COMPARAIA ADJECTIVELOR (THE COMRARISON OF ADJECTIVES)

Formarea comparativului i a superlativului ADJECTIVELE SCURTE(monosilabice) formeaz -comparativul (MAI mic) primind -(e)r small - smaller -superlativul ( CEL MAI mic) the -(e)st : small - the smallest Ortografie: 1) Adjectivele terminate ntr-o consoan precedat de o vocal scurt dubleaz consoan: big - bigger - the biggest hot - hotter - the hottest fat - fatter - the fattest thin - thinner - the thinnest 2) Adjectivele terminate n -y precedat de o consoan transform pe y n i: dry - drier the driest 3) Adjectivele terminate n -e sau -ee, pierd pe -e final naintea lui -er sau -est: nice nicer - the nicest; free - freer - the freest; ADJECTIVELE LUNGI (formate din dou sau mai multe silabe) formeaz -comparativul (MAI dificil) cu ajutorul lui MORE -superlativul( CEL MAI dificil) cu ajutorul lui THE MOST careful - more careful - the most careful difficul - more difficult - the most difficult EXCEPTIE: ADJECTIVELE LUNGI terminate n -y, -le, -er, -ow i some respecta regulile celor SCURTE(monosilabice): happy - happier - the happiest; clever - cleverer - the cleverest narrow - narrower - the narrowest Excepii: eager, proper, fertile, hostile, fragile se compar numai cu more i the most. ADJECTIVELE FORMATE DIN TREI SILABE CU UN PREFIX NEGATIV: unhappy, unlucky, unpleasant, insecure; unpleasant - more unpleasant - the most unpleasant. ADJECTVELE COMPUSE formeaz gradele de comparaie n felul urmtor: a) cnd primul element este un adjectiv care i pstreaz sensul, acesta se schimb la comparativ i superlativ: well-known - better=known - the best-known ill-paid - worse-paid - tyhe worst-paid intelligent-looking, - more intelligent-looking - the most intelligent-looking b) cnd cele dou elemente formeaz un tot din punct de vedere al sensului comparaia se realizeaz cu ajutorul lui more i the most: heart-broken - more heart-broken - the heart-broken far-fetched - more far-fetched - the most far-fetched

COMPARATIVUL DE EGALITATE I INFERIOARITATE COMPARATIVUL DE EGALITATE se exprim prin adjectivul la gradul pozitiv precedat i urmat de conjuncia as: My room is as large as hers. Camera mea este la fel de mare ca a ei. COMPARATIVUL DE INFERIORITATE se exprim prin adjectivul la gradul pozitiv precedat de not so/as i urmat de as sau prin less...than: My homework is not as easy as yours. Tema mea nu e la fel de uoar ca a ta. This lecture is less interesting than the previous one. Acest curs e mai puin interesant dect cursul anterior. SUPERLATIVUL ABSOLUT Superlativul absolut se construiete cu ajutorul adverbelor very, too, highly, extremely, utterly: The story he told us was very amusing. It is extremelly difficult to reach the top. COMPARAIA NEREGULAT A ADJECTIVELOR Unele adjective formeaz comparativul i superlativul n mod neregulat: good = bun - better - the best Eight is a good mark. Nine is better than eight. Ten is the best mark. bad = ru worse - the worst ill = bolnav worse - the worst They are both bad boys, but Peter is worse than Tom. Of all the bad boys I know Peter is the worst. much = mult more - the most many = muli more - the most We havent much butter left. I need more help. This plate has the most meat on it late = trziu - later = mai trziu = the lastest = cel mai trziu recent mai recent cel mai recent - the latter = cel de-al doilea (dintre dou elemente) acesta din urm (opus lui the former) - the last = ultimul (dintre mai multe elemente) (opus lui the first) The late edition of this paper appears at 3 p.m. There is a later one at 5 p.m. John and Tom are tall boys: the former is the catain of the basketball team and the later is a good footballer. Whats the lastest news ? Care sunt ultimile tiri ? His last novel is still unpublished. Ultimul su roman este nc nepublicat. (nu a mai scris alte romane). old = btrn x vechi - older = mai btrn mai vechi - elder = mai n vrst (despre membrii aceleai familii folosit atributiv) (opus lui younger) - the oldest = cel mai btrn; cel mai vechi - the eldest = cel mai n vrst (despre membrii acelelai familii, folosit atributiv)

My brother is older than me. Fratele meu este mai mare dect mine. My elder brother is a doctor. Fratele meu mai mare este doctor. She is my eldest sister. Ea este sora mea cea mai mare. Not: 1. Formele elder i the eldest se folosesc uneori i pentru persoane din afara familiei: The elder girls in our school sing in the chorus. An elder officer 2. Elder poate fi folosit i ca substantiv nenumrabil la plural: She followed the advice of her elders. near = aproape - nearer = mai apropiat (n spaiu, rudenie) - the nearest = cel mai apropiat (n spaiu, rudenie) - the next = urmtorul (n timp, ordine) Peter is a near relation of mine. Peter este o rud apropiat de-a mea. Can you show me the nearest tabacoconists ? mi putei arta tutungeria cea mai apropiat ? Mrs Green was the next person to arrive. Doamna Green a fost urmtoarea persoan care a sosit. little = puin less - the least I have little time. My friend has less time than I have. Tom has the least of all. far = deprtat farther = mai deprtat (distan) - the farthest further = mai deprtat (distan) suplimentar, adiional, n plus - the furthest