Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FACULTATEA DE GEOGRAFIE
PROIECT
CLIMATOLOGIE
BUCURESTI, 2014
1
CUPRINS
1.Metodologie.
2.Caracteristici climatice ale zonei.
4.Analiza graficelor....
5.Concluzii..
6.Bibliografie..
3
4-5
6-19
20
21
1. Metodologie
n eleborarea acestui proiect au fost necesare mai multe tipuri de metode precum
metoda analizei, metoda observaiei, metoda grafic i metoda bibliografic.
Datorit metodei grafice, am putut realiaza graficele prin care am reprezentat
temperatura, precipitaiile, frecvena i viteza vntului la staia meteorologic Buzu n
anii 1961 i 1970.
Prin metoda observaiei, se poate vedea clar diferenele de temperatur ,de precipitaii de la
o lun la alta, de la an la an. Se poate observa cum intervin factorii climatici.
Metoda analizei este una din cele mai importante metode, datorit faptului c graficele
trebuiesc analizate i explicate n acelai timp.
Metoda bibliografic este obligatorie fiecrei teme, ntruct trebuie s ne bazm pe un
studiu bibliografic destul de bogat.
temperaturi (36,5C) s-au nregistrat n data de 29 iulie 1902, iar cele mai scazute (31C) n 24 ianuarie 1933. Diferenele ntre maximele i minimele extreme sunt mari
(66,5 C), ceea ce subliniaza caracterul climatului cu mari oscilaii termice.
Amplitudinile termice ating valoarea de 18 C n zona Masivului Iezer, apoi cresc spre
sud, nregistrnd valori de 21,2 C, la Cmpulung i 24,3 C, la Piteti.
Precipitaiile atmosferice
n zona montan cantitatea de precipitaii crete n nord i nord-vest, unde
izohietele cu valori ridicate sunt dispuse aproape concentric n jurul vrfului Iezer. n
etajul forestier cantitatea medie anual de precipitaii este de 800-1200 mm, iar n etajul
alpin i subalpin cantitatea de precipitaii este de 1200-1400 mm. Cele mai mari
cantiti de precipitaii cad la sfritul primverii i nceputul verii (mai, iunie,
iulie).Dac n zona de contact munte-subcarpai, cele mai mari precipitaii medii lunare
se nregistreaz n iunie. n zona montan, la altitudini de peste 1900 m, se nregistreaz
doua maxime: unul iarna, n februarie cnd predomin precipitaiile solide i altul vara,
n iulie (145 mm).Cele mai reduse cantiti de precipitaii cad n sezonul rece, pentru
arealul cuprins ntre 800-1700 m i toamna, pentru sectorul crio-nival.Repartitia
cantitii anuale de precipitaii, n zona subcarpatic i piemontan, se caracterizeaz
printr-o mare neuniformizare. Izohieta de 800 mm trece prin partea central a
Depresiunii Cmpulung. Media precipitaiilor pentru ultimii 65 de ani este de 730-760
mm, iar media precipitaiilor pe ultimii 20 de ani este de 803 mm. n timpul verii i
nceputul toamnei convecia termic joac un rol important n dezvoltarea norilor
cumuliformi din care pot cdea precipitaii intense. Alunecrile de teren, uneori de
proporii nsemnate pe versanii cu nclinare mare a pantei i lipsii de vegetaia
corespunztoare, sunt datorate excesului de precipitaii. Cantitile anuale de precipitaii
pe dealurile care nchid depresiunile subcarpatice (Ciocanu, Ciuha, Mu) sunt mai
mari cu aproximativ 100 mm dect n vatra depresiunilor.Cel mai mare numar de zile cu
precipitaii se nregistreaz n luna mai (13,1 zile), scznd apoi spre sfritul verii i
nceputul toamnei (6,5 zile, n septembrie). Cele mai mici cantiti de precipitaii au
czut n perioada n care au predominat invaziile de aer tropical cald i regimul
anticiclonic.Cantitatea maxim de precipitaii a fost nregistrat la Cmpulung
(140,7mm), la 25 iunie 1937.
Circulaia maselor de aer
n zona montan domin vntul dinspre vest, care are o frecven ridicat tot
timpul anului (27%), urmat de cel dinspre sud - vest (17%).La staia meteorologic
Cmpulung s-a nregistrat o frecven nsemnat din nord (20,8%) n tot cursul anului.
Frecvena vntului dinspre sectorul sudic crete uor ctre sfritul toamnei, n cursul
iernii i nceputul primverii, devenind predominant n martie. Direciile dominante ale
vntului la Cmpulung sunt cele de nord - vest (13,2%) i sud-vest (9,2%), scznd apoi
de la 4,7% ( direcia sudic) la 2,4% ( direcia estic i vestic). Durata calmului
atmosferic este de 55,8%, oraul fiind situat ntr-o zon de adpost.
n sectorul
montan, cele mai ridicate viteze se nregistreaz primvara i la nceputul verii cnd
ating valori de 3 - 4 m/s, la vnturile de nord i nord-est. Toamna i la nceputul iernii
vitezele sunt mai sczute 1,2 m/s. n etajul alpin, la peste 2000 m, viteza vntului
crete, atingnd valori medii anuale de 7 m/s. Aici, att vnturile ce bat dinspre nordvest, ct i cele din sud, depesc viteza de 8 m/s, n ianuarie i chiar 9 m/s, n
februarie.Cele mai sczute viteze sunt semnalate la vnturile care bat dinspre est i
nord-est, la sfritul verii, n lunile iulie-august (5-6m/s).Frecvena medie anual a
vntului din direcia nord-vest este de 18%, iar cel din direcia de vest este de 13%.
Vitezele medii anuale sunt de 2,3 m/s, pentru direcia nord-vest i 1,8 m/s, pentru
direcia vestic.
3. Analiza graficelor
Tabel nr. 1 Temperaturile medii anuale la statia meteorologica Campulung-Muscel in anii
1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970
Media
anual
Lun
VI
VII
VII
I
17,2
17,3
17,4
15,4
17,9
19,3
16,4
18,9
19,1
11
18,3
17,6
16,3
15,9
18,4
15,6
14,3
18
17,9
14,6
18,1
17,8
16,8
16,9
15,8
9,9
12
12,
2
13,
1
15,
2
13,
1
16,2
17,4
16,2
2,2
8,8
11
15,7
18
16,6
13
14,
7
13,
2
14,
2
13,
6
13,
0
12,
5
2,1
8,6
12,
6
16,1
17,9
17,2
13,
6
II
III
IV
1961
-3
5,3
10,7
1962
0,2
8,4
4,9
1,6
2,8
4,1
3,8
1,1
0,3
2,4
1,6
3,6
0,9
8,8
7,2
V
10,
8
13,
6
13,
5
0,8
8,3
-6
2,3
4,8
4,2
2,5
2,6
8,5
3,4
7,9
1,9
11
2,0
1,6
0,7
0,5
1,8
2,8
1,3
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Media
lunar
IX
13,
6
13,
6
14,
4
8,0
XI
XII
8,0
8,7
6,1
-0,3
8,7
8,0
9,4
6,4
-2,8
8,4
8,0
8,3
6,4
-2,7
7,6
8,0
9,7
0,5
7,6
8,0
7,8
1,2
7,3
8,0
11,8
4,6
-2
8,5
8,0
10,8
4,6
-1,5
8,0
8,0
8,8
4,9
-2,8
8,3
8,0
7,7
5,0
-1,7
8,1
8,0
6,7
5,1
-0,6
8,0
8,0
9,0
5,0
-1,3
8,0
anii 1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970
13
12
11
10
Temeperatura (C) 9
Temperatura
medie anual
8
7
6
5
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Anul
Figura nr. 2
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII VIII
IX
XI
XII
-5.0
Figura nr. 3
25
20
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
15
10
5
0
I
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
-5
-10
Lun
840,3
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
1961
27,4
19,7
4,1
62,3
272,8
102,1
97,4
105,3
2,4
51,5
45,5
39,9
830,4
840,3
1962
7,9
59,2
114,5
48,3
50,2
68,8
150,4
55,1
39,6
31,8
88,6
26,6
741,0
840,3
1963
113,7
90,9
63,5
51,9
74
75,6
45
26
55,7
29,7
0,6
67,8
694,4
840,3
1964
2,6
25,3
53,7
48,9
93,4
101,4
132,2
66,6
25,9
181,6
68,9
69,5
870,0
840,3
1965
103,3
21,3
61,9
90
84,9
68,1
160,8
133,4
25,2
51,6
134,8
41,5
976,8
840,3
1966
29,3
6,9
13,4
48,4
101,1
187,3
130,3
98,5
29,4
45,8
51,9
75,7
818,0
840,3
840,3
1967
43,9
38,6
6,1
25,1
99,1
91,1
113,3
204,5
74,6
20
103,7
73
893,0
840,3
1968
97,1
61,2
17,6
29,1
111,5
31,1
50,9
86,6
41,8
3,6
175,6
102
808,1
840,3
1969
34,7
23,7
43,5
54,3
103,2
78,5
129,3
92,8
54,1
25,9
187,5
52,8
880,3
840,3
1970
83,6
32,5
8,3
39,8
101,7
83,9
119,7
127,2
39,5
42,8
164,9
47,2
891,1
Media
lunar
54,4
37,9
38,7
49,8
109,2
88,8
112,9
99,6
38,8
48,4
102,2
59,6
840,3
Figura nr. 4
1200
1000
800
Precipitaii anuale
Media Precipitaii
multianuale
600
400
200
0
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Figura nr.5
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
I II III IV V VI VIIVIII IX X XI XII
Figura nr.6
300
250
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
200
150
100
50
0
I
II
III
IV
VI
10
VII VIII
IX
XI
XII
1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970
Lun
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
II
III
IV
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer senin
6,0
4,0
3,0
4,0
0,0
2,0
4,0
7,0
9,0
6,0
5,0
0,0
Cer noros
16,0
11,0
22,0
15,0
14,0
21,0
25,0
21,0
17,0
18,0
13,0
17,0
Cer acoperit
9,0
13,0
6,0
11,0
17,0
7,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
7,0
12,0
14,0
Cer senin
11,0
0,0
0,0
3,0
0,0
4,0
6,0
11,0
12,0
9,0
1,0
3,0
Cer noros
9,0
13,0
12,0
19,0
25,0
23,0
20,0
19,0
14,0
16,0
13,0
17,0
Cer acoperit
11
16
19,0
8,0
6,0
3,0
5,0
1,0
4,0
6,0
16,0
11,0
Cer senin
6,0
2,0
2,0
0,0
0,0
6,0
6,0
14,0
12,0
5,0
4,0
5,0
Cer noros
7,0
8,0
19,0
19,0
27,0
15,0
23,0
15,0
15,0
18,0
23,0
11,0
Cer acoperit
18,0
19,0
10,0
11,0
4,0
9,0
2,0
2,0
3,0
8,0
3,0
15,0
Cer senin
10,0
5,0
2,0
6,0
0,0
4,0
6,0
9,0
7,0
8,0
2,0
3,0
Cer noros
17,0
10,0
14,0
15,0
20,0
25,0
19,0
19,0
15,0
18,0
14,0
17,0
Cer acoperit
4,0
14,0
15,0
9,0
11,0
1,0
6,0
3,0
8,0
5,0
14,0
11,0
Cer senin
6,0
3,0
9,0
1,0
1,0
0,0
12,0
8,0
12,0
9,0
1,0
1,0
Cer noros
11,0
17,0
12,0
15,0
23,0
29,0
18,0
17,0
15,0
19,0
17,0
20,0
Cer acoperit
14,0
8,0
10,0
14,0
7,0
2,0
2,0
6,0
3,0
3,0
12,0
10,0
Cer senin
4,0
0,0
1,0
1,0
7,0
0,0
3,0
9,0
3,0
10,0
0,0
3,0
Cer noros
8,0
17,0
15,0
15,0
17,0
20,0
25,0
18,0
25,0
16,0
15,0
16,0
Cer acoperit
19,0
12,0
15,0
14,0
7,0
10,0
3,0
4,0
2,0
5,0
15,0
12,0
Cer senin
7,0
5,0
13,0
7,0
9,0
4,0
13,0
16,0
7,0
14,0
6,0
8,0
Cer noros
11,0
8,0
17,0
14,0
17,0
14,0
11,0
8,0
8,0
6,0
7,0
18,0
11
1968
1969
1970
ML
Cer acoperit
13,0
16,0
11,0
10,0
7,0
12,0
7,0
7,0
15,0
11,0
17,0
7,0
Cer senin
2,0
3,0
8,0
7,0
1,0
5,0
7,0
2,0
1,0
8,0
3,0
2,0
Cer noros
14
13,0
18,0
18,0
24,0
23,0
22,0
20,0
25,0
18,0
10,0
11,0
Cer acoperit
15
13,0
5,0
5,0
6,0
2,0
2,0
9,0
4,0
5,0
17,0
18,0
Cer senin
4,0
2,0
5,0
2,0
7,0
10,0
15,0
7,0
17,0
11,0
8,0
5,0
Cer noros
14,0
10,0
14,0
15,0
13,0
8,0
8,0
16,0
6,0
11,0
13,0
12,0
Cer acoperit
13,0
16,0
12,0
13,0
11,0
12,0
8,0
6,0
7,0
9,0
9,0
14,0
Cer senin
3,0
1,0
1,0
2,0
1,0
1,0
1,0
4,0
8,0
6,0
4,0
1,0
Cer noros
14,0
13,0
15,0
18,0
20,0
23,0
26,0
22,0
17,0
17,0
23,0
23,0
Cer acoperit
14,0
15,0
15,0
10,0
10,0
6,0
4,0
5,0
3,0
8,0
3,0
7,0
Cer senin
59,0
25,0
43,0
33,0
26,0
36,0
73,0
87,0
88,0
86,0
34,0
36,0
Cer noros
129,0
120,0
156,0
163,0
217,0
201,0
197,0
175,0
157,0
159,0
149,0
162,0
Cer acoperit
130,0
142,0
118,0
105,0
86,0
64,0
41,0
46,0
55,0
67,0
118,0
119,0
Figura nr.7
Campulung-Muscel
1961
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
Figura nr.8
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
12
1962
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
Figura nr.9
1963
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
VI
Cer noros
13
VII
VIII
Cer acoperit
IX
XI
XII
Figura nr.10
1964
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
V
Cer senin
Figura nr.11
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
1965
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
V
Cer senin
VI
Cer noros
14
VII
VIII
Cer acoperit
IX
XI
XII
Figura nr.12
1966
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
Figura nr.13 Frecventa zilelor cu cer senin, noros si acoperit in anul 1967 la statia
Campulung-Muscel
15
1967
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
Figura nr.14 Frecventa zilelor cu cer senin, noros si acoperit in anul 1968 la statia
Campulung-Muscel
1968
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
VI
VII
Cer noros
16
VIII
IX
Cer acoperit
XI
XII
Figura nr.15 Frecventa zilelor cu cer senin, noros si acoperit in anul 1969 la statia
Campulung-Muscel
1969
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
Cer senin
Figura nr.16
VI
VII
Cer noros
VIII
IX
XI
XII
Cer acoperit
1970
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
II
III
IV
V
Cer senin
VI
Cer noros
VII
VIII
IX
XI
Cer acoperit
XII
1970. Se observa ca nu s-au inregistrat diferente foarte mare pe parcursul celor 10 ani,
doar anii 1967 si 1969 au un numar mai mare de zile cu cer senin, fata de ceilalti anii.
1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Media
Calm (%)
NE
SE
SV
NV
Frecevena (%)
169,0
96,0
22,0
36,0
43,0
108,0
34,0
63,0
889,0
Viteza (m/s)
3,5
4,0
4,1
3,5
2,7
2,7
2,5
2,1
3,1
Frecevena (%)
126,0
154,0
45,0
51,0
47,0
60,0
23,0
15,0
939,0
Viteza (m/s)
5,4
3,9
3,8
2,8
2,8
2,3
3,8
4,3
3,6
Frecevena (%)
109,0
190,0
68,0
74,0
64,0
72,0
15,0
10,0
858,0
Viteza (m/s)
3,7
2,9
3,5
2,7
2,0
1,7
1,7
1,7
2,5
Frecevena (%)
139,0
193,0
57,0
53,0
43,0
100,0
28,0
26,0
825,0
Viteza (m/s)
5,6
3,3
2,7
2,0
2,5
2,8
3,6
2,7
3,2
Frecevena (%)
8,6
13,0
4,0
4,3
6,8
5,6
1,4
2,2
54,1
Viteza (m/s)
4,5
1,9
1,9
2,6
1,9
2,5
2,1
3,4
2,6
Frecevena (%)
6,0
13,4
2,7
4,6
4,4
8,5
1,6
2,1
56,7
Viteza (m/s)
3,7
2,3
2,5
1,5
1,7
2,7
2,3
2,2
2,4
Frecevena (%)
6,7
11,8
3,4
4,1
4,7
7,3
1,2
3,4
57,4
Media
Viteza (m/s)
4,5
2,6
2,0
1,6
1,8
2,4
1,4
3,9
2,5
Frecevena (%)
7,3
8,1
3,3
2,5
4,9
7,1
2,6
2,5
62,6
Viteza (m/s)
4,2
2,3
1,9
1,9
1,8
2,3
2,1
4,7
2,7
Frecevena
5,9
12,1
3,1
3,2
5,1
7,1
2,4
2,7
157,9
Viteza (m/s)
3,5
2,8
2,2
2,2
1,9
2,4
2,4
3,3
2,6
Frecevena (%)
4,6
16,1
3,0
3,9
5,4
7,2
2,3
2,9
54,6
Viteza (m/s)
2,9
3,4
2,4
2,6
2,0
2,6
2,8
2,0
2,6
Frecevena (%)
58,2
70,7
21,1
23,6
22,8
38,2
11,5
12,9
395,4
Viteza (m/s)
4,1
2,9
2,7
2,3
2,1
2,4
2,4
3,0
2,7
Figura nr.17
18
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Viteza medie anual (m/s)
Viteza medie multianual
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
Figura nr.18
19
Figura nr.19
Calmul atmosferic
la statia Campulung-Muscel
N
100.0
NV
NE
50.0
0.0
SV
SE
S
Concluzii
20
Frecevena (%)
Viteza (m/s)
n concluzie,acest proiect a fost realizatn urma cercetarilor directe pe baza unei liste
bibliografice. Datele de mai sus ne permit s concluzionm c ntre sistemele de msurare sunt
diferene de reacie la schimbrile vremii i de acomodare cu mediul prin depirea ineriei.
ntr-o astfel de situaie, pentru a putea utiliza, n condiii optime, bazele de date este
necesar diferenierea diferitelor tipuri de msurtori, precum i date, i de calculare i de
aplicare, ale unor corecii pentru omogenizarea irurilor de date, asigurnd astfel
comparabilitatea acestora i depistarea schimbrilor climatice reale.
21
Bibliografie
22