CURSUL 3

Continut:
 Adjectivul (formare, clasificare, grade de comparatie)
 Adverbul (formare, clasificare, grade de comparatie)
 Exprimarea preferintei.
 Modalitati de petrecerea timpului liber. Invitatia.

ADJECTIVUL

 Este partea de vorbire care insoteste un substantiv.

 Se pune in fata substantivului, are aceiasi forma indiferent de gen sau numar, nu se
desparte prin virgula.

Ex: a beautiful boy – beautiful boys; a beautiful girl – beautiful girls

She has a long curly black beautiful hair.

 Adjectivul care defineste o calitate sau caracteristica este CALIFICATIV. Adjectivele

posesive, demonstrative, relative, interogative si cele nehotarate se numesc
DETERMINATIVE.

Exceptii (situatii cand adjectivul se pune dupa substantiv):

 Pentru a sublinia o titulatura: Attorney General (procuror general)
 Dupa verbul TO BE, exprimat direct sau subinteles:
This man is old (Acest barbat este batran).
He arrives home tired. (El ajunge acasa obosit – el este obosit cand ajunge acasa)
 Cand denumeste o masura (timp, spatiu, cantitate): two centuries old, five feet long
 Pentru sublinierea importantei: Court Martial, Asia Minor, Ursa Major

FORMAREA ADJECTIVELOR

I) – prin derivarea cu sufixe (terminatii):

- ed: tired (obosit), interested (interesat)

- en: golden (din aur), wooden (din lemn)
- ful: grateful (recunoscator), beautiful (frumos)
- like: childlike (infantil, copilaresc)
- ly: daily (zilnic), weekly (saptamanal), monthly (lunar)
- y: sunny (insorit), funny (amuzant), cloudy (innourat)
- able: drinkable (potabil), eatable (comestibil)
- ic, ical: economic/al, historic/al
- less: homeless(fara adapost), careless (neglijent), hopeless(fara speranta)
II) – prin derivarea cu prefixe:

- a: asleep (adormit), alive (viu, insufletit)

- ante / post: antemeridian, postmeridian
- ex / extra: exchangeable, extraordinary, excellent
- inter: international, intercity
- retro: retroactive, retrograde
- super: superman, super civilized

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 - trans: transatlantic, transcontinental
- in/im/ir/il: irrational, indefinite, immoral, illegal
- un: unhappy, unpleasant
- dis: disagreeable, dishonest,
- non: nonsense, nonstop

III) – prin compunere:

In engleza vorbita in prezent este o metoda des folosita, din dorinta de a descrie mai bine o
persoana sau un lucru. Adjectivul se formeaza din mai multe parti de vorbire (diferite sau din
aceiasi categorie) legate cu liniuta.

- Substantiv + adjectiv: brand-new (nou-nout), long-legged,

- Substantiv + participiu: egg-shaped (ovoidal)
- Adjectiv + participiu: dark-colored, hard-boiled (bine fiert), good-hearted
- Adverb + participiu: hard-working (harnic), new-born (nou nascut)
- Verb + verb: make-believe (convingator), would-be (posibil)
- Prepozitie + substantiv: after-diner-wine (vin de desert), uphill road
- Numeral + substantiv: one – handed (ciung)
- Adverb + substantiv: down-hearted (dezamagit)
Atentie! Liniuta de unire poate schimba traducerea constructiei:
Ex: a small-inn room = o camera de han mic
a small inn-room = o camera mica de han

COMPARATIA ADJECTIVELOR CALIFICATIVE

I) Adjective scurte (formate dintr-o silaba, maxim doua)

 Pozitiv: old, big, clean, fat, thin, short, small, young, happy, great, large
 Comparativ: de inferioritate: not so old as = nu asa de batran ca…
de egalitate: as old as = la fel de batran ca…
de superioritate: older than = mai batran decat…

 Superlativ: relativ: the oldest = cel mai batran

absolut: very old = foarte batran

Reguli de ortografie

 Adjectivele terminate in consoana, precedata de o singura vocala, dubleaza litera finala

Ex: big – bigger – the biggest = mare – mai mare – cel mai mare
 Adjectivele terminate in “e” mut il pierd
Ex: nice – nicer – the nicest = dragut – mai dragut – cel mai dragut
 Adjectivele terminate in “y” ce are o consoana inainte, il transforma in “i” si apoi
primesc terminatia
Ex: happy – happier – the happiest = fericit – mai fericit – cel mai fericit

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Observatie: Daca “y” are inainte vocala, nu se transforma.
De la regula de mai sus fac exceptie adjectivele:

Shy – shyer – the shyest (timid), Sly – slyer – the slyest (smecher)
Dry – dryer – the driest (uscat) Wry – wryer – the wryest ( stramb)

II) Adjectivele lungi (formate din mai multe silabe)

 Pozitiv: beautiful, comfortable, interesting, boring

 Comparativ: de inferioritate: not so beautiful as = nu atat de frumos ca….
de egalitate: as beautiful as = la fel de frumos ca….
de superioritate: more beautiful than = mai frumos decat….
 Superlativ: relativ: the most beautiful = cel mai frumos…
absolut: very beautiful = foarte frumos

III) Adjectivele neregulate (isi schimba forma in comparatii)

 Good – better – the best = bun – mai bun – cel mai bun
 Bad – worse – the worst = rau – mai rau – cel mai rau
 Little – less – the least = putin – mai putin – cel mai putin
 Much (many) – more – the most = mult (multe)– mai mult – cel mai mult
 Far – farther (further) – the farthest (furthest) = indepartat – mai indepartat – cel mai
indepartat (cu “a” este in spatiu, cu “u” este in timp)
 Late – later – the latest = intarziat – cel mai intarziat – ultimul aparut/ cel mai
recent
last = ultimul, dupa el nu mai urmeaza nimic

IV) Adjectivele compuse

 Cand primul cuvant da sens constructiei, el este cel comparat:

Ex: good – looking = better – looking = the best – looking (care arata bine, aratos)
 Cand constructia este un tot unitary, se compara ca un adjective lung:
Ex: narrow-minded = more narrow-minded = the most narrow-minded (obtuz)

Constructii cu adjective calificative

 DIN CE IN CE MAI…= comparativ + and + comparativ

Ex: It is better and better = e din ce in ce mai bine
Se poate folosi si constructia ever + comparativ: It’s ever better.
 CU CAT…CU ATAT…= the + comparativ + subiect + predicat… the +
comparativ + subiect + predicat…
Ex: The longer the days are, the shorter the nights are (cu cat sunt zilele mai lungi, cu atat sunt
noptile mai scurte)
The more interesting the book is, the most expensive it is (cu cat e mai intersanta cartea, cu ata
e mai scumpa)
 NU NUMAI…CI SI…= not only + adjectiv + but also + adjectiv
Ex: She is not only beautiful but also clever (nu este numai frumoasa ci si desteapta)
 ATAT…CAT SI…= both + adjectiv + and + adjectiv
Ex: She is both beautiful and clever (ea este atat frumoasa cat si desteapta)

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 ADJECTIVE DETERMINATIVE

I) Adjective demonstrative

Apropierea (HERE = aici): THIS (acest, aceasta) – THESE (acesti, aceste)

Departarea (THERE= acolo): THAT (acel, acea) - THOSE (acei, acele)

II) Adjective posesive

My = meu, mea, mei, mele Our = nostru, noastra, nostri, noastre

Your = tau, ta, tai, tale Your = vostru, voastra, vostri, voastre
His = lui Their = lor
Her = ei
Its = ei, lui

Adjectivele posesive insotesc intotdeauna obiectul posedat. In cazul partilor corpului sau
imbracaminte nu primesc “the” desi in romaneste se articuleaza substantivul.
Ex: Look at his face! = Priveste-i fata!, Put on your clothes! = Pune-ti haina!

III) Adjective relative

WHICH = care, pe care WHOSE = al carui, a carei

WHAT = ce, care, pe care WHATEVER = orice, oricare
WHICHEVER = oricare, orice

Ex: Give me the book whose cover is red! = Da-mi cartea a carei coperta e rosie!

IV) Adjective interogative

WHICH = care WHAT = ce, care

WHOSE = a cui, ale cui… HOW MUCH = cat, cata
HOW MANY = cati, cate

Ex: Which boy can play tennis very well? = Care dintre baieti joaca tenis foarte bine?

V) Adjective nehotarate

SEVERAL = cativa, cateva A CERTAIN = un/o oarecare, anumit

ANOTHER = un altul/o alta CERTAIN = unii, unele
MUCH / MANY = mult-a / multi-e FEW = cativa, cateva
EVERY = fiecare, toti ALL = toti, toate
NEITHER = nici unul SOME = niste, ceva
NO = niciun -o OTHER = alt-a
THE OTHER = celalat-a SUCH = asemenea, asa
LITTLE = putin-a ENOUGH = destul-a
EACH = fiecare in parte EITHER = ambii-ele
BOTH = amandoi-ua ANY = niste, niciun-o

Ex: I can’t see any dog! = Nu vad niciun caine!

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 They have no brother! = Ei nu au niciun frate!
ADVERBUL

 Este partea de vorbire care insoteste un verb, un alt adverb sau un adjectiv.

FORMAREA ADVERBELOR

I) Din adjective prin adaugarea sufixului “ly”:

Ex: sensible – sensibly = rezonabil, rational / cu intelepciune

kind – kindly = amabil / cu amabilitate

Reguli de ortografie

 “e” final se pastreaza, cu exceptia situatiei cand avem “le” si inainte o consoana
Ex: sincere – sincerely = sincer / cu sinceritate, sensible – sensibly = rezonabil / cu intelepciune
 “l” final se pastreaza daca are inainte vocala dar cade daca are consoana
Ex: legal – legally = legal / in legalitate
 “ue” final il pirde pe “e” inaintea terminatiei
Ex: true – truly = adevarat – cu adevarat
 “y” final se transforma in “i”
Ex: pretty – prettily = dragut – cu dragalesenie (exceptie: dryly, shyly, wryly)

II) Din adjective care isi schimba locul in propozitie (au forma identical):

Ex: a straight line (adjectiv) – to go straight home (adverb)

a long way (adjectiv) – to live long (adverb)

III) Din adjective, cu doua forme: una identica cu adjectivul, alta cu sufix “ly”:

Atentie! Cele doua forme nu au intotdeauna traducere identica!

Ex: I work hard = Eu muncesc greu - They hardly work = Ei abia daca muncesc
The plane flies high = Avionul zboara la inaltime
The film is highly interesting = Filmul este deosebit de interesant
Late = tarziu, cu intarziere - lately = recent
Just = chiar, imediat, doar ce - justly = pe drept, pe buna dreptate

GRADELE DE COMPARATIE ALE ADVERBELOR

Sunt identice cu cele ale adjectivelor

Adverbe scurte: hard – harder – hardest (greu – mai greu – cel mai greu)
Adverbe lungi: quickly – more quickly – most quickly (repede – mai repede – cel mai repede)
Adverbe neregulate: well – better – best (bine – mai bine – cel mai bine)

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 CLASIFICAREA ADVERBELOR DUPA INTELES

 De mod, arata cum se desfasoara actiunea (how?)

Ex: fast, hard, slowly, well
 De loc, arata unde se desfasoara actiunea (where?)
Ex: abroad, here, there, somewhere, inside, outside
 De timp, arata cand se desfasoara actiunea (when?)
Ex: after, before, never, daily, today
 De cauza, arata de ce se desfasoara actiunea (why?)
Ex: that’s why, for that reason, consequently, so
 Introductive
Ex: accordingly to, in accordance to, however, in any case
 Interogative
Ex: how, where, why, when
 Explicative
Ex: named, such as, as,
 De cantitate
Ex: about, almost, enough, far, pretty, too, over
 De frecventa, arata de cate ori se intampla actiunea
Ex: always, often, sometimes, never
 Altele
Ex: yes, no, indeed, maybe, perhaps, not

LOCUL ADVERBELOR IN PROPOZITIE

AF + VERB + AM + AL + AT

Ex: I always read quickly the newspaper in the dining room in the morning.
AF V AM AL AT

 Adverbele de frecventa se pun inaintea verbului. In cazul verbului TO BE, adverbele

de frecventa se pun dupa verb. Adverbul “never” fiind negative, se foloseste cu verbul la
afirmativ pentru ca in engleza nu exista doua negatii in aceiasi propozitie.
Ex: He never says something like that = El nu spune niciodata asa ceva.
Adverbele usually si sometimes pot fi puse si la inceputul propozitiei pentru sublinierea
intelesului. Adverbele lately, recently, of late, yet se pun la sfarsitul propozitiei.
Ex: He hasn’t arrived yet = El n-a ajuns inca.
 Adverbele de timp se pun doar la sfarsitul sau la inceputul propozitiei, nu se
intercaleaza.
Ex: I eat a sandwich every morning. Every morning I eat a sandwich.

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 EXPRIMAREA PREFERINTEI

THINGS WE LIKE TO DO:

I like
I love + VERB + ing
I enjoy
I’m fond of

Ex: I like cooking fish. I’m fond of fishing. He enjoys eating sweets. You love singing.

THINGS WE DON’T LIKE TO DO:

I don’t like = I dislike

I hate
I’m not fond of + VERB + ing
I don’t enjoy

Ex: I dislike cooking fish. He hates singing. You aren’t fond of eating sweets.

Alte expresii uzuale

 I’m keen on…= sunt mort dupa….

 There’s nothing I like more than…= nimic nu-mi place mai mult ca…
 There’s nothing I like less than…= nimic nu-mi place mai putin ca…
 I’m over the moon about…= ma dau peste cap dupa…
 I’m afraid I don’t like…= ma tem ca nu-mi place sa…
 I’ve never liked…= niciodata nu mi-a placut…
 It is not one of my favorite…= nu se numara printre favoritele mele
 I think is awful (unpleasant)…= cred ca e neplacut…
 I can’t bear (stand) = nu pot suporta…
 I must say I’m not too fond of…= trebuie sa spun ca nu sunt prea incantat de…
 What do you feel about…? = ce parere ai despre?
 How do you see…? = cum consideri…?
 How would you react to…? = cum ai reactiona la….?
 From my point of view…= din punctul meu de vedere
 As far as I’m concerned…= in ceea ce ma priveste
 Well, to my mind…= ei bine, dupa parerea mea…
 I’d just like to say…= as vrea doar sa spun ca…

EXPRESII – PARTICULARITATI

 WOULD RATHER + VERB (infinitive)

Se poate exprima preferinta si cu aceasta constructie.
Ex: I would (I’d) rather leave than stay and be bored = As prefera sa plec decat sa raman sis a
ma plictisesc
 WOULD RATHER + VERB (la trecut)
Constructia exprima o cerinta.

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Ex: I would (I’d) rather you didn’t smoke if you don’t mind = As prefera san u fumezi, daca nu
te deranjeaza
 HAD BETTER + VERB (infinitive)
Constructia exprima un avertisment sau un sfat.
Ex: You’d better slow down; the police is behind you! = Mai bine ai incetini, politistii sunt in
spatele tau!
 IT IS BETTER + VERB (infinitive)
Constructia exprima un sfat si se traduce impersonal.
Ex: It is better to work harder if you want to succeed! = E mai bine (e de preferat) sa se
munceasca mai mult daca vrei sa reusesti!

INVITATIA – EXPRESII UZUALE

I) Making an invitation:

 Would you like to…= ati vrea sa…?

 We should be very pleased if you could…= am fi f incantati daca ati putea sa…
 You are cordially invited to attend the reception! = primiti invitatia noastra
cordiala de a participa la receptie!

II) Accepting an invitation

 Thank you, I’d like to…= multumesc, mi-ar place sa…

 I won’t say so! = n-am sa refuz!
 Great! Lovely! Smashing! = grozav, incantator, teribil…
 With the greatest pleasure…= cu cea mai mare placere…
 Most kind of you…= foarte dragut din partea ta…

III) Declining an invitation

 I’m terribly sorry, I don’t think I can… = imi pare rau darn u cred ca pot…
 Sorry, I can’t but thanks anyway…= imi pare rau, nu pot dar multumesc oricum…
 I wish I could but I’m afraid I can’t…= as vrea sa pot dar ma tem ca nu…

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 APLICATII – INVITATIA / EXPRIMAREA PREFERINTEI

- Hello, Mike! I didn't expect to meet you here!

- Well, well, well….George! I haven't seen you for ages!
- How are you? How are they, all at home?
- Everybody is quite well! What about you?
- Pretty well, thanks!
- We are always at home on Sundays! You'll come and have dinner with us, won't you?
- Thanks a lot! I'd be very pleased to see you….all of you! But you are sure I'm not in the
way?!
- Come on! You are a special guest! Next Sunday, don't forget!
- OK! But I'll ring up first!
- See you on Sunday! Bye!
- I'm looking forward to meet you! Have a nice time!

- Diana, what would you say to see a film tonight?

- I regret very much that a prior engagement stands in the way! So, I'm not able to accept
your kind invitation…
- Come on! Tomorrow evening may be….
- I'm terribly sorry! I'd be very pleased to come with you…Unfortunately my time is taken
up!
- Do you like fishing?
- Oh, there's nothing I like less than fishing! But you?
- There's nothing I like more than fishing!
- Well, to my mind, we can't fun together! Find another partner…

- Do you like music?

- I have always liked listening to music! It's a lovely way to pass the time….What about
you?
- It is one of my favorite pastimes!
- Do you like classical music?
- I rather dislike…But I'm over the moon about latino music!
- It is not one of my favorite! But I like very much MODERN TALKING!
- I must say I'm not too fond of them!
- I know, I know…You are very keen on Thalia!
- I'd just like to say she's a lovely woman with a nice voice!
- From my point of view, I'd like to keep the woman without the voice!

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- Oh, shame on you!
- No, no, no…ask the men!`
RECAPITULARE – ADJECTIVE + ADVERBE

Complete these sentences using the comparative form of the adjectives and
adverbes:

1. This jacket is too small. You need a ……………………….size.

2. You look ……………………. Have you lost weight?
3. He’s not so keen on his studies. He’s ………………………….in having good
time.
4. You’ll find your way around the town…………………………if you have a
map.
5. You’re making too much noise. Can you be a bit……………………….?
6. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ……………………….than
usual.
7. You’re late. I expected you to be here……………………………..
8. You hardly ever write to me. Why don’t you write a
bit…………………………..?
9. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be
much…………………………
10.It’s a pity you live so far away. I wish you
lived……………………………………
11.Sorry I’m late. It took me ………………………to get there than I expected.
12.My toothache is…………………..than it was yesterday.
13.She looks about 20 but in fact she’s much…………………….than she looks.
14.The problem is not so complicated. It’s ……………………………than you
think.
15.Your English has improved. You speak a lot …………………than you did
last time.
16.It’s a little………………….today than it was yesterday.
17.You’re driving too fast. Can you drive a bit……………………….?
18.I prefer this armchair. It’s much …………………………..……than the other
one!
19.You looked depressed this morning but you look a
bit……………………….now!
20.This flat is too small for me. I need something
much…………………………….
21.It’s a lot ………………….to learn a foreign language in the country where
it’s spoken
22.Ann works……………………..than most of her friends
23.The exam was…………………….than we expected.

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24.Could you speak a bit………………………………..?
25.Her illness was far…………………………………than we at first thought!
Aplicatii – adjective + adverbe

1. Paul este amabil

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Va rugam frumos sa raspundeti cat mai repede posibil.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. El este o persoana sensibila.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Ea a luat hotararea cu intelepciune.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Ma duc direct acasa, sunt obosit.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. Cel mai scurt drum este linia dreapta

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. E cale lunga pana la Bucuresti!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. La multi ani (sa traiesti mult) !

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Este un document legal, nu-ti face griji!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. Ea este cinstita, intotdeauna actioneaza legal!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Este o intalnire interesanta, avem sala plina!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. Oaspetii au renuntat complet la programul turistic

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Lucrez din greu zilnic

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Abia daca ii cunosc.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Ea este destul de buna la matematica.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

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16. El joaca corect!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. El nu poate privi astazi la TV, este pe drept pedepsit!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Doar ce-am intrat!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

19. Tom este cinstit. El lucreaza "curat"!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

20. Grabeste-te, ai un tren matinal!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

21. Trebuie sa te trezesti devreme in fiecare dimineata

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

22. Ma voi intoarce maine noapte!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………
23. Folositi scara de serviciu pentru bagajele grele!
……………………………………………………………………………………………………

24. El sta langa mine acum!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

25. Ea aproape ca a lesinat auzindu-ti cuvintele!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

26. Imi place sa calatoresc cu personalul, pot vedea totul!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

27. El este incepator, conduce incet (sofeaza)!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

28. Muncesc mai greu decat Paul dar se merita!

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

29. Ea vorbeste englezeste la fel de bine ca si Dan

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

30. El munceste cel mai greu in departamentul nostru!

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

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