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Curs 3 - Boli Glomerulare
Curs 3 - Boli Glomerulare
DEFINITIE
• Inflamatie acuta glomerulara mediata imun,
aparuta dupa o infectie cu Streptococus
pyogenes cu potential nefritigen
• Manifestata clinico-biologic prin sindrom
nefritic acut
• Caracterizata morfologic prin modificari acute
glomerulare exudative endocapilare
Etiologie
• Streptococ beta-hemolitic
– grup A, tulpini nefritigene (serotipurile 1, 2, 3, 4, 18, 25, 31, 49, 52,
55, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61)
– Rar: grup C, grup G
• Apare la 10-21 zile dupa infectie streptococica:
– Frecvent: faringiana, amigdaliana
– Rar: cutanata (impetigo, celulita), otita medie
Epidemiologie
• Boala a copilului- incidenta maxima 2-6 ani
• <15% din cazuri: <2 ani si >40 ani
• Incidenta in scadere in tarile dezvoltate
• Aparitie sporadica sau in epidemii
• Foarte rar: asociere cu RAA
• Statusul socio-economic
• Colectivitate
Patogeneza
• Mecanism imun mediat de CI
• Incomplet elucidata
• Antigene streptococice implicate:
- NAPlr (receptorul streptococic pentru
plasmina asociat nefritei)- exprimat atat in
citoplasma streptococilor cat si membranar;
evidentiat in depozitele glomerulare.
- Exotoxina streptococica B (zimogen)
Nachman PH et al. Primary Glomerular Disease. In Brenner
CI- complexe imune Rector’s The Kidney, (2012):1136-41.
Patogeneza
Semiluna
Imunofluorescenta
• Depozite imune granulare (tipic pentru CI) la nivel mezangial si
subepitelial
– Intens C3, moderat IgG
– Slab/absent IgM, IgA
– Properdina
– Fibrina- formele cu semilune
• 3 varietati:
– “ghirlanda”: depozite masive predominant subepiteliale; prognostic
mai prost, proteinurie masiva
– “cer instelat”: depozite mici, izolate, predominant mesangiale;
prognostic mai bun
– “mezangial”: dominant C3 in mezangiu; faza rezolutiva
Aspect in “ghirlanda”
Imunofluorescenta
NKF. KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int (2012)2:
Algoritm de Modificari
diagnostic sangvine
paraclinic
Raspuns imun sistemic: Disfunctia renala:
-Nespecific: VSH, fibrinogen, PCR -Sindrom de retentie azotata:
-Specific (patogenie prin CI): (uree, creatinina, a. uric)
fractiuni complement (C3, C4), -Hiperpotasemie
frecvent CIC; ocazional FR, -Acidoza metabolica
crioglobuline -Functie tubulara NORMALA
Congestia intravasculara:
-Anemie de dilutie
-Hiponatremie de dilutie
• Hipertensiunea arteriala
– Diuretice
– +/- antihipertensive: calciu blocante (amlodipina, felodipina),
antiadrenergice (rilmenidina, clonidina), IECA/ARB (atentie la
hiperpotasemie!)
• Hiperpotasemia
• Dializa
Tratament patogenic (imunosupresor)