TRANSFORMERI SIMPLE ALE

GAZULUI IDEAL

Def: Transformare in timpul carcia unu

dintre parametric de stare a sistemul
termodinamic ramne constant in timp.

In timple unei transformari simple

cantitatea/ masa de substant use schimba.

④ TRANSFORMAREA IEOTERME
-> transformanca unvigaz care are 102 la
a
temperature constanta,

T=
ct. 0 =
ct.

->
Legea transformatic izoterme

PV =
URT = Pv=c.
↳"I P. v = A
V

Pivi=P8Uf
 D
I P
N N
9
--- -a

t
m -

-
-

!
- ->

I
I
- - I- ->
a

T
- -
- -

I 1 I < V ↑ &T
-

T1 <T2 <Th

Va

---
- -

I
N
- - - -

I I I &T
-

② TRANSFORMAREA IEOBARE
transformarea in timpul carcia
->
presivnea
gazului ramne constant

Pict. W = ct.
 =
veT
F=ct = of
P P
N a

- - -

I
If -

- If
I
I I
-

I
I I
I
I
I
-
I I
I
I
I I
I
I I S
&V S I S
&T
-
-

ar
-

T--if
I
I
&

I
I
P3<Pz<PI
I
- I

I
I

I I I ~T
-
 ③ TRANSFORMAREA IEOCORA

Def: Transformarea be care a surfer angaz saw un sis-

ten termodinamic,in timple carcia volumuramne constant

v = ct. 0 =c

PrT
#F i I
ct =>
= =

P P
A M

-- - -
-

- - - - -

I I
SV - T
-

V
M

-
I
P
I

I I
-
I
I
I
I
-
I
I
I
I

I I I & T
 1 3. 10,2022
Tem

72 P

a
m=o4g 02
2

#=328o
Ve =10L

A =
1270 - 1, 3

vz
A
·
=

2V1 =
20h I
A I SV
99 Ve Ve

a) 0
H m m
=
= = N =

M
2
23
# =
6,023. 10
Mea ·

S4@
mox

③
mo
23
N =
12,048. 10 molec

b) +2=?

Tn=124+243=400K

p. V =
ORT,
79.
P
2-3:
transf. izoterma M

pn
=
10
3h Pz-
I

Ve =Adm
↑ st=c
T 300K
=

p2-3p1-3's if Po 2 ·
3

1
③
a) 1-2-transf. tocor
3-e-tauf. izobar
b)
st2:p2 =3p =3.103A
m2
2432 P
N
3
↳ 2

M 329
=
|

Pe-2.10*Pa v a

in =21°C =
300K

1-2-3-1

Ve =
VI ' s V

Pe= 3 Pl

If

=?
b)
I
I =

I Ve -PV3fVl vz-ore

PUe= URTO

PzVz =
URT2

#. ILtREYE-FR
E gf =
=
==
c) Te =

f
m
a stnottoan Va

&
:
C

bloga
d) be=
PEM I
=

Sa =

0,83K 5: 82,83133
 PRINCIPILE TERMODINAMIC11
2

CALORIMETRIA
->
este domenical find care be ocupach Studia Schimbului
de caldura distre corpuri

gases preponderent in
->
corpurile se 3 stari de agregate:

↓
vMAREARE *
SOLlD

To
.1s I

GAZ
*HID

->
N a
pp
CONDENSARE

VAPORIZARE

->
ta
vaporizare ->
suprafata lichidulai EVAPORARE
=

->
in that masa Lichidulue = FERBERE
-> desublimare -

zapada artificiala
-> sublimare-natalina, sapuncer
-> fierbere
vaporizare prin
-

socidificare prin racive/inghetare

-> -

->
topire-topirea materialelor (plantic/fierlstida)
 PRINCIPIILE CALORIMETRIEL

deficienti calorici

1) Capacitatea calorica - caldura necesar unvi

corp pentre as modifica temperature an
ungrad.

c-f 9 -

caldure

[C] = T DT =

77-Ti (K)

2) Caldura molar caldura necesar unvi

-

mol de
substant pentru agsi modifica tempera-
turn an ungrad.

molara izobara
co =

T
=
ep-caldera
Cr-cadura moral izocore
[C]s..." mok Cp=C+R -Rel. Robert-Mayer

gaz monoatomic biatomic gaz poriatomic

gaz
cv =
=R Cv =

ER C =
GR

Cp
Cp= =R UR
=

cp-ER
 C
3 calderaspecificonecould
evanecesaraunaited
o

Q m.eDT
e=ft
-

Lelsi-E.K
4) Caldura latent 1 =
caldura necesar unvi
kg. substant pentru a-sschimba
de stared de

agregare.

Xt 2s x
=
=

Xu =
xC
1.
T
5) Puterea calorica
&

[3],TE
a
9=

·
Cadura latent, in process complementare
(s++,+>s) accesi
&

are
pentru o substanta.
valuate
A. PRINUPIUL O

-> In timpur schimbari stari as

agregare a
unvi corp, temperature acestuia husemodifica;
intreage caldura cedat/absorbit de centre corp
este folosita doar schimbarea stari
pentru de
agregate,
respective, structuri
a
Corpurni.

2. PRINCIPIUL FUNDAMENTAL AL CALORIMETRIE I

-> intr-un
sistem termodinamic ce contine corpuri
calde sreci, Caldura cedat de citrecorpurile calde
este egal or caldura primit de catre corpurile reci

·
mai mute corpuriaffate in staride incaptive
diferite schimb cldur pain cond ajung (a echilibe
termine.

3
Rabs S0

Rabs= 1 Rcea 1 prin conventie

Qced LO

3.PRINCIPIUL TRANEITIVITATII
ECHILIBRULUITERM IC

TA =
TB
1)
X
Te
 "If
Mer te = m c. DT

me=ume +z =
3th Q= mi C(8-t)

my =2me tthth Q2=mr.0.8-ta)

Mu Smr th It me (-3te)
= -
=

- Pu = 2M). 2C1 (8-4t.)

Q Qu 3m, -3c.(8-)
=

i
Q
primit= Q, + Qu
>
ate
-

31.
Qs, cedot= Qut Qu
-Re
--------

Qu tQu=1Qztz/
"
and
: I

miCCO-tl+9m 3C
(8-)=1hmu C-3t)+Smisa (8-2te) /
 20. 10. 2022

3/AF
·toC
M =
G a

-
3 3
v =
50L =
10 M

H = 15"
H- Q cedat
↳z =
100
A - z
-> >

+= 23"C
tz- Q primit
= 10kt &

I
Mr=? 19ceal =
& primit
II

Ime-capta.H-+) 1= Imrica (Hte) (

mr=mtf
=>

me= V= if
Utc = 2.v=15:18°m3 me = 15.481=15Kog

mr=30=130k A: Capitolul 1.3.

MAG
to = 0"C
C
30°C
+f
=

2220-

H = 509
n100......

12

m
=

=
1
1500
"
g I

O a

S
M

13
D

30
-> t9d

c.m. At
a=mt 4 =
=

*z = 10 "e

e.
C13
& ct)= ot +le

3
10) = 4220
a 0 +h=4220
=

(90) 4100
-b
& =

=
4220

&Bot b=4180

a 30-
 27. 10, 2022

PROBLEME CALORIMETRIE

6/17
car=10201 a) c =
G a
=> =
c. m. At
kg.K m. At
&
=1020.8, 1. 4
m
100g
=

= 308 I

At=20% bt=200-Athe

,
+= 2 h

b) a
ona an
e
=
&

a) te=2h

2 -
? an =

too-wop=eolog
b) y =
20% 100

m?
E=? 2) Qn =

Em=oh
c) m=?
=who =
810g

2/AC He =?

Mz= 2me 92-Rced Qr+9 =1az)

&z =
4 Cr
mec(t-te) + 2mate=1mzca (Hotz) (
te 2+1
=

Q -
2mecte
mexlt-te+2t) =
2 Mxnex (etr-H
=>
+-t +2+2 =
8 (2te++)

H- tet zt =
16th -
8t

H -tat et -16th +8t =

0

9-15t =
0 D9t=1371
=

=+=
lte =

I
5/7
v 316, 6
= a) pV
=
URTn
=n
p.V=urRT
103) 0-
=

An = 100°
= Mill
Map"12.10Kg
mor
R. Tr

tz=20'2
+3 =
30°
-

m.=1b,
318.1520 is

capa= 72001 b) (Qudat) & primit

=

koyK
I
mealtete) + mica (to-tz) = 0
a)
vaporit?
m

retes
=> m =

b) map?

2) R =
? m
=
-50)
So-20
 m=b30-308
e) &
primit-1Quoat) =
mea (tenty)
a
=>
=
300.4200.30-13KF

7177 as a mea Ctrl + MY

=

10 Pa =m [eaCturt + Xr]
po=
m
=

80g a 0.02
=> =

(4200-20 +2, 23]

t
= 2002=295K QE

tv =
100°c=373K
b) Av =
UR Tu
At
=
30°

VET
=v =
muTu
ca- 4200 M-po
KegK
v=or831373 00Bhm e
=>

x
2,23]
=

34 L
-

Mor-18.10 kg Pf=poer tpv=poer+Po

mol
3
Tizocor
to par
=

a) a =
?
=
b) v
3,pf =? poer-rate
=
 poer
BEE=1127.104 a
=>

183 105 (1,27+1)-2,27.109 Pa

PF= 1127.103+
=

8
Kz

I
a) a
mgrg (t) +mg 4g+mgetat
=

mg=100g
to=-10°C mg Ar

po
=
10*Pa a
=> =

my (eg (A) +
xy +eata+ xv7
a =
01/2100 +333+ 4200.100+ 2,28
K
to
2100
= =>

reg
Q0.1
-

(21.103 + 333+42.104+2.23)
Ng =355KT
kg R= -

ca= 42001
lo) y
k9K
for
=

Xa=2.23 Mz

I
K Re-m.g+ y =
on
=

mef
a) @ ?
m=Ozis
= =>

b) me=?
60%.
m 1g=13001]
=

kg
9
172

↑
c=200%] ROJT =GtOrzo,
a)
t

mg-400g me f.mal
tg=-10'C men=Cef) mar
me=2kg e T
=
mEnCEnDT
mal AT
= 60°C
*

I
+ -fmaeCza]
Aecu
on =395

=maen+A-fics
mar T

is
can
=399 FK
feee
=
+
(eff) recon

f =
60%
= 30.393 +
11-60) 399
eg=21007
kg.K car=396,6k
=

↑
o =G34 LE
g
I

a) cal-?

emgz?
 "CO2

PRINCIPIUL I AL TERMODINAMIC11

ENERGIA INTERNA IUI

-> marine fizica de stare (f.d.s.)

G marime fizica carenudepinde de tipul procesula; care are loc,

↳i doar de stared initial sistarea final intre care evolveaza
sistemcl.

W 0. Cr. T temperature (K)

=
->

S
antitated de
L Cldura molar

substant(mor)
a v=c
/m)
T
a

(2)
9 B * UAB =
Uen (Ty-TA)

ana S cas)
* UAB (2)(3)(41(3): 0Cv (TB
-

TA)

"A
I
-V

cv=1R
C2
Cv=3-gazmonoatomic -3R-gazpoliatomic

Cv
=R -gaz bioatomic
=
 LUCRUL MECANIC

->
marine fizica de proces

IZOBAR

s) to) to
= Ed. S
S

s)
P
I
"oi)
=

to =

1= P/DV)
(/))
#

P
a

"if" <> v
v Ve

·Din (efectual in timpur

punet de vedere
gratics
unei transformri termodinamice sepoate calcula
can
find aria
cuprins
intre
gratical transforman
rie Saxa volumelor in representarea
grafica
a transformarci in ordenate (P, V)
Pn Pa
2

↑ T=
at
I

I
sV -V

Lizoc = O P Un =

Pf Uf

If =

Ef
Lizot=PRTem
f = URTem
if
L=vSVtp(v) dv

TRANSFORMAREA LINIARE PRIN O

P N

pa------

ffissi
a
·

Isz PVz MU
=

Le-z =
P.+42)(V2-vi)
 L1-z =
(Pe+P2)(V2-v.)
Le--PrVz-PeUnPeVz-PaVe=PaVe-PeVez
2 2

=URTa-URTe = Liniar=0 (T2-Ti)

2

CALDURA (Q)

PRINCIPIUL I AL TERMODINAMI 91I

in orice transformare termodinamic, cl-

schimbat de cite in
dura
gaz timpur trans-
formani est suma dentre lucral mecanic
efc-
that
sivariatic energies interne

4 =
(+ DU -
variatic energies
↓ L
&

interne

cadura (1) (acrul

mecanic
(f)
9 depinde de
tipul procesulvi termo-
-

dinamic ce are loa.

Prin conventia de same:

a >0-coldura primita
a co-caldura eedat

↳Co-lueru mecanic
primit
Lso-werul mecanic redat

TRANSFORMAREA ADIABATICE
- Este transformared suferita de ctre un
r
gaz
in
timpul careia acesta no schimba coldur u

medial exterior

v=
↳ &

adiabatic
exponent
 TRANSF. LEGEA REPREZ. a =
L t AU
P
PRTlx vf
T ct. N

PRTOmet=
=

izoterma Vi
A p.v=ct. O
- Y URText i
URTIn
P
N
P= ct
UCp(Tf-Ti) p-DV ORTCTfT) 0er)Tf-Ti)
- =

izobara
2. t ct
=

p.gV=PATAT UCUST
T * V UCPDT
P
N
v= ct

3. izocora I =
at OCuCTf-Ti) O
0er(Tf-Ti)
oU
T OCUDT UCUDT

nP
4
liniarp=c ↓ (R+CuIDT OE (Tf-Ti) UCv(Tf-Ti)
prin v I

origine 9V
I

5. adiabat
orEctoEs
v to
=
O OCUCTi-Tf)
UCu AT-
Ocr(Tf-Ti)
 31022
17
/re

Stareo A Start b)
Ia
2

DO, 2Vo
epo, Vo
& I

P
H) po2Vo=URTh
N
12) 2pc Vo =
UR Ta

Irisis
1 =T Th
==
=

vios - SE
#
GESESC
PEACEEAST
TZOTERME
I
sV
O
Vo 15V02Vo

e) sWez=We-Ur =
Uen (T2 t) =
0

was
=
a)
it - S
-
1, A5
=
#

T
E

Lung =
(,340 + 40) (1,500 -2Vo)
2

Luz
=2,340-70500) POVo
=> = -
 23.2= (240 + 1,540) (vord,500)
2

=(3-2 = 3,340
(70300) =
-FEPOV
21/43

visisis
0 =
2 movi

ev
ER
=

Tn =
300K

O g
I >V

b) Uc ? = ↳ V,

a) D Vnis =? a) PWx= URT1

d) ?
eeVOR27-300K
L =

b) 2-3 >T-izoterma =
U
Ducis
UB = New Th

ve
=2.E.23.800
=25K J
e) A Unit Per (T2-Th)

A 500 123K
Wrist12.1.3.
=

d) 1 Lizthais
12ky
=
=

Lez=pe(Vz-V) =

peY=URTh

22-28,300 300
Lacs-ORThenwee
1 44.2022
.

Tem
-

16/41

gaz biatomic gaz biatomic

cp =ER
=>

P1=2.10*Pa
Un =
XL
ev=R
p
P2=6.10*Pa
vz =
4(
Pax
up
- - -

Aria
a) representare

b)
grafica
I2=3
-// " N -V
0
Ve Vz
b

meviEURRE EY=EYPsiqh ETF12 = ThERT

9)Vera =?

P.V=ORTH => Te
tr
=

v =
VevT

Un
=
0. CV.Th Tn =

e-10 in a

Uz 0. CV. Th
=

* Unz =
Ua-Un = 0evTa-PCVTz =
0ev (T2-Tn)
0Cv
-

(12TTTn) =
PCV9Tn = 0
ER. MITa

d) L=?

↳gaz-Aria trapert=Pp DV
·

21
/ 42

gaz monoatomic
Va
Fa =1

-
Pmax=8pn
Tn =300K
I

b) Unz=?
&T
2)I total =?
a)
aR

-- &
3
42

I
↑

P- SV

= izocor
WM
Transf. 12:
a

Transf. 2-3:izobara

b) Un-3 =
U3-Un =
Vevts-Vev Tn =
Vev (T3 -Tn)

Tb =

= t Us N
=> -

Pmax-pa

233 -
transf.izobar 3 *
P2=P3 =

pmax =Opn

PaVa=PRTs Th
FEVs RUVa
=> =

=
32
 C) Lavary" (1-2 + ha-b pe/Vy-v2) Opa (UVa-va)
= =

=<4paVn=2hURTn
I

60K7
=

8. M4. 2022
-

27/h3
monoatomic PM G
gaz

#
S
vz
wr
=

Un = 1<
=
10' Pa
on

C==R
T
sy
a)
Is=? a) Th -2: izobar=>pn =
P2

c) A Uae
T3-4:Z0bar=p3-ph
a)
a) Pivn=paVy=paVa
the a
2-3-liniard P2
=
=
Is
T2
1)

#= y
=
p4 =2

PavezPaVa=PaVa
18/hd
0 =2moli a) DV =?
gaz monoatomie
Ua-Un = Vev (TerTa)
pu=2,31-105P -
T=

U
300K
a
=
0 ER (T2-T1)
↳
T = av- by

E/URTe-URTn)
"TI
-

a= 3,6.10 mom
new
Para Pare
b
103
=

URT2= paVe
Ve= mVa
- URTa =
PaVn
n

VETh DI300 610 e

Un =
Un
> -

Va =
2Va =12L ↑

reprezentare
T2=a Vr-bue? (TN)

Tz = 3,8.107.12.153-0.142. M-320k
AU
= CURT2 pava)
=
-

<V =

8.(2.0131 328 -221.103.510)

F
xv =
3,700
Pa

~V

T =
ar-bVG

pr=URT
#rav-brt 1: VF0
UR

p=(a.UR)-1b.UR). V
i Ut
m-mv
T
a

Tz-----

Tn----
Fi I

·
I
↑ I

I I

·
·- ↓
Va
P

Va
> V

prea Wa

9.44. 2022

36/44

outsubpar.·
I
3 2
S

vz "Va
= =
16(

Tn =
T3 o

On E
0,S L * 1-33-4-iz0 terma
9

S
2-3-izocor
x-a-izocor
*

Tn =
Th ↑
 Pa
a)

->
I ↑

2
~

&
"I
P
=> ↑

A
↑ *

D ~ V
O
Va
vs

10.49. 2022

29/43
P
M

Cv=ER A 2

pa
= 2.10*Pa
Va = 2L

pe=3pn or
vz =
2Vn
1) B
I

&V
v
I

V2
a) Lazot n-2

L p.
=

AV

La izocor DL1
= 0
=

Lz =
p2.V,
=
3.2.105.2.107=12.102

wa
= n.10 =
12.102

V,)
Ln
V2
= -
-
2

Ln .Ve
=

- z

4-2
k10-3
=

(n-2
800j
=

b) Un- A -
z
P2vBT
= =

zRO(Tc
-

T
=>
(zVa -PrVn)
=
(6.105.4.10-3 2.03.2.10-3) -

:(24.102 4.(07) 102

-

E40.10
=
3000]
 14. 11, 2022
~

Tema
-

30/he

fi..i
a)
I3=?

do
Te-3:T.izobar

p=ct
=>

=c
T

Ea=>=P1= YP
ve
ux
=> =

PR Un=ORTe Us 4Vn
3 4
=> = =
=

Is
·

I I= F => =

b)
t3=?
te=wvTe =
I
e

up/ v3 VRT3
I3=16 136
· =

=> =

py. Un =
VRTh
e)
L23 sp2 1ap. Vn =
*

1x23= Lea + (23 =

P2 (Ve-Un)=4pc.(4Un-Ua)
4pr.3Vn-12pr Va
-

Law
=pVs
-vn)
(P3un =

=pr
n

d) Lize-Ls
Teper-Spiva=Epea
=

Su =4.3 per

39/5
To
=
16Ta

Pr
2-3-izobar

I
3

" 4-1izobarz

2-4 :zoterm

"
>
TG
a) Un

P
A
-
Tethe
-

14

TB
f - T

&

2
& 3
↑----

M &

I
< Y
P-- '
& w
↓ p
VB
b) pIVn=ORTH

paVz=ORTa
<>
PaVn=ORTe

p3Vz=PRTy <=
paVz=PRI6T
puvn=URTY <
pIVg PRTa
=

(). (3) =

(p1va) paVy) =RT1)(URI6T1)

M/ns
pr=10°Pa
P

·Li Boattrees
a
v =
12

Py - - - - - -
-3 -

a)
Tos=?
in
v ↓e ep
spe
us vevts
=1
=

Un =
0CvTn

pastWIs n 2x =

=3
b) PLVn=URTY pneVn=URTH
PaVz=0RT2 =
2p12Vx=URT2

EleVm
Tz=Le
=z 4 =
= =

=ct==u =
P4=RM-Rex
W&Pe
e) Lez3= (12 +123 =

PCU3-vn)
=

cpl.v =
IV=3pIVn=3.108.1
=300
f

13. 19, 2022

48/nG
P
N
Pr=4.105 to d

Va 2L

I ject
=

10
- &
PS =
Me
2
vs = 4 L
& P -
U "S
3
- 8
a) Umax=?

Ov==R
v
VerT=EpUtPVn=ENV
=

v=
=>

8.
S
1181.1s=12007
Umax =
Un =
Vev
P. Un=URTn = Tn =
IWM
UR

b) -V
Laus=Lanthns
4)Us
=

Revs2.10 va
= -

⑦
= 3.1810-300 f
 45
/NG
N

Cr==R
10 Pa S
Po
=

"
3p0
- ↳·
We =
1 L 2
S 3
2 Po
= --

vz =
3V4 =3L
Po
->
T S

S a

-
-

I
S
wh 3 in

Lazu
a) =
Lea + Lel

po,v,-3Un) #3va-vn)
-

+382Nx=-2poVn+3pov PoVn
epoVa
-- =

Laz3= 103.103=1007

b) Lleons =
Lies +ystlus + 136
+2 /eva-Un) +3p0/r-3va)
polun-svn trs
poUn
=

4
=

povn
-

po Vn-3poUn -6poVn

Mpo Vo
--
 e)
DUnz"UE prTa "VERTn
=E (povn -spovn) ==(-2poin)
3p0v0 -300]
= -
=

9)
ts =

oft
To =

zspVS=EVs AR OUS For" ="

Tema
-

43/4G
P
p/=10Pa
n

po= 3.10*Pa

---
p3
=
4.10°Pa E

!
to
- T
va-V =
20L

!i
X-2:iZ0bar

3-4: iZobara
P
fi I E

ne
=

s
A

I
a) Vo, dac Va-4L

Un = 41= Ve =
24L

#= to Vo =

FP 7 vo =

I31-12103m
b) Lenzel =
?
Lubal=Acoz-aouso
-P1) -
43-Po)
&

Ato-a
civil
Perio
2
b
=*Vz-val
a C a
a c =

Nc-va) (40-4 (73 -Po)

No P1)
-

2= 20.103 (3.105-109) -

520183.
1o
3.105-103

=201052103 teojote
=1300m3
=1=15007

1ozND403
Th
↳
*
=

Vy-Ve
vn-Vz=Pv2
=>

-vn)
 e) W2=
Loubo
loz =

th
to
of
d) Unz=?
v =
vevTe-T) =
yer (pre-pini
epy/va-n 8. 103.24153-3000 y
=
=

PerazURTH =>
T
fv
=

paVz=URTz T2
=
e
fer
=

44/nC
P
pr-ph=3po=3.188Pa a

ifi.
Pr=2po=21044a
vo = /L
-

a) ps=?
* 1es UX 245
I
A
p3
-> ->
<

ve-ve
P1-4C
I > V
I avo
-----

Pa-P3 4 Vo
VI Ve Va
2pocos
y

-box
=188 Pa
2po=3po-P3=Ps=Po
b) Lazy 1 =
?

LassI=Aras/Vz-va vo
- Vo
No

(12s1 =

100 =
30y

e) Lausa
ceusz=LVy-Uz) CNN
o
=
=

= 2 PoVo
"
Lausz=2.103.10 =

200z

d) (13431= (1231 Leuse

=30-200
1507
-
 FERICIT!
-

CRACLUN

M T

L -
 16. 11. 2022

16/49
VevT
v=16,621 U
EORT EPU
= =
=

p
=
105Pa

Me-32 DUTORT
Cv
z2R
-

Mn2g
=

mor

3
103.8,31.5
-

=v
x3.105.16,62-16 41537
= =
=

b) AT =
100K

t 270e
=
=
300K = Tw = 400K

3
NU =
UC NT
0 DUEP. CU.AT
=>

=
N
RT

z.DT
Dv
=

-
1.10
xv =

AU
13857
=

2) privit =DU
a
13357
=

IT. izo coral

 ·

27151 P
a

·ota
8 E
=

-iasst
Th = 250K

P
A

ot 3
b
Mz = -
9

" V,
SV

b) Ua =
? PaVa=URT2
v =
VCv Te T2 =
DVe

=tcTz 742= TODOCT

=
=

Te =
300K

v 1.2,31,300
=32507
=

2
e) Lac =?
Lay =
Ny Un). GPh
-

La3=Un. &P1=Vate
S
2ey=2077,38
2- 3:izobar -
Iact a to =

vetToL e

a) Qrzz=Lze+Utas-Les+
Were
New (T3-T1)

-2022
17/99
VIVAT (T. izocoral

I
0-5moli N x =

ta=2102=300K DT=&

-2OAEST TarTeot T
Tr
=cFES
To + 300 = 466,K
 18/ng

I
v =
L t. iZocor

0 =2 moli
a) peV=UR Te
+= 2102 = 300K

Pa=3p1
Pe=URTe
-

I
-

a)pr=? to
b)a ? =
presl 30

deo? RIE24198-103 ae
b)@= VCUDT

=ct =1
*
=

F
Ta-PMBiT =
5T

a =

VER. 2Te
Bo
a
25.23.
=
2.

⑪= 258.100 =
23.1037=23K7
19/n9
0-4ma t. izocor-vest,
9 az biatomie I=c
a) 1 =
0 - DV =
R
#= 209 Mol =
VCVDT
+a = 2102
+max-1t1 =ER.RT15RTa
#zeR 3.85. B00 12,34
I
=
=

Qp =? 3) 0 M =m O
= =
b) m 0 =

eg-? Am-mi-m=M.Un-m. Ver

S
-

DiveURT-Ottoire
1 (on-Vz) M(EV-feL)
- =

=
M. f-12 =
0

#
20149

3
I
wasMostone
v 8,31L
=

heliu
M1 1.09
=

Ye =
0,6 mol de 02
T1 =
Te T= =
300K

More
b)pn
m He
the 2
=
in

C)
Namestec=?
·
BTEva- pill
PRT va
VRT
=

pre
= =

V =
Vn +Vz

+ Y T) TE
v =

BT =

p T(m V)
=> =

=>

t300(6
p
=

+016)
1. 10-3
3.10*Pa
p
=
2) Mamestec
-Me-EM
t016.32 at
- = 2018

d)a a +Qz =
=
V,Cv(Te Ta) -

+ PaCvITe-Th)

M.M(Te Ti) Vz-ER(Te T)

-

-
+ -

(Tz
Tn)N((.z V2+)
-

22. 11. 2022

15149

·m P.S
k.ts
=

.
=

p
:.
1 si
h
-
ct.
=

=FO P
E
* =

k.X A:
pS 31,32/52
=

v x 5 =) X
=
= V
s
 Jeroi

34192
Ve T

iti
=
2Vn

v3 4V2
=

a)5 =
4
b)
t =3
Cu2 y =

A UNB

va vo
a)
travs 1-2: itocor
trow 2-3: irotermo

a12 Q23
=

Q1c UCp(T2 Tn)

= -

3
v =
p
av = Ven =Cv+R = (v =
v -
A
Cp ev + R
=

Cp
FR
=

Qua 0B(Tz
=
-

Tn)
vRRDiva)
=
=

xRx .Pava =

p.V=URTa* Tn =ma
UR

PaVa= UNTe =>

Ta
=Pz=PaN
UR UR

v/v enn
Q2o VRTalnk =

Va

Prava.lnx upeValue
=
=

Q1 =
Q23=5 4valve =

5 -
a

*
vv 1(4tn2)
=

v 4ln2
YE
=
. .
=
V =
1156
=

42x2 -
M

b) (1a (vz
=

vn)pn vapr
=

Les =
Q23
=

4Unprlne
I Yiemewe=

noF =
0,36

C) DUra=PCvITe-Tr)
A U13 OCr(Ty Ta)
= -

Ty =
T2

=TheTe
selscomic P

I rt
-

pe
pn
= 2.10* Pa

Un =
5L

ve etva
= P2

ex2.74
p -V
VA ve
b)AU13 =
?
AV1y V(v(Ts Tn) 0zR( T)
= -

I
= -

URTy * Ty
poVs
Pov3 Pooh
=
=
=

paVa=PRTa=Tr tra
=

UR

( 3
2-3: izobar = T3
EVs
= =

Ea
To =
=
ev

VERTi(eE-n) =-

Ezpiva)
AW13 3.0186
3,2105.5.10
-
2.16K]
-
= = -

prVa=ORTr=Th =

x(1y 212 +223 =

 Le=
PRTn pivalmee a
=
-
priva

Lay p(va va)

= -
=
UR(Ts Ta) - -
= VRTr)x- )
PiVaee
=-

Ly3 =
2
N
piva-pivat =
prvn(e-)
L1y 11367
=

23. M.2022
P
N
1. biatomic
gaz
a-2-3-A

Cv 2,5R
=

P =105 Pa
va=

a)ΔU23 =)
20am3

doest
sv
b)Q12b ? =

va a'va
x)L ?
1
=

a) AW2y =
0Cv(To Ta) -

peVa=ORT2 =
Th
Oer2 4
=
=
 AVay = U2,5R(T3 Te) -

paVy=URTy Ty
Pvc hva
= x =

Awas=2.5
U.CeprVa
2.5.2(p12va pva) 15prva
-
= =

Away =

15.105.20.10-3=300.10730,000.
b) Q123 =
Q12 + Q2

Q1a 0Cv(Tz
=
-
Tn) vCvtprva)
=

PR

Qa3
UCp(To T2)
=
-

OCpCo2prVa)
=

PR

prVatORTa=Ta=Pa
OR

OurEOER.oovateenouva
+023
are 47
Epava+elprvn
=

piva
=

=
2510
2350747k7
=
CL 12 + 22x + L3)
=

Le 0 =

3
3V1.2pr 6.105.20 12.103]
-

123 =
=
-
-

Ly1
3b0 90.10 9.1037
=
=
=-

L 12.103 9.103 3.1037

= -
=

d)Q3 (x)
=
+ A(z) =
-

9.103+

a)v
I
mx.+ =
=

T a)v
14,79L
m xM =
=

v= =

m
g0g
=

10Pa
p M 0.00 0.03
= =

t 2A02
=
al =

3.10" Pa
Ap
=

piva=ORTa =>U=prVa -

RTA
a)u 3=

3
v
b)fi =2 4.79
-

=
10 -

3
=

8,31.300
c)T' =3
d)m =
? x(i i =

=5099.10-3 =112
I. 3) DU12y =
DUla +AU23

AUle=0CvDT
8131--200K
=

24. M. LOCC

ORT.
3E p,Vi
=
n
=

pfVf=PRTc
= 0
0,04.10 =

508*
if 00 A50K
=

Ti =
300K =

P
n)
A ↑

truin

& tmax

o & V

Of Vi
T M
a)
=
-
XA 2
=

VB

L am

416.1823g
=

M 1
=

=
+A 1270C=GOOK
S102-1023
=

TB =
300K
1)

b)
The
PAYA= PARTA

PBVB =
ORTB

A. V=A.
ENMTAB. E
I

FFBEVEMENT I A
i
kxs
B

iitse=
c) TA TB
= = T OA UB

I
pVATUART

risEOBMeM
X= =
- y
=
E
E +X

-x =

+
EX
3(3x 35 = -

n
43x 92

=x9li
=

x 20 M
=

d)UAmelec=PA+VB = M +
A =

NOe MNz
ma m x
= + =
2M

Ma-na n=Mare
= so

m(Moe+Mac)
MOzuNz
Na 29,86
=
 27.11.2022
Tena

VARIANTAI

3
Ia) Ve =UCUT2
V2 =
U3
Us =
0CrTy

P1:
2) 0 =
L+ Av = Av =
a -

L(t)

n)
F N(x)
e =

= =

# 10L a)v
Va
-N V.NA
=
= N=
=

pr
=
2.10 Pa
0 =
V2 =
5L
ll

p2
=
3.10*Pa
wt goiNOI
b) m
= =

t 70C=

M 4,65.10-26
=

a)N ?
=

b)M ? =

Cmn =
?

d)Ma =?
# Cv =
1,9R P
X

Tn=
290K

ln 0,7
=

2p1----..3

·i
a)AV12=y
PI
b)Q3 =
?

2) (total =? -T
In
p
0
2Te 3Tr

a) DU1z=OCvITz -

Ta)

DU12
2.8,31.
=

DeVa=ORT.
CprVa=ORTr

b) 3-4:
transformare iroterm
Qsn
=> =
ORTen Pi
Pf

Q34
3,31.750.0.7.
=

Q34 =
2181.37
VARIANTA I

I UCUDT DV = N.M
1.
F
= =

2. ORT =
pv g PM=N
= =

29. 11. 2022

~
Grile w

3.e
7
=

6. T1 = 100K prV=ct.
=20KPa
pl
prVn=URTr-Va=UAT =BO
0.10 2

P2=shOkPaavaFOREt
41,5

x ?
=

c
= #
vz kva
= kx
=

Pe

Ve 640-
=
41,5.10-3.103
20.105
PU
=t.RT
Pvtct
PS
=

n
-
=
=

PV=ORT EVFRT

T
v045 1
=

v
ORT ct
-
=
= 1 =
ct
,
of af

p. jo
t=c =
n

pl 0.T0 pr.ToE
C
-

p.

o
"(E
1 v
pr.
-

T = c

v
pl = E
-

MattEFEEEEE
 =
->

(H) g6 () =
=

5
E3
=

(5 a =

M2 8N1
=

An dx m 7n 7A
=
-
=
=

23
RT
An
26.00
=
on · T

9,44.1027
Ax 12.04.1023
=
=

an 10.08.1025 =1,008.1046(a)
=

2 decembrie 2022

as biatomic
gaz
Cv =
R
2-3, 41:
transformari izoterme

pn 10% Tn 300K
=
=

me

Vn 20
=
Un =
5l
a.Un 3 = A
↑

2
P------

A
:
I

- sw
I
P P3 -

=
-

T -
- -

-
T ↑ p

Un Vz Vy=

Va
P
A

=
a.v v
p
= =

PV=URT

FEE
EFE EA
I

PE=Pr
-

a) Ve =
OCuTe
Ve U =

PUn =
ORTn =

PeVz =ORTe

z=42
-
 9.12.2022
39157
D
a
&

ct
T
=

3 e 2
SV

Transf. xU 2 Q
n -> 2 O 307 307
2-3 -

15] =

157-307
3-1 157 0 157

0138157
cice

b) AU23 =
PCUAT32

d)v3 =

⑤
x=
Ov

↓23 3
= =
 p
&

T =
=

0
-
-
=
2-v 2 =

Crtrebuie so fiecel
tele on sunt correcte
pation egal on 1.3 5da-

63/38
P
a

3p--7 3

pr
-
& L

↑I
I 9 Y

=2.10?Pa
pr
Va 2L =

a) L,2 =
 68/59
Pa vg = e* Vn

Tr =
300K
2

Pa
-
- -

Lcicu =
0

N
I

Y
D e
Pr
---

↑
I N
3
sV
Vi vs
N
A N2-izocor
-------.3
B 2-3-izoterm
L
3-h-izocor
&

4-1-izobar
I
v,-3x5
2
i
p & T
TN TE
 PA

-
I
-1
# ST
4

b) @ cidu =?

3
Quidu=<cidn+ALcick
-
Qcidu-Ducida
↳cidu = 0
O
=

xT2 3
=

IPe
= Te =
#

P2Va
P3V313 =
=

=P
in TH

M=
 ↳cidu=URTen PRT Tn)
+
-

trantsin =Tn = eTa

0 =
2UNT2 +
URTI (1-e4): UR

of 2Te+ Tn(n -ee

CTe =
Tr(1-eT
Tarra-tr) = n-e2

ta =
To
(EdR ·
T2 =
156.8,4
d) AUra-PCvCTe TTn) 338
=ven.660
5060
=

8,25k7
=
 Transformarca politropo
r =ct, nat
p.
n 8-
=
transform are adiabata

n =
a- izoterna

liniar
n = -
prin origine
V
n 0 = -
izobard

indicele
n
politroper
=

=
n

= ct
pr
Cp 8
= -

n
-
acc -

(p) c(c (v)

= -

2- 2(p
=
32-32
-
c = -

32 -

2ep
-

c=-
3.3- pe
 @=
-3-2.25
-

80/61

p.tl?ct.AU--UCvbT-Q--VCnDT
a) b= ?
M=Cn-Cp_ Cn -
n.eu
b) DU= ?
Cn Cv -

pm-ejm-cn-epf-Q-su-V.AT/cn-Cul--O.ATlnfgjfP--Cv
c) Q= ?

)
=oat(←ⁿTn÷↳)
Atlantis)
=UbT¥ñ
+ i. 81.82.83
 w

Tend
m

81/6N
v= a.TF, a = ct

DV =

1507
a) pV=URT
v a.TVET
=
=

Fa
din () pi(a) pv UR
a
=
D =

pr
=> =

R = ct = pVE c

transformare politropa, =
n 0,5

b)L ?a 3
=
=

L
Ta) 2VR(Tr Tx) 20p(Ta z)(1)
(R(Tn
=
-
-
= - =
-

AV =
0W(Tc -

Th