Past tense Simple and continuous - Trecutul simplu si continuu

1. Trecutul simplu
Trecutul simplu (Past Simple sau Past Tense) exprim o actiune svarsit si ncheiat n
trecut.
Verbele regulate formeaza trecutul simplu prin adaugarea terminatiei "-ed" la forma de baza a
verbului.
Exemplu:
scream (a tipa) -> screamed (tipat); work -> worked
I visited him yesterday. - L-am vizitat ieri.

Particularitati ortografice ale terminatiei -ed

- Consoana finala a formei de infinitiv se dubleaza cand vocala care o precede este scurta si
accentuata:
stop (a opri) - stopped (oprit); prefer (a prefera) - preferred (preferat)
He stopped the engine. - El a oprit motorul.

Nota:
1. Consoana finala se dubleaza la cateva verbe, desi silaba finala nu este accentuata:
kidnap (a rapi) - kidnapped (rapit); handicap (handicapa) - handicapped (handicapat); worship (a venera) worshipped (venerat)
Lack of funding has handicapped the development of research. - Lipsa de fonduri a handicapat
dezvoltarea cercetarii.

Iar la verbe terminate in ic, "c" se schimba in ck:

picnic (organiza un picnic / a lua parte la un picnic) - picnicked (a organizat un picnic / a luat parte la un
picnic)
I picnicked with my family. - Am participat la un picnic cu familia.

2. In engleza britanica, verbele terminate in "-l" dubleaza aceasta consoana, indiferent de accent.
control (a controla) - controlled (controlat); travel (a calatori) - travelled (calatorit)
She traveled in other country - Ea a calatorit in alta tara.

3. In varianta americana a limbii engleze, "-l" se dubleaza numai daca ultima silaba este
accentuata.
control - controlled
dar:
travel - traveled

- Verbele terminate in "-y" precedat de consoana il schimba in "-i" :

study (a studia) - studied (studiat)
We studied English. - Noi am studiat engleza.

- Verbele terminate in "-e" adauga doar "-d":

move (a misca) - moved (miscat)
He moved that rock. - El a miscat acea piatra.

- Verbele neregulate au forme proprii de trecut.

Exemplu:
sleep (a dormi) -> slept (dormit); write (a scrie) -> wrote (scris) ;
I went to the opera last night. - Am fost la opera aseara.

go -> went

Forma negativa se formeaza cu ajutorul auxiliarului to do, conjugat la trecut (did) + not in fata
verbului principal la prezent. Did + not se folosesc des in forma prescurtata didn't.

I did not drink wine. - Eu nu am baut vin.

She /he didn't play football. - Ea /el nu a jucat fotbal.

Forma interogativa se formeaza prin inversiunea dintre auxiliarul did si subiect, iar verbul fiind la
forma de baza prezent.
Did you work here? - Ai lucrat aici?
Did she sing beautifully? - A cantat ea frumos?

Conjugare
I walked - Eu m-am plimbat
you walked - Tu te-ai plimbat
He walked - El s-a plimbat
she walked - Ea s-a plimbat
it walked - S-a plimbat
we walked - Noi ne-am plimbat
you walked - Voi v-ati plimbat
they walked - Ei s-au plimbat

Exemple:
Last year, I walked four miles to school every day. - Anul trecut, am mers patru mile pe jos la scoala, in
fiecare zi.
All of as worked really hard to make this society - Noi toti am muncit din greu pentru a face aceast
societate.

- Verbele neregulate au propria forma de Past Tense, o lista cu aceste verbe gasiti la
pagina: Verbe neregulate.
Exemple:
He said goodbye and left. - El a spus la revedere si a plecat.
Tarzan dove into the swamp and swam toward the alligator. - Tarzan a plonjat in mlatin i a inotat spre
aligator.
They came and read a beautyfull story. - Ei au venit si au citit o poveste frumoasa.

Functii
- Trecutul simplu se foloseste pentru a exprima fapte si realitati din trecut.
In the past people believed that the earth was flat. - In trecut, oamenii au crezut c pmantul era plat.

- Descrie un eveniment sau actiune incheiata, petrecuta in trecut.

John Loud invented the ballpoint pen in 1888. - John Loud a inventat pixul in 1888.

- Pentru a descrie starea, conditia sau obiceiuri din trecut.

I went to school by bus when I was a child. - M-am dus la coal cu autobuzul, cand am fost copil.

Trecutul simplu - exercitii

2. Trecutul continuu
Trecutul continuu (Past Continuous) exprim in general actiuni in desfsurare la un moment
din trecut.
Trecutul continuu se formeaza cu ajutorul formei de trecut simplu a auxiliarului to be,
adica was/were + forma participiului prezent (-ing) a verbului principal.
I was reading a book. - Citeam o carte.
You were talking. - Tu vorbeai. (Dv. vorbeati.)

Forma negativa - se adauga not dupa forma de trecut simplu a auxiliarului to be (was /were).
Constructiile rezultate: was not si were not au formele prescurtate "wasn't" respectiv "weren't".
You were not /weren't reading. - Tu nu citeai.
It was not /wasn't raining. - Nu ploua. (candva, in trecut)

Forma interogativa se obtine prin inversiunea auxiliarului to be, forma de trecut simplu (was
/were), cu subiectul.
Were they playing? - Ei se jucau?
Was he eating? - El manca?

- Trecutul continuu ca si prezentul continuu sunt forme verbale apartinand mai mult limbii
vorbite si sunt rar folosite in registrul scris.
Deoarece indica o limita a duratei actiunii, trecutul continu este foarte folosit si pentru a indica
actiuni care au avut loc (trecut simplu) in timp ce o alta actiune era in desfasurare, sau pentru a
indica o actiune in desfasurare care este intrerupta de o alta.
Carlos lost his watch while he was running. - Carlos si-a pierdut ceasul in timp ce alerga.
I was eating an apple when John came in smiling. - Mancam un mar cand Ion a intrat zambind.

- Pentru a vorbi despre obiceiuri din trecut. Trecutul continuu este adesea insotit de "always".
Grace was always eating with the left hand. - Grace manca mereu cu mana stanga.
You were always playing with your brother. - Tu mereu te jucai cu fratele tau.

- In general, numai anumite verbe pot fi folosite la aspectul continuu si acestea se numesc verbe
dinamice, vedeti subtitlul 3 de la lectia Prezentul simplu si continuu.
Conjugare
I was walking - Eu ma plimbam
you were walking - Tu te plimbai
He was walking - El se plimba
she was walking - Ea se plimba
it was walking - Se plimba
we were walking - Noi ne plimbam
you were walking - Voi va plimbati
they were walking - Ei se plimbau

Exemple:
Dad was working in his garden all morning. - Tata lucra in gradina lui toata dimineata.
Raoul were acting like his father. - Raoul se purta ca si tatal lui.
They were not being a good model. - Ei nu erau un bun model.
Was he being good to you? - Era el bun cu tine?