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3 Ocupatia in Context 2
3 Ocupatia in Context 2
Ocupaia n
context
(Mediu i Individ)
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LOGO
Ce este sntatea ?
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Declaraia Alma Ata (WHO, 1978) a reiterat
aceast definiie , adugnd c sntatea este
un drept uman fundamental.
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WHO, 1986 capitolul de promovare a sntii
Def. msura n care un individ sau un grup este
capabil pe de o parte s-i realizeze aspiraiile i
s-i satisfac nevoile, i pe de alt parte s se
adapteze sau s schimbe mediul n care
triete.
Starea de sntate este astfel vzut ca o
resurs pentru viaa de zi cu zi i nu doar ca
un obiectiv al vieii.
Starea de sntate este un concept pozitiv care
pune accent att pe resursele sociale i
personale ct i pe calitile fizice.
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Cerine pentru sntate (WHO, 1986)
Pace
Adpost
Hran
Educaie
Relaii sociale
Venituri
Emanciparea femeilor
Ecosistem stabil
Resurse de susinere
Justiie social
Egalitate social
Respectarea drepturilor omului i echitate
The Ottawa Charter (WHO 1986),
TheJakataDeclaration(WHO 1997)
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Starea de bine
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Teorii care promoveaz aspectele mentale ale
strii de bine
(ex. Antonovsky Sense of Coherence
Csikszentmihalyi Flow Theory)
Aspectele fizice
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Stare de bine mental
(Wilcock 2006).
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Stare de bine social
Felul cum este preuit,
evaluat, apreciat persoana
n societate i funcionarea
sa n societate
reele sociale
asisten social
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Capitalul social
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Starea de bine ca proces
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Calitatea vieii
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Exist o legtur ntre ocupaie/activitate i
sntate?
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Cercetarea n sntate i ocupaii
Dificultile:
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Dovezi tiinifice
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Studiu asupra persoanelor vrstnice , Clark et al.
1997
3 grupuri -
Rezultate:
nici o diferen ntre grupurile de 2 & 3
Grupa 1
mbuntire semnificativ / ncetinirea declinului, n sntatea fizic i
funcionalitate, funcionarea social, vitalitatea, sntii mentale i
satisfacia de via
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Pe durata studiului - au avut parte de aventur,
provocare, stabilire de legturi sociale, cltorii,
precum i numeroase oportuniti de a-i folosi
deprinderile i capacitile proprii n rezolvarea
unor situaii", n mediul lor de via- Los Angeles
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Dovezi tiinifice
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Beneficiile pentru sntate ale ocupaiei
Prevenirea bolilor
Prevenirea dizabilitilor
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Factori mediatori
Echilibrul auto-identificat
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Provocri ocupaionale
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Provocrile ocupaionale
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Provocri ocupaionale identificate de fondatorii OT
1917
Alienare
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Provocri ocupaionale 1950
Muscelo-scheletic
Sistemul neurologic
Mecanismul psihologic
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Provocri ocupaionale 1980
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Noile Provocri ocupaionale , 2000
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Justiie social:
Justiie ocupaional:
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Justiie ocupaional
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Nedreptate ocupaional
Cnd participarea la diferite activiti sau implicarea n
anumite ocupaii (ex. obinerea anumitor locuri de munc)
este
obstrucionat,
limitat,
restricionat,
segregat,
interzis,
nedezvoltat,
ntrerupt,
alienat,
marginalizat,
exploatat,
exclus sau restricionat ntr-un alt mod (Townsend &
Wilcock, 2004)
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Apartheid ocupaional
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Aprtheid ocupaional
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Agenii externe sau circumstane
care creeaz privarea
ocupaional poate consta n
tehnologie limitat, lipsa forei de
munc, srcie, politicile,
serviciile sociale limitate, i
sistemele de educaie limitate.
ex:
"Imposibilitatea de a prospera"
sindromul
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Alienare ocupaional
Un sentiment de
Izolare,
Lips de putere,
Frustrare
Lipsa controlului (pierderea controlului)
nstrinare
fa de societate sau fa de sine ca rezultat al
angajrii n ocupaii/activiti care nu satisfac
nevoile (interne) proprii fiinei (Wilcock, 2006,
p.343)
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Ex., Tehnologia informaiei
i suprasarcin
(ncrcare excesiv)
Ct timp ne petrecem
cu prietenii fa n fa,
avnd o conversaie
profund i autentic?
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Alienare
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Echilibru ocupaional
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Tem - Exemple de :
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Bibliografie
Antonovsky (1990), cited Persson, D., Eklund, M., & Isacsson, A. (1999). The Experience of
Everyday Occupations and its Relation to Sense of Coherence -a Methodological Study. Journal of
Occupational Science, 6(1), 13-26.
Clark, F. (1997). Reflections on the human as an occupational being: Biological need, tempo and
temporality. Journal of Occupational Science, 4(3), 86-92.
Creek, J., & Hughes, A. (2008). Occupation and health: A review of selected literature. British Journal
of Occupational Therapy. 71(11) 456-468
Csikszentmihalyi, M (1997). Finding flow. The psychology of engagement in everyday life.New York:
Basic Books
Deci, E.& Ryan, R.(2000). The what and why of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-
dertermination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry. 11, 227-268
Department of Health (2004). At least five days a week: evidence on the impact of physical activity
and its relationship to health. A report from the Chief Medical Officer. London. DH
Eklund, M. & Leufstadius, C. (2007). Relationships between occupational factors and health and
well-beingin individuals with persistent mental illness living in the community. CJOT. 74 (4) 303-313
Fiedland R. Fritsch, T. Smyth, K. Et al (2001). Patients with Alzheimers Disease have reduced
activities in middle life compared with healthy control group members. Proceedings of the national
acadamy of sciences. 98 (6), 3340-45
Glass, T., Mendes de Leon, C., Marottoli, R., & Berkman, L. (1999). Population based study of social
and productive activities as predictors of survival among elderly Americans. BMJ 319, 478-483
Jackson et al.Jackson, J. Carlson, M. Mandel, D. Zemke, R. & Clark, f. (1998). Occupation in
lifestyle redesign. The well elderly study occupational therapy program. American Journal of
Occupational Therapy,52, 326-336.
Law, M. Steinwender, & Leclair, L. (1998). Occupation, health, and well-being. Canadian Journal of
Occupational Therapy. 65 (2), 81-91
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Bibliografie
Marmott. M etal. (1978). Changingsocial-classdistributionofheartdisease.
Britishmedicaljournal. 2 (6145). 1109-12
Marmott, M. Et al. (1991). Employment grade and coronary heart disease in Bristish
civil servants. Journal of Epidemiology and community health. 32(4). 244-9
Orem, 1985, citedLaw, M., Steinwender, S., & Leclair, L. (1998). Occupation, health and
well-being. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(2), 81-91.(page83)
Ryff, C., & Singer, B.(1989). The contours of positive human health. Psychological
Inquiry. 9, 1-28
Seligman, M.(2008). Positive health. Applied psychology: an international review. 57, 3
18
World Federation of Occupational Therapists (2006). Position statement on human
rights. Online. Available:
http://www.wfot.org/office_files/Human%20Rights%20Position%20Statement%20Final.p
dfAccessed on March 9 2008.
WHO, Nutbeam, D. (1998). Health Promotion Glossary. Geneva: World Health
Organization.
WHO.(2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF Short
Version. Geneva: World Health Organization.
WHO. Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion(1986). Available at
www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/ottawa_charter_hp.pdfAccessed on January 26, 2009
WHO. Jakarta Declaration on Leading Health Promotion into the 21stCentury(1997).
Available at www.who.int/hpr/NPH/docs/jakarta_declaration_en.pdfAccessed on
January 26, 2009
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De ce au nevoie oamenii de ocupaie?
Nevoile
umane Supravieuire
Ocupaie
i sntate
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Contents
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LOGO