’s doing a 60-hour week at
so that he/she does not have time to the moment. I never realized he
do anything else. could be such a workaholic.
30. Incentives Something that encourages you to Awards provide an incentive for
work harder or to start a new activity. young people to improve their
Syn: motivation skills.
Collocations: to create/provide/give
somebody an incentive If you want people to change
their behaviour it’s good idea to
offer them some kind of
incentive.
31. Downsizing A strategy of management used to Contrary to popular myths,
reduce the number of people working downsizing does not necessarily
for the company in order to save make companies more profitable,
money or increase profits. more productive, or even smaller.
32. Job satisfaction The feeling of pleasure and Many people are most interested
achievement that you experience in in job satisfaction than in
your job when you know that your earning large amounts of money.
work is worth doing, or the degree to
Employees reported increased
which your work gives you this
job satisfaction since the
feeling.
changes to the organization.
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33. Incentive scheme An arrangement or a motivational The proposed new long-term
program under which employees get incentive scheme addresses
additional payment as a means of these concerns.
increasing productivity.
Italy’s 3.4 percent rise was
credited to a government
incentive scheme.
34. Commission A sum of money paid to a salesperson He also got a commission for
for every sale that he or she makes. bringing in new clients.
If a salesperson is paid on The agencies receive a 10
commission, the amount they receive percent commission from the
depends on the amount they sell. rental companies.
35. Union A workers’ organization which Unions representing federal
represents its members and which workers are cautiously
aims to improve things such as their supportive of expanding the
working conditions and pay. program.
36. Stress Mental or emotional tension or strain She could think clearly when not
characterized by feelings of anxiety, under stress.
fear, etc.
37. To resign (from) To officially announce that you have She resigned from the
decided to leave your job or an government last week.
organization.
38. Salary The money that you receive regularly Her salary is paid directly into
for doing your job, usually paid to you her bank account.
every month. Salary is usually used
for professional jobs such as teachers,
doctors, managers, engineers, etc.
Collocations:
1. She’s now earning a good salary as an
1. to earn/get/ receive a salary interpreter.
2. to be on salary 2. She’s on a salary of £28,000 a year.
3. Large companies often pay better salaries.
3. to pay somebody a salary 4. We offer competitive salaries to graduates.
4. to offer somebody a salary 5. His salary has increased to £ 80,000 a year.
6. They’ll cut salaries before they cut jobs.
5. to increase somebody’s salary 7. She moved to a job with a higher salary.
6. to cut somebody’s salary 8. It sounds an interesting job, but the salary is
7. high / good salary too slow.
9. He’s now a top executive with a six-figure
8. low salary salary.
9. a six-figure salary 10. His annual salary is $200,000.
11. His current salary is just over $30,000 a
10. annual salary year.
11. current salary 12. You get a basic salary and then other
benefits on the top.
12. basic / base salary 13. The starting salary for a hotel manager is
13. starting salary $26,200.
14. final salary 14. Your pension is based on a proportion of
your final salary.
15. an increase / rise in salary 15. They were offered a 10% increase in salary.
39. Gross salary The salary before tax has been taken Employers and employees each
from it. contribute 20 percent of an
employee’s gross salary to the
employee’s pension account.
40. Net salary The salary after tax has been taken The starting net salary for police
from it. officer recruits during the 18-
month academy is just over
£6000.
41. Pay The money you receive for doing a job. Teacher’s pay was cut by 10%
two years ago.
42. Wages The money that someone is paid every Practically all my wages go on
week by their employer, especially housing and transport to work.
someone who works in a shop or a
The average weekly wage was
factory.
£350.

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43. Income The money that you receive regularly
for doing your job and from things
such as a business or investments.
44. Earnings The total amount of money you earn
from any job you do - used especially
when the amount is different each
month of the year.
45. Sickness benefit Money paid by the government to
someone who is ill to work.
46. Demanding Needing a lot of ability, effort, time,
attention and skill.
47. Pricing strategies A technique for assessing fees, service
charges, interest rates, and other
pricing elements with the aim of
making the products acceptable to the
target market and generating a profit.
48. Research A systematic inquiry or investigation
into a subject in order to discover or
revise facts, theories, etc.
49. Competitor A person, team, company, etc. that
competes with.
50. Focus A central point, as of attraction,
attention, or activity. It can also be a
verb with the meaning of ‘to
concentrate on’.
51. Joint-venture A commercial undertaken by two or
more people organised to accomplish
a single purpose. It exists as long as
its specific purpose exists/ continues.
52. Budgeting A plan of operations based on an
estimate of expected income and
expense, or operating results for a
given period in the future.
53. To merge To combine into a single enterprise,
organisation, body, etc.
54. To set up a To start / establish a new business.
business
55. To respond To act in reply; react.
56. To prevent To keep from occurring; to obstruct.
57. Workplace The room, building where we do our
job.
58. Career A job or profession that a person has
been trained for and which he does for
a long period of his life.
59. Profession A job that needs a high level of
education and training; it also means
the people who do a particular type of
9
The amount of tax you have to
pay depends on your income.
People on low income are finding
it difficult to pay their bills.
The average workers’ earnings
have not kept us with inflation.
She is entitled (has an official
right) to receive State Sickness
Benefit from the Department of
Social Security.
He has been a steady student
despite having a demanding
schedule.
Coca-cola Amatil said its pricing
strategy, particularly in Europe,
has been aggressive.
The company also has a
reputation for its highly
competitive pricing strategies.
Research and prototype
production go hand in hand, the
manager said.
When there are more competitors
it will be to our advantage.
My focus is on the working
members of the middle class.
That’s where our focus has to be.
Our joint-venture company was
established in Singapore since
1990.
As deputy secretary, she oversaw
budgeting and management
issues.
Last week, its board voted to
merge with the steelworkers.
In 1975 Hilton set up a business
drilling wells for water in Egypt.
We hope Congress will respond
to the will of the people.
A little more investment earlier
on might help prevent such
crises.
Government has taken over
responsibility for protecting
workplace safety and pensions.
I’d always wanted a career in
teaching.
I was not interested in an
academic career.
Johnson was a barrister by
profession.
 work.
Collocations: The medical profession is always
enter/go into/ join a profession looking to improve patient care.
60. Shift A period of time that is worked, for Dave had to work a 12-hour shift
example in a factory or hospital yesterday.
during the day or night so that there
The thought of working night
are always people working there.
shifts put her off becoming a
Ex: the night shift/a ten-hour shift.
nurse.
61. Overtime Time that someone spends working in Anything over 40 hours is
his job in addition to his normal overtime.
working hours.
We had to work overtime to get
the job finished.
62. Leave Time that we are allowed to take off I get twenty days annual
work, for example for holiday, illness leave (paid time off every year).
or having babies.
Isabel is on maternity leave (off
work to have a baby).
63. Be off sick Be not at work because of illness. Three of our team are
currently off sick.
64. Career break A (short) period of time when you do I took a career break for a year
not work in your usual job or and travelled.
profession, for example because you
It is vital that the education
want to write your dissertation.
system should attract back
women who have taken a career
break to raise a family.
65. To retire To stop working permanently, usually My father retired at sixty-five.
because you have reached a particular
age. He was forced to retire early
because of poor health.
66. To be promoted To be raised to a more important Helen was promoted to senior
position at work. manager.
67. To be demoted To make someone’s rank or position He was demoted from his
at work lower or less important than position as chairman of the
they had before. board last April.
68. To be sacked To be removed/dismissed from a job. He was sacked for being drunk.
(informal)
69. Career-minded A person who is very interested in She worked to earn money but
their work and is keen to make she was never especially career–
progress. minded.
70. Professional A person who shows the correct The woman who dealt with us
qualities and skills for work, such as was very professional.
being smart, serious and organized.

3. QUESTIONS
1. What is business?
2. What is for-profit organization?
3. What is non-profit organization?
4. What is production? What does it deal with?
5. What is just-in-time inventory?
6. What is marketing? What does it deal with?
7. What does finance as a business operation imply? What does it deal with?
8. What does HRM involve? What does it deal with?
9. What are the main elements that make a job worthwhile?
10. What are some elements that make a job undesirable?
11. What analogy would you use to describe setting up in business? Think of as many detatils as
you can provide. Why do you consider that this analogy is the best one?
10