NOIUNI DE TEORIE

I
T

DE
LIMBA ROMN
I
LIMBA ENGLEZ

CUVNT NAINTE

Lucrarea Noiuni de teorie i teste de limba romn i limba englez apare ntr-un moment cnd
nevoia de sintetizare a datelor i informaiilor necesare pentru a fi nsuite de ctre cei crora se adreseaz
lucrarea de fa, se simte cel mai mult.
Autoarele, pe baza unei laborioase activiti didactice desfurate la catedr au reuit s selecteze
i s ordoneze logic cele mai reprezentative noiuni din limba romn i limba englez.
Lucrarea se adreseaz n egal msur att elevilor din nvmntul de diferite niveluri, ct i
studenilor din nvmntul superior.
n abordarea lucrrii, autoarele au pornit de la ideea c: nvtura este frumuseea cea mai aleas
a omului, este comoara celui nvat pe care motenitorii nu o pot mpri, hoii nu o pot fura, iar dac din
ea druiete i altora, nu scade niciodat; nvtura este averea ascuns i tinuit care procur plceri, d
glorie i bucurie; este prietenul celui ce se afl printre strini ori printre dumani; ea este divinitatea
suprem.
Nici prin ani, nici prin prul alb, nici prin averi, nici prin rude nu poi fi mare; nelepii strbuni
au stabilit legea: cine-i nvat acela-i mai mare n ochii tuturor. mpraii, regii i efii de state sunt
respectai n ara lor; nvatul este respectat pretutindeni.

CUPRINS
ARTICOLUL
SUBSTANTIVUL
ADJECTIVUL
PRONUMELE
NUMERALUL
VERBUL
GENERALITI
MODURI PERSONALE
MODURI NEPERSONALE
DIATEZA PASIV
VORBIREA INDIRECT
TESTE
REZULTATELE TESTELOR

CAPITOLUL I

GRAMATICA LIMBII ENGLEZE (ENGLISH GRAMMAR)

I.ARTICOLUL (THE ARTICLE)

Clasificare (Classification of Article):

1.

1.

Articolul hotrt

(The definite article)

2.

Articolul nehotrt (The indefinite article)

3.

Articolul zero

(Zero article)

ARTICOLUL HOTRT (THE DEFINITE ARTICLE)

THE -se pronun [ ]
a) naintea consoanelor: the teacher
b) naintea semiconsoanelor (u,y,w): the university
the weak
the year
-se pronun [ i ]
a)

naintea vocalelor: the eye

b) naintea lui h mut: the hour

c)

cnd accentum ceva n mod special: This is the man.

Folosirea articolului hotrt

1.

naintea unui substantiv deja menionat sau cunoscut de vorbitor:

The cat near the window is my pet.

2.

naintea adjectivelor la gradul superlativ:

She is the tallest girl in the class.

3.

naintea substantivelor nume proprii la plural ce denumesc familii:

The Whites are our neighbours.

4.

naintea substantivelor urmate de apoziie:

Mr. Smith, the teacher, is an Englishman.

5.

naintea substantivelor la singular folosite in sens general:

The horse is a useful animal.

6.

naintea substantivelor considerate unice:

The earth moves round the sun.

7.

naintea substantivelor care denumesc munii la plural sau lanuri muntoase;grupuri de insule;

ntinderi de ape,deerturi;canale,golfuri;capuri.
The Alps, the Bahamas, the Atlantic Ocean, the Sahara, the English Canal, the
Persian Golf, the Cape of Good Hope.
8.

naintea substantivelor ce denumesc instituii:

-hoteluri i restaurante:the Hilton, the Chinese Restaurant
-muzee,biblioteci,bnci: the British Museum, the Central University Library,the
Midland Bank.
-teatre,cinematografe:the National Theatre, the Capitol Cinema

9.

naintea substantivelor ce denumesc ziare:the Times, the Guardian, the Observer

10. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc nume de vase,trenuri,avioane:the Titanic, the Orient

Express.
11. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc ri (dac sunt la plural sau reprezint o uniune):
the Unitated States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland.
12. naintea numeralelor ordinale:Henry the Eighth
13. naintea substantivelor provenite din adjective ce denumesc clase,naionaliti sau o idee abstract:
The rich should help the poor.
The Romanians live in Romnia.
14. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc punctele cardinale:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
15. naintea lui same,only:
We live in the same building.
You are the only woman for this job.
16. naintea numelor de instrumente muzicale n sens general:
She plays the piano.
17. ca echivalent al pronumelui this sau that:
I am busy at the moment.
I could not remember it at the time.
18. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc o specie:
The trout lives in cold mountain rivers
19. naintea substantivelor care arat o parte a corpului omenesc:
The head was on his shoulders.
20. naintea substantivelor nsoite de prepoziii:
at the beginning

by the way
for the time being
in the end
on the whole
to the right
to break the ice
2.

ARTICOLUL NEHOTRT (THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE)

Articolul nehotrt are dou forme: a i an.
Articolul nehotrt este folosit numai naintea substantivelor la singular.

a -se pronun [] cnd este neaccentuat.

-se pronun [ei] cnd este accentuat.
a man, a woman, a child
-se pune naintea substantivelor care ncep cu o consoan sau o semivocal (u,y,w) i one:
a table, a useful thing, a year, a window
a one-legged table
an -se pronun [n] sau [n]
-se pune naintea substantivelor care ncep cu o vocal sau h mut:
an apple, an hour
Folosirea articolului nehotrt
1. naintea unui substantiv despre care nu tim nimic:
There is a car near the house.
2. naintea numeralului one:
There is a book on the table.
3.

naintea substantivelor are denumesc o profesie, meserie, naionalitate:

Mary is a doctor.
Peter is an Englishman.

4.

naintea substantivelor la singular folosite n sens general:

A hen gives us eggs.

5.

naintea substantivelor care denumesc religia sau clasa:

Tom is a Christian.
He is a lord.

6.

naintea substantivelor proprii care denumesc o persoan necunoscut sau un membru al

unei familii:
The call was from a Mr. Brown.

7.

n faa lui little i few pentru a evidenia plusul de cantitate:

I have a few English books.

He has a little money.
8.

pentru a arta o singur parte dintr-o clas:

I have a car.

9.

dup half, many, such, rather, as, quite, what, without:

He is such a handsome man.
What a day!
He is quite a man!

10. n expresii :
as a matter of fact
all of a sudden
at a time
3.

ARTICOLUL ZERO (ZERO ARTICLE)

Articolul zero marcheaz absena articolului.

Folosirea articolului zero

1.

naintea substantivelor proprii ce denumesc persoane:

Susan,Peter,Sister Mary

2.

naintea substantivelor proprii ce denumesc continente, ri, orae, formate dintr-un singur cuvnt:
Romania is in Europe.
London is a very beautiful town.

3.

naintea substantivelor proprii care denumesc cldiri, strzi, poduri:

Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Sovereign.
Some of the best shops in London are in Oxford Street.
Tower Bridge is one of London's best landmarks.

4.

naintea substantivelor ce denumesc lacuri i muni:

Last week we was at Lake Erie.
Mount Everest is a best-known peak.

5.

naintea substantivelor ce denumesc anotimpurile, lunile anului, zilele sptmnii, srbtorile:

Spring is green.
I was at the seaside on August.
I'll come home at Easter.
Come back on Sunday.

6.

naintea substantivelor ce denumesc mesele zilei:

I have breakfast rather early.

7.

naintea substantivelor la plural folosite n sens general:

Babies like milk.

8.

naintea substantivelor nenumrabile folosite n sens general:

Oil is lighter than water.

9.

naintea substantivelor abstracte nedefinite:

Life is wonderful.

10. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc limbile:

I speak French.
11. naintea substantivelor ce denumesc obiecte de studiu, jocuri sau sporturi:
I like history.
John plays football.
12. naintea unor substantive ca:bed, church, hospital,prison, school(cnd se refer la scopul pentru care
au fost fcute):
It's time to go to bed.
I go to school.
He is in prison.
I go to church on Sunday.
13. naintea substantivelor man i woman folosite n general:
Woman is a beautiful flower.
Man is unable to understand life.
14. naintea unor expresii:
to be in trouble
day by day
at night
hand by hand

II.SUBSTANTIVUL ( THE NOUN)

A.Clasificare: (Classification.of Nouns )
I 1.SUBSTANTIVE PROPRII (PROPER NOUNS)
Andrew, Romania, Bucharest, Monday, July.

2.SUBSTANTIVE COMUNE (COMMON NOUNS)

a)

substantive abstracte (Abstract Nouns): happiness, music, weather, autumn, time ,luck, beauty,
freedom, fun.

b) substantive concrete. (Concrete Nouns) : glass, concrete, cotton, silk, leather;

girl, table, tree, rain;
c) substantive numrabile. (Countable Nouns) :
-au form i de singular i de plural ; pot fi folosite cu many, few, several;
cat - cats, pen - pens.
d) substantive nenumrabile (Uncontable Nouns) :
-se folosesc cu verbul la singular.
-au form numai de singular;
-pot fi folosite cu munch , little;
coal, coffe, food, ice, iron, rice, sand, steel, cruelty,honesty, patience, anger, happiness, hope, joy,
pride, relief, respect, help, travel, sleep, work, freedom , baggage, business, equipment, furniture,
housework, homework, advice, music, noise, peace, news, youth, knowledge, measles, fun, courage,
despair, sugar, economics, beauty, information, scissors, tea, machinery, merchandise, money,
nonsense, progress, research, spaghetti, strength, aeronautics, astronautics, electronics, mathematics,
psysics,politics,aerobics, athletics, gymnastics, billiards, cards, checkers, darts,diabets, mumps.
e)substantive colective. (Collective Nouns):
army, team, fleet, flock, audience, committee, community, council, crew, enemy, gang, government,
group, herd, jury, navy, press, public, staff.
II 1. SUBSTANTIVE SIMPLE (SIMPLE NOUNS)
cat, boy, weather, idea, cloud, soldier.
2 . SUBSTANTIVE FORMATE PRIN DERIVARE (DERIVED NOUNS)
driver, childhood, writer, actress, pianist, imposibility.

3 . SUBSTANTIVE FORMATE PRIN COMPUNERE (COMPOUND NOUNS)

pencilbox, icecream, classroom, a merry-go-round, bypass

B. Genul substantivelor (Gender of Nouns)

a)

masculin: man, boy, father, brother, son, uncle, wolf, lion

b) feminin: woman, girl, mother, sister, daunghter, aunt, she-wolf, lioness.

c)

neutru: pen, bag, table, idea, cloud

d) comun: friend, cousin, doctor, engineer.

Formarea substantivului feminin din masculin:
1) prin cuvinte diferite:
boy - girl
son daughter
father - mother
king - queen
nephew - niece
uncle aunt
2) prin adugarea unui sufix:
bride - bridegroom
actor - actress
3) cu ajutorul pronumelui:
wolf

she-wolf

4) folosind un cuvnt ajuttor:

doctor lady-doctor
C. Cazul substantivelor (Case of Nouns)
1. Nominativ.( The Nominative Case)- cazul subiectului:
The boy is singing a nice song.
2. Dativ. (The Dative Case)-cazul complementului indirect:
Mother told a beautiful story to her daughter.
3. Acuzativ. (The Accusative Case)-cazul complementului direct:
Tom bought a doll for my daughter.
4. Genitiv. (The Genitive Case)- cazul atributului:

a)

genitivul sintetic : - `s se adaug la substantivele la singular sau la pluralele

neregulate:
boy`s ball, man`s work, men`s works.
- ( ` )se adaug la pluralele regulate sau la substantivele proprii

terminate n `s:
boys` balls, Whites` car.
Genitivul sintetic se folosete cu:
Substantive ce denumesc persoane sau fiine:
The bird`s wings

the student`s papers

Susan`s bag

the horses` food

The boy`s toy

my parents` house

Mother`s blouse

teachers` books

The cat`s tail

children`s toys
Substantive ce denumesc uniti de timp, spaiu, msur:
A life`s work
A mile`s distance
Two weeks` work
A pound`s worth of apples
Yesterday`s newspaper
Substantive ce pot fi personificate:
Romania`s history
The sea`s voice.
Substantive ce denumesc o organizaie:
The government`s decision
The army`s retreat
Substantive ce denumesc elemente geografice sau locuri:
England`s weather
The Danube`s waters
The world`s population
The city`s parks
Substantive din expresii legate de natur:
The ocean`s roar
The sun`s heat
The moon`s light
Substantive din expresii legate de distan:

10

At arm`s length
A ten yards` distance
Substantive din expresii legate de dimensiune i valoare:
A pound`s weight
Three dollars` worth
Substantive ce urmeaz dup sake:
For peace`s sake
For order`s sake
For pity`s sake
b) genitivul analitic :
Construcia cu of se folosete:
Cu substantivele la genul neutru:
The leg of the table
The colour of the car
The window of the room
The back yard of the house
n expresii mai lungi:
The child of the woman you have talked.

D.

Numrul substantivelor (Number of Nouns):

1. SUBSTANTIVE VARIABILE (VARIABLE NOUNS):

Regula general de formare a pluralului substantivelor n limba englez este de a aduga un -s la
sfritul substantivului:
Boy

boys

Idea

ideas

Horse horses
Cat

- cats

Excepii:
a) Atunci cnd substantivul se termin n x, s, z, ch i sh acesta primete terminaia es la plural:
box -

boxes

brush - brushes

fox

foxes

finish - finishes

bus

buses

buzz - buzzes

11

glass -

glasses

quiz - quizzes

church - churches
watch - watches
dish

- dishes

b) Atunci cnd substantivul se termin n o precedat de o consoan, acesta primete terminaia --es la
plural:
tomato tomatoes

domino - dominoes

potato - potatoes

echo

hero - heroes

Negro - Negroes
dar:

- echoes
radio radios
piano - pianos
photo photos.

c) Atunci cnd substantivul se termin n y precedat de o consoan, acesta primete terminaia ies la
plural:
lady ladies

country - countries

story

baby babies

party

victory - victories

city cities

factory - factories

- parties

- stories

fly - flies
dar:

toy toys

day - days

boy boys

key - keys

d) Atunci cnd substantivul se termin n f(e) acesta primete la plural terminaia ves.
Knife - knives

wolf - wolves

calf

- calves

Wife - wives

loaf - loaves

half

- halves

Life - lives

thief - thieves

scarves - scarves

Leaf - leaves

shelf - shelves

wolf

Dar

roof - roofs

e) Unele substantive schimb la plural o vocal sau dou:

Man

- men

12

- wolves

Woman - women
Louse - lice
Goose

- geese

Foot

- feet

Tooth

- teeth

Mouse - mice
f)

Unele substantive primesc la plural terminaia -en sau ren:

Child - children
Ox - oxen
g) Unele substantive nu i schimb forma la plural:
Carp

- carp

aircraft

- aircraft

Deer

- deer

crossroads - crossroads

Sheep - sheep

dice

- dice

Pike

fish

- fish

Trout - trout

fruit

- fruit

Series - series

hovercraft - hovercraft

Species species

spacecraft - spacecraft

- pike

h) Unele substantive provenite dintr-o limb strin i pstreaz forma de plural ca n limba
de provenien.
Stimulus - stimuli
Larva - larvae
Alga - algae
Phenomenon - phenomena
i)

Substantivele compuse primesc la plural un s la cuvntul mai important:

Mother-in-law

mothers-in-law

Sunflower

sunflowers

Rain-coat

rain-coats

2. SUBSTANTIVE INVARIABILE (INVARIABLE NOUNS)

a)

care au numai form de singular:

meat, luggage, furniture, bread, money;

music, information, knowledge, homework, luck;

13

news, mathematics, economics, measles;

b) care au numai form de plural i au verbul la plural:

-

trousers, pyjamas, jeans, shorts, knickers, slacks, tights, pants, spectacles;

glasses, scissors, tongs, shears, scales, pliers, pincers, nutcrackers, compasses, binoculars;

the rich, the poor, goods;

police, people;

the Carpathians, the Alps, the Highlands

III. ADJECTIVUL ( THE ADJECTIVE)

Observaie:
- In limba englez -adjectivul st de obicei n faa substantivului.
Ex.: beautiful woman
handsome man
Excepii: Lieutenant- Colonel
court- martial
C flat
three feet long
-adjectivul st dup verbele BE, BECOME, SEEM, STAY:
The weather will stay dry.
She seems happy.
-adjectivul este invariabil
- Dac avem mai multe adjective n faa unui substantiv, ordinea acestora este urmtoarea:
QUALITY SIZE SHAPE AGE COLOUR ORIGIN/STYLE MATERIAL NOUN
Exemplu: a big old expensive book
A nice small red box
A splendid young white Arab horse
The beautiful little girl
Two fantastic tall middle-aged Canadian actors
Clasificare (Classification of Adjectives):

14

I.1. ADJECTIVE DETERMINATIVE (DETERMINATIVE ADJECTIVES):

a)

Adjective demonstrative (Demonstrative Adjectives):

de apropiere: this, these;

de deprtare: that, those;

This cat is nicer than the other one.
b) Adjective posesive (Possessive Adjectives):

my, your, his, her;

our, your, their

Tom is my son and Susan is his daughter.
c)

Adjective interogative (Interrogative Adjectives):

which? what? whose? how much? how many?

What man asked you such a question?
How much sugar do you want?
d) Adjective relative (Relative Adjectives):
-

which, whose, what.

The girl whose bag is red was near the window.
e)

Adjective nehotrte ( Indefinite Adjective):

other, several, one, certain, another, such, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, enough, each, every,
all, any, no, both, either, neither.
Neither idea was good.
They are both my friends.
I have a few French books.

I.

2. ADJECTIVE CALIFICATIVE (QUALIFIER ADJECTIVES):

Observaie. Numai adjectivele calificative au grade de comparaie.

a) Adjective scurte. (Short Adjectives):

-

monosilabice i bisilabice

big, tall, small, thin, thick, happy, clean, dark;

Comparaia adjectivelor scurte:

15

gradul pozitiv: tall

gradul comparativ:
- de inferioritate: not so/ as tall as
- de egalitate: as tall as
- de superioritate: taller than

gradul superlativ:

relativ: the tallest

absolut: very tall

c)

Adjective lungi.(Long Adjectives).

Exemplu: beautiful, handsome, interesting, difficult;

Comparaia adjectivelor lungi
-

gradul pozitiv: interesting

gradul comparativ:
- de inferioritate: not so/as interesting as
- de egalitate: as interesting as
- de superioritate: more interesting than

gradul superlativ:
- relativ: the most interesting

absolut: very interesting

Observaie. Unele adjevtive lungi pot primi er,-est sau more, the most:
Able, clever, gentle, common, narrow, handsome, noble, simple, pleasant, simple, unkind,
polite.
d) Adjective neregulate (Irregular Adjectives):
good,well, bad, ill, little, few, much, many, old, far, near, fore, late.
Comparaia adjectivelor neregulate.
POZITIV
Good

COMPARATIV

SUPERLATIV

better

the best

Well
Bad

worse

the worst

more

the most

Ill
Much

16

Many
Little

less-lesser

the least

Few

less-fewer

the fewest

Far

farther

the farthest/the farthermost

the furthest/the farthhermost

Near

nearer

the nearest/the next

Fore

former

the foremost/the first

Late

later

the latest/the last

II.1. ADJECTIVE SIMPLE (SIMPLE ADJECTIVES)

young, tall, cold, warm, thin, short, fat, thick, clean, happy
2. ADJECTIVE FORMATE PRIN DERIVARE (DERIVED ADJECTIVES)
sunny, useless, unhappy, handsome, hopeless
3. ADJECTIVE FORMATE PRIN COMPUNERE (COMPOUND ADJECTIVES)
long-distance, fair-haired, dark-haired, snow-white, one-eyed, well-meaning
Good-looking, long-lasting, open-minded, well-dressed
IV.PRONUMELE (THE PRONOUN)
IV A.Clasificare (Classification of Pronouns):
1.

PRONUMELE PERSONAL (PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

1.

Nominativ: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they

2.

Dativ: (to) me, you, him, her, us, you, them

3.

Acuzativ: me, you, him, her, us, you, them

She is with me.
They are happy.

2.

PRONUMELE POSESIV (POSSESSIV PRONOUNS)

17

(este pronumele personal n genitiv)

-mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
The house is mine.
This is a bag.It is hers.
3.

PRONUMELE REFLEXIV SAU DE NTRIRE (REFLEXIVE OR INPHATIC PRONOUNS)

-myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Behave yourself!
Tom prooved himself to be a very good student.

4.

PRONUMELE DEMONSTRATIVE (DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)

a)

de apropiere: this, these

b) de deprtare: that, those

That is my daughter.
This are my pupils.

5.

PRONUMELE INTEROGATIVE (INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS)

-who?, whose?, (to) whom?, whom?, what?, which?
Ex.: Who told my name?
What day is today?

6.

PRONUMELE RELATIVE (RELATIVE PRONOUNS)

-who, whose, whom, to whom, which, that, but
The film which I saw was nice.
I can`t understand whose those things are.

18

7.

PRONUMELE NEHOTRT (INDEFINITE PRONOUNS)

-each, every, either, weither, any, some, no, none, nothing, both, all, much, many
Everybody should be happy.
She told me something about her.

V. NUMERALUL (THE NUMERAL)

V

Clasificarea (Classification of Numeral):

1.

NUMERALUL CARDINAL (CARDINAL NUMERAL)

1-one

11-eleven

2-two

12-twelve

3-three

13-thirteen

4-four

14-fourteen

5-five

15-fifteen

6-six

16-sixteen

7-seven

17-seventeen

8-eight

18-eighteen

9-nine

19-nineteen

10-ten

20-twenty

30-thirty

21-twenty-one

40-forty

32-thirty-two

50-fifty

43-forty-three

60-sixty

54-fifty-four

70-seventy

65-sixty-five

80-eighty

76-seventy-six

90-ninety

87-eighty-seven

100 (a) one hundred

174 one hundred and seventy-four
800 eight hundred
1,000 (a) one thousand

19

6,247 six thousand two hundred and forty-seven

1,000,000 (a) one million
Utilizarea numeralului cardinal :
a)

pentru a exprima un numr:

1,457 (a) one thousand four hundred and fifty-seven

b) pentru a exprima anii:

1457 fourteen fifty-seven
1012 ten twelve
c)

pentru a indica un numr de telefon:

059123356
0 five nine one two double three four five six

d) pentru a exprima timpul cronologic:

1:00 Its one oclock
2:10 Its ten past two
11:15 Its quarter past eleven
4:30 Its half past four
6:55 Its five to seven
4:40 Its twenty to five
7:45 Its quarter to eight
Observatie.: n engleza american se folsesc i after i before n loc de past i to.
9:10 Its ten after nine
7:45 Its quarter before eight
e)

n exprimarea vrstei:
I am seventeen (years old).

2.NUMERALUL ORDINAL (ORDINAL NUMERAL)

1st -the first

9th -ninth

2nd -the second

10th -tenth

3rd the third

11th -eleventh

4th the fourth

12th -twelfth

5th the fifth

20th -twentieth

6th the sixth

30th -thirtieth

7th the seventh

8th the eighth

20

642nd six hundred and forty-second

Utilizarea numeralului ordinal:
a)

n exprimarea datei:
August 27th, the 27th of August
I was born on the 1st of December 1966.

n engleza american: December the 1st 1966

b) pentru a indica ordinea persoanelor, lucrurilor, aciunilor n timp i spaiu
The Second World War
Henry IV (the Forth)
Susan plays only in the third act.
VI. V E R B U L ( THE VERB)
A. CATEGORIILE GRAMATICALE ( The Grammatical Categories)
I. PERSOANA ( THE PERSON )
sg.

pl.

we

II

You

You

III

He, she, it

They

II. NUMRUL ( THE NUMBER)

Obs. La persoana a III-a sg. verbul primete la timpul prezent simplu,modul indicativ,terminaia s sau
es.
Andrew plays football.
He does his homework.
III. DIATEZA ( VOICE )
1.

Diateza activ .( the Active Voice)- subiectul face aciunea.

Andrew came home yesterday.

2.

Diateza pasiv. ( the Passive Voice) -subiectul sufer aciunea svrit de verb.
The letter is written by Andrew.

3.

Diateza reflexiv nu este marcat formal n limba englez ( subiectul face aciunea i el o i sufer).

21

I wash myself every day.

IV. ASPECTUL ( THE ASPECT)
1.

Aspectul simplu ne arat c aciunea se repet sau se face n mod general.

Andrew goes to school every day. t

2.

Aspectul continuu ne arat c aciunea se desfoar n mod continuu i nentrerupt ntr-o perioad de
timp bine definit.
Andrew is going to school now.
Verbe care nu se folosesc la aspectul continuu:

verbe care arat sentimente: to love, to hate, to like, to dislike, to detest, to please, to refuse, to
prefer, to want, to hope, to wish to satisfy, to regret.

Verbe care arat activiti mentale: to think, to suppose, to belive, to agree, to know, to mean, to
forget, to intend, to notice, to remember, to imagine, to expect, to surprise, to need, to
understand.

Verbe care arat percepii senzoriale:to see, to feel, to taste, to hear, to smell, to sound, to look, to
look like, to appear.

Verbe care arat o aciune de moment: to begin, to end, to start, to stop.

Verbe modale: can, must, may ,shall, will, ought to, need, dare.

Alte verbe ca: to appear, to be, to belong, to chance, to consist, to contain, to comprise, to cost, to
connect, to contribute, to date, to depend, to deserve, to exist, to fail, to have, to hold, to include,
to matter, to mean, to possess, to resemble, to suffice, to weigh.

V.TIMPUL (THE TENSE)

1.

Cnd aciunea este bine definit n timp avem:

a)

prezent

b) trecut
c)
2.

viitor

Cnd aciunea s-a desfurat ntr-un moment anterior unui timp fix i nu este definit n timp:
a)

prezent perfect

b) trecut perfect
c)

viitor perfect

VI. MODUL (THE MOOD)

1.

Moduri personale:

22

a)

Modul indicativ.( The Indicative Mood).

b) Modul subjonctiv. ( The Subjunctive).

c)

Modul condiional. ( The Conditional).

d) Modul imperativ. ( The Imperative).

2.

Moduri impersonale:

a)

Modul infinitiv. ( The Infinitive).

b) Modul participiu. ( The Participle).

c)

Modul gerundiv. ( The Gerund).

B. VERBE TRANZITIVE SI VERBE INTRANZITIVE. (Transitive and Intransitive Verbs)

Verbul tranzitiv este verbul dup care urmeaz n mod obligatoriu un complement direct.
Andrew read Shakespeares poems.
Verbul intranzitiv nu primete complement direct i nici nu are diatez pasiv.
Andrew is reading for his exams.

C. VERBE AUXILIARE (AUXILIARY VERBS)

a)

ajut la formarea unor construcii verbale compuse:

I am singing a song.

b) nu au neles de sine stttor:

Does he finish his work?
c)

se pun la modul, timpul, numrul i persoana cerute de context:

I have my dress washed.

Verbele auxiliare sunt: TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO, TO LET, SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, WOULD.
D. VERBE MODALE (MODAL VERBS)
a)

sunt verbe speciale:

b) au echivaleni modali, deoarece nu au toate timpurile i modurile:

c)

nu primesc desinena s sau es la persoana a III-a singular a modului indicativ.

d) formele interogativ i negativ ale timpurilor prezent i trecut nu sunt formate cu ajutorul verbului
auxiliar TO DO.

23

e)

Nu au form de infinitiv i verbul care urmeaz dup un verb modal se pune la infinitivul scurt.( nu au
particula TO nici naintea lor i nici dup; excepie fcnd verbul OUGHT TO).

Verbele modale i echivalenii lor sunt:

Verb

past tense/conditional

Can

equivalent

could

Must

to be able to

May

to have to

might

to be allowed to
to be permitted to
to be possible to

Shall

should

Will

would

Ought to

Need

needed

Dare

dared

Can you speak English?

Father could solve the exercise.
She is able to do that.
You must go now.
May I open the window?
She might go there.
Thomas might have had an accident.
They will do that.
Shall I help her?
The teacher should have corrected the English tests by now.
She would see him tomorrow.
I ought to visit my parents more often.
How dare you do that?
Need I come now?
E. FORMELE VERBULUI.( VERB FORMS)
1. VERBE REGULATE ( REGULAR VERBS)

24

- formeaz trecutul i participiul trecut prin adugarea sufixului ed la infinitiv.

- prin adugarea sufixului ed unele verbe sufer modificri:
to try tried
to bake baked
to travel travelled
2.VERBE NEREGULATE (IRREGULAR VERBS)
a)

care nu sufer nici o modificare n scriere:

to beset

to hurt

to set

to bet

to knit

to shed

to bid

to let

to shut

to broadcast

to overcast

o slit

to burst

to overset

to split

to cast

to overspread

to spread

to cost

to put

to sweat

to cut

to read

to thrust

to forecast

to recast

to upset

to hit

to reset

b) care sufer o singur modificare n scriere:

la past tense i past participle sunt la fel:
abide- abode

blend-blent

clothe-clad

backbite-backbit

bless-blest

creep-crept

backslide-backslid

breed-bred

dare-dared

behold- beheld

bring-brought

deal-dealt

bend-bent

build-built

dig-dug

bereave-bereft

burn-burnt

dream-dreamt

beseech-besought

buy-bought

dwell-dwelt

bethink-bethought

catch-caugth

feed-fed

bind-bound

cleave-clove

feel-felt

bleed-bled

cling-clung

fight-fought

find-found

hamstring-hamstring

lay-laid

flee-fled

hang-hung

lead-led

fling-flung

have-had

lean-leant

25

foretell-foretold

hear-heard

leap-leapt

gainsay-gainsaid

heave-heaved

learn-learnt

get-got

hold-held

leave-left

gild-gilt

inlay-inlaid

lend-lent

gird-girt

keep-kept

light-lit

grind-ground

kneel-knelt

lose-lost

make-made

overlay-overlaid

mean-meant

overleap-overleapt

seek-sought

meet-met

overshoot-overshot

sell-sold

misdeal-misdealt

oversleep-overslept

send-sent

mislead-misled

pay-paid

shine-shone

misunderstand-misunderstood

rebuild-rebuilt

outshine-outshone

relay-relaid

shoot-shot

overfeed-overfed

rend-rent

sit-sat

overhang-overhung

repay-repaid

sleep-slept

overhear-overheard

retell-retold

slide-slid

say-said

shoe-shod

sling-slung

stave-stove

think-thought

smell-smelt

stick-stuck

tread-trod

speed-sped

sting-stung

unbend-unbent

spell-spelt

strike-struck

undersell-undersold

spend-spent

string-strung

waylay-waylaid

spell-spilt

sunburn-sunburnt

wed-wedded

spin-spun

sweep-swept

weep-wept

spit-spat

swing-swung

win-won

spoil-spoilt

teach-taught

wind-wound

stand-stood

tell-told

withhold-withheld

withstand-withstood
wring-wrung
c) verbe care sufer dou modificri n scriere:
- au forme diferite la infinitive, past tense i past participle
arise-arose-arisen

chide-chid

be-was-been

choose-chose-chosen

bear-bore-born

come-came-come

26

become-became-become

do-did-done

befall-befell-befallen

draw-drew-drawn

beget-begot-begotten

drink-drank-drunk

begin-began-begun

drive-drove-driven

bespeak-bespoke-bespoken

eat-ate-eaten

bestride-bestrode-bestrid

fall-fell-fallen

betake-betook-betaken

fly-flew-flown

bid-bade-bidden

forbear-forbore-forborne

bide-bode-bided

forbid-forbade-forbidden

bite-bit-bitten

forego-forewent-foregone

blow-blew-blown

foreknow-foreknew-foreknown

break-broke-broken

foresee-foresaw-foreseen

forgive-forgave-forgiven

lade-laded-laden

forsake-forsook-forsaken

lie-lay-lain

forswear-forswore-forsworn

misgive-misgave-misgiven

freeze-froze-frozen

mistake-mistook-mistaken

give-gave-given

mow-mowed-mown

go-went-gone

ourbit-outbade-outbid

grave-graved-graven

outdo-outdid-outdone

grow-grew-grown

outgo-outwent-outgone

hide-hid-hidden

outgrow-outgrew-outgrown

know-knew-known

outride-outrode-outridden

outrun-outran-outrun

overrun-overran-overrun

outwear-outwore-outworn

oversee-oversaw-overseen

overbear-overbore-overborne

overtake-overtook-overtaken

overcome-overcame-overcome

overthrow-overthrew-overthrown

overdo-overdid-overdone

partake-partook-partaken

overdraw-overdrew-overdrawn rid-ridden-rid
overeat-overate-overeaten

ride-rode-ridden

overgrow-overgrew-overgrown

ring-rang-rung

overlie-overlay-overlain

rise-rose-risen

override-overrode-overridden

rive-rived-riven

run-ran-run

sink-sank-sunk

saw-sawed-sawn

slay-slew-slain

see-saw-seen

smite-smote-smitten

27

sew-sewed-sewn

sow-sowed-sown

shake-shook-shaken

speak-spoke-spoken

shear-sheared-shorn

spring-sprang-sprung

show-showed-shown

steal-stole-stolen

shrink-shrank-shrunk

stink-stank-stunk

shrive-shrove-shriven

strew-strewed-strewn

sing-sang-sung

stride-strode-stridden

strive-strove-striven

undertake-undertook-undertaken

swear-swore-sworn

underwrite-underwrote-underwritten

swell-swelled-swollen

underdo-underdid-underdone

swim-swam-swum

wake-woke-waked

take-took-taken

wear-wore-worn

rear-tore-torn

weave-wove-woven

thrive-throve-thriven

withdraw-withdrew-withdrawn

throw-threw-thrown

write-wrote-written

tread-trod-trodden
undergo-underwent-undergone

A. MODURI PERSONALE

I.TIMPURILE MODULUI INDICATIV

I. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
-arat o aciune prezent, general sau o stare permanent, o idee de viitor
(EVERYDAY)
The building stands over 200 feet high.

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + V (-es persoana a III sg.)

(-s

I go to school everyday.
He goes to school everyday.
-interogativ:

DO (vb. auxiliar) / DOES (pers, III nr. Sg.) + S + V?

28

Do I go to school everyday?
Does he go to school everyday?
-negativ:

S + DO / DOES + NOT + V
I dont go to school everyday.
He doesnt go to school everyday.

II.THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

- arat o aciune care se desfoar acum, n momentul vorbirii.(NOW)
SE FORMEAZA:
-afirmativ:

S +TO BE(la prezent)+V-ING

I am going to school now.

She is singing now
-interogativ:

AM/IS/ARE+S+V-ING?

Am I going to school now?

Is she singing now?
-negativ:

S+AM/IS/ARE+NOT+V-ING
I am not going to school now.
She is not singing now.

III. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

-

arat o aciune care s-a desfurat ntr-un moment bine definit din trecut i s-a incheiat.

(YESTERDAY).
SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + V ed / II

Cu forma a-II-a pt. Verbele neregulate.

Cu terminatia ed pentru verbele regulate
I went to school yesterday.
He went to school yesterday.
I arrived home last week.
He arrived home last week.
-interogativ:

DID + S + V ?

Did I go to school yesterday ?

Did he go to school yesterday?
Did I arrived home last week?

29

Did she arrived home last week?

-negativ:

S + DID + NOT + V

I didnt go to school yesyterday.

She didnt go to school yesterday.
I didnt arrived home last week.
She didnt arrived home last week.
OBS: Timpul; momentul de desfurare a aciunii poate fi precizat printr-un adverb de timp.
Ex: yesterday, a day/ week/ month/ year ago, last week/ summer etc.
IV. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
-

arat o aciune care s-a desfurat n mod continuu i nentrerupt ntr-o perioada de timp bine
determinat din trecut (sau n acelai timp cu unul sau mai multe aciuni tot din trecut).
OBS: se traduce prin imperfect.
SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + TO BE(la trecut) +V-ing

I was talking about you all morning yesterday.
You were shopping all afternoon last week.

-interogativ:

WAS / WERE + S + V-ing?

Was I talking about you all morning yesterday ?
Were you shopping all afternoon last week?

-negativ:

S +WAS / WERE + NOT + V-ing.

I wasnt talking about you all morning.
You werent shopping all afternoon last week.

22.

THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

-arat o aciune care se va desfura ntr-un moment din viitor.

(TOMORROW)
SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + SHALL (I sg,pl) / WILL(II,III,sg,pl.) + V

He will graduate in July.

I shall go to the seaside in August.
-interogativ:

SHALL / WILL + S + V?

Shall I open the window?

30

Will you pass me the butter?

-negativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + NOT + V

I shall not go to the seaside in August.

He will not go to the seaside in August.

VI.
-

FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

arat o aciune care va fi n curs de desfurare ntr-un moment bine definit din viitor .

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + BE + V-ing.

I shall be going to the seaside this time in August.

He will be going to the seaside this time in August.
-interogativ:

SHALL / WILL + S + BE + V-ing.

Shall I be going to the seaside this time in August?

Will he be going to the seaside this time in August?
-negativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + NOT + V-ing.

We shall not be flying to London this time next year.

He will not be flying to London this time next year.
VII.THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
-

arat o aciune care s-a desfurat ntr-un trecut apropiat, este nedefinit n timp i are legtur cu
prezentul( sau se desfoar i n prezent)

se traduce prin perfectul compus dar i prin prezent.

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + HAVE / HAS + V-ed/III

-interogativ:

HAVE / HAS + S + V-ed/III

-negativ:

S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + V-ed/III

They have just arrived.

Where have they been?

They haven`t arrive yet.

31

datorita faptului c aciunea exprimat de acest timp este nedefinit,el poate fi nsoit i de

cele mai

multe ori este, de unul din urmatoarele adverbe sau locuiuni adverbiale:
-

care se pun n faa verbului:

-JUST tocmai, abia

-EVER - vreodat
-NEVER niciodat
-OFTEN - adesea
-SELDOM rareori
-ALWAYS ntodeauna
-SOOMETIMES cndva, uneori
-ALREADY deja
-RARELY rareori
-FREQUENTLY frecvent
-GENERALY n general

- care se pun la sfritul propoziiei:

-TODAY astzi
-THIS WEEK / MONTH / SUMMER
-LATELY
-RECENTLY

recent, de curnd, n ultima vreme

- OF LATE
-

yet nc (n propoziii negative)

The play has just begun.
We have not finished yet.
Have you finished your paper?
SINCE , FOR cer timpul PREZENT PERFECT n propoziiile din faa lor (deci nu n cele introduse de

ele) atunci cnd aciunea exprimat de verbul din propoziia respectiv continu pn n prezent.
SINCE de, din, de la, de cnd;(arat momentul nceperii aciunii.)
FOR (arat durata aciunii)
Susan hasnt visited Oradea since she was a little girl.
Thomas has worked in this office since he gratuated.
3

32

VIII.
-

THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

arat o aciune care a nceput de curnd i se desfoar n mod continuu i nentrerupt pn n

prezent.

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + HAVE / HAS + BEEN +V- ing

-interogativ:

HAVE / HAS + S + BEEN + V-ing?

-negativ:

S + HAVE / HAS + NOT + BEEN + V-ing.

We have been playing tennis for an hour now
We haven`t been playing tennis for an hour.
Have we been playing tennis for an hour?

IX. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

-

arat o aciune trecut anterioar altei aciuni tot din trecut.

se traduce prin mai mult ca perfectul, perfectul compus sau imperfect.

Acest timp poate fi folosit mpreun cu aceleai adverbe (locuiuni adverbiale) ca i timpul present
perfect .

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S+ HAD + V-ed / III

-interogativ:

HAD + S + V-ed / III?

-negativ:

S + HAD + NOT + V-ed / III

The teacher had not finished the lesson when the bell rang.
Had the teacher finished the lesson when the bell rang?
The teacher had not finished the lesson when the bell rang.

33

X. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

-

arat o aciune care a nceput ntr-un moment din trecut i s-a desfurat n mod continuu i
nentrerupt pn ntr-un alt moment din trecut.

Se traduce prin mai mult ca perfectul sau imperfect.

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

HAD + BEEN + V-ing.

-interogativ:

HAD + S + BEEN + V-ing?

-negativ:

S + HAD + NOT + BEEN + V-ing

Andrew had been waiting for an hour when the teacher arrived.
Had Andrew been waiting for an hour till the teacher arrived.
Andrew had not been waiting forn an hour when the teacher arrived.

XI. FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

-

arat o aciune viitoare desfurat naintea altei aciuni tot din viitor.

Se traduce prin viitor anterior i prezent.

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + HAVE + V-ed / III

-interogativ:

SHALL / WILL + S + HAVE + V-ed / III?

-negativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + NOT + HAVE + V-ed / III

I shall have finished cleaning the house by the time they arrive home.
Shall I have finished cleaning the house by the time they arrive home
I shall not have finished cleaning the house by the time they arrive home.
XII. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
-arat o aciune care va fi n curs de desfurare naintea unui moment din viitor.
-Se traduce prin viitor sau prezent.

34

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S+SHALL / WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing.

-interogativ:

SHALL / WILL + S + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing?

-negativ:

S + SHALL / WILL + NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V-ing.

They will have been working till then.

Will they have been working till then?
They will not have been working till then.
XIII. FUTURE IN THE PAST
SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S + SHOULD / WOULD + V

-interogativ:

SHOULD / WOULD + S + V

-negativ:

S + SHOULD / WOULD + NOT + V

XIV. FUTURE PERFECT IN THE PAST

SE FORMEAZ:
-afirmativ:

S +SHOULD / WOULD + HAVE + V ed / III.

-interogativ:

SHOULD / WOULD + S + HAVE + V ed / III?

-negativ:

S + SHOULD / WOULD + NOT + HAVE + V-ed / III.

Future in the past

I should go to the theatre.
He would finish the paper.
Ann told me that she would go shopping.
Future perfect in the past
The mechanic was sure that he would have finished fixing the car by the time they
came.

CONCORDANA TIMPURILOR

35

Concordanta timpurilor este un set de reguli care reglementez relaia dintre predicatul din
propoziia subordonat i predicatul din propoziia subordonat.
Principal

Secundar

a)

Prezent

Orice timp

b)

Viitor

Viitor sau Prezent

c)

Trecut

una dintre formele de Trecut ( future in the past)

(past perfect)
(past tense)

a)

Cnd verbul din propoziia principal este la un timp prezent n propoziia secundar putem folosi
orice timp:
I am sure that he will call me.
Susan is writing a book about what she saw during her travel through Europe.

b) Cnd verbul din propoziia principal este la timpul viitor, verbul din secundar poate fi la un timp
viitor sau la un timp prezent.
Ann will give us everything we need when she comes
ATENTIE!

n propoziiile subordonate circumstaniale de timp ca i n cele condiionale, nu

se folosete nici un fel de timp viitor format cu ajutorul verbelor auxiliare: shall, will, should,
would.
- Aceste propoziii pot fi introduse prin when, before, after, while, till, until, as soon as, by the time
(that), as long as, if.
- Dac propoziia subordonat este introdus prin if sau when, dar este propoziie completiv direct, se
poate folosi timpul viitor.
I am sure she doesn't know when Mary will go there.
Father wonders if John will go there.
c)

Cnd n propoziia principal predicatul este la un timp trecut n propoziiile secundare predicatele
trebuie s fie tot la un timp trecut (PAST TENSE, PAST PERFECT TENSE, FUTURE IN THE
PAST).
Tom waited in the library as teacher was writting .
My parents were sure they had never gone there before that day.
Susan promised him she would be there at 8 o`clock.

36

EXCEPII:
1) Cnd n propoziia subordonat este prezentat un adevr general valabil:
She knew very well that the Earth is round.
2) n propoziiile atributive timpul este cel cerut de context:
The girl who is near the window was my girlfriend.
3) Fraza condiional are propriile ei reguli de concordan
4) n prezentul istoric timpul trecut poate fi folosit pentru a da culoare stilului;

II. MODUL SUBJONCTIV

SE FORMEAZ:
1.

forma veche este identic cu indicativ prezent fr TO

-aceeai pentru toate persoanele att la plural ct i la singular:

Long live the king !
German be hanged !
2.

SUBJONCTIVUL PREZENT are forma de PAST TENSE excepie verbul TO BE este

WERE la toate persoanele.
I wish you understood me.
If I were you I wouldnt do that .

3.

SUBJONCTIVUL PERFECT

- Are forma de PAST PERFECT

- acesta exprim o aciune anterioar celei exprimate de verbul din propoziia principal sau o situaie
ireal imposibil.
-

Se traduce prin: conjunctiv perfect sau condiional perfect.

If Tom had been there he would have finished the work.

4. SUBJONCTIVUL ANALITIC
SE FORMEAZ:

37

A. SHOULD / WOULD + V
MAY / MIGHT

+V

WOULD

+V

COULD

+V

B. -cnd se folosete ideea de anterior + HAVE

SHALL / SHOULD + HAVE + V ed / III
MAY / MIGHT

+ HAVE + V ed / III

WOULD

+ HAVE + V ed / III

COULD

+ HAVE + V ed / III

*Se folosete dup verbele:

-TO DEMAND
-TO INSIST
-TO ORDER
-TO REQUEST
-TO PROPOSE
-TO DECIDE

+ THAT

-TO ADVICE
-TO EXPECT
-TO RECOMAND
-TO SUGEST
-TO HURRY
Ex.We advice that everybody shall be graduated the highschool.
We expect that you should have finished the book.
*n construciile:
IT + TO BE + ADJECTIV + VERB
Ex.: It is necessary

It is faire

It is advisable

It is natural

It is better

It is strange

It is vital

It is odd

It is important

It is amazing

It is right

It is ridiculos

It is desirable

It is impossible

It is wonderful

It is essential

It is essential for me that he should come in time.

38

*dup cuvintele: -desire

-request

-idea

-agreement

-intention

-domand

-proposal

-arangement

-wish

-in case

-sugestion

-however

-as if
III.MODUL CONDIIONAL
-exprim o aciune dorit sau o condiie.
1. condiionalul prezent:
SE FORMEAZ:
SHOULD / WOULD + V
2. condiionalul perfect:
SE FORMEAZ:
SHOULD / WOULD + HAVE + V-ed / III
- se traduce prin modul condiional prezent sau perfect.
Conditional prezent:
I would eat a cake .
I should write my homework .
Conditional perfect:
He would have written you soon.
He should have written you as soon as possible.

FRAZA CONDIIONAL (Adverbial Clauses of Condition)

1.

Propoziia principal arat o aciune condiionat sau dorit

2.

Propoziia subordonat arat condiia cu care se realizeaz aciunea din propoziia principal.
OBSERVATIE.Nu exist o regul care s arate ordinea celor dou propoziii dar ntre predicatele lor
exist concordan:

39

a). Verbul la modul condiional apare numai n propoziia principal cnd condiia exprimat de
propoziia subordonat este IREAL.
If he were here he would helped you.
b). n propoziia subordonat nu apare verb la modul condiional.
Ill go with you if I can.
c). Propoziia subordonat care conine condiia poate fi introdus prin:
1.

IF

2.

IF CASE

3.

ON CONDITION

4.

SUPOSSE

5.

UNLESS etc.

d). Condiia exprimat de propoziia subordonat poate fi de trei feluri i n funcie de acest lucru
apare i concordana predicatelor din cele dou propoziii:
A. CONDIIE REAL (POSIBIL).
-

timpul din propoziia principal este prezent sau viitor

Obs.: n propoziia secundar nu se folosete viitorul.

If you help me, I can go with you.
John comes home now, he will have enough time to call you.
If I am a king you will be my queen
B. CONDIIE IREAL (POSIBIL)
Obs. Condiia nu se realizeaz n prezent dar e posibil s se realizeze n viitor.
-

n propoziia SECUNDAR verbul este la SUBJONCTIV PREZENT.

n propoziia PRINCIPAL verbul este CONDITIONAL PREZENT.

If I were a king you would been my queen.

If John were here he would solved the problem.
C. CONDIIE IREAL (IMPOSIBIL)
-

Arat o condiie nerealizat i nerealizabil;

Verbul n propoziia SECUNDAR este la SUBJONCTIV PERFECT

Verbul n propoziia PRINCIPAL este la CONDIIONAL PERFECT

40

If only Andrew had been here he would have been helped you.
If I had been a king you would have been my queen.

IV. MODUL IMPERATIV

Exprim un ordin, un ndemn, o chemare, etc.
SE FORMEAZ:
LET

COMPLEMENT

n ACUZATIV +

pentru peroanele I i III sg. i plural.

Let me go!
Let the boy play!
pentru a doua : Vocativul:
Read louder, please!
Obs.: Forma negativ se formeaz cu ajutorul verbului auxiliar DO:
Dont do that!
Dont let me wait for you!

B. MODURI NEPERSONALE

I. MODUL INFINITIV
-

Este modul care denumete aciunea sau starea exprimat de verb.

TO + VERB = INFINITIV LUNG
VERB

= INFINITIV SCURT

1. Infinitivul prezent:
I try to get to the school in time .
2. Infinitvul perfect:
Alice pretended to have been watching TV when I rang her up
3. Infinitivul scurt:
Obs.: Infinitivul scurt se folosete dup:

41

a). Verbe modale;

My mother can make a very good cake.
b). Verbul TO HAVE i TO MAKE.
He makes me cry.
c). Dup verbele:
TO SEE,
TO HEAR,
TO FELL,
TO WACH,
TO OBSERVE,
TO LET,
TO HELP,
Cnd sunt la diateza activ:
Did you hear her sing last evening?
d). Dup construciile:
HAD BETTER
HAD RATHER
WOULD RATHER
WOULD SOONER
RATHER THAN
BETTER THAN
SOONER THAN
MORE THAN
CAN BUT
NOTHING BUT
I had better go now.
I cannot but go away.
II. MODUL PARTICIPIU
-

participiul are trei forme:

1. Participiul prezent
V + ing = diateza activ
BEING + V ed/III = diateza pasiv
2. Participiul perfect
-

arat o aciune anterioar celei exprimate de predicatul propoziiei.

HAVING + V ed/III = diateza activ

42

HAVING + BEEN + V ed/III = diateza pasiv

3. Participiul trecut
-

este folosit ca adjectiv, intr n compunerea timpurilor perfecte i a diatezei pasive.

V (regulat): V ed
V (neregulat): forma a III a
EXEMPLE:
Participiu prezent
We are playing now
While shopping I met my English teacher.
The film is even more interesting than I thought.
Participiu perfect
Having forgotten his keys at home, Jonh left the classroom in a hurry.
Having sent the letter, Mary left the office in a hurry.
Participiu trecut
The aged man could not ride the horse.
The pupil was called at the blackboard.
III. MODUL GERUNDIV
Gerund nedefinit
-

are aceeai form ca i participiul prezent

este format din tema verbului+ing

DIATEZA ACTIVA
-Gerund nedefinit: telling
DIATEZA PASIVA
-Gerund nedefinit: being told
Gerund perfect
-

are aceeai form ca i participiul perfect.

DIATEZA ACTIVA:
-Gerund perfect: having told
DIATEZA PASIVA
-Gerund perfect: having been told
Obs.1: Gerundul poate fi tradus n limba romn prin:
-gerunziu
-substantiv
-timp personal

43

-infinitiv sau subjonctiv

-adjectiv
Obs.2: De cele mai multe ori gerundul urmeaz.
-dup o prepoziie: TO, AT, FOR, IN
-dup anumite verbe: TO ADMIT
TO AVOID
TO CONSIDER
TO LIKE
TO DENY
TO EXCUSE
TO ENJOY
TO DOUBT
TO FINISH
TO FORGET
TO HATE etc
-dup cuvinte i expresii ca: TO BE BUSY
TO BE USELESS
TO FEEL LIKE
THAT IS
THERE IS etc
-dup TO HAVE i TO BE
-dup substantive ca: CHANCE OF
EXPERIENCE IN
INTEREST IN
RIGHT OF
USE OF etc
- dup adjective predicative ca: CAPABLE OF
ALERT IN
CONSCIOUS OF

DIATEZA PASIV (Passive voice)

Modurile i timpurile diatezei pasive
1.

ASPECTUL SIMPLU

44

A). MODUL INDICATIV (INDICATIVE MOOD)

Simple Present Tense:
I am asked a difficult question.
I am blest for this.
She is accept there
She is caught by the police
Simple Past Tense:
I was asked a difficult question
I was blest for this
He was accepted there
H e was caught by the police
Simple Future Tense:
I shall be asked a difficult question
I shall be blest for this
She will be accepted there
She will be caught by the police.
Present Perfect Tense:
I have been asked a difficult question.
I have blest for this.
He has been accepted there.
He has been caught by the police.
Past Perfect Tense:
I had been asked a difficult quuestion.
I had been blest for this.
She had been accepted there.
He had caught by the police.
Future Perfect in the Past
I shall have asked a difficult question.
I shall have been blest for this .
He will have been accepted there.
He will have been caught by the police.
Future in the Past:
I sholud be asked a difficult wuestion,.
I should be blest for this.
He would be accepted there.
He would be caught by the police.

45

B). MODUL SUBJONCTIV (SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD):

Present Subjunctive:
I be asked a difficult question.
I be blest for this.
Past Subjunctive:
I were asked a difficult question.
I were blest for this.
C). MODUL CONDIIONAL (CONDITIONAL MOOD).
Present Conditional:
I should be asked a difficult question.
I should be blest for this.
Past Conditional
I should have been asked a difficult question
I should have been blest for this
2.

ASPECTUL CONTINUU
A).

MODUL INDICATIV (INDICATIVE MOOD)

Simple Present Tense:

I am being asked a difficult question.
I am being blest for this.
Simple Past Tense:
I was being asked a difficult question.
I was being blest for this.
B). MODUL SUBJONCTIV (SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD):
Past Subjunctive:
I were being asked a difficult question.
I were being blest for this.

VORBIREA INDIRECT (Indirect Speech)

I. PROPOZIIILE ENUNIATIVE (Declarative Sentences)
1. Dac verbul din propoziia principal este la trecut se va respecta corespondena timpurilor
He said I`ll be there in time
He said that he would be there in time.

46

2. TO SAY din principal se nlocuiete cu TO TELL (se pstreaz numai cnd nu e nsoit de un CD)
I dont go there he said to me
He told me that he wouldnt go there
3. THIS devine THAT
THESE devine THOSE
TODAY devine THAT DAY
YESTERDAY devine THE DAY BEFORE
TOMORROW devine THE NEXT DAY
AGO devine BEFORE
NEXT WEEK, MONTH devine THE NEXT WEEK.
HERE devine THERE
He said Mary is here
He said that Mary was there
II. PROPOZIIILE INTEROGATIVE (Interrogative Sentences)
1. Dac verbul din propoziia principal este la trecut se va respecta corespondena timpurilor
He asked him Do you know her?
He asked him whether/if he knew her
2. Propoziia interogativ indirect e introdus prin IF sau WHETHER
He asked him Will you go there or not?
He asked him whether he would go there or not.
3. Se respect regula 3 de la propoziiile enuniative
III. PROPOZIIILE IMPERATIVE (Imperative Sentences)
1. Aceste propoziii se redau n vorbirea indirect cu ajutorul infinitivelor
-

Un ordin

Un sfat
Come here the colonel ordered his soldier
The colonel ordered his soldier to come there.
Dont fail again she said to him

47

She told him not to fail again.

2. Adjectivele, pronumele i adverbele determinative se nlocuiesc dup neles:
Tom suggested Tell her to be here at seven
Tom suggested that he should be there at seven.

NTREBRI DISJUNCTIVE (Tag questions)

Reguli:
1. Atunci cnd n propoziia stimul se afl un VERB AUXILIAR sau MODAL, acesta se repet n
ntrebarea disjunctiv la semn invers.
Mary is at home, isnt she?
My parents arent at home, are they?

2. Atunci cnd n propoziia stimul se afl un VERB OBINUIT, n ntrebarea disjunctiv se folosete
verbul auxiliar TO DO la acelai timp i la aceeai persoan.
Lucy has finished here paper, hasnt she?
They havent went there, have they?
3. Forma negativ a VERBULUI AUXILIAR sau MODAL din ntrebarea disjunctiv este n totdeauna
contrar (am) not?, isnt, didnt, cant, etc.
I am here, am I not?
4. Subiectul ntrebrii disjunctive este ntotdeauna pronumele corespunztor subiectului propoziiei stimul
He will graduate, will he?
5. Atunci cnd ntrebarea disjunctiv este doar o exclamaie VERBUL AUXILIAR sau MODAL este
folosit la acelai semn cu predicatul propoziiei stimul.
You will tell me the truth, will you?
6. ntrebarea disjunctiv este desprit de propoziia stimul prin VIRGUL
Susan is here, isnt she?

48

CAPITOLUL II
TESTE DE LIMBA ENGLEZ
TESTUL NR. 1
1.

Andrew Tom last month.

a). Met
b). Has met
c). Meets
d). Meet

2.

Oil is lighterwater.
a).

Then

b).

Than

c).

Thou

d).

From

49

3.

4.

We have. dinner at 7 oclock p.m. every day.

a).

The

b).

c).

An

d).

Thatshould be shot .
a). Wolf
b). Wolves
c). Wolfls
d). Wolfes

5.

My cat caugth three.

a). Mouce
b). Mouse
c). Mice
d). Mouses

6.

The farmer has a few .

a). Goose
b). Geese
c). Gooses
d). Geeses

7.

are our permanent clients.

a). Housewife
b). Housewifes
c). Housewives
d). House-wife

8.

London`s theatre is at the Barbican Arts Centre.

a). Older
b). Oldest
c). More older
d). The most old

50

9.

Richard.lived in the 15 th century

a). The three
b). The third
c). Third
d). Thirth

10. The plural of ox is:

a). Oxes
b). Oxsen
c). Oxen
d). Oxeses
11. The problem wasdifficult than he told me.
a). Less
b). Little
c). The least
d). The lesser
12. They hadmoney than Tom.
a). Few
b). Little
c).

The lesser

d). Less
13. I haven`t gotquestion to ask.
a). Some
b). No
c). Any
d). Each
14. Behave!
a). Yourself
b). Herself
c). Ourselves
d). My self
15. of children came to see the Zoo.

51

a). Hundreds
b). Hundred
c). Handreds
d). Handred
16. Nelson`s Column isn`t in front of St. Paul`s Cathedral,?
a). Isn`t?
b). Is it?
c). Aren`t they?
d). Was it?
17. I have toohomework to do.
a). Many
b). Much
c). Enough
d). Some
18. I`ve already taken. photos.
a). twelf
b). twelve
c). twelfe
d). twelves
19. Tom his head in shame.
a). Bowed
b). Bow
c). Bawed
d). Bown
20. I like Mary`s dress.
a). Dont
b). Doesnt
c). Hasnt
d). Havent
21. The Roman soldiers whoBritain were part of the best army in the wold.
a). Has invade

52

b). Invaded
c). Invade
d). Had invade
22. Tellpeople not to go here.
a). Those
b). This
c). That
d). Thees
23. My mother alwaysme do my homework before 8 oclock p.m.
a). Been made
b). Made
c). Has made
d). Had made
24. Hecollecting them for years.
a). Hes been
b). Had been
c). Havent
d). Have
25. The fountain with the statue of Eros on top is a favoriteplace for young people.
a). Meet
b). Meeting
c). Met
d). Mets
26. JohnRichard to the throne.
a). Succeeded
b). Had succeeded
c). Has succede
d). Have been succeed
27. The Great Domethe second largest in the world.
a). Are
b). Was
c). Could be

53

d). Is
28. I had a terrible headache as Ifor hours.
a). Had been typing
b). Have been typing
c). Had typed
d). Have typed
29. Madame Tussand`s...wax models of famous historical characters.
a). Showed
b). Exhibit
c). Exhibits
d). Showeds
30. After a time all those living in Britainas Britons.
a). Became known
b). Become known
c). Become knowed
d). Was known
31. Passengers proceed to..to board the plane.
a). Security Check
b). Departure
c). Arrival
d). The Gate
32. Admiral Nelson`s statue is in..
a). Westminster Abbey
b). Piccadilly Circus
c). Trafalgar Square
d). St.Paul`s Cathedral
33. Who were executed at the Tower on Henry VIII`s orders.
a). Thomas More
b). Michelle Howard
c). John Boleyn
d). Catherine Bright

54

34. One of the Towers main attractions are.

a). The walls
b). The gates
c). The warders
d). The keys
35. Some of the best shops in London are in:
a). Oxford Street
b). Carnaby Sterrt
c). Kensington Street
d). Victorian Street
36. Beowulf was written down in:
a). Old English
b). Old Irish
c). Old Scotish
d). Old French
37. Val Moir decided to turn her hobby into a full-time.
a). Hobby
b). Job
c). Work
d). Idea
38. The opposite of flat is:
a). Brass
b). Fine
c). Rough
d). Bumpy
39. Fred Crouter is:
a). An engineer
b). A psychologist
c). A reporter
d). A worker

55

40. Where did Holden Caulfiled get off the train:

a). At Penn Station
b). At Victoria Station
c). At South Station
d). At Wilde Station
41. Holden is back in..
a). New Jersey
b). New York
c). San Francisco
d). Los Angeles
42. Odd means:
a). strange
b). heavy
c). easy
d). soft
43. Who is Angel Clare?
a). Tess` husband
b). Tess` lover
c). Tess` cousin
d). Tess` father
44. Where is Caesar killed?
a). In the Senate house
b). In the market place
c). In front of the public
d). Near his house
45. What is The Catcher in the Rye?
a). A poem
b). A story
c). A short novel
d). A description

56

TESTUL NR.2
1.

They go tochurch every Sunday.

a). The
b). an
c). a
d). -

2.

Mister Smith,.teacher, is an Englishman.

a). The
b).
c). a
d). an

3.

Myare teachers.
a). Sisters-in-law
b). Sister-in-laws
c). Sisters-in-low
d). Sister-in-lows

4.

Tom and John are .

a). Businessman
b). Businessmen
c). Bussinessmans
d). Businnesmens

5.

Mother`s advicealways good.

a). Are
b). Is
c). Were
d). Have been

6.

The plural of child is:

a). Childs
b). Childes
c). Children
d). Childrens

57

7.

I havevery bad headache.

a).
b). a
c). some
d). each

8.

This wasidea not mine.

a). Them
b). Him
c). His
d). Ours

9.

Ihelped them to build the house.

a). Myselves
b). Myself
c). No one else
d). Me

10. On Sunday we can enjoy

a). Us
b). Ourselves
c). One another
d). Themselves
11. On the table there is a box.
a). Nice, small, red
b). Small, nice, red
c). Red, small, nice
d). Nice, red, small
12. The cake that I made was .. than yours.
a). Good
b). The best
c). Better
d). The betters

58

13. The Woolsackthe importance of wool.

a). Symbolises
b). Is symbolieng
c). Symbolizes
d). Symbolize
14. books did you take?
a). Which
b). Whom
c). Who
d). Witch
15. There were fourbooks.
a). Hundred
b). Handred
c). Hundreds
d). Handreds
16. The policeafter the thief.
a). Are
b). Is
c). Have been
d). Run
17. Marys luggage...very heavy.
a). Are
b). Is
c). Were
d). Has
18. The newsvery important for me.
a). Is
b). Are
c). Were
d).
19. Nowadays the Towerone of the worlds great tourist attractions.

59

a). Had become

b). Has became
c). Has become
d). Have became
20. Hehis room yet.
a). Has clean
b). Hasnt cleaned
c). Isnt cleaned
d). Doesnt cleaned
21. Stanstedin the 1980`s.
a). Were built
b). Was built
c). Have been built
d). Has been build
22. MaryTom for two years.
a). Had known
b). Have known
c). Was know
d). Were know
23. Those looking for entertainmentmiss Piccadilly Circus.
a). Would not
b). Should not
c). Will
d). Shall not
24. Last week Ito an exhibition of paintings in the Barbican Art Centre.
a). Went
b). Go
c). Goes
d). Gone
25. Did youthese apples?
a). Has like

60

b). Liked
c). Likes
d). Like
26. Nelson`s Column isn`t in front of St`Paul`s Cathedral, ..?
a). Isn`t it
b). Is it
c). Aren`t they
d). Was it?
27. I have toohomework to do.
a). Many
b). Much
c). Enough
d). Some
28. The informationuseful for everybody.
a). Are
b). Is
c). Were
d). Have been
29. The glass covered walkway a splendid view of the river.
a). Is giving
b). Give
c). Gives
d). Has given
30. JohnRichard to the throne.
a). Succeeded
b). Had succeded
c). Has succeded
d). Have been succed
31. When arriving at the airport, passengers usually take a
a). Tickket
b). Trolley

61

c). Flight
d). Boarding pass
32. Some of the great paintings of the world are in .
a). Barbican Arts Centre
b). Madame Tussand`s
c). British Museum
d). The National Gallery
33. When the Tower became the chief prison of state?
a). In the time of Henry VIII
b). In the time of Edward II
c). In the time of King John
d). In the time of Charles II
34. Most tourist prefer to admire London from:
a). The upper deck of an open bus
b). A black-cab taxi
c). The Official London Transport
d). Peter Pans statue
35. People seldom go to.in London.
a). Restaurants
b). Pubs
c). Cafes
d). Inns
36. Beowulf is:
a). An Anglo-Saxon story
b). A heroic poem
c). An old English story
d). An epic story
37. Some of the most impressive collections were those belonging to.
a). Girls
b). A boy
c).

Children

62

d).

Grown-ups

38. The opposite of transparent is:

a). Brittle
b). Opaque
c). Rigid
d). Hollow

39. Crouter`s oldest newspaper is a 1669 issue of:

a). Britain Chronicle
b). London Chronicle
c). Oxford Chronicle
d). Nebraska Chronicle
40. Who is the devils disciple
a). Richard Dudgeon
b). Francis Macomber
c). Anthony Anderson
d). Morris Townsend
41. Who is Holden Caulfield sister?
a). Sally
b). Phoebe
c). Jane
d). Susan
42. to reckon means :
a). To consider
b). To recognise
c). To realise
d). To reveal
43. to brace means:
a). To get firmness
b). To be good
c). To get wealthy

63

d). To be well
44. corny means:
a). crazy
b). banal
c). easy
d). dump

45. Who is the president of the Court-Martial scence:

a). Gentlemanly Johnny
b). Major Swindon
c). Richard Dudgeon
d). Anthony Anderson

TESTUL Nr.3
1.

The rich should help..poor.

a). A
b). Some
c).
d). The

2.

Mary will dine withwhites.

a).
b). the
c). a
d). an

3.

They told me about the.

a). Tariff
b). Tarif
c). Tarives
d). Tarifs

64

4.

Please, buy me aof milk chocolate.

a). Item
b). Slice
c). Bar
d). Bit

5.

His baggagehere a few minutes a go.

a). Was
b). Were
c). Is
d). Are

6.

Thoseare very interesting.

a). Photos
b). Photoes
c). Phothos
d). Fothos

7.

The plural of wife is:

a). Wifes
b). Wive
c). Wives
d). Wifeses

8.

Tom proved..to be a very good student.

a). His self
b). Himself
c). Itself
d). Ourself

9.

He is our.
a). Lieutenant-colonel
b). Colonel-lieutenant
c). Leutenant colonel
d). Colnel-leutenant

10. She never gotanswers from him.

65

a). Some
b). Any
c). An
d). No
11. Big Ben is. famous clock in London.
a). very
b). a
c). more
d). the most
12. My friends are going to spend their holidaysthe mountains.
a). In
b). At
c). On
d). To top
13. Peoplego to pubs in London.
a). Rather
b). Seldom
c). Usually
d). Rarely
14. Most tourists prefer to admire London fromdeck of an open bus.
a). The upper
b). The uppest
c). Upper
d). Upperst
15. World War started in 1914.
a). Two
b). One
c). The first
d). The second
16. The informationuseful for everybody.
a). Are

66

b). Is
c). Were
d). Have been
17. I knew what was written in the article because I it.
a). Had been reading
b). Had read
c). Have read
d). Had reading
18. Richard the Lionheart`s chancellorthe first expansion of the Towers defences.
a). Has begin
b). Began
c). Begun
d). Was begun
19. The Union Jackof three crosses: of England, Scotland and Ireland.
a). Consisted
b). Consist
c). Consists
d). Has consisted
20. All of themsome money.
a). Hes
b). Haven`t
c). Had
d). To have
21. The play was wonderful. I wish you.
a). Had come
b). Came
c). Has came
d). Have come
22. The glass covered walkway.a splendid view of the river.
a). Is giving
b). Give

67

c). Gives
d). Has given
23. By tradition there .. ravens at the Tower from its very beginnings.
a). Has
b). Have been
c). Has been
d). Had been
24. I`ll ..my homework before six oclock.
a). Have written
b). Has written
c). Has write
d). Had wrote
25. I.the long streets in central London with stylish houses.
a). Liked
b). Adored
c). Am likenig
d). Adore
26. By six oclock, theyll.tea.
a). Had had
b). Have had
c). Have have
d). Had have
27. You want me to play the piano, .?
a). Don`t you
b). Didn`t you
c). Will you
d). Shall you
28. It is high time you..decide upon your future.
a). Would
b). Should
c). Shall

68

d). Will
29. Alice is a very good friend of.
a). Mine
b). One
c). My
d). Him
30. If John I could have told him the truth
a). Had come
b). Has come
c). Has came
d). Had came
31. Every passenger shows his passport for Passport Control before going through..
a). Departure Lounge
b). Check-in-Counter
c). Security Check
d). The Gate
32. .Is a fine example of Gothic architecture.
a). St.Paul`s Cathedral
b). British Museum
c). Westminster Abbey
d). Buckingham Palace
33. Who spent a lot to make the Tower one of the finest medieval castles of 13th century England?.
a). Edward I
b). Henry III
c). William of Normandy
d). King John
34. West End theatres are just few minutes` walk from:
a). Kensington Gardens
b). Peter Pan`s statue
c). Piccadilly Circus
d). London Zoo

69

35. Covent Garden is the home of:

a). The Royal Opera
b). Royal Festival
c). South Bank
d). Museum of the Moving Image
36. The theme of Beowulf is:
a). Killing dragons
b). Fighting dragons
c). Dragons`death
d). Following dragons
37. A boy had contributed his collection of .
a). Carrier bags
b). Rocks and fossils
c). Cuddly toys
d). Hand-painted plates
38. The opposite of hard is:
a). Soft
b). Solid
c). Flexible
d). Rigid
39. Fred Crouter is collecting:
a). Old books
b). Old pictures
c). Newspapers
d). Paintings
40. Who is Jim?
a). Huck`s friends
b). A runnaway slave
c). Huck`s father
d). Huck`s brother

70

41. What does it mean argument?

a). Debate
b). Solution
c). Element
d). Reason
42. Who is Alec D`Urbervilles?
a). Tess` brother
b). Tess` lover
c). Tess` husband
d). Tess` father
43. What does it mean regular?
a). Normal
b). Seldom
c). Sometimes
d). Always
44. What does it mean phone booth?
a). phone box
b). phone house
c). phone signal
d). phone scene
45. Give synonym to casual.
a). Chance
b). Case
c). Close
d). In case
TESTUL NR.4
1.

Susan is ..honest person

a). The
b).
c). A
d). An

71

2.

The sun rises in.east.

a). The
b). A
c).
d). an

3.

..Duke of Wellington is buried at St.Paul`s Cathedral.

a).
b). Himself
c). The
d). A

4.

The plural of leaf is:

a). Lives
b). Leafs
c). Leaves
d). Leafes

5.

Help.to a chocolate.
a). Me
b). Us
c). Yourself
d). Ourself

6.

John came home late..night.

a).
B). At
C). At the
D). In

7.

In small towns like that, everyone knows..

a). Everybodies
b). Everyone
c). Everythings
d). Nothing

72

8.

Andrew wants to become.. engineer.

a). b). The
c). A
d). An

9.

Ultimately,.., Beowulf received his own death.

a). Nevertheless
b). Anyway
c). Finally
d). Hoppesly

10. Some of.shop in London are in Regent Street.

a). The better
b). The best
c). Worse
d). The worst
11. My English in bad, but yours is.
a). Badder
b). Worst
c). Worse
d). Baddest
12. The jack used to be the name of the flag.was hung from the back of a ship.
a). Whom
b). Who
c). Which
d). What
13. Fewer and..people belive in happiness.
a). Loss
b). Few
c). Fewer
d). Fewest
14. The man..I spoke was very polite.

73

a). To whom
b). Whom
c). To who
d). Which
15. My flat is on the..floor.
a). Nineth
b). Ninth
c). Nine
d). Nineteen
16. The famous saying Time is money is English,.?
a). Is it?
b). Was it?
c). It was?
d). Isn`t it?
17. I was afraid he might get asleep as he.since early morning.
a). Had driven
b). Had been driving
c). Have driven
d). Have been driven
18. The National Gallery.one of the richest collection of paintings.
a). Houses
b). Housed
c). House
d). Has housed
19. Susan..anybody there since early this morning.
a). Haven`tseen
b). Hasn`t seen
c). Hasn`t see
d). Hadn`t see
20. Andrewbreakfast yet.
a). Hasn`t finished

74

b). Had finish

c). Has finished
d). Has finish
21. I...never go to the seaside on December.
a). Wouldn`t
b). Will
c). Will been
d). Will be
22. William of Normandy.the building of an earth-and-timber castle.
a). Has ordered
b). Had ordered
c). Ordered
d). Was ordered
23. .you join us for dinner?
a). Shall
b). Would
c). Will
d). Should
24. She.five husbands.
a). Have have
b). Has had
c). Has have
d). Had had
25. I.how the English can be so self-controlled when they lose time.
a). Understand
b). Can`t understand
c). Could understand
d). Wouldn`t understand
26. Londons Carnaby Street attractedof tourists every year.
a). Thousand
b). Thousands
c). Thausant

75

d). Thausent
27. Tom and Peter..hands.
a). Have shaken
b). Has shaken
c). Have shake
d). Has shake
28. The Mods most important possessions.their scooters.
a). Was
b). Were
c). Have been
d). Had been
29. If I am a king, you.my queen.
a). Are
b). Will be
c). Would be
d). Should be

30. She becomes fair when her husband finally. her.

a). Obeyed
b). Obeys
c). Obey
d). Obeying
31. At thepassengers receive a boarding pass.
a). Departure Lounge
b). Arrival
c). Check-in-Counter
d). Passport Control
32. London`s oldest theatre is at:
a). The Barbican Arts Centre
b). Piccadilly Circus
c). 10 Downing Street

76

d). Trafalgar Square

33. When the royal accommodation changed from the White Tower to a new building?
a). During the reign of Edward I
b). During the reign of Henry III
c). During the reign of King John
d). During the reign of Henry VIII
34. In London you have tofor the bus
a). Wait
b). Qeue
c). Queue
d). Qiueue
35. Children will always choose:
a). Regents Park
b). Hyde Park
c). St.James`s Park
d). Victoria`s Park
36. .was triumphantly welcomed by his people.
a). Wiglaf
b). Hrothgar
c). Beowulf
d). Grendel
37. My favorite was a collection of.:
a). Small perfume bottles
b). Hand-painted plates
c). Rocks and fossils
d). Cuddly toy
38. The opposite of high is:
a). Low
b). Wide
c). Tiny
d). Long

77

39. contains a copy of the U.S. Constitution

a). Pennsylvania Packet
b). London Chronicle
c). Connecticut Journal
d). Nebraska Journal
40. Which of the following is a sequel to The adventures of Tom Sawyer:
a). The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
b). A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur`s Court.
c). Life on the Mississippi
d). The Adventures of Negro Jim
41. What is Julius Caesar?
a). a tragedy
b). a novel
c). a Roman historical play
d). a chronical play
42. What is Stonehenge?
a). An abbey
b). A prehistoric temple
c). A castle
d). A modern temple
43. Dawn means:
a). down
b). dear
c). daybreak
d). sunset
44. Morris Townsend refuses to leave N.Y. because:
a). He loves Catherine
b). He has a job there
c). He has family responsabilities there
d). He doesn`t need such a job

78

45. Holden gave the cab driver the wrong address:

a). Because he was tired
b). Out of habit
c). Because he was drunk
d). Because he was in a hurry

TESTUL NR.5
1.

..lions are wild animals.

a). any
b). the
c). some
d). -

2.

It was important day for him.

a). An
b). A
c).
d). some

3.

It was. year full of happiness.

a). A
b). An
c). The
d).

4.

.British Museum shows the works of man from prehistoric times

a). an
b).
c). the
d). a

5.

The plural of foot is:

a). Foots

79

b). Feets
c). Feet
d). Footes
6.

She bought.a new hat.

a). Her
b). Herself
c). Of herself
d). Of himself

7.

She told me that.is ready.

a). Everything
b). Both
c). Somebodies
d). Anybodies

8.

Flying today is. way of travelling.

a). The safer
b). The safest
c). Saffer
d). Saffeler

9.

Mary has. reason to be upset.

a). Either
b). Each
c). Everything
d). Every

10. She is . as I am.

a). As happy
b). Not happy
c). As happier
d). Happiest
11. Children will always choose. which houses London Zoo.
a). Oxford`s Park
b). Regent`s Park

80

c). Coven`s Park

d). Kensington`s Park
12. In London you have to queuebus.
a). For the
b). For
c). To the
d). At the
13. Life was difficult in .. days.
a). These
b). This
c). That
d). Those
14. Alice isthan Lusan.
a). Beautiful
b). More beautiful
c). The most beautiful
d). Not as beautiful
15. On Christmas Day.,William Duke of Normandy, was crowned king of England.
a). Ten sixty six
b). One o sixty-six
c). One thousand and sixty-six
d). Ten and sixty-six
16. The bell is alsowhen passengers ring for me of the cabin crew.
a). Heard
b). Hearing
c). Ringging
d). Been ringing
17. For me it was as if someoneme a pair of magic glasses.
a). Give
b). Had given
c). Haven`t given

81

d). Gaves

18. We. hands and said good bye.

a). Shake
b). Shook
c). Has shaking
d). Had shouk
19. Mary.in the living-room as I was dressing.
a). Has wait
b). Had wait
c). Waited
d). Has waited
20. Has he.the news?
a). Heard
b). Hear
c). Heared
d). Hearing
21. At night the Circus.a mass of colored changing lights.
a). Became
b). Become
c). Becomes
d). Becomed
22. John and Maryin the mountains since June.
a). Hasnt
b). Hasnt been
c). Havent been
d). Hadnt been
23. The child. anything in the the morning.
a). Didn`t eat
b). Doesn`t eaten
c). Didn`t ate

82

d). Don`t ate.

24. The Wife of Bath.a lot.
a). Had travelled
b). Has travelled
c). Have travelle
d). Has travell
25. Only if you .you will succeed.
a). Will try
b). Has tried
c). Try
d). Are trying
26. Tomher twice till now, but she hasnt answered.
a). Has written
b). Have written
c). Had write
d). Had wrote
27. If youyou will succeed.
a). Tried
b). Has try
c). Shall try
d). Will try
28. When a manof London he is tired of life.
a). Tired
b). Was tired
c). Is tired
d). Had tired
29. If I had been a king you. my queen.
a). Will be
b). Would have been
c). Have been
d). Would be

83

30. John, a carpenter, discovers that his wife, Alison,.unfaithful to him for some time.
a). Had been
b). Has been
c). Have been
d). Had be
31. When the Fasten your seat belts and signs light up a bell rings.
a). No Starting
b). No Smoking
c). No Moving
d). No Landing
32. Those looking for entertainment should not miss:
a). Piccadilly Circus
b). St.Paul`s Cathedral
c). Tower Bridge
d). Great Dome
33. Who completed the first expansion of the Tower`s defences?
a). Richard
b). King John
c). Henry IV
d). Edward I
34. For a change visit., London`s most famous outdoor market.
a). Petticoat Lane
b). Victorian arcades
c). Mayfair`s
d). Piccadilly Circus
35. The hot spots of music and dance are located near:
a). Kensington Gardens
b). Leicester Square
c). James` square
d). Covent Garden

84

36. Grendel killed the men of.

a). Hrothgar
b). Horhtgar
c). Hortgar
d). Hrohgar
37. An unusual collection was one entered by a .
a). Railway enthusiast
b). Geology enthusiast
c). Boy
d). Girl
38. The opposite of wide is:
a). Short
b). Light
c). Tall
d). Narrow
39. I wouldn`t part with them for any.
a). Price
b). Reason
c). Body
d). Thing
40. Who is Holden`s sister:
a). Susan
b). Jane
c). Phoebe
d). Alison
41. Who is Catherine suitor?
a). Sloper
b). Townsend
c). Morraise
d). Hayes
42. How many times was Caesar offered the crown?

85

a). Once
b). Twice
c). Three times
d). Four times
43. Hardy`s first masterpice is:
a). Far From Madding Crowd
b). Jude the Obscure
c). Victorian archades
d). The Story of Stonehendge
44. pillar means:
a). Column
b). Stone
c). Instrument
d). Ornament
45. At hand means:
a). Closen
b). At the moment
c). Always
d). Near
TEST NR.6

1.

Jane wants to becomedoctor.

a).
b). A
c). The
d). An

2.

Tom is coming home at. Christmas.

a). The
b).
c). a
d). nexet

86

3.

The horse is. useful animal.

a). The
b). An
c). d). A

4.

The plural of tooth is:

a). Teet
b). Teeth
c). Tooths
d). Toothes

5.

..got there in time.

a). Much
b). Neither
c). Him
d). Her

6.

When I am playing tennis I cant think ofelse.

a). Anything
b). Something
c). Nothing
d). Anybody

7.

In soccer the best players are paid hugeof money.

a). Sum
b). Sama
c). Sums
d). Sumes

8.

Sometimes I`m completely.

a). Hope
b). Hoppelless
c). Hopeless
d). Hopeful

9.

He seems to find my project very.

87

a). Attract
b). Attractive
c). Attractlessing
d). Attractable
10. I don`t know where you find all. energy.
a). That
b). Thes
c). These
d). Those
11. I`ve always considered him a . person.
a). Rely
b). Reliable
c). Relions
d). Reliant
12. Has she heard from that friend ofwho was there?
a). Her
b). Then
c). She
d). Hers
13. I used to see him.a week.
a). Twice
b). Too times
c). Two times
d). Two time
14. ..had we walked in when we saw the first exhibit.
a). No sooner than
b). Scarcely
c). Hardly
d). Right then
15. His father is a wealthy man;isn`t .
a). My

88

b). Mine
c). His
d). Him
16. Now I the all the paintings were really beautiful.
a). Found
b). Find
c). Has find
d). Had founding
17. London is even more beautiful than I.
a). Thought
b). Had thought
c). Think
d). Has been thinking
18. An ugly womanto a man.
a). Maried
b). Have married
c). Is married
d). Are married
19. I wish you.the piano every day.
a). Would sing
b). Will sing at
c). Would play
d). Will play
20. Youopen the window if you want to.
a). May
b). Can
c). Could
d). Have
21. .I give my exam right now?
a). May
b). Must

89

c). Will
d). Shal
22. People and pigeons.at Trafalgar Square to see fountains.
a). Are gathering
b). Gather
c). Gathers
d). Has gathers
23. Chief Yeoman Warderthe keys to the monarchs representative in the Tower.
a). Show
b). Present
c). Presents
d). Shows
24. Her lawyeryou where I am.
a). Will tell
b). Shall tell
c). Would told
d). Is telling
25. The film. starting in ten minutes.
a). Can be
b). Must be
c). Had be
d). May
26. Ithe Tower yet.
a). Haven`t seen
b). Hasn`t seen
c). Wasn`t seen
d). Weren`t seen
27. If I were a king you.my queen.
a). Would be
b). Would have been
c). Will be

90

d). Should be
28. I`ll be learning the poem when you.
a). Arrived
b). Are arriving
c). Arrive
d). Has arrive
29. Pity you. with us!
a). Haven`t come
b). Didn`t come
c). Doesn`t come
d). Don`t came
30. It. important that I had finished the book in time.
a). Were
b). Has been
c). Will be
d). Was
31. When you hear the announcement for your flight you proceed to..?
a). Departure Lounge
b). The Gate
c). Check-in-Counter
d). Security Check
32. Coming out of the National Gallery, tourists can admire:
a). Nelsons Column
b). Queen Victorias memorial
c). Great Dome
d). The Royal Guards
33. Who ordered the building of the earth-and-timber castle?
a). Edward I
b). William of Normandy
c). Richard the Lionheart
d). Henry VIII

91

34. You can find fashionable discos and night clubs near:
a). Mayfair`
b). Petticoat Lane
c). Leicester Square
d). Covent Garden
35. The world famous Royal Opera is situated in:
a). Covent Garden
b). Leicester Square
c). Kensington Gardens
d). National Theatre
36. Beowulf pronounced.his successor.
a). Grendal
b). Kalevala
c). Wiglaf
d). Roland
37. I have recently visited an exhibition in:
a). Stoke-on-Trent
b). Stone-on-Tent
c). Staik-on-Tent
d). Stroke-on-Trent
38. The opposite of huge is:
a). Tiny
b). Wide
c). Long
d). Short
39. The pilgrims met at:
a). Tanner Inn
b). Taben Inn
c). Tabeard Inn
d). Tabbard Inn

92

40. Choose the right matches:

a). The Decameron-Chaucers
b). Beowulf-Boccacio
c). The Canterbury Tales-Chaucer
d). The Arabian Nights-Abbey
41. What do the Roman citizens think of the conspirators when Antony`s speech is over?
a). They are patriots
b). They are trailors
c). They are innocent
d). They are honourable men
42. The antonym of enemy is:
a). Friend
b). Lover
c). Lawyer
d). Guest
43. Tess murdered:
a). Angel
b). Alec
c). Clare
d). The policeman
44. To glisten means:
a). To wisper
b). To be glad
c). To move
d). To shine brightly
45. proper means:
a). Well
b). Correct
c). Possible
d). Suitable

93

TESTUL NR.7
1.

She was very famous person.

a). The
b).
c). a
d). an

2.

The horse is useful animal.

a). A
b). An
c).
d). some

3.

Stansted was built to relieve the congestion of.Heathrow.

a). The
b). In
c).
d). a

4.

The plural of tomato is:

a). Tomatos
b). Tomatoes
c). Tomatoses
d). Tomato

5.

The exercise is notdifficult.

a). Too
b). Just
c). Nearly
d). yet

6.

That engine goes by.

a). Himself
b). His self
c). Itself
d). Themselves

94

7.

..wants peace and not war.

a). Somebody
b). Someone
c). Everybody
d). Anybody

8.

Thefell from the tree.

a). Lives
b). Leaves
c). Leafs
d). Lifs

9.

The thieves stole watches and.

a). Radioes
b). Radio
c). Radios
d). Radies

10. The poor woman threwunder the train.

a). Himself
b). Herself
c). Itself
d). Themselves
11. Have you heard.?
a). The news
b). The questtion
c). The knews
d). The new
12. Susan went into the househim.
a). Rather
b). Befored
c). Over
d). After

95

13. Those wolves killed the.

a). Sheep
b). Sheeps
c). Sheepes
d). Sheepoes
14. Susan has learn a dozen of poemsheart.
a). At
b). To
c). By
d). From
15. Peter has broken hisknife.
a). Nasty
b). Sweet
c). Favourite
d). Interesting
16. I had difficulties in understanding what the artist.
a). Mean
b). Had meant
c). Have mean
d). Have meant
17. Isay I admire London more than like it.
a). Should
b). Would
c). Will
d). Shall
18. Our teacherto listen to gossip.
a). Doesn`t like
b). Don`t like
c). Hasn`t like
d). Didn`t liked
19. Susan and Andrew.come to see us.

96

a). Might
b). Can
c). Mights
d). Are able to
20. ..good reviews of that exhibition.
a). Had read
b). Have red
c). Reading
d). Had been read
21. If I were you I . to that doctor.
a). Couldn`t go
b). Shouldn`t go
c). Wouldn`t go
d). Will not go
22. Nowadays, there are about 40 yeoman Warders, whowithin the walls of the Tower.
a). Lives
b). Live
c). Lived
d). Is living
23. I.hours on end in London`s fabulous museums.
a). Could spend
b). Could spent
c). Would spent
d). Will spent
24. Where have you?
a). Was
b). Were
c). Be
d). Been
25. The airport at Gatwick alsoa lot of international flights.
a). Hands

97

b). Handels
c). Handles
d). Has handels
26. I hatelies.
a). To tell
b). To speak
c). To ask
d). Tell
27. The numerous parksshelter from the noise of the city.
a). Offers
b). Offer
c). Make
d). Makes
28. The police promised me that theythe thief.
a). Shall found
b). Shall finding
c). Would find
d). Will found
29. If you tell them now theyenough time to solve the problem.
a). Will have
b). Shall have
c). Would have
d). Should have
30. Susan told us that her husbandjust arrived.
a). Have
b). Had
c). Has
d). Have has
31. Clear Customs by taking.if you have anything to declare.
a). Red Channel
b). Green Channel

98

c). White Channel

d). Yellow Channel
32. Queen Victorias memorial is in front of:
a). Westminster Abbey
b). Buckingham Palace
c). Trafalgar Square
d). Barbican Arts Centre
33. Richards brother was:
a). Henry VIII
b). Edward I
c). Henry II
d). John
34. We can find street entertainers till late at night near:
a). Oxford St.
b). Mayfairs
c). Leicester Square
d). Petticoat Lane
35. The black-cab taxi service is available but it is rather..
a). Expensive
b). Modern
c). Speedy
d). Wide
36. Beowulf managed to kill the dragon with the aid of.
a). Danish king
b). King John
c). Wiglaf
d). Grendal
37. The first exhibit displayed above us was a collection of..
a). Carrier bags
b). Old cameras
c). Small pefume bottles

99

d). Beatles`records
38. Choose the possible association:
a). Rigid, flexible, narrow
b). Heavy, light, striped
c). Law, short, tiny
d). Oval, light, tall
39. The pilgrims went to:
a). Canterbury
b). Canterbary
c). Cunterburry
d). Canterbarry
40. wrote The Canterbury Tales.
a). Gershwin
b). Chaucer
c). Goffrey
d). Boccaccio
41. Whom does Holden ask about the ducks fate:
a). Phoebe
b). His sister
c). The taxi driver
d). His friend
42. position means:
a). Level
b). State of fact
c). Rank
d). Job
43. to depend on means:
a). To trust
b). To rely on
c). To be certain about
d). To belive for

100

44. wild means:

a). Uncontrolled
b). Big
c). Uncivilised
d). Desolate
45. vacation means:
a). trip
b). holidays
c). free time
d). time to spent

TESTUL NR.8

1.

Andrew likes to eat.good food.

a). The
b). A
c).
d). An

2.

After a few days Mark lost..courage.

a).
b). the
c). a
d). an

3.

Hampstead is at 58 meters below.ground.

a).
b). Some
c). A
d). The

4.

The plural of city is:

a). Cities
b). Cityies

101

c). Citys
d). Cityis
5.

He has bought a new.of furniture.

a). Part
b). Bit
c). Piece
d). Slice

6.

Clear Customs if you have.to declare.

a). Anything
b). Something
c). Nothing
d). Somebody

7.

Mother is..cook I know.

a). The best
b). Better
c). The better
d). The most

8.

A.dog was barking behind the door.

a). Black, little, nice
b). Nice, little, black
c). Little, black, nice
d). Black, nice, little

9.

..45 seconds a plane takes off or lands at Heathrow.

a). Each
b). Every
c). Either
d). Whatever

10. The little dog you `ve found is.

a). Them
b). My
c). For theirs

102

d). Mine
11. They made it.
a). Himself
b). Themselves
c). Ourselves
d). Yourselves
12. Andrew is the .in the class.
a). Tallest
b). More taller
c). Most tallest
d). Taller
13. Wrenis buried at St.Paul`s Cathedral.
a). His
b). Him
c). Himself
d). Herself
14. The..were invited at school.
a). Pupils` parents
b). Pupil`s parent
c). Pupils` parent
d). Pupiles parent`s
15. I was born on the:
a). December three
b). First of December
c). Dicember first
d). Decembre first
16. I.it was worth it.
a). Hoped
b). Has hope
c). Had hope
d). Have hope

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17. London is where the majority of big business in Britain..

a). Did
b). Is do
c). Was did
d). Is done
18. He..his room yet.
a). Has clean
b). Hasn`t cleaned
c). Isn`t cleaned
d). Doesn`t cleaned
19. The first group..in the newspapers in the late 50s were the Teddy Boys.
a). To see
b). To be see
c). To be seen
d). Was see
20. Theyto stay at home this evening if it rains.
a). Will
b). Going
c). Was going
d). Are going
21. Stansted.in the 1980s.
a). Were built
b). Was built
c). Have been build
d). Has been build
22. A boy.by his history teacher to tell the story of Queen Elizabeth and Sir Walter Raleigh.
a). Was asked
b). Has been ask
c). Had been ask
d). Had ask

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23. Gershwin.to compose music for the upper layers.

a). Haven`t want
b). Had not wanted
c). Has not want
d). Hadn`t want
24. MaryTom for two years.
a). Had known
b). Have known
c). Was know
d). Were know
25. It`s a pity London.so many problems.
a). Had
b). Have
c). Is having
d). Has
26. If I had stopped at Brasov we would.very late.
a). Should get back
b). Would get back
c). Got back
d). Have got back
27. They complained that they..all day.
a). Has been singing
b). Had sang
c). Had been singing
d). Have sing
28. Last week I.to an exhibition of paintings in the Barbican Art Centre.
a). Went
b). Go
c). Goes
d). Gone
29. If father were here he.us the money.

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a). Would give

b). Would gave
c). Will give
d). Will given
30. She..to finish the book in time.
a). Will be able
b). Shall be able
c). Are able
d). Is able
31. Follow the..sign if you are ending your journey.
a). Departures
b). Arrival
c). Passport Control
d). Departure Lounge
32. The most famous libraries in the world are at:
a). The British Museum
b). Barbican Arts Centre
c). Buckingham Palace
d). The National Gallery
33. Henry III`s son was:
a). Edward I
b). Henry IV
c). Richard the Lionheart
d). John
34. You may also want to have a book at Mayfair`s elegant Vitorian
a). Market
b). Arcades
c). Art gallery
d). Pubs
35. In London there is a ..network of public transport.
a). Large

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b). Sort
c). Big
d). Wide
36. When Beowulf had reigned.years, his kingdom was invaded by a fiery dragon.
a). 20
b). 30
c). 10
d). 50
37. Julie visited a fascinating exhibition with:
a). Lizzie
b). Catherine
c). Jane
d). Susan
38. Choose the possible association:
a). High, heavy, opaque
b). Woodon, brass, cotton
c). Plain, concrete, striped
d). Peach, purple, floral
39. The Canterbury Tales is a frame-story collection ofstories.
a). 10
b). 42
c). 24
d). 29
40. The Canterbury Tales is made up of:
a). Two pats
b). Four parts
c). Three parts
d). Five parts
41. Who accompanied Huck on his voyage?
a). His sick father
b). Tom

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c). Joe
d). Jim
42. Where do Angel and Tess find refuge at night?
a). At Stonehenge
b). At Stratford
c). At Stonhenges
d). At Straford
43. What is General Burgoyne`s nickname?
a). Gentlemanly Johnny
b). Gentle Johnny
c). Johnny the Brave
d). Getlemenly Johny
44. Who is dr.Sloper?
a). Morris` uncle
b). Catherine`s father
c). Sally`s father
d). James` teacher
45. phony means:
a). Crazy
b). Telephoning
c). Banal
d). Hypocritical

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109

REZULTATELE TESTELOR
TESTUL NR.1
1a, 2b, 3d, 4a, 5c, 6b, 7c, 8b, 9b, 10c, 11a, 12d, 13c, 14a, 15a, 16b, 17b, 18b, 19a, 20a, 21b, 22a, 23b, 24b,
25b, 26a, 27d, 28b, 29c, 30a, 31d, 32c, 33a, 34c, 35a, 36a, 37b, 38d, 39b, 40a, 41b, 42a, 43a, 44a, 45c.
TESTUL NR.2
1d, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6c, 7b, 8c, 9b, 10b, 11a, 12c, 13c, 14a, 15a, 16a, 17b, 18a, 19c, 20b, 21b, 22a, 23b, 24a,
25d, 26b, 27b, 28b, 29c, 30a, 31b, 32d, 33a, 34a, 35b, 36b 37c, 38b, 39b, 40a, 41b, 42a, 43a, 44b, 45b.
TESTUL NR.3
1d, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5a, 6a, 7c, 8b, 9a, 10b, 11d, 12a, 13b, 14a, 15a, 16b, 17b, 18b, 19c, 20c, 21a, 22c, 23b, 24a,
25d, 26b, 27a, 28b, 29a, 30a, 31c, 32c, 33a, 34c, 35a, 36b, 37b, 38a, 39c, 40b, 41a, 42b, 43a, 44a, 45a.
TESTUL NR.4
1d, 2a, 3c, 4c, 5c, 6b, 7b, 8d, 9a, 10b, 11c, 12c, 13c, 14a, 15b, 16d, 17b, 18a, 19b, 20a, 21b, 22c, 23c, 24b,
25b, 26b 27a, 28b, 29b 30b, 31c, 32b 33b, 34c 35a, 36c, 37a, 38a, 39a, 40a, 41c, 42b, 43c, 44c, 45b.
TESTUL NR.5
1d, 2a, 3a, 4c, 5c, 6b, 7a, 8b, 9d, 10a, 11b, 12a, 13d, 14b, 15a, 16a, 17b, 18b, 19c, 20a, 21c, 22c, 23a, 24b,
25c, 26a, 27d, 28c, 29b, 30b, 31b, 32a, 33b, 34a, 35b, 36a, 37a, 38d, 39a, 40c, 41b, 42c, 43a, 44a, 45d.
TESTUL NR.6
1b, 2b, 3d, 4b, 5b, 6a, 7c, 8c, 9b, 10a, 11b, 12d, 13a, 14c, 15b, 16a, 17a, 18c, 19c, 20b, 21b, 22b, 23c, 24a
25b, 26a, 27a, 28c, 29b, 30d, 31b, 32a, 33b, 34c, 35a, 36c, 37a, 38a, 39d, 40c, 41b, 42a, 43b, 44d, 45b.
TESTUL NR.7
1c, 2a, 3c, 4b, 5a, 6c, 7c, 8b, 9c, 10b, 11a, 12d, 13a, 14c, 15c, 16b, 17b, 18a, 19a, 20a, 21c, 22b, 23a, 24d,
25c, 26a, 27b, 28c, 29a, 30b, 31a, 32b, 33d, 34c, 35a, 36c, 37a, 38c, 39a, 40b, 41c, 42d, 43b, 44a, 45b.
TESTUL NR.8
1c, 2a, 3d, 4a, 5c, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9b, 10d, 11b, 12a, 13c, 14a, 15b, 16a, 17d, 18b, 19c, 20d, 21b, 22a, 23b, 24a,
25d, 26d, 27c, 28a, 29a, 30a, 31b, 32a, 33a, 34b, 35d, 36d, 37a, 38b, 39c, 40a, 41d, 42a, 43a, 44b, 45c.

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BIBLIOGRAFIE
Bdescu, L.Alice, Gramatica limbii engleze, Editura tiinific i Enciclopedic, Bucureti, 1984;
Eckersley, C.E. and Eckersley, J.M., A Comprehensive English Grammar for Foreign Students, London,
1966;
Gleanu Frnoag, Georgiana, Sinteze de gramatic englez, Editura Albatros, Bucureti, 1987;
Gleanu Frnoag, Georgiana, Comiel, Ecaterina, Gramatica limbii engleze, Editura Omegapres
Editura Lucman, Bucureti, 1996;
Cobb Timothy and Gardiner Richard, Todays English Grammar, Editura Prietenii Crii, Bucureti, 1994;
Levichi, Leon, Preda, Ioan, Gramatica limbii Engleze, Editura 100+1 Gramar, Bucureti, 1999:
Vian, Monica, Metod rapid de nvare a gramaticii limbii engleze, Editura Viitorul romnesc, 1992.
Manualele prevzute n programa colar, ediia 1998: English My Love, Limba englez manual pentru
clasa a XI-a (anul VII de studiu), Limba englez manual pentru clasa a XII-a (anul VIII de studiu).
Textele:
Unit.I: Lessons 1,2,3,4,7;
Unit.II: Lessons 1,3,4,6,7;
Unit.III: Lessons 1,2,3.
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;
Washington Square;
The Catcher in the Rye(Streams A and C);
The Tragedy of Julius Caesar;
The Devil`s Disciple.

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