Sunteți pe pagina 1din 8

        

   ! "#$%#&!'())%(*+


,-. ,/. #0!* ("#$%#&!'())%(*+
1234567286 9: ;973<625 =>?28>2@ ;9582AA B8?C25D?6E@ F6G4>4@ HI JKLMN B=O
P.Q RS. !&T(!$"!U'0%*0 V)(!#W!X$)(!%#&V
P.YZ P[QS./- $#W!&(*)"!U'0%*0 V)(!#W!X$)(!%#&V
14?7A25;G5EDA25 \2D245>G 48] ^2>G89A9_E ;28625@ JMJ` a4_2 b?AA \94]@ a4A9 OA69@ ;O cKN`K B=O

defghijg ?D 4896G25 393<A45 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 6G46 G4D o228


;A<D625?8_ ?D 654]?6?984AAE C?2k2] 4D 48 <8l <D2] ?8 4 C45?26E 9: 433A?>46?98 ]974?8D@ D<>G 4D ?74_2
D<325C?D2] 726G9] :95 ]464 484AED?Dm n9kl D2_728646?98 b4559Š<?8 ‡ t?59D?@ JccN€ 48] ?8:95l
2C25@ ?8 D972 >4D2D ?8:95746?98 4o9<6 6G2 746?98 5265?2C4A ‚2AA96 ‡ ƒAl‚2‹2@ Jccc€m 1<2 69 ?6D
359oA27 ]974?8 ?D 4C4?A4oA2 ?8 4]]?6?98 69 k?]2D3524] <D2@ k2 o2A?2C2 6G46 ]2C2A93?8_ 4 79]?q2]
6G2 ]464 ?8D648>2D 6G27D2AC2Dm F8 6G?D 34325@ C25D?98 6G46 >48 74p2 <D2 9: o4>p_59<8] p89kA2]_2
k2 ]2798D65462 G9k 6G2 393<A45 pl7248D >48 o2 9: D?_8?q>486 <D2 69 6G2 >A<D625?8_ >977<8?6Em
>A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 >48 o2 359q64oAE 79]?l ^G2 74}95 >9865?o<6?98D 9: 6G2 ><55286 k95p 452 6k9l
q2] 69 74p2 <D2 9: 6G?D ?8:95746?98m F8 2rl :9A]m „?5D6@ k2 G4C2 ]2C2A932] 4 pl7248D C45?486 6G46
325?7286D k?6G 456?q>?4A >98D654?86D 98 D?r >48 ?8>95395462 o4>p_59<8] p89kA2]_2 ?8 6G2 :957
]464 D26D@ k2 9oD25C2 ?7359C27286D ?8 >A<Dl 9: ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86D@ 6G<D ]2798D6546?8_ 6G46
625?8_ 4>><54>Em s2 4AD9 433AE 6G?D 726G9] 6G?D 433594>G ?D 896 A?7?62] 69 4 D?8_A2 >A<D625?8_ 4Al
69 6G2 524Alk95A] 359oA27 9: 4<69746?>4AAE _95?6G7 m F8 3456?><A45@ k2 352D286 9<5 79]?q>46?98D
]262>6?8_ 594] A482D :597 ta= ]464 48] 9ol 69 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 48] ]2798D65462 ?6D 325:95l
D25C2 ]54746?> ?8>524D2D ?8 325:95748>2m 748>2 98 D?r ]464 D26Dm
=2>98]@ kG?A2 9<5 352C?9<D k95p k?6G ;‚sƒ‚ k4D
uv wxghyz{jg|yx 52D65?>62] 69 62D6?8_ k?6G 548]97 >98D654?86D@ k2
]2798D65462 6G2 39k25 9: 6G?D 726G9] 433A?2] 69 4
;A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7D 452 _28254AAE <D2] ?8 48 <8l D?_8?q>486 524Alk95A] 359oA27 D22 =2>6?98 Œ€m
D<325C?D2] :4DG?98m ^G2E 452 352D2862] k?6G 4 D26 9: F8 6G2 82r6 D2>6?98@ k2 359C?]2 D972 o4>p_59<8] 98
]464 ?8D648>2D 6G46 7<D6 o2 _59<32] 4>>95]?8_ 69 D972 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 m =2>6?98 N 2r47?82D ?8 ]2l
896?98 9: D?7?A45?6Em ^G2 4A_95?6G7 G4D 4>>2DD 98AE 69 64?A 6G2 >98D654?86D k2 35939D2 <D?8_ 48] 352D286D 9<5
6G2 D26 9: :246<52D ]2D>5?o?8_ 24>G 9o}2>6~ ?6 ?D 896 _?C28 79]?q2] pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 m H2r6@ k2 ]2D>5?o2 9<5
48E ?8:95746?98 2m_m@ A4o2AD€ 4D 69 kG252 24>G 9: 6G2 2C4A<46?98 726G9]D ?8 =2>6?98 Km s2 352D286 2r325?l
?8D648>2D DG9<A] o2 3A4>2] k?6G?8 6G2 3456?6?98m 72864A 52D<A6D ?8 =2>6?98D M 48] Œm „?84AAE@ =2>6?98
n9k2C25@ ?8 524A 433A?>46?98 ]974?8D@ ?6 ?D 9:628 6G2 >973452D 9<5 k95p 69 52A462] 52D245>G 48] =2>6?98 L
>4D2 6G46 6G2 2r325?728625 39DD2DD2D D972 o4>p_59<8] D<7745?‹2D 9<5 >9865?o<6?98Dm
p89kA2]_2 4o9<6 6G2 ]974?8 95 6G2 ]464 D26€ 6G46
>9<A] o2 <D2:<A ?8 >A<D625?8_ 6G2 ]464m ^54]?6?984A >A<Dl v Ž‘ixf ’“{fg‘h|x”
625?8_ 4A_95?6G7D G4C2 89 k4E 69 64p2 4]C4864_2 9: 6G?D
?8:95746?98 2C28 kG28 ?6 ]92D 2r?D6m ‰l7248D >A<D625?8_ b4>•<228@ JcŒ € ?D 4 726G9]
s2 452 6G252:952 ?86252D62] ?8 k4ED 69 ?862_5462 o4>pl >97798AE <D2] 69 4<69746?>4AAE 3456?6?98 4 ]464 D26
_59<8] ?8:95746?98 ?869 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7Dm s2 ?869 – _59<3Dm F6 359>22]D oE D2A2>6?8_ – ?8?6?4A >A<D625
G4C2 352C?9<DAE G4] D<>>2DD k?6G 4 79]?q2] C25D?98 9: >28625D 48] 6G28 ?62546?C2AE 52q8?8_ 6G27 4D :9AA9kD—
;‚sƒ‚ „?DG25@ JcL € 6G46 <D2D o4>p_59<8] ?8:95l
746?98 4o9<6 34?5D 9: ?8D648>2D 69 >98D654?8 6G2?5 >A<Dl Jm ƒ4>G ?8D648>2 ˜™ ?D 4DD?_82] 69 ?6D >A9D2D6 >A<D625
625 3A4>27286 s4_D64† ‡ ;45]?2@ ˆ```€m ‰l7248D >28625m
ˆm ƒ4>G >A<D625 >28625  ?D <3]462] 69 o2 6G2 7248
9: ?6D >98D6?6<286 ?8D648>2Dm 12 345 67 8 #$ ) 9 $ # 
:;<=>?@ABC D)$$  E &  ! "#$  F GHI J
^G2 4A_95?6G7 >98C25_2D kG28 6G252 ?D 89 :<56G25 E K E & "$ ! "#$  F GH IL J E K E M
>G48_2 ?8 4DD?_87286 9: ?8D648>2D 69 >A<D625Dm N + O F  P P P F0 *    $ "# "#+
F8 6G?D k95p@ k2 ?8?6?4A?‹2 6G2 >A<D625D <D?8_ ?8D648>2D Q + R# $" '  ,-  E & $     " "#
>G9D28 46 548]97 :597 6G2 ]464 D26m ^G2 ]464 D26D k2 F. STUV WVXW YZ ;[A\@=:;BC\]A Z B\C ^,- _ F. _ F GHI _
F GH IL ` aS bXcSd e fb gh STUV UcTSWdi djaSWS_ bXac
<D2] 452 >9739D2] D9A2AE 9: 2?6G25 8<725?> :246<52D ^idWTig kl`+
95 DE7o9A?> :246<52Dm „95 8<725?> :246<52D@ k2 <D2 4
ƒ<>A?]248 ]?D648>2 7265?>~ :95 DE7o9A?> :246<52D@ k2 m + R# $" "# F- & ' )$  "# * $%#$  $
>973<62 6G2 n477?8_ ]?D648>2m (  '  ,. $ $% * $ )   +

^G2 q84A ?DD<2 ?D G9k 69 >G99D2 –m „95 ]464 D26D n + o#$ */ DQ M $) Dm M   "%#"+
kG252 6G2 936?74A C4A<2 9: – ?D 4A524]E p89k8 ?m2m@ 4AA p + q# rF  P P P F0 s+
9: 6G2 B;F ]464 D26D€@ k2 74p2 <D2 9: ?6~ :95 6G2 524Al Y Z ;[A\@=:;BC\]A Z B\C D)$$ '  , & "# F & 
k95A] 359oA27 9: q8]?8_ A482D ?8 ta= ]464@ k2 <D2  ! "#$  F GH I J E K E & "$ ! "#$ 
4 k543325 D245>G 69 A9>462 6G2 o2D6 C4A<2 9: –m b952 F GH IL J E K E M
]264?AD >48 o2 :9<8] ?8 =2>6?98 Œm N + R# $" D, t ,I M u F GHI v o( ,I uw F & ## #+
Q + R# $" D, t , IL M u F GH IL v o( , IL u F & ## #+
 v ’yxfghi|x‘z Ž‘ixf ’“{fg‘h|x”
m + x#/  & ## ($ +
s2 89k 359>22] 69 4 ]?D><DD?98 9: 9<5 79]?q>46?98D
69 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 m F8 6G?D k95p@ k2 :9><D 98
o4>p_59<8] p89kA2]_2 6G46 >48 o2 2r352DD2] 4D 4 D26
9: ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86D 98 6G2 >A<D625?8_ 359>2DDm
O:625 4 ]?D><DD?98 9: 6G2 p?8] 9: >98D654?86D k2 452
<D?8_@ k2 ]2D>5?o2 6G2 >98D654?82] pl7248D >A<D625?8_
4A_95?6G7 m
o4>p_59<8] p89k2]_2 4o9<6 6G2 ]974?8 95 ]464 D26
   Q. ,SZZ >:m =2>6?98 Œ€m
F8 6G2 >9862r6 9: 3456?6?98?8_ 4A_95?6G7D@ ?8D648>2l  y  Q. ,SZZ./ z -SQ {
A2C2A >98D654?86D 452 4 <D2:<A k4E 69 2r352DD  
p89kA2]_2 4o9<6 kG?>G ?8D648>2D DG9<A] 95 DG9<A] 896 ^4oA2 J >9864?8D 6G2 79]?q2] pl7248D 4A_95?6G7
o2 _59<32] 69_26G25m ;98D2Š<286AE@ k2 >98D?]25 6k9 ;al‰bƒOH=€ k?6G 9<5 >G48_2D ?8 o9A]m ^G2 4A_9l
6E32D 9: 34?5k?D2 >98D654?86D— 5?6G7 64p2D ?8 4 ]464 D26 | €@ 4 D26 9: 7<D6lA?8p >98l
D654?86D  }~ €@ 48] 4 D26 9: >48896lA?8p >98D654?86D
  -Z  >98D654?86D D32>?:E 6G46 6k9 ?8D648>2D  }~ € €m F6 526<58D 4 3456?6?98 9: 6G2 ?8D648>2D ?8 |
G4C2 69 o2 ?8 6G2 D472 >A<D625m 6G46 D46?Dq2D 4AA D32>?q2] >98D654?86Dm
,ZZS  -Z  >98D654?86D D32>?:E 6G46 6k9 ?8l ^G2 74}95 79]?q>46?98 ?D 6G46@ kG28 <3]46?8_ >A<Dl
D648>2D 7<D6 896 o2 3A4>2] ?8 6G2 D472 >A<D625m 625 4DD?_87286D@ k2 28D<52 6G46 8982 9: 6G2 D32>?l
q2] >98D654?86D 452 C?9A462]m s2 4662736 69 4DD?_8
24>G 39?86 ˜™ 69 ?6D >A9D2D6 >A<D625  m ^G?D k?AA D<>l
^G2 7<D6lA?8p >98D654?86D ]2q82 4 6548D?6?C2 o?845E 52l >22] <8A2DD 4 >98D654?86 k9<A] o2 C?9A462]m F: 6G252
A46?98 9C25 6G2 ?8D648>2Dm ;98D2Š<286AE@ kG28 74p?8_ ?D 4896G25 39?86 ˜  6G46 7<D6 o2 4DD?_82] 69 6G2
<D2 9: 4 D26 9: >98D654?86D 9: o96G p?8]D€@ k2 64p2 4 D472 >A<D625 4D ˜@ o<6 6G46 ?D 4A524]E ?8 D972 96G25
6548D?6?C2 >A9D<52 9C25 6G2 >98D654?86Dm ^G2 :<AA D26 >A<D625@ 95 6G252 ?D 4896G25 39?86 ˜ € 6G46 >48896 o2
9: ]25?C2] >98D654?86D ?D 6G28 352D2862] 69 6G2 >A<Dl _59<32] k?6G ˜ o<6 ?D 4A524]E ?8 @ 6G28 ˜ >48896
625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 m F8 _28254A@ >98D654?86D 74E o2 ]2l o2 3A4>2] ?8 m s2 >986?8<2 ]9k8 6G2 D9562] A?D6
5?C2] :597 3456?4AAE A4o2A2] ]464 >:m =2>6?98 M€ 95 :597 9: >A<D625D <86?A k2 q8] 982 6G46 >48 A2_4AAE G9D6 ˜m
;98D654?86D 452 82C25 o59p28~ ?: 4 A2_4A >A<D625 >48896
    ! "#$  $# #$  % &
 "#  '#(# ) %# * ! ) *"$ &  + & ( ,- o2 :9<8] :95 ˜@ 6G2 2736E 3456?6?98 ‚€ ?D 526<582]m
  !  ,. /  " "$  !  ,0 &  / $ !/ O8 ?86254>6?C2 ]279 9: 6G?D 4A_95?6G7 >48 o2 :9<8] 46
$ ,- "$  !  ,0 + ƒ„„ †‡‡ˆˆ ˆ ‰Š‹ ‰ŠŒŽ  ‰‘ ’ ‡ƒŒ “ ‡ˆ ”•  •‡ ŠŒ –” “— Ž‹ ‡ m
v   i“{ig|yx  ‘g  yz ?8_ 4A_95?6G7€m F: 6G2E G4] 6G2 D472 A4o2A@ k2 _2825l
^G2 ]464 D26D <D2] :95 6G2 2C4A<46?98 ?8>A<]2 4 >95l 462] 4 7<D6lA?8p >98D654?86m 6G25k?D2@ k2 _2825462]
52>6 48Dk25  95 A4o2A :95 24>G ]464 ?8D648>2m s2 <D2 4 >48896lA?8p >98D654?86m s2 >98]<>62] J`` 65?4AD 98
6G2 A4o2AD ?8 4 39D6l359>2DD?8_ D623 :95 2C4A<46?8_ 325l 24>G ]464 D26 kG252 4 65?4A ?D 982 J`l:9A] >59DD C4A?]4l
:95748>2m 6?98 5<8€ 48] 4C254_2] 6G2 52D<A6Dm
^9 >4A><A462 4_5227286 o26k228 9<5 52D<A6D 48] 6G2 F8 9<5 352C?9<D k95p k?6G ;al;‚sƒ‚@ 4 >98l
>9552>6 A4o2AD@ k2 74p2 <D2 9: 6G2 \48] ?8]2r \48]@ D654?82] 3456?6?98?8_ C45?486 9: ;‚sƒ‚@ k2 74]2
Jc J€m ^G?D 4AA9kD :95 4 724D<52 9: 4_5227286 o26k228 <D2 9: 6G522 B;F ]464 D26D ‹Œ  — Ž @ “ ’‹ ƒ ŒŒ “ @ 48]
„•Š –„ —Š –„ Œ € 48] 982 524Alk95A]  ]464 D26 6G46 ?8C9AC2]
6k9 3456?6?98D@   48]  @ 9: 6G2 D472 ]464 D26 | m 3456 9: D322>G ]464 s4_D64† ‡ ;45]?2@ ˆ```€m F8 6G?D
ƒ4>G 3456?6?98 ?D C?2k2] 4D 4 >9AA2>6?98 9: ~ ~ J€ ˆ k95p@ k2 523A?>462] 9<5 ;al;‚sƒ‚ 2r325?7286D
34?5k?D2 ]2>?D?98D@ kG252 ~ ?D 6G2 D?‹2 9: | m „95 24>G :95 6G2 3<539D2 9: >97345?D98 k?6G ;al‰bƒOH=m
34?5 9: 39?86D ˜™ 48] ˜  ?8 | @  ™ 2?6G25 4DD?_8D 6G27 ;‚sƒ‚ ?D 48 ?8>5272864A 4A_95?6G7 @ kG?A2 pl7248D
69 6G2 D472 >A<D625 95 69 ]?†25286 >A<D625Dm 26 o2 ?D 4 o46>G 4A_95?6G7 m 12D3?62 6G2?5 D?_8?q>486 4A_9l
6G2 8<7o25 9: ]2>?D?98D kG252 ˜™ ?D ?8 6G2 D472 >A<D625 5?6G7?> ]?†2528>2D@ k2 :9<8] 6G46 o96G 4A_95?6G7D ?7l
4D ˜ ?8   48] ?8  m 26  o2 6G2 8<7o25 9: ]2>?l 359C2] 4A79D6 ?]286?>4AAE kG28 D<33A?2] k?6G 6G2 D472
D?98D kG252 6G2 6k9 ?8D648>2D 452 3A4>2] ?8 ]?†25286 479<86 9: o4>p_59<8] ?8:95746?98m
>A<D625D ?8 o96G 3456?6?98Dm ^964A 4_5227286 >48 6G28
o2 >4A><A462] <D?8_
100

˜ €  Overall accuracy

 ~     
~ J€ ˆ 
Held−out test set
98
~
96

s2 <D2] 6G?D 724D<52 69 >4A><A462 4>><54>E :95 4AA 9:


9<5 2r325?7286Dm s2 k252 4AD9 ?86252D62] ?8 62D6?8_ 94
Accuracy

9<5 GE396G2D?D 6G46 >98D654?86 ?8:95746?98 >48 o99D6


325:95748>2 2C28 98 <8>98D654?82] ?8D648>2Dm ;98D2l
92

Š<286AE@ k2 352D286 6k9 D26D 9: 8<7o25D— 6G2 9C254AA 90

4>><54>E :95 6G2 286?52 ]464 D26@ 48] 4>><54>E 98 4


G2A]l9<6 62D6 D26 4 D<oD26 9: 6G2 ]464 D26 >9739D2] 9: 88

?8D648>2D 6G46 452 896 ]?52>6AE 95 6548D?6?C2AE 4†2>62]


oE 6G2 >98D654?86D€m ^G?D ?D 4>G?2C2] C?4 J`l:9A] >59DDl
86
0 20 40 60 80 100
Number of constraints

C4A?]46?98~ k2 _2825462 >98D654?86D 98 8?82 :9A]D 48]


2C4A<462 325:95748>2 98 6G2 6286Gm ^G?D 284oA2D 4 65<2   5 67 8 x ! 9 " #  $ % #  &'( )*+ ,
724D<527286 9: ?7359C27286D ?8 A2458?8_@ D?8>2 48E
?7359C27286D 98 6G2 G2A]l9<6 62D6 D26 ?8]?>462 6G46 ^G2 q5D6 ]464 D26 9: ?86252D6 ?D ‹Œ  — Ž @ kG?>G G4D
6G2 4A_95?6G7 k4D 4oA2 69 _28254A?‹2 6G2 >98D654?86 ?8l K ?8D648>2D 48] NM 4665?o<62Dm „9<5 >A4DD2D 452 523l
:95746?98 69 6G2 <8>98D654?82] ?8D648>2D 4D k2AAm 52D2862] ?8 6G2 ]464m s?6G9<6 48E >98D654?86D@ 6G2
 v    ‘h|‘xgi“  ‘f{“gf  f|x”
pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 4>G?2C2D 48 4>><54>E 9: L - D22
dhg| j|i“ ’yxfghi|xgf „?_<52 J€m C254AA 4>><54>E D624]?AE ?8>524D2D k?6G
6G2 ?8>9539546?98 9: >98D654?86D@ 524>G?8_ cc - 4:625
F8 6G?D D2>6?98@ k2 523956 98 2r325?7286D <D?8_ D?r J`` 548]97 >98D654?86Dm
k2AAlp89k8 ]464 D26D ?8 >98}<8>6?98 k?6G 456?q>?4AAEl s2 433A?2] 6G2 \48] ?8]2r 69 6G2 D26 9: >98D654?86D
_2825462] >98D654?86Dm ƒ4>G _543G ]2798D65462D 6G2 CDm 6G2 65<2 3456?6?98m ‚2>4<D2 6G2 \48] ?8]2r C?2kD
>G48_2 ?8 4>><54>E 4D 7952 >98D654?86D 452 74]2 4C4?Al 4 3456?6?98 4D 4 D26 9: 34?5k?D2 ]2>?D?98D@ 6G?D 4AA9k2] <D
4oA2 69 6G2 4A_95?6G7m ^G2 65<2 C4A<2 9: – ?D p89k8 69 >4A><A462 G9k 748E 9: 6G9D2 ]2>?D?98D k252 .p89k8 .
:95 6G2D2 ]464 D26D@ 48] k2 359C?]2] ?6 4D ?83<6 69 9<5 oE 6G2 D26 9: >98D654?86Dm „95 6G?D ]464 D26@ J`` 548l
4A_95?6G7 m ]97 >98D654?86D 4>G?2C2 48 4C254_2 4>><54>E 9: KL - m
^G2 >98D654?86D k252 _2825462] 4D :9AA9kD— :95 24>G s2 >48 6G252:952 D22 6G46 >97o?8?8_ 6G2 39k25 9: >A<Dl
>98D654?86@ k2 548]97AE 3?>p2] 6k9 ?8D648>2D :597 6G2 625?8_ k?6G o4>p_59<8] ?8:95746?98 4>G?2C2D o26625
]464 D26 48] >G2>p2] 6G2?5 A4o2AD kG?>G 452 4C4?A4oA2 325:95748>2 6G48 2?6G25 ?8 ?D9A46?98m
:95 2C4A<46?98 3<539D2D o<6 896 C?D?oA2 69 6G2 >A<D625l / R# "$# &  *# )  $''$#   0 # +
n2A]l9<6 4>><54>E 4AD9 ?7359C2D@ 4>G?2C?8_ cL - k?6G ;‚sƒ‚ D6456D 46 MŒ - 4>><54>E k?6G 89 >98D654?86D@
J`` >98D654?86Dm ^G?D 52352D286D 4 G2A]l9<6 ?7359C2l 524>G?8_ 4 G2A]l9<6 4>><54>E 9: ˆ - k?6G J`` >98l
7286 9: JJ- 9C25 6G2 o4D2A?82 89 >98D654?86D€m =?7?l D654?86Dm
A45AE@ ;al;‚sƒ‚ D6456D 46 LM - 4>><54>E k?6G 89
>98D654?86D@ 524>G?8_ 4 G2A]l9<6 4>><54>E 9: cΠ- k?6G
J`` 548]97 >98D654?86Dm 95

90
Overall accuracy
Held−out test set

85
100
Overall accuracy 80
Held−out test set
95

Accuracy
75

90 70

85 65
Accuracy

60
80
55
75
50
0 100 200 300 400 500
Number of constraints
70

  5  7 8 x ! 9 " #  $ % # 


65
0 20 40 60
Number of constraints
80 100
+
   '*

  5  7 8 x ! 9 " #  $ % #  & ''  „?84AAE@ k2 :9><D 98 6G2 „•Š–„ —Š–„ Œ ]464 D26m ^G252
452 J`` ?8D648>2D ?8 6G?D ]464 D26@ 24>G ]2D>5?o2] oE

  

c 4665?o<62Dm ^G252 452 6k9 >A4DD2D ?8 6G?D ]464 D26m


s2 82r6 6<58 69 6G2 “ ’‹ ƒ ŒŒ “ ]464 D26@ k?6G M` ?8l s?6G9<6 >98D654?86D@ 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 4>G?2C2D
D648>2D 48] ˆJ 4665?o<62Dm F6 >9864?8D 6k9 >A4DD2Dm
 48 4>><54>E 9: MJ - „?_<52 N€m O:625 ?8>9539546?8_
F8 6G2 4oD28>2 9: >98D654?86D@ 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 M`` 548]97 >98D654?86D@ 9C254AA 4>><54>E ?D cˆ - m ^G?D
4>G?2C2D 48 4>><54>E 9: Œc - „?_<52 ˆ€m O:625 ?8>95l D26 9: >98D654?86D 4>G?2C2D L` - 4>><54>E ?8 ?D9A46?98m
39546?8_ J`` 548]97 >98D654?86D@ 9C254AA 4>><54>E ?7l n2A]l9<6 4>><54>E 524>G2D MΠ- @ 4>G?2C?8_ 4 M - ?8l
359C2D 69 cΠ- m F8 6G?D >4D2@ J`` 548]97 >98D654?86D >524D2 ?8 4>><54>Em
4>G?2C2 N - 4>><54>E o2:952 48E >A<D625?8_ 9>><5Dm ;al;‚sƒ‚ o2G4C2D D972kG46 k95D2 98 6G?D ]464
n2A]l9<6 4>><54>E >A?7oD 69 Lˆ - @ E?2A]?8_ 48 ?7359C2l D26@ k?6G G2A]l9<6 325:95748>2 D64E?8_ 59<_GAE 46 6G2
7286 9: JN - 9C25 6G2 o4D2A?82m ;al;‚sƒ‚ D6456D Kc - 745pm s2 o2A?2C2 6G46 6G?D ]464 D26 ?D 3456?><l
46 Π- 4>><54>E k?6G 89 >98D654?86D@ k?6G G2A]l9<6 A45AE >G4AA28_?8_ o2>4<D2 6G2 >A4DD?q>46?98 9: 4 o945]
4>><54>E 524>G?8_ LN - k?6G J`` >98D654?86Dm 4D 4 k?8 95 4 A9DD :95 6G2 3A4E25 52Š<?52D 2r654>6?8_
^G2 6G?5] ]464 D26 <8]25 >98D?]2546?98 ?D 6G2 —„– Œ – 52A46?984A ?8:95746?98 o26k228 6G2 4665?o<62D ?8:95l


‹ Š ƒ ]464 D26 ;45]?2@ JccN€m O D<oD26 9: 6G2 :<AA 746?98 896 >9864?82] ?8 9<5 ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm
 

]464 D26@ ?6 >9864?8D M` ?8D648>2D@ 24>G ]2D>5?o2] oE F8 >98654D6 69 6G2 ;al;‚sƒ‚ 2r325?7286D@ kG?>G
ˆL 4665?o<62Dm ^G252 452 6G522 >A4DD2D ?8 6G?D ]464 D26m 74]2 <D2 9: ]464 D26D k?6G DE7o9A?> >462_95?>4A€
s?6G9<6 >98D654?86D@ 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 4>G?2C2D 4665?o<62D@ k2 4AD9 2r325?72862] k?6G <D?8_ ;al
48 4>><54>E 9: ML - s2 G4C2 97?662] 6G2 _543G :95 ‰bƒOH= 98 6k9 B;F ]464 D26D k?6G 8<725?> >986?8l
6G?D ]464 D26@ 4D ;al‰bƒOH= 48] ;al;‚sƒ‚ <9<D€ 4665?o<62Dm 8 6G2 • •‹ ]464 D26 JM` ?8D648>2D@
G4C2 C25E D?7?A45 325:95748>2@ }<D6 4D DG9k8 ?8 6G2 :9<5 4665?o<62D@ 6G522 >A4DD2D€@ ?8>9539546?8_ K`` 548l
352C?9<D 6k9 q_<52Dm€m O:625 ?8>9539546?8_ J`` 548l ]97 >98D654?86D E?2A]2] 4 - ?8>524D2 ?8 G2A]l9<6 4>l
]97 >98D654?86D@ 9C254AA 4>><54>E ?7359C2D 69 L - m ><54>Em C254AA 4>><54>E >A?7o2] :597 LK - 69 cL - @
n252@ J`` 548]97 >98D654?86D 4664?8 MŒ - 4>><54>Em 48] 6G2 D26 9: >98D654?86D 4>G?2C2] ŒŒ - 4>><54>Em ‚2l
n2A]l9<6 4>><54>E >A?7oD 69 ` - @ E?2A]?8_ 48 ?7l G4C?95 98 6G2 ˆ • Ž ]464 D26 J L ?8D648>2D@ JN 46l
359C27286 9: Jˆ - 9C25 6G2 o4D2A?82m ?p2k?D2@ ;al 65?o<62D@ 6G522 >A4DD2D€ k4D D?7?A45 69 6G46 9: 6G2 „•Š–
 
8 x !  8 x # # $#  #'#)")  „ —Š –„ Œ ]464 D26@ k?6G 98AE 745_?84A G2A]l9<6 ?7359C2l
#$' (# # & * "$ * ()  ( )$   $$
$) 8 $#)  DQ M+ 7286 4A6G9<_G 9C254AA 4>><54>E@ 4D <D<4A@ ?8>524D2]
    $ * (  ( # )$$  &   $"  "$   )$$   $## & /   '#  ) / 
 8 x !  8 x #   '#  +  # "#$ +
]54746?>4AAE@ :597 J- 69 cK - €m ^G2 >98D654?86 D26 >28625A?82m „95 2C4A<46?98 3<539D2D@ k2 4Dp2] 6G2
4>G?2C2] ŒL - ?8 ?D9A46?98m ]5?C25D 69 ?8]?>462 kG?>G A482 6G2E 9>><3?2] 48] 48E
sG46 k2 >48 >98>A<]2 :597 6G?D D2>6?98 ?D 6G46 2C28 A482 >G48_2Dm ^G?D 4AA9k2] <D 69 A4o2A 24>G ]464 39?86
548]97AEl_2825462] >98D654?86D >48 ?7359C2 >A<D625l k?6G ?6D >9552>6 A482m
?8_ 4>><54>Em OD 982 7?_G6 2r32>6@ 6G2 ?7359C27286  y  [  S  Z/ ZS  -./.  ,SZZ
9o64?82] ]2328]D 98 6G2 ]464 D26 <8]25 >98D?]2546?98m
F: 6G2 >98D654?86D 452 _28254A?‹4oA2 69 6G2 :<AA ]464 D26@ „95 6G2 359oA27 9: 4<69746?> A482 ]262>6?98@ k2 :9l
?7359C27286D >48 o2 9oD25C2] 2C28 98 <8>98D654?82] ><D2] 98 6k9 ]974?8lD32>?q> G2<5?D6?>D :95 _282546l
?8D648>2Dm ?8_ >98D654?86D— 654>2 >986?_<?6E 48] 74r?7<7 D234l
546?98m ^G2D2 52352D286 p89kA2]_2 4o9<6 6G2 ]974?8
v    ‘h|‘xgi“  ‘f{“gf yx     ix‘ 6G46 >48 o2 28>9]2] 4D ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm
 |xz|x”         7248D 6G46@ ?8 6G2 4oD28>2 9: A482
F8 4AA 9: 6G2 4o9C2 2r325?7286D@ 6G2 >98D654?86D k2 2rl >G48_2D@ 4AA 9: 6G2 39?86D _2825462] :597 6G2 D472 C2l
325?72862] k?6G k252 548]97AE _2825462] :597 6G2 G?>A2 ?8 4 D?8_A2 34DD 9C25 4 594] D2_7286 DG9<A] 28]
65<2 ]464 A4o2ADm ^9 ]2798D65462 6G2 <6?A?6E 9: >98l <3 ?8 6G2 D472 A482m
D654?82] >A<D625?8_ k?6G 524A ]974?8 p89kA2]_2@ k2          52:25D 69 4 A?7?6 98 G9k :45 43456
433A?2] ;al‰bƒOH= 69 6G2 359oA27 9: A482 q8]?8_ 6k9 39?86D >48 o2 325328]?><A45 69 6G2 >28625A?82€
?8 ta= ]464m F8 6G?D D2>6?98@ k2 523956 98 6G2 52D<A6D kG?A2 D6?AA o2?8_ ?8 6G2 D472 A482m F: 6k9 39?86D 452
9: 6G2D2 2r325?7286Dm b952 ]264?AD >48 o2 :9<8] ?8 D2345462] oE 46 A24D6 :9<5 72625D@ 6G28 k2 _2825462
=>G592]A 26 4Am ˆ``J€@ kG?>G :9><D2D D32>?q>4AAE 98 4 >98D654?86 6G46 k?AA 352C286 6G9D2 6k9 39?86D :597
6G2 359oA27 9: 743 52q827286 48] A482 q8]?8_m o2?8_ 3A4>2] ?8 6G2 D472 >A<D625m
OD k2 k?AA DG9k@ 6G2 <8>98D654?82] pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 ^9 o26625 484AE‹2 325:95748>2 ?8 6G?D ]974?8@ k2
325:957D 4oED74AAE >973452] 69 ;al‰bƒOH=@ 79]?q2] 6G2 >A<D625 >28625 52352D28646?98m ^G2 <D<4A
kG?>G G4D 4>>2DD 69 4]]?6?984A ]974?8 p89kA2]_2 k4E 69 >973<62 6G2 >28625 9: 4 >A<D625 ?D 69 4C254_2
4o9<6 6G2 359oA27 m =2>6?98 Œmˆ ]2D>5?o2D G9k k2 4AA 9: ?6D >98D6?6<286 39?86Dm ^G252 452 6k9 D?_8?q>486
6548D:9572] 6G?D ]974?8 p89kA2]_2 ?869 4 <D2:<A D26 ]54ko4>pD 9: 6G?D 52352D28646?98m „?5D6@ 6G2 >28625 9:
9: ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm 4 A482 ?D 4 39?86 G4A:k4E 4A98_ ?6D 2r6286@ kG?>G >97l
798AE 7248D 6G46 39?86D ?8D?]2 6G2 A482 o<6 46 6G2 :45
   Z.  Z/Z -Z./ 28]D 9: 6G2 594] 433245 69 o2 2r65272AE :45 :597 6G2
1?_?64A 594] 743D ><55286AE 2r?D6 6G46 284oA2 D2C254A >A<D625 >28625m =2>98]@ 433A?>46?98D 6G46 74p2 <D2 9:
433A?>46?98D@ D<>G 4D _282546?8_ 325D984A?‹2] ]5?C?8_ 6G2 >A<D625?8_ 52D<A6D 822] 7952 6G48 4 D?8_A2 39?86 69
]?52>6?98Dm n9k2C25@ 6G2D2 743D >9864?8 98AE >945D2 ]2q82 4 A482m
?8:95746?98 4o9<6 6G2 A9>46?98 9: 4 594]m ‚E 52q8?8_ ;98D2Š<286AE@ k2 ?8D624] 52352D2862] 24>G A482 >A<Dl
743D ]9k8 69 6G2 A482 A2C2A@ k2 284oA2 4 G9D6 9: 7952 625 k?6G 4 A?82 D2_7286 3454AA2A 69 6G2 >28625A?82m ^G?D
D93G?D6?>462] 433A?>46?98D D<>G 4D 4A256?8_ 4 ]5?C25 kG9 7952 4>><5462AE 79]2AD kG46 k2 >98>236<4A?‹2 4D 6G2
]5?:6D :597 6G2 ><55286 A482m >28625 9: 6G2 A482  @ 359C?]2D 4 o26625 o4D?D :95 724D<5l
<5 433594>G 69 6G?D 359oA27 ?D o4D2] 98 6G2 9oD25l ?8_ 6G2 ]?D648>2 :597 4 39?86 69 ?6D A482 >A<D625 >28l
C46?98 6G46 ]5?C25D 628] 69 ]5?C2 k?6G?8 A482 o9<8]l 625@ 48] 359C?]2D <D2:<A 9<63<6 :95 96G25 433A?>46?98Dm
45?2Dm C25 6?72@ A482D DG9<A] >9552D398] 69 ]28D2AE ‚96G 6G2 o4D?> pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 48] ;al‰bƒOH=
654C2A2]  52_?98D ?8 >98654D6 69 6G2 A482 o9<8]45?2D@ 74p2 <D2 9: 6G?D A482 52352D28646?98 :95 6G?D 359oA27€m
kG?>G DG9<A] o2 D345D2AE 654C2A2]  €m ;98D2Š<286AE@ .{ .Z   ,S { SZ  Q  { .Z
k2 GE396G2D?‹2] 6G46 ?6 k9<A] o2 39DD?oA2 69 >9AA2>6  
]464 4o9<6 6G2 A9>46?98 9: >45D 4D 6G2E ]5?C2 4A98_ 4 ^4oA2 ˆ 352D286D 4>><54>E 52D<A6D  :95 o96G 4A_95?6G7D
_?C28 594] 48] 6G28 >A<D625 6G46 ]464 69 4<69746?>4AAE 9C25 ˆ` 594] D2_7286Dm ^G2 8<7o25 9: ]464 39?86D :95
]26257?82 kG252 6G2 ?8]?C?]<4A A482D 452 A9>462]m 24>G 594] D2_7286 ?D 4AD9 ?8]?>462]m ^G2D2 ]464 D26D
s2 >9AA2>62] ]464 43359r?7462AE 98>2 325 D2>98] :597   "#  '$#$  #$) *   "$# 
D2C254A ]5?C25D <D?8_ ta= 52>2?C25D 4 r2] 69 6G2 693 "$)    )) (  #$) +
9: 6G2 C2G?>A2 o2?8_ ]5?C28m ƒ4>G ]464 39?86 ?D 52352l   # #'# %#$ $""#$" #$# $
) $""#$"&  " )#    #   ( "
D2862] oE 6k9 :246<52D— ?6D ]?D648>2 4A98_ 6G2 594] #$   '$# (  '#* D $#  $# 0 " $
D2_7286 48] ?6D 325328]?><A45 9†D26 :597 6G2 594] #$) (#  # $*M+
48] 4C254_?8_ cLmΠ- 9C254AAm ^G2 <8>98D654?82] C25l
12 345  7 O$ R )  ! #(# $" Dq $) o)  M
=2_7286 ‰l7248D ;al ;98D654?86D D?98 325:9572] 7<>G k95D2@ 4C254_?8_ MLm` - 4>><54>Em
D?‹2€ ‰bƒOH= 4A982 ^G2 >A<D625D 6G2 A46625 4A_95?6G7 359]<>2D 9:628 D348
J Œcc€ KcmL J`` NŒmL 7<A6?3A2 A482D 48] 82C25 >9C25 6G2 286?52 594] D2_7286
ˆ JJŒ€ K mˆ J`` NJmM A28_6Gk?D2m 482 >A<D625D G4C2 4 C25E D32>?q> DG432—
N MˆJ€ MŒmM J`` KKmˆ 6G2E 452 _5246AE 2A98_462] 48] <D<4AAE 95?2862] G95l
K MˆŒ€ KcmK J`` K mJ ?‹9864AAE k?6G 52D32>6 69 6G2 594] >28625A?82€m I26
M KˆŒ€ M`mˆ J`` ˆcmŒ 2C28 kG28 6G2 >A<D625 >28625 ?D 4 A?82 546G25 6G48 4
Œ M`N€ Mm` J`` MŒmN 39?86@ pl7248D D22pD >9734>6@ <D<4AAE D3G25?>4A >A<Dl
ŒˆN€ NmM J`` M mL 625Dm ;98D2Š<286AE@ ?6 ]92D 4 C25E 3995 }9o 9: A9>46?8_
L JKc€ Km J`` MNmŒ 6G2 65<2 A482D ?8 6G2 ]464m
c KcŒ€ MLmŒ J`` KŒmL „95 2r473A2@ „?_<52 K DG9kD 6G2 9<63<6 9: 6G2 52_<A45
J` ŒNK€ M`mˆ J`` ŒNmK pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 :95 ]464 D26 Œm ^G2 G95?‹9864A 4r?D
JJ JJŒ`€ MŒmM J`` ˆmN ?D 6G2 ]?D648>2 4A98_ 6G2 594] ?8 72625D€ 48] 6G2 C25l
Jˆ Kˆ € KLmL cŒmŒ Mcmˆ 6?>4A 4r?D ?D 6G2 >28625A?82 9†D26m ^G252 452 :9<5 65<2
JN ML € Œcm` J`` MJmM A482Dm ^G2 39?86D :95 24>G 9: 6G2 :9<5 >A<D625D :9<8] oE
JK Œ L€ ŒMmc J`` Mcmc pl7248D 452 52352D2862] oE ]?†25286 DE7o9ADm ;A245AE@
JM K``€ MLmL J`` Ncm 6G2D2 A482D ]9 896 >9552D398] 69 6G2 65<2 A482Dm
JŒ JJM€ ŒKm` ŒmŒ MˆmK
J NLN€ Œ`mL cLmc MJmK
JL  LŒ€ M`mˆ J`` Nm 8
traces

Jc LL`€ M`mK J`` KˆmJ


lane 1
lane 2
6 lane 3

ˆ` M `€ M`mJ J`` NLmN


lane 4

z ..
4

      2

452 7<>G A45_25 6G48 6G2 B;F ]464 D26D@ 359C?]?8_ 4


>G48>2 69 62D6 6G2 4A_95?6G7D . D>4A?8_ 4o?A?6?2Dm
-2

-4

F8 6G2D2 2r325?7286D@ 6G2 4A_95?6G7D k252 52Š<?52] 69


D2A2>6 6G2 o2D6 C4A<2 :95 6G2 8<7o25 9: >A<D625D@ –m ^9
-6

6G?D 28]@ k2 <D2] 4 D2>98] 724D<52 6G46 654]2D 9†


-8
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

>A<D625 >9G2D?C282DD 4_4?8D6 D?73A?>?6E ?m2m@ 8<7o25 9:


>A<D625D€m H962 6G46 6G?D 724D<52 ]?†25D :597 6G2 9ol   5  7 9 $ ' (# )$$  & n
}2>6?C2 :<8>6?98 <D2] oE pl7248D 48] ;al‰bƒOH= !
kG?A2 >A<D625?8_m F8 6G2 A48_<4_2 9:  4?8 48] 1<o2D ^G2 q84A >9A<78 ?8 ^4oA2 ˆ ?D 4 724D<52 9: G9k 7<>G
JcLL€@ 6G2 :95725 ?D 4 52A46?C2 >5?625?98@ kG?A2 6G2 A46l ?D p89k8 4:625 _282546?8_ 6G2 >98D654?86D 48] o2:952
625 ?D 48 ?862584A >5?625?98m ]9?8_ 48E >A<D625?8_m F6 DG9kD 6G46 48 4C254_2 4>><l
F8 6G2 A482 q8]?8_ ]974?8@ 6G2 359oA27 9: D2A2>6?8_ – 54>E 9: M`mK - >48 o2 4>G?2C2] <D?8_ 6G2 o4>p_59<8]
?D 3456?><A45AE >G4AA28_?8_ ]<2 69 6G2 A45_2 479<86 9: ?8:95746?98 4A982m sG46 6G?D ]2798D65462D ?D 6G46
89?D2 ?8 6G2 ta= ]464m ƒ4>G 4A_95?6G7 325:9572] N` 82?6G25 _28254A D?7?A45?6E ?8:95746?98 pl7248D >A<Dl
548]97AEl?8?6?4A?‹2] 65?4AD k?6G 24>G C4A<2 9: – :597 J 625?8_€ 895 ]974?8lD32>?q> ?8:95746?98 >98D654?86D€
69 M€m ;al‰bƒOH= D2A2>62] 6G2 >9552>6 C4A<2 :95 – 4A982 325:957 C25E k2AA@ o<6 6G46 >97o?8?8_ 6G2 6k9
:95 4AA o<6 982 594] D2_7286@ o<6 pl7248D    >G9D2 D9<5>2D 9: ?8:95746?98 2†2>6?C2AE ;al‰bƒOH=€
6G2 >9552>6 C4A<2 :95 – 2C28 6G9<_G ?6 k4D <D?8_ 6G2 >48 359]<>2 2r>2AA286 52D<A6Dm
D472 726G9] :95 D2A2>6?8_ –€m O8 484AED?D 9: 6G2 25595D 74]2 oE ;al‰bƒOH= 98
OD DG9k8 ?8 ^4oA2 ˆ@ ;al‰bƒOH= >98D?D6286AE 6G2 A482lq8]?8_ ]464 D26D DG9k2] 6G46 24>G 7?D64p2
9<6325:9572] 6G2 <8>98D654?82] pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 @ 459D2 :95 4 ]?†25286 524D98m „95 ]464 D26 Jˆ@ 6G2 4A_9l
4664?8?8_ J`` - 4>><54>E :95 4AA o<6 6G522 ]464 D26D 5?6G7 ?8>9552>6AE ?8>A<]2] 3456 9: 4 654>2 :597 A482 K
?8 A482 Nm ^G?D 433245D 69 G4C2 o228 >4<D2] oE 89?D2
" # '#" &  "$"$  $%#$  $#)
) $" (# $" '    $ ) "# " ?8 6G2 ta= 39?86D ?8 Š<2D6?98— 6G2E 452 D?_8?q>486AE
# $) '$  (#  " '   (    v "  "##" %$ ( /$ '" 0 ) +   & 
 -     / +  $         %$ +
 $#  " N+ 
   !
>A9D25 69 A482 N 6G48 A482 Km 8 ]464 D26 JŒ@ ;al _A972546?C2 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7D 48]        
‰bƒOH= >G9D2 6G2 k598_ C4A<2 :95 – ?6 ]2>?]2] 98    D?7?A45 69 6G2 4o9C2 654>2 >986?_<?6E >98l
6G522 A482D 546G25 6G48 :9<5€m ^G?D 594] D2_7286 >98l D654?86€m F8 3456?><A45@ 89 4>>9779]46?98 ?D 359C?]2]
64?8D C25E :2k 654>2D@ kG?>G 39DD?oAE >9865?o<62] 69 :95 >98D654?86D 6G46 ]?>6462 6G2 D234546?98 9: 6k9 ?627Dm
6G2 ]? ><A6Em =?8>2 ;al‰bƒOH= 74]2 D9 :2k 25l F8 4]]?6?98@ 6G2 >986?_<?6E 52A46?98 ?D 4DD<72] 69 >9C25
595D 98 6G?D ]464 D26@ ?6 ?D 896 39DD?oA2 69 359C?]2 4 4AA ]464 ?627Dm ^G?D >98654D6D k?6G 9<5 433594>G@
7952 _28254A >G454>625?‹46?98 9: 6G2?5 >4<D2Dm kG?>G >48 24D?AE G48]A2 3456?4A >98D654?86 52A46?98D
F6 7?_G6 o2 45_<2] 6G46 pl7248D ?D D?73AE 4 3995 6G46 98AE >9C25 4 D<oD26 9: 6G2 ?8D648>2Dm
>G9?>2 9: 4A_95?6G7 :95 6G?D 359oA27 m n9k2C25@ F8 6G2 74>G?82 A2458?8_ A?62546<52@ ^G973D98 48]
6G2 745p2] ?7359C27286D k2 9oD25C2] k?6G ;al 48_A2E JccJ€ 325:9572] 2r325?7286D k?6G 359C?]l
‰bƒOH= D<__2D6 4896G25 4]C4864_2 9: 6G?D 726G9]— ?8_ 48 ?8?6?4A 35?7?8_  >98>236 G?2545>GE 69 D2C254A
4A_95?6G7 >G9?>2 74E o2 9: A2DD ?7395648>2 kG28 E9< ?8>5272864A <8D<325C?D2] >A<D625?8_ DED627Dm ^G2 4Al
G4C2 4>>2DD 69 >98D654?86D o4D2] 98 ]974?8 p89kA2]_2m _95?6G7D k252 6G28 :522 69 79]?:E 6G2 G?2545>GE 4D
„95 6G?D 64Dp@ 2C28 4 3995AEl325:957?8_ 4A_95?6G7 >48 4335935?462m F8 >98654D6 69 6G2D2 D9:6 >98D654?86D@ 9<5
o99D6 ?6D 325:95748>2 69 2r65272AE G?_G A2C2ADm F8 433594>G :9><D2D 98 G45]@ ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm
2DD28>2@ ?6 433245D 6G46 ]974?8 p89kA2]_2 >48 74p2 O]]?6?984AAE@ ^4A4C254 48] ‚ 2}45 ?8>95395462] ]974?8
325:95748>2 A2DD D28D?6?C2 69 kG?>G 4A_95?6G7 ?D >G9l 
p89kA2]_2 ?869 48 4__A972546?C2 4A_95?6G7 @ F=OO;
D28m ^4A4C254 ‡ ‚2}45@ Jccc€m F6 ?D ]? ><A6 69 >A4DD?:E
.{ .Z y  ,S { SZ  Q — Œ “ F=OO; .D >98D654?86D 4D <8?:957AE G45] 95 D9:6m ^G2
  q84A 9<63<6 ?D 4 3456?6?98 :597 D972 A2C2A 9: 6G2 G?l
\9_25D 26 4Am Jccc€ 352C?9<DAE 2r325?72862] k?6G 4 2545>GE€@ o<6 6G2 4A_95?6G7 ]2>?]2D 46 kG?>G A2C2A 9:
>A<D625?8_ 433594>G 6G46 C?2k2] A482 q8]?8_ 4D 4 982l 6G2 G?2545>GE 24>G >98D654?86 k?AA o2 D46?Dq2]m ;98D2l
]?728D?984A 359oA27 m ^G2?5 4A_95?6G7 — Œ “ € 98AE Š<286AE@ 4 _?C28 >98D654?86 74E 95 74E 896 o2 D46?Dq2]
74]2 <D2 9: 6G2 >28625A?82 9†D26 9: 24>G 39?86m ^G2E oE 6G2 9<63<6m
<D2] 4 G?2545>G?>4A 4__A972546?C2 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 F6 ?D 39DD?oA2 :95 6G2 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 69 2C9AC2
6G46 6257?8462] kG28 6G2 6k9 >A9D2D6 >A<D625D k252 2736E >A<D625D ?8 6G2 >9<5D2 9: ?6D ?62546?98Dm ^G?D
7952 6G48 4 _?C28 ]?D648>2 43456 kG?>G 52352D2862] ?D <8]2D?54oA2@ D?8>2 ?6 >48 359]<>2 4 52D<A6 k?6G :2k25
6G2 74r?7<7 k?]6G 9: 4 A482€m 6G48 – >A<D625Dm ‚54]A2E 26 4Am ˆ```€ ]2C2A932] 4
^G?D 433594>G ?D Š<?62 2†2>6?C2 kG28 6G252 452 89 A482 726G9] 69 28D<52 6G46 6G?D k9<A] 82C25 G43328 oE
725_2D 95 D3A?6D 4>59DD 4 D2_7286@ ?m2m@ 24>G A482 >98l ?739D?8_ 4 7?8?7<7 D?‹2 98 24>G >A<D625m ƒ†2>l
6?8<2D G95?‹9864AAE :597 A2:6 69 5?_G6 k?6G 89 ?8625l 6?C2AE@ 6G2D2 4>6 4D >A<D625lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm ?p2 9<5
5<36?98Dm „95 6G2 ]464 D26D A?D62] ?8 ^4oA2 ˆ@ 6G2?5 ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86D@ 6G2E >48 o2 <D2] 69 ?8>95l
4A_95?6G7 9o64?8D 48 4C254_2 4>><54>E 9: ccmK - m 395462 ]974?8 p89kA2]_2 4o9<6 6G2 359oA27 m „95 2rl
n9k2C25@ 4AA 9: 6G2D2 ]464 D26D k252 64p28 :597 4 :522l 473A2@ k2 p89k 6G46 594] A482D 7<D6 o2 D2345462]
k4E@ kG252 6G2 8<7o25 9: A482D ?D >98D6486 9C25 6G2 oE D972 7?8?7<7 ]?D648>2m n9k2C25@ k2 G4C2 896
286?526E 9: 24>G 594] D2_7286m F8 >4D2D kG252 6G252 452 E26 ?8>95395462] 6G?D 6E32 9: >98D654?86 4D 48 ?83<6
A482 725_2D 95 D3A?6D@ 6G2 982l]?728D?984A 433594>G ?D 69 6G2 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 ~ 546G25@ k2 D?73AE ]?D>45]
?84]2Š<462 o2>4<D2 ?6 >48896 52352D286 6G2 2r6286 9: 4 D9A<6?98D 6G46 >9864?8 A482D 6G46 452 ]2272] 699 >A9D2
A482 4A98_ 6G2 594] D2_7286m s2 452 ><55286AE ?8 6G2 69_26G25m s2 452 ?86252D62] ?8 2r3A95?8_ 6G2D2 >A<D625l
359>2DD 9: 9o64?8?8_ ]464 :95 4 A45_25 C45?26E 9: 594]D@ A2C2A >98D654?86D 48] ?862_546?8_ 6G27 7952 >A9D2AE
?8>A<]?8_ D2_7286D k?6G A482 725_2D 48] D3A?6D@ kG?>G k?6G 6G2 >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 ?6D2A:m
k2 2r32>6 k?AA ?AA<D65462 6G?D ]?†2528>2 7952 >A245AEm  v ’yxj“{f|yxf ixz  {g{h‘ |h‘jg|yxf
 v  ‘“ig‘z  yh  s2 G4C2 ]2C2A932] 4 _28254A 726G9] :95 ?8>9539546l
O A96 9: k95p 98 >2564?8 C45?26?2D 9: >98D654?82] >A<Dl ?8_ o4>p_59<8] p89kA2]_2 ?8 6G2 :957 9: ?8D648>2l
625?8_ G4D o228 ]982 ?8 6G2 D646?D6?>4A A?62546<52 t95l A2C2A >98D654?86D ?869 6G2 pl7248D >A<D625?8_ 4A_95?6G7 m
]98@ Jc N~ „25A?_9} ‡ ‚464_2A}@ JcLN~ 2:p9C?6>G@ F8 2r325?7286D k?6G 548]97 >98D654?86D 98 D?r ]464
JcL`€m F8 _28254A@ 6G?D k95p :9><D2D 2r>A<D?C2AE 98 4_l D26D@ k2 G4C2 DG9k8 D?_8?q>486 ?7359C27286D ?8 4>><l
54>Em F86252D6?8_AE@ 6G2 52D<A6D 9o64?82] k?6G ;al
   $    #  ) $" ( Q +p  # /$ '" ‰bƒOH= 452 C25E D?7?A45 69 6G9D2 9o64?82] k?6G
0 ) + ;al;‚sƒ‚m F8 4]]?6?98@ k2 G4C2 ]2798D65462]
G9k o4>p_59<8] ?8:95746?98 >48 o2 <6?A?‹2] ?8 4 524A „25A?_9}@ Om@ ‡ ‚464_2A}@  m JcLN€m =972 6E32D 9: >A<Dl
]974?8@ ta= A482 q8]?8_@ 48] 5239562] 98 ?7352DD?C2 625?8_ k?6G 52A46?984A >98D654?86Dm      @
_4?8D ?8 4>><54>Em  @ MKJ MMˆm
s2 D22 D2C254A 4C28<2D :95 ?7359C27286D 48] :<6<52 „?DG25@ 1m JcL €m ‰89kA2]_2 4>Š<?D?6?98 C?4 ?8>52l
k95pm ^G2 <D2 9: >98D654?86D kG?A2 >A<D625?8_ 7248D 72864A >98>236<4A >A<D625?8_m         @  @
6G46@ <8A?p2 6G2 52_<A45 pl7248D 4A_95?6G7 @ 6G2 4DD?_8l JNc J ˆm
7286 9: ?8D648>2D 69 >A<D625D >48 o2 95]25lD28D?6?C2m F: t95]98@ Om 1m Jc N€m ;A4DD?q>46?98 ?8 6G2 352D28>2
4 3995 ]2>?D?98 ?D 74]2 245AE 98@ 6G2 4A_95?6G7 74E 9: >98D654?86Dm     @  @ LˆJ Lˆ m
A4625 28>9<8625 48 ?8D648>2 ˜™ 6G46 G4D 89 39DD?oA2
C4A?] >A<D625 2m_m@ ?6 G4D 4 >48896lA?8p >98D654?86 69 46  4?8@ Om ‰m@ ‡ 1<o2D@ \m ;m JcLL€m     
A24D6 982 ?627 ?8 24>G 9: 6G2 – >A<D625D€m ^G?D 9>>4l         m a5286?>2 n4AAm
D?984AAE 9>><552] ?8 9<5 2r325?7286D :95 D972 9: 6G2 2:p9C?6>G@ m am JcL`€m ;98]?6?984A >A<D625?8_m  
548]97 ]464 95]25?8_D€m F]24AAE@ 6G2 4A_95?6G7 k9<A]    @  @ KN  MLm
o2 4oA2 69 o4>p654>p@ 5245548_?8_ D972 9: 6G2 ?8D648>2D
D9 6G46 ˜™ >9<A] 6G28 o2 C4A?]AE 4DD?_82] 69 4 >A<D625m b4>•<228@  m ‚m JcŒ €m =972 726G9]D :95 >A4DD?q>4l
O]]?6?984AAE@ k2 452 ?86252D62] ?8 2r628]?8_ 6G2 >98l 6?98 48] 484AED?D 9: 7<A6?C45?462 9oD25C46?98Dm 
D654?82] >A<D625?8_ 433594>G 69 ?8>A<]2 G?2545>G?>4A 4Al                        
_95?6G7Dm ;al‰bƒOH= 48] ;al;‚sƒ‚ o96G       33m ˆLJ ˆc €m ‚25p2A2E@ ;O— B8?l
_2825462 4 3456?6?98 9: 6G2 ]464 48] 6G252:952 452 k2AAl C25D?6E 9: ;4A?:958?4 a52DDm
D?6<462] 69 64p2 4]C4864_2 9: G45]@ ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98l b4559Š<?8@  m@ ‡ t?59D?@ „m JccN€m       
D654?86Dm O ]?†25286 >98D654?86 :957<A46?98 k?AA o2 52l                       
Š<?52] :95 G?2545>G?>4A 4A_95?6G7Dm          OF b279 JNc`€m b4DD4>G<D266D
„?84AAE@ k2 k9<A] A?p2 69 2r3A952 48 4A625846?C2 69 6G2 F8D6?6<62 9: ^2>G89A9_E@ ;47o5?]_2@ bOm
G45] >98D654?86D 352D2862] G252m :628 ]974?8 p89kAl \48]@ s m b m Jc J€m o}2>6?C2 >5?625?4 :95 6G2 2C4A<4l
2]_2 ?D G2<5?D6?> 546G25 6G48 2r4>6@ 48] ?6 ?D 39DD?l 6?98 9: >A<D625?8_ 726G9]Dm             
oA2 6G46 ?6 k9<A] o2 o26625 2r352DD2] oE 4 D9:6  >98l              @  @ LKΠ LM`m
D654?86m
\9_25D@ =m@ 48_A2E@ am@ ‡ s?AD98@ ;m Jccc€m b?8l
dj  xy “‘z”‘‘xgf ?8_ ta= ]464 69 4<_7286 594] 79]2ADm  
                       
s2 6G48p a46 48_A2E :95 G?D 4DD?D648>2 48] D<__2Dl              33m J`K  JJN€m =48
6?98D 48] :95 4>>2DD 69 6G2 ta= ]464 D26Dm s2 k9<A] 1?2_9@ ;O— O;b a52DDm
2D32>?4AAE A?p2 69 6G48p s2D6A2E s2?725 :95 4]C?>2 48] =>G592]A@ =m@ s4_D64†@ ‰m@ \9_25D@ =m@ 48_A2E@ am@ ‡
D<__2D6?98D 98 6G2 k95p 4D ?6 359_52DD2]m s2 4AD9 s?AD98@ ;m ˆ``J€m b?8?8_ ta= 654>2D :95 743 52l
6G48p b45?2 ]2D  45]?8D :95 G25 ?8D?_G6:<A >977286Dm q827286m !       " m
 ‘  ‘h‘xj‘f ^4A4C254@ m@ ‡ ‚2}45@  m Jccc€m F862_546?8_ ]2>A454l
‚2AA96@ am@ ‡ ƒAl‚2‹2@ b m Jccc€m    6?C2 p89kA2]_2 ?8 G?2545>G?>4A >A<D625?8_ 64DpDm 
                    
              ^2>G8?>4A \23956            33m ˆJJ ˆˆˆ€m O7D625]47@ ^G2
F\l`Jcc€m 4o95469?52 ] .F8:95746?Š<2 ] .OC?_898@ H26G25A48]D— =35?8_25l 25A4_m
„548>2m
^G973D98@ ‰m@ ‡ 48_A2E@ am JccJ€m ;98>236 :9574l
‚54]A2E@ am =m@ ‚288266@ ‰m am@ ‡ 127?5?‹@ Om ˆ```€m 6?98 ?8 D65<>6<52] ]974?8Dm F8 1m nm „?DG25@ b m  m
             ^2>G8?>4A \23956 a4‹‹48? 48] am 48_A2E ƒ]Dm€@         #
b=\l^\lˆ```lŒM€m b?>59D9:6 \2D245>G@ \2]798]@                     @
sOm Jˆ  JŒJm =48 b4629@ ;O— b95_48 ‰4<:7488m
;45]?2@ ;m JccN€m O >4D2lo4D2] 433594>G 69 p89kAl s4_D64†@ ‰m@ ‡ ;45]?2@ ;m ˆ```€m ;A<D625?8_ k?6G
2]_2 4>Š<?D?6?98 :95 ]974?8lD32>?q> D28628>2 484AEl ?8D648>2lA2C2A >98D654?86Dm          
                     
D?Dm                     33m JJ`N  JJJ`€m a4A9 OA69@ ;O— b95_48 ‰4<:l
          33m cL  L`N€m s4DG?8_l
698@ 1;— OOOF a52DD  bF^ a52DDm 7488m

S-ar putea să vă placă și