Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
municipiul Timioara
Lucrarea a fost comunicat la al X-lea Congres Naional de Igien,
Craiova,
8 - 10 mai 2008 i va fi publicat n Revista Societii Romne de Igien
Rezumat
Introducere: Studiul prezent reprezint etapa III a proiectului de cercetare de excelen
Promovarea tehnologiilor inovative i durabile pentru tratarea apei destinate consumului
uman. Material i metod: n aceast etap s-au desfurat activitile necesare pentru
finalizarea anchetei epidemiologice studiu de caz municipiul Timioara i analiza
fizico-chimic i microbiologic a apei potabile la consumator. S-a stabilit relaia dintre
prevalena unor boli hidrice la lotul de persoane investigat i calitatea microbiologic i
fizico-chimic a apei potabile distribuit prin sistem centralizat de la uzinele de ap: U1,
U2-4, U5 i prin sistem local forajele publice.
Rezultate: Datorit faptului c nu s-a observat prezena microrganismelor n apa potabil
nu s-a evideniat o relaie ntre morbiditatea prin afeciuni gastrointestinale i calitatea
apei potabile. n ceea ce privete relaia dintre starea de sntate i calitatea fizicochimic a apei potabile s-a observat modificarea unor indicatori de sntate. Prevalena
bolilor cardiovasculare la persoanele care consum preponderent ap de suprafa 63,1%
a fost mai mare dect la persoanele care consum preponderent ap de profunzime (cu o
duritate mai mare) 36,9%. Concentraii crecute de clor, amoniac, fier i mangan precum
i temperatura crescut a apei au determinat modificri organoleptice. Concentraii mai
mici de fluor de 0,5 mg/1 (valori determinate n apa potabil 0,2-0,32 mg/l) au fost
corelate cu prevalena cariei dentare -100%.
Concluzii: Nencadrarea indicatorilor organoleptici n normele sanitare a avut implicaii
asupra psihicului consumatorilor; consumul unei ape fr plcere nu satisface senzaia de
sete. Pentru a exclude riscul privind sntatea consumatorilor se impune monitorizarea
continu a apei de la uzina 1 pentru trihalometani, fiind identificat prezena temporar a
acestora, dar n limitele admise de legislaie. Evaluarea riscurilor pentru sntate are nc
o eficacitate limitat datorit lipsei de informaii suficiente, n special n cazul expunerii
multiple.
Abstract:
Introduction: The current study represents the third stage of the research project called
Promoting innovative, lasting technologies in the treatment of water for human
consumption.
Materials and method: The actions necessary for the completion of the epidemiological
survey took place during this stage. The case study consisted of the physical-chemical
and microbiological analysis of the drinking water at the consumer end in the county of
Timisoara. The connection between the prevalence of hydrical diseases in the population
group surveyed and the microbiological, chemical and physical quality of the water
distributed through the centralised water systems was determined, in particular that
distributed by the water plants U1, U2-4, U5 and the local public drilling methods.
Results: Due to the lack of micro organisms in the drinking water, a clear connection
between morbidity by gastro-intestinal diseases and the quality of the water could not be
established. As far as the connection between general health and the physical-chemical
quality of the water is concerned, a change in health indicators was observed. The
prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in people who mainly consume surface water
(63,1%) was higher than in people who mainly consume deep water (36, %). High
concentrations of chlorine, ammonia, iron and manganese, as well as increased water
temperatures led to organoleptical changes. Fluorine concentrations lower than 0,5 mg/l
(concentrations found in drinking water ranged between 0,2-0,42 mg/l) were connected to
the prevalence of cavities in 100% of the cases.
Conclusions: Failing to include organoleptical indicators as part of the sanitary norms has
had implications on the consumers psyche; not taking pleasure in the consumption of
water does not quench the feeling of thirst. To rule out health risks to the consumers, an
ongoing monitoring of the water is recommended at the water plant 1, where
trihalomethanes have been temporarily detected, though they are at present within legally
acceptable levels. Assessing health risks still proves to have minimum efficiency due to
insufficient information, especially in the case of multiple exposure.
Cuvinte cheie: calitatea apei potabile, sntatea public
Key words: drinking water quality, public health
Introducere
Studiul prezent reprezint etapa III Identificarea soluiilor tehnologice optime
pentru reabilitarea/modernizarea staiilor de tratare neconforme- cercetare fundamental,
a proiectului de cercetare de excelen Promovarea tehnologiilor inovative i durabile
pentru tratarea apei destinate consumului uman al crui beneficiar este Ministerul
Educaiei i Cercetrii, iar contractorul principal Institutul Naional de CercetareDezvoltare pentru Ecologie Industrial INCD ECOIND Bucureti.
Proiectul s-a desfurat n cadrul Institutului de Sntate Public Timioara
Secia Igiena Mediului Alimentaiei i Colectivitilor IMAC (Compartimentul IMAC
i Laboratorul de Evaluarea Riscului Comunitar) n calitate de partener la proiect.
Obiectivul general al proiectului a fost: protejarea sntii publice prin consumul
unei ape potabile corespunztoare calitativ.
Tema de lucru a fost - evaluarea relaiei dintre calitatea apei potabile i starea de
sntate a populaiei din municipiul Timioara.
Obiectivele specifice ale proiectului au fost:
realizarea anchetei epidemiologice privind evaluarea strii de sntate n relaie cu
factorul hidric municipiul Timioara.
stabilirea evoluiei calitii apei la surs, pe fluxul de tratare i evaluarea gradului
de conformare al apei potabile cu cerinele legislaiei romneti i europene n
vigoare.
Material i metod
39.80%
60.20%
femei
brbai
Amoniac(mg/L)
Indicatorii fizico-chimici
Te mpe ratura(C)
Fosfati(mg/L)
0.46
14
16.5
Cl re z idual
libe r(mg/L)
0%
0.5
18.5
0.39
18
15
0.7
0.5
0.68
Mn(mg/L)
Fe (mg/L)
0.6
0.5
0.17
0.55
0.6
20%
0.5
40%
0.05
0.2
0.6
60%
0.5
80%
100%
Valori de te rminate
Valoare a me die re e a
Valoare a maxim de te rminat ree a
inicatorii fizicochimici
F(mg/L)
0.2
0.32
Mg(mg/L)
16.5
28.78
C a mg/L
35.81
Duritate (grd.Ge )
11.8
0%
20%
54.5
14.6
40%
60%
80%
100%
Timioara re e a
Timioara foraj
6.06
4.9
Ap foraj
Aap reea
15.9
Gastroenterite
1.7
BDA
Aap reea
BCV
5.5
Lambliaza
36.9
Ap foraj
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Efecte
senzoriale
dezagreabile