Ipoteze si aciuni de ncrcare n calculul arpantei

ncrcrile luate in considerare la dimensionarea elementelor sunt:

-greutatea proprie
-presiunea vntului
-greutatea zpezii
-for concentrat ce provine din greutatea unui muncitor n vederea reparaiilor
Presiunea vntului pe suprafaa acoperiului W(ze)=47.86 daN/m2
Ipoteze de ncrcare n calculul arpantei se ia n considerare posibilitatea de acionare simultan a
mai multor tipuri de ncrcri grupate n funcie de posibilitatea de apariie concomitent urmnd a se
stabili cea mai defavorabil situaie pentru elementul respectiv.
I1-ncrcare permanent+zpad
I2-ncrcare permanente+ncrcre din vnt+1/2 ncrcare din zpad
I3-ncrcri permanente(uniform distribuite),ncrcri utile(concentrate)
Calculul ipcilor la ncrcarea oblic
Se utilizeaz ipci cu l=48mm,h=48mm dispuse la o distan de 65 cm.
e=70 cm (distana interax ipci),distana dintre cpriori d1=70 cm.
ncrcarea permanent unei ipci pe suprafa nclinat
l = 600 daN/m^3
ipc

qp

ipc

= Ip c 1.35 + bipc hipc l 1.35 = 72.06 daN/m

ipc

qp x = qp
ipc

ipc

qp y = qp

ncrcarea din vnt

sin = 62.41 daN/m

cos = 36.03 daN/m

We = 47.86 daN/m2
1

ipc

qw

ipc

= We c 1.5 = 46.67 daN/m

qw x = 0
ipc

ipc

qw y = qw

= 46.67 daN/m

ncrcarea util aferent unei ipci

Iu = 100 daN
ipc

qu

ipc

= Iu 1.05 = 105 daN

ipc

qu x = qu
ipc

ipc

qu y = qu

sin = 90.93 daN

cos = 52.5 daN

Calculul pe ipoteze de ncrcri

Ipoteza 1
ipc

q1 x

ipc

q1 y

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

= qp x + qs x

= qp y + qs y

M1x =
M1y =

ipc

d2

ipc

d2

q1x

q1y

Ipoteza 2

ipc

q2 x

ipc

ipc

= qp x = 62.41 daN/m
ipc

= qp y = 36.03 daN/m

= 3.822 daN m
= 2.207 daN m

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

= qp x + qw x + qs x
2

q2 y = qp y + qw y + qs y
M2x =

M2y =

ipc

d2

ipc

d2

q2x

q2y

= 62.41 daN/m
= 82.70 daN/m

= 3.822 daN m
= 5.06 daN m

Verificarea rezistenei la capacitate portant

ipc

Mef x

ipc

Mr x

ipc

Mef y

ipc

Mr y

Mrx,Mry capaciti portante ale elementelor la ncovoiere static

Mrx = Rnc
c Wx mT nc mL
Rnc
c = mui mdi R i /i
mui = 1
mdi =

ipc

0.55qp

ipc

qw

ipc

+0.65qw
ipc

+qp

R i = 16.8 N/mm2
bh2

Wx = Wy =

mL = 1

= 0.602

= 18432 mm3

2
Rnc
c = 9.306 N/mm

Mrx = Mry = 154369.9036 N mm = 15.4369 daN m

ipc

Mef x

ipc
Mr x

ipc

Mef y

ipc
Mr y

1 =>

3.822

15.4369

cpriori d=0.9m i se reia calculul.

5.06

15.4369

= 0.577 Se opteaz pentru mrirea distanei dintre

Ipoteza 1
ipc

q1 x

ipc

q1 y

M1y =

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

d2

ipc

d2

q1x

q1y

Ipoteza 2

ipc

ipc

= qp y + qs y

M1x =

q2 x

ipc

= qp x + qs x

ipc

= qp x = 62.41 daN/m
ipc

= qp y = 36.033 daN/m

= 6.319 daN m
= 3.641 daN m

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

ipc

= qp x + qw x + qs x
2

q2 y = qp y + qw y + qs y
M2x =

ipc

q2x

d2

= 6.319 daN m

= 62.411 daN/m
= 82.700 daN/m

M2y =

ipc

q2y

d2

= 8.373 daN m

Verificarea rezistenei la capacitate portant

ipc

Mef x

+
ipc

Mr x

ipc

Mef y

1 =>

ipc

Mr y

6.319
8.373
+
= 0.951 = .
15.4369 15.4369

Verificarea de rigiditate la ncovoiere static(sgeata)

fmax final < fadmisibil
fadmisibil =

150

= 6 mm

ipc

ipc

f ipc px = fp x inst 1 + k def = 1.46 mm

f ipc py = fp y inst 1 + k def = 0.843 mm

ipc

ipc

5qp x d2

ipc

5qp y d2

fp x inst =
fp y inst =
ipc

f1x

ipc

f1y

384EIy

/1.35 = 0.8116 mm

384EIx

/1.35 = 0.468 mm

ipc

ipc

= fpx

ipc

= fpy

ipc

+ fsx

ipc

+ fsy

ipc 2

Ipoteza 1 f1 = f1x
Ipoteza 2

ipc

f2x

ipc

ipc

= fpx

fw x inst =
ipc

fw y inst =

ipc

ipc

5qw x d2

= 0.843 mm

ipc 2

+ f1y

+ fwx

= 1.46 mm

= 1.68 mm
ipc

+ 1/2 fsx

= 1.46 mm

384EIy

/1.05 = 0 mm

384EIx

/1.05 = 0.546 mm

ipc

5qw y d2
ipc

f ipc wy = fw y inst (1 + k w
def ) = 0.792 mm

ipc

f2y

ipc

ipc

= fpy

ipc 2

f2 = f2x

ntre ipci 65 cm.

+ fwy

ipc

+ 1/2 fsy

ipc 2

+ f2y

= 1.635 mm

= 2.19 mm Se verific distana ntre cpriori de 90 cm iar distana

Calculul i dimensionarea cpriorilor

Se utilizeaz grinzi cu l=80mm,h=200mm dispuse la o distan de 90 cm,l=6.65.
ncrcarea permanent
Ip = 80 daN/m2

ncrcarea din ipc pe cprior

1buc 0.0482 1.43 600 + 2 0.0482 0.9 600 = 4.022
hidroizolaie

Ip

termoizolaie

Ip

rigips

Ip

= 23 daN/m2 (20 cm de vat bazaltic)

= 9 daN/m2

cprior

Ip

= 0.2 daN/m2

= 116.2228 daN/m2

qcprior = 0.08 0.2 600 = 9.6 daN/m2

cprior

qp

cap

= Ip

ncrcarea din vnt

d 1.35 cos + qcprior 1.35 cos = 77.085 daN/m

We = 47.86 daN/m2
cprior

qw

= We d 1.5 = 64.62 daN/m

ncrcarea util aferent unui cprior

Iu = 100 daN
cprior

qu

= Iu 1.05 cos = 52.5 daN

5

Calculul pe ipoteze de ncrcri

Ipoteza 1
cprior

q1

M1 =

cprior

= qp

cprior

q1

l2

cprior

+ qs

cprior

= qp

= 426.113 daN m

= 77.085 daN/m

Ipoteza 2
cprior

q2

M2 =

cprior

= qp

cprior

q2

Ipoteza 3

cprior

qp

M3 =

l2

cprior

+ qw

cprior

+ qs
2

= 141.702 daN/m

= 783.302 daN m

= 77.085 daN/m

cprior

qp

l2

cprior

qp

= 600.67 daN m

Verificarea rezistenei la capacitate portant

Mr = Rnc
c Wx mT nc mL
Rnc
c = mui mdi R i /i

mui = 1
Mdi =

cprior
cprior
+1qw
cprior
cprior
qw
+qp

0.55qp

R i = 16.8 N/mm2
W=

bh2
6

mL = 1

= 0.755

= 533333.3 mm3

2
Rnc
c = 11.553 N/mm

Mr = Rnc
c Wx mT nc mL = 553.63 daN m
6

Mef = max(M1 , M2 , M3 ) Mr Nu se verific se alege ca soluie micorarea lungimii

cpriorilor adugndu-se o pan intermediar l=5.5m

Ipoteza 1
cprior

cprior

q1

M1 =

= qp

cprior

q1

Ipoteza 2

cprior

q2

M2 =

cprior

cprior

q2

cprior

M3 =

l2

cprior

= qp

= 291.4789 daN m

= qp

Ipoteza 3

qp

l2

cprior

+ qs

cprior

+ qw

= 77.085 daN/m

cprior

+ qs
2

= 141.702 daN/m

= 535.81 daN m

= 77.085 daN/m

cprior

qp

l2

cprior

qu

= 435.85 daN m

Mef = max(M1 , M2 , M3 ) Mr Se verific

Verificarea de rigiditate la ncovoiere static(sgeata)

Deformaia maxim final la elementele solicitate la ncovoiere.
fmax final fadm

fadm =

200

= 27.5 mm

Sgeat din ncrcare permanent

cprior

fp

cprior
fp inst

cprior

= fp inst (1 + k def ) = 20.8872mm

=

cprior

5qp

l4

384EI

/1.35 = 11.604 mm

Sgeat din ncrcarea din vnt

cprior

fw

cprior

= fw inst (1 + k def ) = 8.754 mm

cprior

5qw

l4

cprior
inst

cprior

= fu inst (1 + k def ) = 4.286 mm

fw

384EI

Sgeat din utile

fu

cprior
inst

fu

Ipoteze

/1.05 = 8.754 mm

cprior

cprior

qu

l3

48EI

cprior

f1 = fp

cprior

f2 = fp

cprior

f3 = fp

/1.5 = 2.956mm

cprior

+ fs

cprior

+ fw

cprior

+ fu

= 20.887 mm

cprior

+ 1/2 fs

= 25.17 mm

= 29.64 mm

fmax = max(f1 , f2 , f3 ) fadm Nu se verific si se micoreaz lungimea cpriorilor l=5.3m

fmax final fadm

fadm =

200

= 26.5 mm

Sgeat din ncrcare permanent

cprior

cprior

fp

= fp inst (1 + k def ) = 18.0108mm

fp

cprior
inst

cprior

5qp

l4

384EI

/1.35 = 10.006 mm

Sgeat din ncrcarea din vnt

cprior

fw

cprior
inst

fw

cprior

= fw inst (1 + k def ) = 7.548 mm

=

cprior

5qw

384EI

Sgeat din utile

cprior

fu

cprior
inst

fu

l4

/1.05 = 7.548 mm

cprior

= fu inst (1 + k def ) = 3.84 mm

=

cprior

qu

l3

48EI

/1.5 = 2.645mm

Ipoteze
cprior

f1 = fp

cprior

f2 = fp

cprior

f3 = fp

cprior

+ fs

cprior

+ fw

cprior

+ fu

= 18.0108 mm
cprior

+ 1/2 fs

= 21.846 mm

= 25.559 mm

fmax = max(f1 , f2 , f3 ) fadm

Calculul i dimensionarea panei centrale(de coam)

Panele sunt grinzi din lemn dispuse n lungul cldirii ncrcate cu reaciunile din cpriori care
fiind dispuse la distane mici produc o ncrcare uniform distribuit,n calcul panele se consider simplu
rezemate pe popi,mbinrile de prelungire a panelor se fac cap la cap n dreptul reazemelor sau prin
chertare.Distana ntre pane n sens transversal cldirii se recomand ntre 2 i 3.5m.Distana ntre popi n
sens longitudinal cldirii se noteaz cu t i este deschiderea panei i se recomand ntre 3 i 5m.Panele
pot fi orizontale(de coam sau intermediare) sau nclinate(la coame nclinate sau dolii).
Se utilizez pane cu seciunea de 150x250 cu deschiderea interax pe transversal de 5.3m(egal cu
lungimea unui cprior),distana ntre popi de 3m.
ncrcarea permanent aferent unei pane
Ip = 80 daN/m2
t = 5.9 m
cprior

lc

pan

qp

pan

qpx

pan

qpy

= 5.3 m

cprior

= Ip lc
=0

1.35 + qpan 1.35 + (0.08 0.2 600 nr. cpriori) 1.35 = 77.085

= 77.085 daN/m

ncrcarea din vnt aferent unei pane

pan

qw

pan

cprior

= W lc
pan

qwx = qw
pan

pan

qwy = qw

1.5

cos

= 761.0421 daN/m

sin = 659.0818 daN/m

cos = 380.5211 daN/m

ncrcarea util
pan

qux

= Iu 1.05 = 105 daN

Calculul pe ipoteze de ncrcri

Ipoteza 1
pan

q1x

pan

= qpx

M1x =
pan

q1y

pan

q1x

pan

= qpy

M1y =

pan

q1y

Ipoteza 2

pan

q2x

pan

pan

pan

q2x

pan

pan

q2y

Ipoteza 3

pan
pan

P3x

pan

q3y

pan

P3y

l2c

= qpy

M2y =
q3x

l2c

= qpx

M2x =
q2y

l2c

l2c

pan

= qpx

pan

+ qsx

= 0 daN/m

= 0 daN m
pan

+ qsy

= 681.66 daN/m

= 2966.073 daN m
pan

pan

+ qwx + qsx
2

= 659.0818 daN/m

= 2867.83 daN m
pan

pan

+ qwy + qsy
2

= 1062.181 daN/m

= 4621.815 daN m
= 0 daN/m

= 0 daN
pan

= qpy

= 681.66 daN/m

= 105 daN

M3x =

M3y =

pan

l2c

pan

l2c

q3x

q3y

pan

lc

pan

lc

P3x

P3y

= 0 daN m
= 3120.948 daN m
10

Verificarea rezistenei la capacitate portant

Mr = Rnc
c Wx mT nc mL
Rnc
c = mui mdi R i /i

mui = 1

pan

0.55qp

mdi =

pan

qw

pan

+0.65qw
pan

+qp

R i = 16.8 N/mm2
Wx =

Wy =

bh2
6

hb2

mL = 1

= 0.6027

= 1562500 mm3
= 750000 mm3

2
Rnc
c = 9.206 N/mm

Mrx = Rnc
c Wx mT nc mL = 1438.383 daN m

Mry = Rnc
c Wy mT nc mL = 690.4241 daN m
pan

Mef x

+
pan

Mr x

pan

Mef y

pan

Mr y

1 =>

2867.83 4621.815
+
= 8.687
1438.383 690.4241

Nu se verific.Datorit rezultatului relativ mare al raportului se opteaz pentru micorarea

lungimii cpriorului si a distanei dintre popi(t)
cprior

lc

=5m

t = 2.1 m

Calculul pe ipoteze de ncrcri

Ipoteza 1
pan

q1x

pan

= qpx

M1x =

pan

q1x

l2c

pan

+ qsx

= 0 daN/m

= 0 daN m

11

pan

q1y

pan

= qpy

M1y =

pan

q1y

Ipoteza 2

pan

q2x

pan

= qpx

M2x =
pan

q2y

pan

q2x

pan

pan

q2y

Ipoteza 3

pan
pan

P3x

pan

q3y

pan

P3y

pan

pan

Mr x

= 594.54 daN/m

= 327.7402 daN m
1

pan

pan

+ qwx + qsx
2

= 342.75 daN m
1

pan

pan

+ qwy + qsy
2

= 621.773 daN/m

= 952.522 daN/m

= 525.6291 daN m
= 0 daN/m

= 0 daN
pan

= qpy

= 594.54 daN/m

= 105 daN

M3y =
pan

l2c

= qpx

M3x =

Mef x

l2c

= qpy

M2y =

q3x

l2c

pan

+ qsy

pan

l2c

pan

l2c

q3x

q3y

pan

Mef y

pan

Mr y

+
+

pan

lc

pan

lc

P3x

P3y

1 =>

cprior

Se verific. lc

= 0 daN m
= 382.86 daN m

342.75

1438.383

525.6291

690.4241

= 0.996

= 5 m, t = 2.1 m

Verificarea de rigiditate la ncovoiere static(sgeata)

Deformaia maxim final la elementele solicitate la ncovoiere.
fmax final fadm

fadm =

200

= 10.5 mm
12

Sgeat din ncrcare permanent

pan

pan

f pan px = fp x inst 1 + k def = 0 mm

f pan py = fp y inst 1 + k def = 1.8249 mm

pan

pan

5qp x l4 pan

pan
fp y inst

5qp y l4 pan

fp x inst =

pan

f1x

pan

f1y

384EIy

/1.35 = 0 mm

384EIx

/1.35 = 1.0138 mm

pan

pan

= fpx

pan

= fpy

pan

+ fsx

pan

+ fsy

pan 2

Ipoteza 1 f1 = f1x
Ipoteza 2

pan

f2x = fpx

= 0 mm

= 1.8249 mm

pan 2

+ f1y

pan

+ fwx
pan

= 1.8249 mm
pan

+ 1/2 fsx

pan

5qp x l4 pan

pan

5qw x l4 pan
/1.5
384EIy

fp x inst =
fw x inst =

384EIy
pan

= 1.696 mm

/1.35 = 0 mm

pan

= 1.696 mm

f pan px = fp x inst 1 + k def = 0 mm

pan

f pan wx = fwx inst (1 + k w

def ) = 1.696 mm
pan

f2y = fpy
pan

fp y inst =

pan

pan

+ fwy + 1/2 fsy

pan

5qp y l4 pan
384EIx

pan

= 2.3758 mm

/1.35 = 1.014 mm
p

f pan py = fp y inst 1 + k def = 1.8249 mm

pan

fw y inst =

pan

5qw y l4 pan
384EIx

pan

/1.5 = 0.5509 mm

f pan wy = fwy inst (1 + k w

def ) = 0.5509 mm
13

pan 2

+ f2y

cprior

+ fux

f2 = f2x

Ipoteza 3

f3x = fpx

pan
fp x inst

fux

pan
inst

pan 2

= 2.919 mm

cprior

pan

5qp x l4 pan
384EIy

pan

qu

l3

48EI
pan

= 0 mm

/1.35 = 0 mm

/1.05 = 0mm
p

f pan px = fp x inst 1 + k def = 0 mm

pan

f pan ux = fp x inst (1 + k udef ) = 0 mm

cprior

f3y = fpy
pan

fp y inst =
pan
inst

fuy

cprior

+ fuy

pan

5qp y l4 pan
384EIx

pan

qu y l3
48EIx
pan

= 1.8503 mm

/1.35 = 1.014 mm

/1.05 = 0.0175mm
p

f pan px = fp x inst 1 + k def = 1.8249 mm

pan

f pan ux = fp x inst (1 + k udef ) = 0.0254mm

pan 2

f3 = f3x

pan 2

+ f3y

= 1.8503 mm

fmax = max(f1 , f2 , f3 ) fadm Se verific

14

Calculul i dimensionarea popilor

Popii sunt realizai din lemn rotund mai rar din lemn ecarisat aezai vertical sau nclinai.Popii
preiau ncrcrile de la pane i le transmit de regul zidurilor portante sau de la planeu n acest caz
rezemarea se face prin intermediul unor grinzi din lemn denumite tlpi care au rolul de a repartiza
ncrcrile concentrate transmise de popi i contrafise.Popii se leag ntre ei cu cleti executai din lemn
ecarisat(dulap) sau se prevd contravntuiri se recomand distana dintre popi ntre 3m5m.
La popii nclinai unghiul optim este ntre 3060.ncrcarea maxim este cea mai mare din
reaciunile verticale stabilite din primele dou ipoteze de ncrcare.
ncrcarea permanent fiecrui pop

= q

t Asec hpop lemn 1.35 = 1392.688 daN

ncrcarea din vnt aferent unui pop

cos

ncrcarea util

cprior

lc

t 1.5 = 1507.725 daN

= Iu 1.05 = 105 daN

Calculul pe ipoteze de ncrcri

Ipoteza1

+ N

+ N +1/2 N

= N

= N

= 1392.688 daN

Ipoteza2
N

= 2900.413 daN

Verificarea popilor la compresiune cu flambaj

hpop = lflambaj = 5.932 m

Nmax Cr

Cr = Rcc II Apop mTc = 6688.58 daN

Apop = Asec Acep = 0.0291 m2

15

Rcc II = muc mdc R c /c = 8.678 N/mm2

muc = 1

mdc = 0.904

R c = 12 N/mm2
c = 1.25

mTc = 0.9

coeficient de flambaj
=

3100
2

, 75

= 1 0.8
l

, < 75

100

= f , i = 0.289 b unde b = latura mare

Nmax Cr (Se verific)

Verificarea tlpii popilor la compresiune perpendicular pe fibre

Q r = Rcc Acalc mTc mr = 9091.152 daN

Rcc = muc mdc R c /c = 2.169 N/mm2

R c = 3 N/mm2
c = 1.25

mr coeficient de reazem

mr = 1.6

Acalc = Apop Acep = 0.0291 m2

mdc = 0.904
muc = 1

16