Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
2012
1
CC.. Folosirea abuziv i incorect a terapiei cu antibiotice (AB) a
condus la:
creterea alarmant a procentului de izolare a unor tulpini plurirezistente la
antibiotice, fapt care impune obligatoriu:
CEFTRIAXON
CEFOTAXIM
BACILI GRAM NEG.
(enterobacteriaceae,
inclusiv.Ps. aeruginosa,
Morganella)
CEFTAZIDIM
ANAEROBI
(peptospreptococi,
bacteroides fragilis,
B. burgdorferi)
CEFTRIAXON
CEFOTAXIM CEFTAZIDIM
CEFOPERAZON
CEFEPIMA/ CEFPIROMA
CEFTOBIPROLE
CEFTRIAXON
CEFOTAXIM,
CEFTIZOXIM
26.05.2012
7
Carbapenemi
Antibioticul Doza/zi/ritm Spectrul
de aciune
Indicaii terapeutice (trat. empiric)
Imipenem/
Cilastatin
(Tienam)
Doze: 1,5 - 3g/zi, i.v.
Ritm: 6-8 ore intv.
Ss comunitar/nosocomial;
Pneumonii nosocomiale (de
ventilaie);
Teren neutropenic;
Electiv, in infectii severe cu Entero-
Germ.Gram
poz./neg.
- aerobi,
- anaerobi:
Clostridium;
Bacteroides;
B Gram neg
coc faecalis;
Infecii polimicrobiene intra-ab-
dominale aerob/ anaerobe (genito-
ITU, pancreatit ulcero-necrotic;)
Ertapenem
(Invanz)
Doz unic:
- 1g/zi, i.m.
Meropenem
Doze:
- 6 g/zi n infeciile
S.N.C.
Rit 6 8
Infecii cu b.Gram neg. prod de
ESBL (genito - urinare);
Infecii complicate ale pielii i
esuturilor moi;
Infecii severe cu Acinetobacter
baumannii MDR ( Nu Ertap)
B. Gram neg.
prod. de ESBL;
Germ MDR
Ritm: 6-8 ore
Indicat n plus, n infecii SNC
(concentreaz foarte bine n LCR)
compar. cu Imipenem.
Doripenem
Doze:
3x 500 mg /zi i.v
-Electiv: Infecii nosocomiale cu
Ps. aeruginosa, Acinetobacter bau-
mannii MDR
TIENAM TIENAM
Carbapenemii: Carbapenemii: spectrul antibacterian spectrul antibacterian
TIENAM TIENAM
Pseudomonas
Acinetobacter
Klebsiella
INVANZ
E.coli
MEROPENEM,
DORIPENEM DORIPENEM
Acinetobacter
S.aureus
Bacteroides
Proteus
MRSA
26.05.2012
8
Aminoglicozide
Antibioticul Doza/zi/ritm
Spectru
de aciune
Indicaii
Gen. I
Streptomicina
Kanamicina
Paramomicina
Spectinomicina
Doze: 1g/zi
M. tuberculosis;
N. gonoreae;
Brucella;
F. tularensis;
TBC cu m.tuberculosis (in TBC cu m.tuberculosis (in
asociere cu alte tbc asociere cu alte tbc- -statice); statice);
Tularemie; Tularemie;
Bruceloz; Bruceloz;
Pest; Pest;
Spectinomicina
Yersinia pestis;
Pest; Pest;
Gonoree; Gonoree;
Neomicina Admin. local Infecii Infecii cu cu MSSA/ MSSA/- -MRSA MRSA; ;
Gen.
II-a
Gentamicina
Doza:
-copil: 3-5mg/
Kgc/zi.
- adult:
2x80mg/ zi
Ritm: discont., la
12 ore interval.
Coci Gram poz.
- aerobi:
(MSSA/MRSA,
Infecii Infecii sistemice sistemice
Infecii Infecii pe pe teren teren neutropenic neutropenic
EE..I I cu cu Enterococ Enterococ (n (n asociere asociere
cu cu Glicopeptide) Glicopeptide);;
Enterococ);
Bacili Gram neg.
- aerobi.
Tobramicina
Doza:
-adult: 2x80mg/zi
Ritm: discont., la
12 ore interval
Gen
III-a
Amikacina
Doza/ritm:
2x500mg/zi la 12 h
sau doz unic.
Infecii Infecii grave grave cu cu BB.. Gram Gram
neg neg.. (R (R la la Gentamicin/ Gentamicin/ Tobra Tobra--
micin) micin)
Netilmicina
Macrolide
Antibiotic Doz/ritm Spect.
de aciune
Indicaii
Gen. I
Eritromicina
Doze::
copil: copil:30 mg/kgc/zi 30 mg/kgc/zi
Ritm: Ritm:- - 6 ore interv./p.os. 6 ore interv./p.os.
Germ. aerobi:
Coci gram poz.
Bacili gram poz.
Inf. streptococice Inf. streptococice
( pacieni alergici la
Betalactamine);
Pneumonii atipice Pneumonii atipice
Rovamyocina
(Spiramicina)
Doze/ritm:
66--9 mil.U /zi 9 mil.U /zi
( b. difteric, L.
monicytogenes)
B. gram neg. B. gram neg.
( Campylobacter, ( Campylobacter,
B. pertussis, B. pertussis,
L. pneumophilla) L. pneumophilla)
Mycoplasma Mycoplasma
spp spp
pp
Tuse convulsiv; Tuse convulsiv;
Difterie; Difterie;
Listerioz; Listerioz;
Toxoplasmoz; Toxoplasmoz;
Actinomicoz; Actinomicoz;
Infecii ORL; Infecii ORL;
Piodermite; Piodermite;
ITU cu Ch trahom ITU cu Ch trahom
Azalide
Roxitromicina
(Rulid)
Doze Doze::
2x 150 2x 150- -300mg/zi, p.os 300mg/zi, p.os
Claritromicina
(Klacid/Fromilid
)
Doze/ritm: Doze/ritm:
2x250 2x250--500mg/zi; 500mg/zi;
500mg/zi ( Kacid SR, 500mg/zi ( Kacid SR,
doz unic zilnic) doz unic zilnic)
500 mg/zi, i.v. 500 mg/zi, i.v.
Azitromicina
Doze/ritm: Doze/ritm:
spp. spp.
Chlamydii; Chlamydii;
Mycobacterii Mycobacterii
atipice atipice ( MAC) ( MAC)
Germ. anaerobi Germ. anaerobi
(Clostridium); (Clostridium);
ITU cu Ch.trahom. ITU cu Ch.trahom.
Infecii cu Infecii cu H. pylori
sau Campylobacter;
Lues; Lues;
Infecii odontogene Infecii odontogene
(Sumamed)
--------------------
--
Azitromicina
retard (Z-max)
500mg/zi (doz unic 500mg/zi (doz unic
zilnic/3 zile ( (efect zilnic/3 zile ( (efect
postantibiotic 10 postantibiotic 10--14 zile) 14 zile)
---------------------------------- ----------------------------------
2 gr.doz unic, p.o. 2 gr.doz unic, p.o.
Diritromicina
Doze Doze:: 500 mg7zi (doz 500 mg7zi (doz
unic)p.os. post prandial unic)p.os. post prandial
26.05.2012
9
Chinolone Chinolone
Antibiotic Doz/zi Spectru de aciune Indicaii
Generaia I Generaia I- -aa
Bacili Gram neg. Bacili Gram neg.
Shigella Shigella
Salmonella Salmonella
Infecii gastro Infecii gastro
intestinale intestinale
Infecii genito Infecii genito- -urinare urinare
( ( inclusiv cu inclusiv cu
Ch.trahomatis) Ch.trahomatis)
Ac.nalidixic (Negram)
4x1gr/zi
Generaia a II Generaia a II--a a (Fluorochinolone (Fluorochinolone)
Norfloxacin
2x400 mg/zi
Ofl i
2 100 / i
E. Coli E. Coli
Campylobacter Campylobacter
Germ. Gram poz. Germ. Gram poz.
aerobi/anaerobi: aerobi/anaerobi:
Chlam. trahomatis Chlam. trahomatis
Mycoplasma spp Mycoplasma spp
Prostatite Prostatite
acute/cronice acute/cronice
Meningite bacteriene Meningite bacteriene
Endocardit infeci Endocardit infeci--
oas cu MSSA/MRSA oas cu MSSA/MRSA
(+AG) (+AG)
Sepsis sever (+/ Sepsis sever (+/--
AG,+/ AG,+/- -BL); BL);
Legioneloz; Legioneloz;
Ofloxacin
2x100 mg/zi
Ciprofloxacin
2-3x500 mg/zi
Pefloxacin
2x400 mg/zi
Lomefloxacin
0,8 1,6 g/zi
Preparate S.R.
Levofloxacin (TAVANIC)
Ofloxacin OD (ZANOCIN)
Moxifloxacin (AVELOX) (AVELOX)
500 mg/zi 500 mg/zi
(doz unic)
Mycoplasma spp. Mycoplasma spp.
Legoinella pneum. Legoinella pneum.
MSSA / MRSA MSSA / MRSA
Brucella Brucella
Rickettsii Rickettsii
M.atipice (MAC) M.atipice (MAC)
Legioneloz; Legioneloz;
Bruceloz; Bruceloz;
Rickettsioz; Rickettsioz;
Infecii odontogene; Infecii odontogene;
Holera (FQ) Holera (FQ)
TBC cauzat de MAC TBC cauzat de MAC;;
Pre/ post interv. pe Pre/ post interv. pe
colon. colon.
Moxifloxacin (AVELOX) (AVELOX)
Generaia a III Generaia a III- -aa
Tosufloxacina
0,15 0,30 g/zi
(doz unic)
Sparfloxacina
A. Analiz comparativ pentru diverse clase de AB
40
Claritromicin
10
15
20
25
30
35
ELF
Claritromicin
Levofloxacin
c
e
n
t
r
a
i
e
(
g
/
m
l
)
Trovafloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Gatifloxacin
Ser
0
5
Amoxicilin
Cefuroxim
Ciprofloxacin
Nr. ore dup
administrare
1-2 4-6 6 6 6 6
Azitromicin
C
o
n
c
3 3 4
26.05.2012
10
Familia Glicopeptide
Antibiotic Doz/ritm Spectru Indicaii
Vancomicina
(Edecin)
Doz:
- 4x0,5 g/zi i.v. lent
Ritm:
Coci gram poz
- aerobi :
MSSA/MRSA
E t
+/- Alergie la BL.
EI (+/- AG)
Sepsis nosocomial pe
(Edecin) Ritm:
- la 6-12h interval
Enterococ
Str.pneum.(PRP);
- anaerobi :
Clostridium dificile
Sepsis nosocomial pe
teren neutropenic.
Colit pseudomembra-
noas cu Clostr. dificile
Teichoplanina
(Targocid)
Doz:
- I zi: 2x400mg/zi i.v.
- II zi: 400 mg/zi
Ritm:
Coci gram poz
- aerobi :
MSSA/MRSA
Infecii osteo-articulare.
S i i l
- 1 fl la 24h interval
MSSA/MRSA
Enterococ
Str.pneum.(PRP);
Sepsis nosocomial pe
teren neutropenic.
Telavancin
(Vibativ)
Doz:10 mg/kg /zi i.v.
Ritm: 1 fl la 24h
interval, adm lent- 60
(Cl.creat. >50 mL/min.)
Familia Lincosamide
Antibiotic Doz/ritm Spectru Indicaii
Lincomicina
Doz:3x0 5 g/zi Coci gram poz aerobi:
Infecii osteo Infecii osteo articulare articulare Lincomicina
( Neloren)
Doz:3x0,5 g/zi Coci gram poz aerobi:
MSSA/MRSA MSSA/MRSA
Infecii osteo Infecii osteo--articulare articulare
(osteomielit); (osteomielit);
Sinuzit maxilar Sinuzit maxilar
odontogen. odontogen.
Clindamicin
(Dalacin)
Doz:
3 x 0,25g/zi p.o
/
Coci gram poz aerobi:
Str. A,B,C,G; Str. A,B,C,G;
Str.pneum.(PRP); Str.pneum.(PRP);
MSSA/MRSA MSSA/MRSA
Infecii septice ale glandelor Infecii septice ale glandelor
salivare; salivare;
/
600 mg/zi i.v.
MSSA/MRSA; MSSA/MRSA;
Germ. anaerobi:
Peptostreptococ; Peptostreptococ;
Fusobacterii Fusobacterii
Infecii odontogene; Infecii odontogene;
Supuraie de plaeu bucal. Supuraie de plaeu bucal.
26.05.2012
11
Familia Rifamicine
Antibiotic Ritm/ Doza/zi
Spectru
de aciune
Indicaii
Rifampicina
(Sinerdol)
Doza/ Ritm:
1x 600mg/zi
/
M.tuberculosis;
Brucella;
Coci Gram poz:
(MSSA/MRSA,
Str. pneumoniae);
Tuberculoza
Bruceloza;
Mening. bact. (BL FQ);
3x 300mg/zi, p.o.
Coci Gram neg:
(N.meningitidis).
Infec staf. cutanate, pri
moi.
Rifaximin
(Normix)
Ritm/Doza:
3x0.4 g/zi
sau
2x0.8g/zi,p os.
Bacili Gram neg
(Enterobacterii);
Vibrionul holeric
Anaerobi;
(Clostridium,
Infecii gastro-intestinale;
Encefalopatia portal Encefalopatia portal
hepatic; hepatic;
BDA la pacieni aflai n stad
SIDA;
(Clostridium,
Bacteroides,
Peptostreptococ).
Colit pseudomem-
branoas cu Clostr. dificile
Fidaxomicin Fidaxomicin
Ritm/Doza:
2x200mg/zi
Anaerobi;
(Clostridium
dificile)
Colit pseudomem-
branoas cu Clostr. dificile
c u multiple recderi
Familia Sulfamide
Antibiotic Ritm/Doza Spectru de aciune Indicaii
Coci Gram poz/neg:
(Str pne moniae
Profilaxie i trat. pneum. cu Profilaxie i trat. pneum. cu
Pn. carinii; Pn. carinii;
Holer Holer
Cotrimoxazol
(Biseptol,Septrin)
Ritm/Doza :
-2x800mg/zi,p.o
/
- 2x 3,2g/zi/ i.v.
(Str.pneumoniae,
N.meningitis) ;
Bacili Gram neg:
( Enterobacterii,
Shigella, Salmonella;
Pneumocistis carinii.
Holer Holer
Inf. Cu Y. Enterocolitica Inf. Cu Y. Enterocolitica
Infecii gastro Infecii gastro- -intest; intest;
Meningite bacteriene (n Meningite bacteriene (n
asoc. cu BL asoc. cu BL FQ); FQ);
Bruceloza. Bruceloza.
SULFADOXINE Doz unic: Plasmodium; Malarie; Malarie;
PYRIMETHAMINE
(Fansidar)
- adult: 3cps/zi
-copil -2 caps/zi
Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasmoz; Toxoplasmoz;
Clotrimazin
( Sulfadiazin+
trimetoprim)
Doz unic:
--adult: 2cps/zi adult: 2cps/zi
-- 44--20mg/Kgc/zi 20mg/Kgc/zi
Plasmodium;
Toxoplasma gondii:
Nocardioz Nocardioz
Toxoplasmoz Toxoplasmoz
26.05.2012
12
Familia Polimixine
Antibiotic Doz/Ritm Spectru Indicaii
Polimixina
Doza:
- 22--3 mg/kgc/zi, i.m., i.v., 3 mg/kgc/zi, i.m., i.v.,
la 6 ore interv. la 6 ore interv.
- 15,00025,000 UI/kg/zi
la 12 h interv.
B. Gramneg.
(electiv (electiv:: MDR MDR::
-- Ps aeruginosa Ps aeruginosa
Infecii sistemice grave : Infecii sistemice grave :
-- sepsis sepsis sever, sever,
-- teren teren neutropenic neutropenic;;
-- pmeumoniii pmeumoniii deventilaie deventilaie
Doza::
Ps. aeruginosa, Ps. aeruginosa,
+/ +/- - Acinetobacter Acinetobacter
baumannii ) baumannii )
pmeumoniii pmeumoniii deventilaie deventilaie
---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
-- MM.. bact bact.. cu cu B B.. Gram Gram neg neg..
(n (n--nn i i sugar) sugar)
Colimicina
( Colistin)
a) a) 2-3 mg/kgc/zi;
b) 60 kg, 50,000-75,000
IU/kg/zi;
- p.o.( inhalatii), i.m, i.v.
- i. rahidian/ i. ventricular
Ritm: la 8 /12 ore interv.
Alternativa de trat pt. ITU
Antibiotic Doz/zi Spectru Indicaii Antibiotic Doz/zi Spectru Indicaii
Nitrofurantoin
Doza Doza: :
-- 50 50--100mg/zi x2 100mg/zi x2--3 ori/zi 3 ori/zi
-- 100 mg/zi la 24h interv 100 mg/zi la 24h interv.
( ITU recidivante)
B. Gram neg.
+/- ESBL,
- MDR
+/- VRE
Cistite
ITU necomplicate
ITU ITU cu cu VRE VRE
Familia Cloramfenicol
Antibiotic Doza/Ritm Spectru de aciune Indicaii
Coci Gram poz.
(Str.pneumoniae);
Coci Gram neg.
(N meningitidis H influenzae)
Meningite
bacteriene;
Cloramfenicol
/
Tiamfenicol
Doza:
- 30mg/kg/zi.
Ritm:
- la 6 h interv.
p.o/i. v.
(N. meningitidis, H.influenzae)
Bacili Gram poz:
(Bacillus, Listeria)
Bacili Gram neg:
(Salmonella,Shigella)
Brucella spp.
Vibrio spp).
Bacili Gram poz;
Febr tifoid;
Inf. cu H.Influenzae;
Rickettsioze;
Spirochete
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma
Anaerobi;
Pneumonii atipice;
Actinomicoz;
26.05.2012
13
Familia Benzimidazoli
Antibiotic Doz/Ritm Spectru
de aciune
Indicaii
D 0 5 2 / i
Metronidazol
Doza: 0.5g-2g/zi
Ritm: 6-12h intv.
Gram poz./neg.
- anaerobi
Trichomonas
vaginalis;
Giardia
intestinalis.
E t b
Infec. cu anaerobi;
Dizenteria amoebian ac;
Giardioza;
Trichomoniaza;
Ulcer gastric.
Tinidazol
(Fasigyn)
Doza:2g/zi
Ritm:doza unic.
Doza:2x0 5g/zi/p o
Entamoeba
histolytica.
Helycobacter
pylori.
Colit seudomembranoas
Tetanos
Ornidazol
(Tiberal)
Doza:2x0.5g/zi/p.o
Familia Oxazolidinone
Antibiotic Doz/Ritm Spectru Indicaii
Linezolid
Doza:3 x 250 mg/zi ,p.o., i.v.
Ritm: la 8 ore interv.
MRSA
PRP
GRE
Infecii sistemice grave (sepsis sever,
endocardit infecioas), declanate de
microorg.rezist. la Betalactamine;
Teren neutropenic;
Infecii sistemice nosocomiale.
Familia Sinergistine
Antibiotic Doz/zi Spectru Indicaii
Quinupristin+
Daftopristin
(Sinercid)
Doza:
7,5mg/
Kgc/zi
Coci Gram poz. i neg;
Bacili Gram poz. i neg;
- anaerobi;
Mycoplasma ;
Chlamydia;
Legionella
Sepsis nosocomial sever;
Endocardit infecioas
nosocomial;
Infecii pe teren eutropenic;
Infecii grave cu Enterococ.
Inf. ORL,osteoarticulare ,
Familia Ketolide
Antibiotic Doz/zi Spectru Indicaii
Telithromycin
(Ketek)
Doza unic:
0.4-0.8g/zi
p.o.
(1tab=0.4g)
Coci Gram poz;
Bacili Gram neg:
(Legionella,
B.pertusis, H.Influenza;
L.monocitog;
Mycoplasma,Chlamydia
Infecii ORL;
Pneumonii comunitare;
Infecii odontogene;
ICRS rezist. la Penicilin G;
Persoane alergice la Beta-lactam.;
26.05.2012
14
Familia Tetracicline
Antibiotic Doza/Ritm Spectru de aciune Indicaii
GENERAIA I Coci Gram poz.
- aerobi:
Strept. salivarius,
Lactobacillus;
Coci Gram poz.
Periodontite;
Borelioz;
Holer;
Tetraciclina
Doza 1-2g/zi
Ritm:6-8 h interv.
p
- anaerobi:
(Peptostreptococ, Clostridium/
Actinomyces);
Bacili Gram neg.
- anaerobi:
(Fusobacterium, (Fusobacterium,
Bac Bacteroides, teroides,
Prevotella, Porphyromonas); Prevotella, Porphyromonas);
Vibrion holeric;
Rickettsioze;
Infecii genit.cu Ch.
trahomatis;
Pneumonia atipice
(Mycoplasma , (Mycoplasma ,
L. pneumophilla); L. pneumophilla);
Listerioza;
Actynomicoza;
GENERAIA II
Doxiciclina
Doza/Ritm:
- 2 x 0.1g n I-a zi
- 0.1g/zi (doza
unic)
Brucella spp;
Chlamydia, Mycoplasma;
Legionella;
Borrelia burgdorferi;
L. monocytogenes ;
Actynomicoza;
Tularemie
Pest
Antrax cutanat
Malarie (Plasm.falc. R. (Plasm.falc. R.
la Clorochin) la Clorochin)
Minociclina
Doza/Ritm:
- adult:200mg/zi
- copil:2-4mg/kgc/zi
Noi clase de antibiotice
26.05.2012
15
Tigeciclina: activitatea bactericid activitatea bactericid
Bacterii rezistente Bacterii rezistente Bacterii rezistente Bacterii rezistente
S. S. aureus aureus meticilino meticilino--rezistent rezistent (MRSA) (MRSA)
**
S. S. epidermidis epidermidis meticilino meticilino--rezistent rezistent (MRSE) (MRSE)
Enterococcus Enterococcus vvancom ancomi icin cinoo- -resist resisteent nt (VRE) (VRE)
E. E. faecium faecium
EE f li f li E. E. faecalis faecalis
Acinetobacter Acinetobacter baumannii baumannii
Tigeciclin: Tigeciclin: metabolizare i eliminare metabolizare i eliminare
Excreie
Eliminare nemodificat pe
59%
bil/fecale
59%
bil/fecale
8%
Altele
8%
Altele
33% - urin
((22 22%% -- nemodificat nemodificat) )
33% - urin
((22 22%% -- nemodificat nemodificat) )
Eliminare nemodificat pe
cale biliar/fecale
Nu afecteaz activitatea
citocromului P450 (CYP)
A t i l t t
Tygacil