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Mecanisme compensatorii
Bicarbonat - 15 min
Hiperventilatie-1-2 ore cu max la 12-24 ore
Tamponare intracelulara si osoasa 2 ore
Excretie renala si reabsorbtie de bicarbonat
Compensarea in Ac respiratorie
Rapida (min-ore) intracelular
Acidoze cu AG mare
Aceste acidoze sunt determinate de creterea
concentraiei de ioni de hidrogen (H+)
Acidoze AG mare
ATR
Tip 1 disf tubul distala
Sjogren, SLE, Artr Reum, hipercalciuria,
amfotericina
ASKARAN
ATR
Tip 2 proximala
MM, inhib de AC, metale grele(ex. mercur),
hipocalcemia, deficit de vit D, amiloidoza
ATR
Tip 4 hiporeninemica, hipoaldosteronica
DZ, IEC, NSAID, heparina, nefrita
tubulointerstitiala, insuf adrenala, uropatie
obstructiva
Tratament
Alcaloza metabolica
Clor responsive:
-pierdere de suc gastric
-diuretice
-diaree acida(pierdere de CL)
-fibroza chistica
-posthipercapnica
Alcaloza metabolica
Clor neresponsiva:
Exces de MC (mineralocorticoizi)
Sdr Cushing
Steroizi
Sdr Liddle, Gitelman, Barter
Licorice
Ing de alkali (bicarbonat, antiacide, citrat)
Hipokalemie severa
BOSTON Aproach
PaCO2
HCO3
Copenhagen Aproach
Singer + Hastings 1948
Siggard Andersen 1948
Base Deficit/Excess
Delta ratio =
AG/ [HCO-3] = (AG 12)(24 HCO-3)
SID Aproach
Stewart 1983
SID ap = Na+K+Mg+Ca-Cl
SID ef = HCO3 + albumina + Pi
SIG = SID ap- SID ef --- AG
Fencle 1993
Cl corr = Cl obs Na norm/Na obs
Variabile independente
SID
Atot
paCO2
Variabile dependente
- pH
- HCO3
-H