Dinamica interna

Magmatismul

• Magma / Magmatism / Conditii de formare

• Lava / Vulcanism / Conditii de formare
• Formarea rocilor magmatice / corpuri magmatice
• Impactul activitatilor magmatice si vulcanice
 Functie de locul de manifestare
Vulcani subaerieni

• De cenusa / sau scorie (cinder) – eruptii explozive,

dimensiuni mici dar pante destul de abrupte, cantitate
mare de piroclastite
• De tip scut (shield) – eruptii non-explozive, lava
bazaltica, pante line, extinderi mari
• De tip stratificat (composite) – alternante de lava si
material piroclastic (eruptii explozive si non-explozive),
inalti si cu pante mari
 Stratovolcani
(Mt. St. Helens, Mt. Fuji)

Volcani de tip aplatizat (shield)

(Hawaii)

9 - 150 km (Hawaii)

3 - 15 km (Vesuvius)

Vulcani de cenusa / scorie

.3 - 1.5 km
(cinder)
Vulcani stratificati
Volcani de tip scut (shield)
(Hawaii)
Mauna Loa (Hawaii)
Cel mai mare vulcan din lume
Conuri de material piroclastic / cenusa

Photograph by J.P. Lockwood on 1 December 1975

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/CinderCone.html
 Curgerea lavei
• Depinde de continutul de silce
• Viscozitate mare – curgere in bloc masiv, formeaza
suprafete masive – textura de tip AA / Blocuri de lava –
solidificata
• Viscozitate mica – curgere in suprafete ondulate –
textura de tip PAHOEHOE
• PILLOW LAVA – curgeri subacvatice
Forma curgerilor de Blocuri de lava
lava

Pahoehoe

Aa
Pillow lava
Pahoehoe
Aa

www.volcanovideo.com/Movies/p8vdclp.htm
Tuburi de lava
Cenusa si scorie
Piatra ponce / Pumice
Vulcani
subacvatici
 Vulcanii – functie de locul de formare
• Subaerieni si submarini
• Margini convergente / Margini convergente / Hot spot

Convergenta Rift Vulcani

 Tip arc insular Tip “hot spot” Tip margine continentala
Java, Indonezia Hawaii Mt Ranier, USA

Arc insular Divergenta Vulcanism Subductie continentala

Subductue CO/CO Rift de hot spot CO / CC
Mafic – intermediar Bazaltic (intrusiv) Bazaltic (intrusiv) Mafic - Felsic (intrusiv)
(Intrusiv) Bazaltic (extrusiv) Bazaltic (extrusiv) Mafic - Felsic (extrusiv)
Mafic – intermediar
(Efuziv) Vulcani hot spot
Rift Zona de Arc vulcanic
Arc vulcanic / Subductie subductie continental

Cru
st a co
Topire partiala Crusta oceanica ntin
enta
(manta superioara) Lito la
sfer
a con
Panase de manta t
Magama (Hot spot)

Lit
os
f er
ao
Litosfera

ce
oceanica

an
Manta

ica
1. Vulcani din zone
divergente / Rift Rift
medio-atlantic
(subaerian – Islanda)

Rift
medio-atlantic
(submarin)

Placa cana
ri Pla
o rd- ame eura ca
N siatic
a

Topire partiala
(manta superioara)
Roci bazaltice (intrusive)
Magama Roci bazaltice (extrusive – pillow lava)
 Pillow – lava
subacvatic / rift

Pillow – lava
Exondat
2. Vulcani de tip arc insular

Arc inslar
Subductie placa oceanica – placa oceanica

Roci mafice – intermediare

(Plutonic / Vulcanic)

Vulcani de tip arc-insular

Zona de subductie

Litosfera oceanica
 3. Vulcani de margine continentala
Arc vulcanic continental

Zona Subductie

Mafice la felsice (intrusive)

Mafice la felsice (extrusive)
Zona de subductie

Cr
uss
Liit tta
os co on
ffeer
Crusta oceanica aa c ttin
ne
con nt
nti ala
ne
ntt
ala
LLii cea
o
to n
sf ica

Vulcan de margine
err
aa

continentala
 4. Vulcani de tip hot – spot / puncte fierbinti

Hot - spot

Vulcan de tip hot-spot Roci bazaltice extrusive

Roci bazaltice intrusives

Panas de manta
(hot spot)

Manta
http://www.biosbcc.net/ocean/marinesci/02ocean/hwgeo.htm
Distributia vulcanilor de tip hot-spot / puncte fierbinti
2/3 dintre vulcani “Cercul de Foc al Pacificului”
 Concluzii

• Vulcanii de subductie – crusta continentala sau

crusta oceanica – margini convergente

• Vulcanii de tip “Hot spot” – distributie aleatorie

• Vulcanii de decompresie – in zonele cu margini

divergente