Glossary

THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ROMANIA (accounting) ledger = Cartea - mare; account = cont; ~ foreign exchange = devize n cont; ~ payable = cont creditor; ~ receivable = cont debitor; ~ settled = cont achitat; bank ~ = cont bancar; current ~ = cont curent; foreign exchange ~ = cont n devize; on ones ~ = pe cont propriu; personal ~ = cont personal; profit and loss ~(P&L- in UK) = cont de profit i pierdere; sales ~ = cont de vnzri (al agentului / comisionarului); sight ~ = depozit la vedere; statement of ~ = extras de cont; the running of an ~ = micarea contului; to keep open accounts = a ine contabilitatea / conturile; income and expenditure account = cont de venituri i cheltuieli; accountant = contabil; certified ~ = contabil autorizat; accounting = contabilitate;

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applicant = solicitant, petiionar; assets = bunuri; active; audit = verificarea conturilor de ctre o societate specializat; activitate desfurat de o persoan specializat numit auditor; auditing commission = comisia de cenzori; balance = sold; bank ~ = sold bancar; credit ~ = sold creditor; debit ~ = sold debitor; balance of payments = balan de pli; balance of trade = balan comercial; balance sheet = bilan contabil; bank = banc; ~ deposit = depozit bancar; ~ loan = mprumut bancar; agricultural ~ = banc agricol specializat n acordarea de credite pentru dezvoltarea agriculturii; central ~ = banc care realizeaz politica economic a guvernului; clearing ~ = banc de compensare, n acest caz, banca este membr a unei case de compensaie, specializat n decontarea cecurilor; commercial ~ = banc comercial specializat n constituirea de depozite, efectuarea de transferuri de fonduri; poate s fie o societate pe aciuni sau o banc particular; discounting ~ = banc specializat n scontarea cambiilor; Federal Reserve Bank = Banca Central a Statelor Unite ale Americii; Industrial ~ = o banc care face parte dintr-un grup de case mici financiare, care primete investiii de la persoane fizice; issuing ~ = instituie financiar care gestioneaz o nou emisiune de aciuni; joint-stock ~ = banc constituit ca societate pe aciuni;

Glossary

merchant ~ = banc de afaceri, este o instituie specializat n efectuarea operaiunilor n domeniul industrial i al business-ului. banking = activitate bancar; banking Directives = Directive bancare emise de Uniunea Europeana; bankruptcy = faliment, incapacitate de plat; bankers bank = funcie a unei Bnci Centrale banc a bancilor; banc care refinaneaz sistemul bancar; banks own capital = capitalul propriu al bncii; BIS = Bank for International Settlements = Banca Internaional a Reglementelor; bill = titlu, bon; Bill of Exchange = bank draft = cambie; Board of directors = Consiliu de administraie; ~meeting = edina Consiliului de administraie; bond = (aici) obligaiune; book - keeping = contabilitate; double-entry ~ = contabilitate n dubl partid; borrow (to) = a mprumuta; borrowed reserves = rezerve atrase; rezerve mprumutate; branch = sucursala unei banci; building society = societate ipotecar; n UK este o instituie financiar care ofer ipoteci, fondurile acesteia provenind din depozitele constituite de publicul larg; capital = n sens larg, avuie acumulat;

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(aici) se refer, n special, la resursele unei persoane fizice, ale unei organizaii, ale unei bnci; capital market = piaa de capital; capital structure = structura capitalului; capital assets = fixed assets = fonduri fixe; cash = bani lichizi, numerar format din bancnote i monede; cash flow = flux de numerar; ceiling of gold = plafon pentru aur; Central Bank = Banca Central; charge = tax; chart of accounts = planul de conturi; chattel = bunuri mobile; claim = (aici) crean; commission = comision; commitment fee = comision de angajare; credit co-operative = credit union = cooperativ de credit; credit institution = instituie de credit; creditor = creditor, persoan care deine creane bneti asupra altor entiti; currency = bancnote i monede folosite ca moned naional a unei ri; foreign ~ = valut; convertible ~ = valut convertibil; hard ~ = valut forte;

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reserve ~ = valut deinut de Banca Central; currency position = poziie valutar. dead line = termen limit; debentures = titluri de credit; titluri de valoare emise de societi cu rspundere limitat n schimbul unor mprumuturi pe termen lung; debt = datorie, obligaie; bad ~ = datorie care nu a fost i nici nu se sper a fi achitat; National Debt = datoria guvernului; debtor = debitor o persoan sau o socieate comercial care datoreaz bani, bunuri sau servicii unei alte persoane; deficit = depirea veniturilor de ctre cheltuieli sau a activelor de ctre pasive; buget ~ = un buget neechilibrat cauzat de cheltuielile mai mari dect veniturile; trade ~ = o balan de pli neechilibrat n care exporturile au fost depite de exporturi; deposit = depozit; discount = scontare; ~ house = cas de scontare; ~ market = piaa scontului; ~ rate = rata scontului. Early Warning and Rating System = sistem de avertizare timpurie i de stabilire a rating-ului de ar; electronic banking = activitate bancar derulat electronic; endowment capital = capital de dotare; European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) = Banca European pentru Reconstrucie i Dezvoltare (BERD);

Glossary

European Community (EC) = Comunitatea European (EU); European Central Bank (ECB) = Banca Central European; European Union (EU) = Uniunea European; exchange = schimb, pia; exchange control = control valutar; exchange rate = curs de schimb; fixed ~ = curs de schimb fix; floating ~ = curs de schimb fluctuant; managed floating ~ = curs de schimb cu fluctuare dirijat; managed ~ = curs de schimb controlat; flexible ~ = curs de schimb flexibil; pegged ~ = curs de schimb legat; crawling ped ~ = curs de schimb trtor sau cu paritate glisant; spot ~ = curs de schimb la vedere; forward ~ = curs de schimb la termen; external assets and liabilities = active i pasive externe; field of activity = domeniu de activitate; financial leasing = leasing financiar; fiscal year = an fiscal; foreign assets = active externe; foreign liabilities = pasive externe; foreign currency/foreign exchange currency = valut; General Meeting of the Shareholders = Adunarea general a acionarilor;

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gross profit = profit brut; headquarter premises = cldirea sediului central; in bail = n custodie; international foreign reserves = rezerve internaionale; International Monetary Fund (IMF) = Fondul Monetar Internaional (FMI); issue guarantees (to) = a emite scrisori de garanie bancar; joint-stock company = societate pe aciuni; lender of last resort = creditor de ultim instan; legal entity = legal person = persoan juridic; legal tender = national currency = moned naional; legal framework = cadru legal; liability = obligaie, datorie, pasiv; majority state-owned capital = cu capital integral de stat; majority private capital = cu capital integral particular; majority domestic capital = cu capital integral intern (autohton); majority foreign capital = cu capital integral strin; management of foreign exchange reserves = administrarea rezervelor externe; maturity = tenor = maturitate, scaden; maximal exposure = expunere maxim; merger = fuziune;

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minimum compulsory reserves = rezerve minime obligatorii; monetary survey = situaie monetar; monetary, foreign exchange, credit and payments policy = politic monetar, valutar, de credit i pli; money issue = emisiune bneasc; money circulation = circulaia banilor; money market = piat monetar; money supply = broad money = mas monetar; bani n sens larg; mortgage = ipotec; net foreign position = poziia net extern; off - balance sheet = n afara bilanului; open an account with (to) = a deschide un cont la; own capital = capital propriu; pledge = (aici) gaj, zlog, amanet; promissory notes drawn or endorsed = bilete la ordin trase sau andosate; rate of interest = rata dobnzii pltit pentru atragerea capitalului utilizat ntr-o afacere; central bank discount ~ = rata de scont a Bncii Centrale; accrued ~ = plata unei dobnzi datorate, dar care nu a fost primit; bank ~ = rat oficial a dobnzii stabilit de Bncile Centrale; termenul nu se mai folosete n U.K. fiind nlocuit cu minimum lending rate; rate of return = rata profitului;

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real estate assets = active imobiliare; rediscount = rescontare; refinance (to) = a refinana; reserve tranche = tran de rezerv; retail banking = activitate bancar cu amnuntul; revenue and expenditure budget = bugetul de venituri i cheltuieli; savings (s.) = (aici) economie (de bani); savings banks = bnci de economii/case de economii; security = (aici) efect de comer, titlu de valoare; settlement = (aici) decontare; shareholder = acionar; solvency = solvabilitate; special drawing rights (SDR) holding = deinere de drepturi speciale de tragere (DST); stock = aciune (aici), stoc; stock exchange = burs de valori; subsidiary = filial; reserve fund = fond de rezerv; conclude an agreement (to) = a ncheia un acord; grant a credit (to) = a acorda un credit;

Glossary

grant interest (to) = a bonifica dobnd; issue banknote and coins (to) = a pune n circulaie bancnote i monede de metal; lend to the banking companies (to) = refinance the banking system (to) = a acorda mprumuturi bncilor / a refinana; open and keep an account (to) = a deschide i a menine un cont; redeemable = recuperabil; render (to) = provide banking services (to)= a acorda/ a presta servicii bancare; two tier levels = pe dou nivele; Treasury = Trezorerie, departamentul economic i financiar central al unui guvern; vault cash = ghieu de casierie; warehouse receipt = recipis / chitan warrant; warrant = warrant; weight (to) = (aici) a pondera; withdraw (to) = a retrage bani.

THE BANKING SYSTEM IN ENGLAND

accountants department = departamentul de contabilitate; bankrupt = faliment; buying rate = curs de cumprare;

Glossary

charter/law/act = act de constituire a unei instituii sau organizaii economice, lege; coinage = batere de monede; currency issue = emisiune monetar; discount = discounting = scontare; discount houses = casa de scontare; discount market = pia a scontului; discount rate = tax a scontului; fiduciary issue = note issue = emisiune fiduciar de bancnote; foreign exchange market = pia valutar; foreign exchange rate = curs de schimb valutar; Governments bank = banca guvernului; hub = centru de activitate / de interes; joint - stock banking company = societate bancar pe aciuni; lender of the last resort = creditor de ultim instan; lending institutions = instituii care acord mprumuturi; instituii de mprumut; merchants bank = banc de afaceri; money market = piaa monetar; mutual fund = fond mutual; overdraft = descoperit n cont; sold debitor; sum tras din cont fr acoperire.

Glossary

rate of interest = rata dobnzii; selling rate = curs de vnzare; subsidiary = filiala unei banci; borrow (to) = a da cu mprumut; draw a cheque (to) = a trage un cec; lend, lent, lent (to) = a lua cu mprumut; National Debt = datoria guvernului; retail bank = activitate bancar cu amnuntul; Treasury = Trezorerie (n SUA: Ministerul Finanelor); Treasury bills = bilete de trezorerie; trust bank = banc de custodie; turnover = cifr de afaceri;

OTHER BANKING SYSTEM IN THE WORLD

chairman = preedinte; Board of Governors = consiliul guvernatorilor; money supply = mas monetar discount rate = taxa scontului; savings banks = bnci de economii; vault cash = numerar n casierie; pension and retirement funds = fonduri de pensie;

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failure = eec, faliment; Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation = FDIC = Fondul federal de asigurare al depozitelor; merge (to) = a fuziona; Federal Reserves = Fed = este o agenie independent, creat n 1913, care supervizeaz i verific bncile de stat care fac parte din Sistemul Federal Reserve; European System of Central Banks = ESCB = Sistemul European al Bncilor Centrale; European Central Bank = ECB = Banca Central European; minimum reserves = rezerve minime obligatorii;

MONEY SERVICES
advise = sfat, informaie; (aici) aviz; Airmail Transfer = transfer prin pota aerian; application form = formular de cerere; at sight/at presentation = la vedere/la prezentare; available funds = fonduri disponibile; Bankers draft = polia bancherului; banking clerk = funcionar bancar; banknotes = bancnote; bearer = purttor;

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bearer bonds = titluri la purttor; blank endorsement = andosare n alb; by air = pe calea aerului; by cable = telegrafic; by endorsement = prin andosare; by ordinary trasfer of debts = prin simplul transfer al creanelor; cash = numerar, bani lichizi; cashier = casier; certificate cheque = cec certificat; cheque = cec; cheque payable to bearer = cec la purttor; client = customer = client; coins = monede; collect (to) = a ncasa; collection process = procesul de ncasare; compulsory mentions = meniuni obligatorii; cross = barare; crossed cheque = cec barat; drawee = tras; drawee bank = banca trasului, n acest caz banca pltitoare; drawer = trgtor;

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duties = ndatoriri; sarcini; endorse (to) = a andosa; endorsement = andosare; endorser = persoan care efectueaz andosarea; exchange risk = risc valutar; expenses = cheltuieli; general cross = barare general; give instructions (to)= a da instruciuni; holder = deintor; input messages = mesaje de intrare; interest charges = cheltuieli cu dobnd; interest incomes = venituri din dobnzi; International Money Order = mandat de plat internaional; International Payment Order = ordin de plat internaional; not to order = nu la ordin; notify and pay (to)= a notifica i a plti; order form = formular de ordin; output messages = mesaje de ieire; overseas bank = banc cu sediul n strintate; owner = proprietar;

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passbook = carnet de cec; payee = beneficiary = beneficiarul unei pli; paying bank = banca pltitorului; payment by cheque = plat prin cec; payment in cash = plat cu numerar sau n bani lichizi; postal orders = mandat potal; proceeds = venituri; remit funds aboard = a remite fonduri n strintate; remittance by post = remitere prin pot; remittance telegraphically = remitere telegrafic; remitter = remitent; securities = titluri de valoare; simple remittance = remitere simpl; special cross = barare special; special endorsement = andosare special; specimen signatures = specimen de semnturi; Standing order = ordine de plat permanente; Telegraphic transfer (TT)= transfer telegrafic; be valid (to) = a fi valabil; travellers cheque = cec de cltorie;

Glossary

ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES

debit cards = cri de debit; Electronic banking services = servicii bancare electronice, adic servicii efectuate prin calculator; electronic cash = numerar electronic; electronic cheque = cec electronic; electronic money = moned electronic, bani electronici; electronic signature = semntur electronic; fraud = fraud; network = reea; ~ transmission = reea de transmisie; password = parol; PIN = Personal Identification Number = numr personal de identificare; POS = Point of Sale Terminal = locul vnzrii; record (to) = a nregistra; user = utilizator; telephone banking = banc la domiciliu.

OTHER ELECTRONIC BANKING SERVICES

Electronic Funds Transfer = EFT = Transfer Electronic de Fonduri; money transfer = transfer de bani; Automated Teller Machine = ATM = ghieu automat de numerar;

Glossary

EFT-POS = Electronic Funds Transfer to the Selling Points Terminals = transferul electronic al fondurilor la locul vnzrii; credit cards = cri de credit; store cards = carduri de magazin; debit cards = cri de debit; retailer = detailist; magnetic strip = band magnetic; cash dispensing = distribuitor de numerar; balance inquiry = solicitarea soldului contului; POS = Point of sale = punct de vnzare; keyboard = tastatur; Joint-stock banks = bnci pe aciuni Money market = pia monetar.

BANKER - CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP

accountant = contabil; Act/charter/law = lege; adequate level of solvency = nivelul adecvat al solvabilitii; application to open an account = cerere pentru a deschide un cont; banker/bank = banc; Banker-customer relationship = relaia dintre banc i client; banking procedures = proceduri bancare;

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building societies = societi de construcii; creditor = creditor; current savings deposit = depozit curent de economii; customer/client = client; deal (to) = (a face o) tranzacie (cu); debtor = debitor; deputy = (aici) delegat; adjunct; disbursement = plat, achitare; duties and rights = obligaiuni i drepturi; forgery = fraud; insurance company = societate de asigurri; legal person = persoan juridic; lend (to )= a mprumuta (pe); license/authorisation = licen / autorizaie; licensed deposit taking institutions = instituii acreditate s constituie/primeasc depozite; mortgage = ipotec; natural person = persoan fizic; overdrawn = fr acoperire; proceeds = venituri; recognised banks = bnci acreditate;

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sealed = sigilat; sight interest = dobnda la vedere; solicitor = avocat; theft = furt; be entitled to (to) = a fi mputernicit (s); be supplied with (to) = a fi alimentat cu; complete/conclude a contract (to) = a ncheia un contract; finish/terminate/cancell a contract (to) = a rezilia un contract; mortgage (to) = a ipoteca; open an account with (to) = a deschide un cont; pass on (to) = a statua; vest somebody to do something (to) = a investi pe cineva s fac ceva; Trustee Savings Bank = bnci de ncredere specializate n deinerea economiilor (un fel de CEC);

RISKS MANAGEMENT
credit institution = instituie de credit; risks management = administrarea riscurilor; financial risks = riscuri financiare; foreign exchange risk = risc valutar; liquidity risk = risc de lichiditate;

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interest rate risk = riscul ratei dobnzii; operational risk = risc operaional; own funds = fonduri proprii; commitments = angajamente; solvency = solvabilitate; banking rating system and the early warning system = sistem de avertizare timpurie i de stabilire a rating-ului de ar; level of large exposures = nivelul expunerilor mari; minimum level of the capital = nivelul minim al capitalului; administrative procedures = proceduri administrative; internal control procedures = proceduri de control intern; classification of credits = clasificarea creditelor; large loans = mprumuturi mari; loans granted to the debtors in special relations with a bank = mprumuturi acordate debitorilor care se afl n relaii speciale cu banca; liquidity = lichiditate; debt service = serviciul datoriei; doubtful credit = credit ndoielnic; interest rate risk = riscul ratei dobnzii; off balance sheet items = elemente n afara bilanului contabil; prudential measures = msuri de prudenialitate;

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credit risk = riscul de credit; watch credit = credit n observaie; doubtful credit = credit ndoielnic; loss credit = credit de pierdere; shareholder = acionar; own capital = capital propriu; grant a credit (to) = a acorda un credit; financial-accounting department = departamentul financiar-contabil; assets = active;

BANKS AND LENDING

accountant = contabil; auction credit =credit de licitaie; borrowed funds = fonduri atrase (mprumutate); capability = ability = capacitate; abilitate; currency risk = riscul de schimb valutar; fixed interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii fix; floating interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii flotanta; legal person = persoan juridic; lending = mprumut;

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lending facilities = faciliti legate de acordarea mprumutului; liabilities = pasive; liquidity risk = riscul de lichiditate; Lombard credit = credit lombard; loss = pierdere; market risk = riscul pieei; minimum capital = capital minim; operational risk = riscul operaional. own capital = capital propriu; paid up capital = capital vrsat; physical person = persoan fizic; preferential credit = credit preferenial; purpose = destination = scop / destinaie; repayment = plat; solicitor = avocat; (amer. procuror); solvency ratio = rata solvabilitii; special credit = credit special; standard credit = credit standard; structural credit = credit structural; substandard credit = credit substandard;

Glossary

supplementary capital = capital suplimentar; weight (to) = a pondera; variable interest rate loan = mprumut cu rata dobnzii variabil; watch credit = (aici) credit n observare