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CAPITOLUL 7
APLICAII LA ANALIZA VIBRAIILOR LOCALE
PRIN METODE ANALITICE
7.1. Sisteme mecanice cu un grad de libertate
7.1-1. Un echipament cu masa m este montat cu ajutorul unei grinzi avnd dimensiunile
din figur. S se calculeze pulsaia proprie a vibraiilor longitudinale ale sistemului.
Obs. Neglijm masa proprie a grinzi elastice.
2
m &x& + kx = 0 &x& + 0 x = 0
k
m
N l
l =
EA
0 =
0 =
k = N l =1 =
EA
ml
f0 =
EA
l
0
1 EA
=
2 2 m l
Fig.7.1-1.
7.1-2. Se consider arborele cu dimensiunile din figur: l, EI , ncastrat n punte i cu
o mas m concentrat la captul liber.
a) S se determine pulsaia proprie i legea de micare pentru x 0 dat.
b) Considernd c amortizarea structural este de = 2% din amortizarea critic s se
determine legea de micare pentru x 0 dat.
c) S se determine rspunsul dinamic stabilizat i tranzitoriu dac asupra masei m
acioneaz o for armonic F = F0 sint , x 0 = 0, v 0 = 0 .
a) m&x& + kx = 0
&x& + 0 2 x = 0
0 =
x (t ) = A cos( 0 t + )
k
m
M (x ) m (x )
1
F l3
dx = ( F x ) ( x )dx =
EI
EI 0
3EI
0
l
k = F =1 =
3EI
0 =
l3
Fig.7.1-2.a
t = 0 x (0) = x 0 = A cos
Fig.7.1-2.b
3EI
l3 m
Capitolul 7
= 0 , A = x0
x (t ) = x 0 cos 0 t
&x& + 2x& + 0 2 x = 0
b) m&x& + cx& + kx = 0
2 =
c
m
k
m
; 0 =
r1, 2 = 2 02 = i 02 2 = i 0
r 2 + 2 r + 02 = 0
0 = 0
Amortizarea critic
2 = 02
c cr = 2 km
t = 0 x (0) = x 0 = A cos
tg =
A sin =
= 2 = 0,04
0
x0
0
A 2 cos 2 + sin 2 = x 02 +
2 2
x0
02
2
= x 0 1 + 4 2 = x 0 1,0008
2
0
0 = 02 2 = 0 1 4 2 = 0 0,9992
&x& + 2 x& + 02 x =
F0
sin t
m
(sin t )
(cos t )
(
(
F0
m
2
2
A p sin p + 2 A p cos p + 0 A p sin p = 0
2 A p cos p 2 A p sin p + 02 A p cos p =
)
)sin
F0
m
+ 2 A p cos p = 0
A p 02 2 cos p 2 A p sin p =
Ap
2
2
0
Ap
2
0
2 2
+ 4 A p
2
tg p =
F
= 02
m
Ap =
117
2
2 02
F0 m
2
02
+ 4 2 2
Capitolul 7
Ap
A cos =
sin p + cos p
0
A = A p sin 2 p +
tg =
0 sin p
sin p + cos p
1
( sin p + cos p ) 2
2
0
7.1-3. Pentru sistemul elastic arbore din problema anterioar, aflat pe nav aflat ntrun doc uscat la t = 0 se produce un cutremur de pmnt avnd acceleraia orizontal
&& = a sin t .
Fig.7.1-3.
a) Notm cu x (t ) deplasarea masei m n sistemul absolut fix de axe i avem ecuaia:
m &x& + c x& & + k (x ) = 0
innd cont c n relaia forei de amortizare i redresare intr componentele relative ale
vitezei i deplasrii, lund ca referin sistemul legat de puntea navei.
m(&x& &&) + c x& & + k (x ) = m &&
Notm X = x deplasarea orizontal relativ a masei m fa de puntea navei (baz)
&& + c X
& + kX = m && = m a sin t = m a sin (t + ) , m a = F
mX
0
Considernd doar rspunsul dinamic stabilizat, avem :
2
c
a
k
X(t ) = A sin (t + ) ; = + arctg 2
; A=
; 2 = ; 0 =
2
2
m
m
0
2 2 + 4 2 2
b) A =
ma
2
2 4 2 2
m 02 1 2 +
04
0
= A st
1
2
2 4 2 2
1 2 +
04
0
118
A st =
m a F0
=
m02 k
Capitolul 7
m a = F0
m 02 = k
1
2
4
1 2 +
04
0
2
=
2
A = A st
M st F0 l
=
W
W
F0 l
ma l
=
W
W
Fig.7.1-4.a
Fig.7.1-4.b
=
11 =
Fig.7.1-4.c
k
1
=
m
m
Sistem static nedeterminat : 11 X1 + 10 = 0 (metoda eforturilor)
l+a
m12 ( x )
1
l3
dx =
x 2 dx =
3 EI
EI
EI 0
( l+a )
l
M 0 ( x ) m1 ( x )
1 l3
1
l2
=
=
+
a
dx
(
x
+
a
)
xdx
0
EI
EI 3
2
EI 0
3
1 l 3 a
1 +
3 a
EI 3 2 l
X1 =
= 1+
3
2 l
1 l
EI 3
10 =
Fig.7.1-4.d
119
Capitolul 7
M + (+a) - (1 +
22 =
22
m 22 ( x )
(l ) EI dx
3 a
)=0
2 l
M=
a
2
1 a 3 a
1 a2
1
==
x dx +
( x ) 2 dx =
EI 0 2 2 l
EI 4l 2
EI 0
=
a3
0 (l 3x ) dx + 3 EI =
l
l
a2
a3
1 a2
= 2 l2x + 3 x3 3 x 2 l
+
2 (l 2 + 9 x 2 6 xl)dx +
0
3 EI
4l EI
EI 4l 0
a3
a2
a3
3
3
3
=
l
+
3
l
+
3 EI
4l 2 EI
3 EI
3
2
a
l
a
(4a + 3l ) 0 = 1 = 2
=
4 + 3 =
m a
12EI
a 12EI
+
3EI
(4a + 3l ) m
Fig.7.1-5.a
Avem cazul cnd forele de excitaie nu acioneaz direct asupra masei sistemului.
uij (t) = F0j ij j(t) i cum forele sunt armonice, rezult: j(t) = j sinjt
Obs. Nu exist amortizare i deci defazajul este nul j = 0.
1
1
multiplicatori dinamici i 02 =
j =
pulsaia proprie
2
m 33
j
1 2
0
u3(t) = F01 31 1 sin 1 t + F03 33 3 sin 3 t
Fig.7.1-5.b
120
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.1-5.c
33 =
31 =
l
2
1 x
l3
1
1 l3 1 l3
2
dx +
+
=
( x ) dx =
EI 0
4EI 3 EI 3 8 8EI
EI 0 2
l
2
EI
l
2
x x
1 x x l
dx =
EI 0 2 2 2
2 2 dx +
0
l
2
l
2
l3
l2
1
1
1 l3
l3
2
2
=
=
x dx +
x x l dx =
+
l
32 EI
4EI 0
4EI 0
4EI 3 8 3 8
2 4
02 =
8EI
ml 3
0 =
2 2EI
l ml
Fig.7.1-6.a
Fig.7.1-6.b
0 =
k
=
m
l
2
1
m
m 2 (x)
= 22 =
dx
EI( x )
(l)
1
1
22 =
( x ) 2 dx +
EI 0
2EI
3 l3
1
1 l3
3l 3
l ( x ) dx = EI 3 8 + 3 2EI l 8 = 16EI
l
121
Capitolul 7
sau 22 =
=
=
l
2
l
2
l
2
1
1
1
1
( x l) 2 dx +
( x ) 2 dx =
( x 2 2 xl + l 2 ) dx +
( x ) 2 dx =
2EI 0
EI 0
2EI 0
EI 0
1 l3 l3 l3
1 l3
3l 3
=
+ +
2EI 24 4
16EI
2 EI 24
3l 3
4 EI
de unde: 0 =
16EI
l 3ml
Fig.7.1-7.a
Fig.7.1-7.b
1
m 11
0 =
X 22 22 + 20 = 0
Fig.7.1-7.c
Fig.7.1-7.d
l3
1
=
( x ) 2 dx =
EI 0
3 EI
22
20 =
a
a
a 2 (2a + 3b )
1
1
1 a3 a 2b
=
( x ) ( x + b) dx = ( x 2 + xb) dx = +
EI 0
EI 3
EI 0
6EI
2
20
a 2 (2a + 3b )
a 2 (l + b )
X2 =
3EI =
=
22
2l 3
6EI l 3
b
X2
1
11 = 2 x 2 dx +
[(X 2 1) x + X 2 b] 2 dx =
EI 0
EI 0
=
X 22 b 3 1
+
EI 3 EI
0 =
2 a
(
X
1
)
+ X 2 (X 2 1) b a + X 22 b 2 a
2
3
1
m 11
122
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.1-8.a
u1(t) = F0 12 sin t
F0 12 = u1st
u1d = u1st
0 =
1
m 11
=
1
1
2
02
Fig.7.1-8.b
Fig.7.1-8.c
l
3
2l
3
4 1 l3
1 1 23 l 3
4 l3
1 2
1
1
11 =
+
=
x dx +
x dx =
EI 0 3
EI 0 3
9 EI 3 33
9 EI 3 33
35 EI
12
0 =
l
3
l
3
l
3
1 2 x
1 2l x l x
1 x 2x
x dx +
+ dx +
dx =
EI 0 3 3
EI 0 9 3 9 3
EI 0 3 3
1 2 l3
2 l2 l
l
l2
1 l3
2
+
=
EI 9 3 33
9 2 3 9 3 2 3 2 9 3 33
l3
117 l 3
117 l 3
3
=
=
2
2
+
3
2
+
3
2
1458 EI
2 36 EI
2 36 EI
35 EI
9
3 EI
=
3
2l m l
m 4l
123
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.1-8.d
117 l
F0sint
1458 EI
Sub aciunea forei statice F0, momentul static maxim este:
F 2l 2F l
solicitarea dinamic maxim: Md = Mst
Mst = 0 = 0
3 3
9
3
u1(t) =
d =
Md
W
Fig.7.1-9.a
Fig.7.1-9.b
Fig.7.1-9.c
Fig.7.1-9.d
124
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.1-9.e
1
m 33
0 =
10 =
X1 11 + 10 = 0
2 l3
l3
2 x
=
dx =
EI 0 2
4 EI 3
6 EI
l
l l2
l3
1 x x
1 x
1 l3
1 l3
x
+
=
dx +
l dx =
4EI 3
4EI 3 2EI 2
4 EI
EI 0 2 2
EI 0 2
2
10
3
l 3 6 EI
X1 =
=
3 =
11
4 EI l
2
Fig.7.1-9.f
33 =
M (x)
dx
EI
(l)
V12 33 =
3
+ = 0
2
l
V1 =
l
1
4
V2 = 1 +
l
3 1
5 1
9
=
=
2 4
2 4
4
2
l3
l3
1 x
1
1 5x l
1
2
+
+
dx +
( x ) dx +
+ dx =
EI 0 4
EI 0
EI 0 4 4
16 EI 3
3 EI
l
1 25 1 5
1
l2
l3 1
1 25x 2 5
+ +
+ + =
+
+ x l + dx =
EI 0 16
EI 16 3 3 16 3 16 16
8
16
60 l 3
5 l3
l3
(1 + 16 + 25 + 15 + 3) =
33 =
48EI
48 EI
4 EI
2
EI
0 =
l 5ml
30 0 rot
n0
0 =
n0 =
min
30
125
Capitolul 7
7.1-10. Se consider bara cotit din figur cu masa m concentrat. Asupra masei m
acioneaz fora exterioar F0sint orizontal.
S se determine:
a) pulsaia proprie.
b) valoarea tensiunilor dinamice maxime n ncastrare.
Se consider drept grad de libertate doar deplasarea pe orizontal.
1
0 =
m
Fig.7.1-10.a
Fig.7.1-10.b
X 2 22 + 20 = 0
3l
2
m (x)
1
1 3l 1
1 3l
1 9l 2
2
(
)
dx
=
dx
+
x
dx
=
l +
(l) EI(x )
EI 0 2
3EI 0
EI 4
3EI 2 3
3 21 l 3
l3 9
+
=
EI 4 8 3 3
8EI
Fig.7.1-10.d
Fig.7.1-10.c
l
M ( x ) m( x )
1
1 3l x 2 3l 2 l
3l 3
3l
20 =
dx =
=
( x l) dx =
x
2
EI( x )
EI 0
EI 2 2
4EI
2
0
(l)
126
Capitolul 7
X2 =
20
2
3l 3 8EI
=
=
3
22
4EI 21 l
7
Fig.7.1-10.e
M=
=
2 3l
4l
-l =
7
7 2
2
3l
2
M (x)
1
4
1
2x
(l) EI(x ) dx = EI 0 x 7 l dx + 3EI 0 7 dx =
l
l
4
1 3l
1 2 8
1 l 3 4l 2 16 3
16
x lx + l 2 dx +
=
l + l +
7
49
EI 0
3 49EI 3 2
EI 3
7
49
4
1 3l
5 l3
=
3 49EI 3 2
42 EI
0 =
42 EI
5 m l3
=
1
1
2
02
Sub aciunea forei F0 momentul maxim este n ncastrare:
M
4l
F0 Md = Mst d = d
Mst =
7
W
127
Capitolul 7
[F]
{u} = {u 1 , u 2, u 3 }T
Fig.7.2-1.a
m1
[M ] = 0
0
0
m2
0
0 2m 0 0
2 0 0
0 = 0 m 0 = m 0 1 0
0 0 4
m 3 0 0 4m
11
[F] = 21
31
12
22
32
Fig.7.2-1.c
Fig.7.2-1.b
a
a
m a (x) m b (x)
1
1
(b>a) =
( x ) ( x b + a )dx =
[ x 2 + x (b a )]dx =
dx =
EI 0
EI 0
EI
0
a
ab
=
13
23
33
1 x 3 x 2 (b a ) a 1 a 3 a 2
0=
+
+ (b a )
EI 3
EI 3
2
2
l
2 l3
2 l3
11 =
=
3
27 6 EI 162 EI
2l
8 2 l3
16 l 3
a=b=
22 =
=
3
27 6 EI 162 EI
27 2 l 3
54 l 3
a=b=
33 =
=
27 6 EI 162 EI
a=b=
128
ab =
a 3 3b
1
6EI a
Capitolul 7
162 EI
8 28 54
2 5 8
m l3
[D] =
5 16 28
162 EI
8 28 54
2 0 0
3
0 1 0 = m l
162 EI
0 0 4
4 5 32
10 16 112
16 28 216
162 EI
162 EI 1
162 EI
=
2 =
3
3
ml
ml
m l3
Problema pulsaiilor proprii devine:
4
5
32
4 5 32
1 0 0
ml 3
10 16 112 0 1 0 = 0 10 16
112 = 0
162EI
16 28 216
0 0 1
16
28
216
Notm cu: =
1 j
d 22 j
d 23 2 j = 0
d 32
d 33 j 3 j
d 13 2 j (d 11 j )
d12
2 j , 3 j
=
d 22 j d 23 3 j d 21
Din calcul numeric rezult:
{1 } = {1 3,46 6,62}T { 2 }= {1 1,24 0,237}T { 3 } = {1 1,52 0,123}T
d 11 j
1 j = 1 d 21
d 31
d12
d13
[M ] =
Fig.7.2-2.a
129
m1
0
0
2 0
= m
m2
0 1
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.2-2.b
l
2
Fig.7.2-2.c
l3
2 x
2 1 l3
11 =
=
dx =
EI 0 2
EI 4 3 8
48 EI
l
1
22 =
EI 0
21 = 12 =
x
l3
1
5
l3
l3
1 4
2
(
)
dx
+
x
dx
=
+
=
EI 0
16 3 EI 3 EI 16 4
4 48 EI
4
l
2
1 x
EI 0 2
l
2
l
2
l
x
1 x x l
xdx =
dx =
dx +
EI 0 2 4 4
8 EI 0
4
l
l2
3
l3
=
8 EI 4 2
4 48 EI
3
4 3
l3 1 4
l3
[F] =
=
3 5
48 EI
192 EI 3 5
4 4
m l 3 4 3 2 0
m l3
=
[D] = [F][M] =
192 EI 3 5 0 1 192 EI
1
=
2
8 3
6 5
192 EI
192 EI 1
=
=
=
3
ml
m l 3 2
192 EI
m l3
8 3
2
6 5 = 0 (8 ) (5 ) -18 = 0 40-8 -5 + -18 =0
2 -13 +22 =0 1, 2 =
8 j
6
3
5 j
1, j
=0
2, j
13 13 2 4 22
13 9
=
1 = 2 , 2 = 11
2
2
1, j = 1 (5 j ) 2 j = 6 2, j =
130
6
5j
Capitolul 7
[M ] =
m1
0
0
1 0
= m
m2
0 1
Fig.7.2-3.a
Fig.7.2-3.c
Fig.7.2-3.b
l
2
11 =
l3
1
2 l3
2
=
( x ) dx =
EI 0
24 EI
48 EI
22 =
l3
1
16 l 3
2
=
( x ) dx =
EI 0
3 EI
48 EI
l
l
2
l
2
l
l
1
1 2
1 l3 l l 2 5 l3
( x ) x dx =
x + x dx =
+ =
EI 0
EI 0
EI 24 2 8 48 EI
2
2
3
2 5
[F] = l
48 EI 5 16
m l 3 2 5
[D] = [F][M] =
48 EI 5 16
21 = 12 =
2 = ,
48 EI
48 EI 1
=
=
3
ml
m l 3 2
2
5
= 0 (2 ) (16 ) -25 = 0 2-18 +7 =0
5
16
1, 2 = 9 81 7 = 9 74
48 EI
m l3
1 = 0,4 , 2 = 17,6
5 1, j
2 j
5
1, j = 1 (16 j ) 2 j = -5 2, j =
=0
5
16 j 2, j
16 j
131
Capitolul 7
0 1
0 m2
1
l3
2 l3
2
11 =
=
( x ) dx =
2EI 0
6 EI 12 EI
l
22 =
=
Fig.7.2-4.a
1
1
2
( l )2 dx =
( x ) dx +
EI 0
2EI 0
l3
l3
5 l 3 10l 3
+
=
=
3 EI 2EI 6 EI 12EI
Fig.7.2-4.c
Fig.7.2-4.b
21 = 12 =
[F] =
l l2
1
l3
3 l3
=
=
( x ) ( l )dx =
2EI 0
2EI 2
4EI
12 EI
l3
12 EI
2 3
3 10
[D] = [F][M] =
1
2 ,
m l3
12 EI
2 3
3 10
12 EI
=
m l3
12 EI
m l3
2
3
= 0 (2 ) (10 ) -9 = 0 2-12 +11 =0 1 = 1 , 2 = 11
3
10
3 1, j
2 j
3
1, j = 1 (10 j ) 2 j = -3 2, j =
=0
3
10 j 2, j
10 j
{ 2 } = {1 3}
2 =
12 EI
11 m l 3
132
Capitolul 7
[D] {} = {}
1
2
2 5 8
2 0 0
l3
[F] =
[M ] = m 0 1 0
5 16 28
162EI
8 28 54
0 0 4
4 5 32
ml 3
[D] = [F] [M ] =
10 16 112
162EI
16 28 216
Fig.7.2-5
a) Determinarea primului mod de vibraie
[D1 ] = [D] i [D1 ] {1 } = 2 { 1 }
Se iniializeaz procesul iterativ prin adoptarea unui vector propriu oarecare :
iter 0
(0)
T
(0)
T
1 = {1,3,6} (se poate iniia cu 1 = {1,1,1} , dar sunt necesare mai multe iteraii)
iter 1
4 5 32 1
211
1
(1)
( 2)
1
unde 211 = 1
(0)
{ }
iter 2
4 5 32 1
233,012
1
( 2)
( 2)
1
unde 233,012 = 1
{ }
(1)
{ } { } = 0,001
( 2)
1
1 =
(1)
1
1
=
233,012
233,012
i {1 } = {1 3,46 6,617}
ml
162EI
= 0,8338
133
EI
m l3
Capitolul 7
{1 }T [M ] { 2 } = 0
m
i =1
i1 i 2 = 0
11 = 12 = 1
11 m1 12 + 21 m 2 22 + 31 m 3 32 = 0
2 + 3,46 22 + 6,617 4 32 = 0
1 = 1,73 22 13,234 32
1 0 1,73 13,234 1
{ 2 } = 22 = 0
1
0 22 = [S1 ]{ 2 }
0
0
1 32
32
0 1,92 20,936
4 5 32 0 1,713 13,234
iter 0
T
Considerm iniial
(20) = {1 1,2 0,2}
iter 1
1
1,8832
0 1,92 20,936 1
( 0)
[D 2 ] 2 = 0 1,3 20,340 1,2 = 2,508 = 1,8832 1,332
0,248
0,4672
0 0,32
4,256 0,2
{ }
{ }
(21)
{ }
(1)
2
iter 2
[D 2 ] { }
(1)
2
0 1,92 20,936
= 0 1,3 20,340
0 0,32
4,256
1
2,6346
1
( 2)
( 2)
2
2
0 1,92 20,936
= 0 1,3 20,340
0 0,32
4,256
1
2,586
1
( 3)
( 3)
2
2
0 1,92 20,936
= 0 1,3 20,340
0 0,32
4,256
1
2,569
1
( 4)
( 4)
2
2
{ }
iter 3
[D 2 ] { }
( 2)
2
{ }
iter 4
[D 2 ] { }
( 3)
2
{ } { } 0
( 4)
2
2 =
( 3)
2
1
2,569
{ }
= 7,941
EI
T
i { 2 } = {1 1,246 0,237}
3
ml
134
Capitolul 7
{ 2 }T [M ] { 3 } = 0 12 m1 13 + 22 m 2 23 + 32 m 3 33 = 0
11 = 1 , 13 = 1 , 12 = 1
1 + 1,73 23 + 13,234 33 = 0
2 + 3,46 23 + 4 6,617 33 = 0
1 + 0,623 23 0,474 33 = 0
2 + 1,246 23 4 0,237 33 = 0
23 = 12,383 33
1,107 23 + 13,708 33 = 0
1 = 13 = (1,73 12,383 13,234) 33 = 8,188 33
8,188 1
1 0 0
{ 3 } = 23 = 0 0 12,383 23 = [S2 ]{ 3 }
0 0
1 33
33
0 0 2,845
ml 3
[D3 ] = [D] [S2 ] =
0 0 4,328
162EI
0 0 0,316
[D 3 ] { 3 } = 3 { 3 }
3 =
0,316 ml 3
[D 3 ] { 3 } =
162EI
1,521 = 3 { 3 }
0,111
162EI
EI
T
= 22,642
i { 3 } = {1 1,521 0,111}
3
3
0,316 m l
ml
Fig.7.2-6.a
Fig.7.2-6.b
135
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.2-6.c
( 4 j )l
1
i
j
1 i
i
j
1
i
j
ij =
1
xdx
+
x
+
1
i
l
1
xdx
+
x xdx =
EI 0 4 4
EI il 4
EI 0 4 4
4 4
jl
il
3
1 i
j i3 l3 i
j j3 i 3 l 3 i
j j2 i 2 l 2 i j (4 j) l 3
l
+
1
1
i
1
3
2
4 4
3
EI 4 4 3
4 4
4
4
3
l
(4 i ) (4 j) i 3 i (4 j) (j3 i 3 ) + 3 i (4 i ) (4 j) (j2 i 2 ) + i j (4 j)3
ij =
48EI
2
l3
36 = 33
48EI
11 =
12 =
3
35 l 3
l3
3
2
3
3
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
2
=
48EI
48EI
2
3
3
l3
16 l
3
2
3
3
1
3
3
1
3
+
=
48EI
48EI
2
3
3
3
l
14 l
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
23 =
=
48EI
48EI
2
36 35 16
1 0 0
36 35 16
3
l3
ml 3
; ml =
[F] =
;
[
]
;
35
64
14
M
=
m
0
1
0
D
F
M
=
35
64
14
[
]
[
]
[
]
48EI
48EI
48EI
16 14 36
0 0 1
16 14 36
[D1 ] {1 } = 1 {1 } 1( 0) = {1 1 1}T
l3
64
48EI
22 =
13 =
{ }
36 35 16 1
87
1
1
36 35 16 1 93,66
1
1
( 2)
(1)
(2)
[D1 ] 1 = 35 64 14 1,3 = 128,84 = 93.661,376 , 93,66 = 1 1 = 1,376
0,657
0,657
16 14 360,76 61,56
36 35 16 1
94,672
1
1
(3)
(2)
(3)
[D1 ] 1 = 35 64 141,376 = 132,262 = 94,6721,397 , 94,672= 1 1 = 1,397
58,916
0,622
0,622
16 14 360,657
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
{ }
[D1 ] { }
(3)
1
36 35 16 1
94.847
1
1
(4)
(4)
= 35 64 141,397 = 133,116 = 94,8471,403 , 94,847= 1 1 = 1,403
57,95
0,611
0,611
16 14 360,622
{ }
{ } { } = max{0,006;0,011} = 0,011
( 4)
1
EI
T
, { 1 } = {1 1,403 0,611}
3
ml
Obs. Modurile de ordin superior se determin analog aplicaiei 7.2-5.
( 3)
1
136
= 0,711
Capitolul 7
F1 ( t ) = F01 sin t
F20 = 2 F0
F2 ( t ) = F02 sin t
F30 = 0
descompunere modal
j=1
M j = m i ij ik
{ } [M]{ } =
T
0
relaii de ortogonalitate
2
{ j }T [K ]{ k } = j M j j = k
j k
0
Fig.7.2-7
&& j ( t ) + j 2 j ( t ) =
Pj
Mj
Pj
M j
2
j
j k
Pj = { j } {F0 }
T
sin t j = 1,2,3
j ( t ) = j j sin t , j =
j=k
i j =
1
j
, j ( t ) = j sin t
j =
j=1
j=1
2 5 8
l3
[F] =
5 16 28 (de la problema 7.2-1)
162EI
8 28 54
162EI
, j = 1,2,3
ml 3 j
{1} = {1;3,46;6,62}T
1 = 233,06 ; 2 = 2,5958 ;
{ 2 } = {1;1,24;0,237}T
3 = 0,3438
{ 3 } = {1;1,52;0,123}T
1
1
P1 = F0 {1;3,46;6,62}2 = 7,92 F0
P2 = F0 {1;1,24;0,237}2 = 3,48 F0
0
0
1 = 7,92
1
Pj = j F0 , j = 1,2,3
P3 = F0 {1;1,52;0,123}2 = 2,04 F0 2 = 3,48
0
3 = 2,04
137
Capitolul 7
M j = m i ij2
i =1
12j
M j = m{2 1 4} 22 j ; j = 1,2,3
2
3j
M j = j m , j = 1,2,3
= *j 0
=
j = 1,2,3
162EI 162 j
EI
EI
j m
/
2
m
/ l j
*j =
j j
162 j
7.2-8. Sistemul dinamic cu 3 grade de libertate din figur este solicitat prin baz, ntr-o
micare orizontal cu acceleraia : && = a 0 sin t . S se determine rspunsul dinamic relativ
maxim. Se va folosi metoda analizei modale.
z i max = ij j j , i = 1,2,3
j=1
j =
Fig.7.2-8
Pj
M j
2
j
Pj = { j } {F0 }
2
2 0 0 1
{F0 } = m a 0 0 1 0 1 = m a 0 1
4
0 0 4 1
2
P1 = m a 0 {1;3,46;6,62}1 = m a 0 31,94
4
1
j
T
M j = { j } [M ]{ j }
j =
Pj = j m a 0
2
P2 = m a 0 {1;1,24;0,237}1 = m a 0 2,292
4
2
P3 = m a 0 {1;1,52;0,123}1 = m a 0 0,972 1 = 31,94
4
2 = 2,292
3 = 0,972
Capitolul 7
[K ] = [F]1
2
l3
5
[F] =
162 EI
16
3,077 1,77
162 EI
=
1,77 1,692
l3
0,462 0,615
Fig.7.2-9.a
M(x)=F0x
l
x
6
- 5F0(x-
l
x
6
'
+3(
x2 l
- x)
2 3
+2(
2l
3
l
)
6
l
x
3
l
- 3F0(x- )
3
l
)
6
+5(x-
x2
2
l
6
l
x
3
l
x2
- 2 x)
2
3
'
EI w 0 + F02[
'
Fig.7.2-9.b
+2(
7 2 x2
+
3
2
l
x2
- 2 x)
2
3
EI w (x) = EI w 0 + F0[
+3(
x3 l 2
- x )
6 3
x l
l
6
+ 5(
x2 l
- x)
2 6
2l
3
+3(
l
3
x l
l
x2
- 19 x]
2
6
EI w 0 '
l
3
l
+2(x- 2 )
3
x l
x =l
7
F02
3
x2 l
- x)
2 3
2l
3
7 2
x3
x +
3
6
x
11 19
- ]
2 6
2l
x
3
x2 l
- x)
2 6
x l
l
-2F0(x- 2 )
3
2l
x
3
l
+ 3(x- )
3
+5(
EI w ' () = 0 = EI w 0 + F0[ 11
8
16 28
28 54
0,462
0,615
0,269
5
+ 2(
l
6
+ 5(
x3 l 2
- x )
6 3
x3 l
- x2)
6 12
x l
l
3
x 3 19
7
EI w () = 0 = EI w 0 + F0[ 11
x2 - 2x]
6 12
3
139
x =l
25
= EI w 0 + F03
12
Capitolul 7
EI w (x) = F0[
+3(
x3
25 3 7 2
l x +
12
3
6
x3 l 2
- x )
6 3
2l
3
+ 2(
l
6
+ 5(
x3 l
- x2)
6 12
x3 l 2
- x )
6 3
x l
l
3
25
7
1 8l 3 l 4l 2
2l 1 8l 3
2l F
01 = w = 0 [ l 3 2
+
+ 5(
-
)+
3
3
6 27
6 27 12 9
3 EI 12
F0 l 3 183
1 8l 3 l 4l 2
+3(
-
)] =
6 27 6
9
EI
324
3
F l3
F
l 1 l
25
7
1 l3 l l2
420
l
02 = w = 0 [ l 3 2 + +5( - ) ] = 0
3
3 6 27
6 27 12 9
EI
324
3 EI 12
3
3
F l
F l
25
675
03 = w (0 ) = 0
= 0
EI
12
EI
324
183
65,77
F0 l 3
{ 0 } =
{P0 } = [K] { 0 } = F0 14,20
420
324 EI
3,91
675
{u ( t )} = {u max } sin t
Pj = { j } {P0}
T
umax =
j=1
ij
i j
j =
Pj
M j j
Mj = { j } [M] { j }
j =
1
j
65,77
1 = 140,78
65,77
65,77
140
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.2-10
0
1 0
2,178 2,585 1,227
l3
{ } [M ] { } &&
n
k =1
0,2066}
2
k ( t ) + { j } [K ] { k } k ( t ) = { j } {F( t )} ; M j = mi ij = { j } [M ] { j }
n
k =1
i =1
i =1
ij
F0i f i (t )
&& j ( t ) + 2j j ( t ) =
F0i ij
i =1
Mj
f i (t )
j (t) =
i =1
ji
(t)
t
F0i ij
f () sin j ( t )d
2 j i
Mj
M j j
0
&& j ( t ) + 2j ji ( t ) =
ji ( t ) =
F0i ij
Mj
2
j
i
1
j
{u (t )} = { } (t )
j
F0i ij
f i ( t ) ji ( t ) =
{u ( t )} =
{ } (t)
n
j=1
F0i ij
sin i t j ( t ) =
i =1
2
j
i
1
j
sin i t
; 1 = 2 3
1
1
j
j
141
j=1,2,3
Capitolul 7
u i (t) =
j=1
m j &u& j ( t ) ij + Fk ( t ) ik , i = 1, n
k =1
{J} = 2 [M ]{a}
{a} =
; J j = 2 m j a j , j = 1, n
forelor de inerie
[ ]
1
M 1 {J}
2
n
n
unde u i (t ) = a i sin t a i = J j ij + 0i
j=1
{u (t )} = {a}sin t
{a} = [F] {J} + { 0 }
Determinm vectorul amplitudine a forelor de inerie {J} din sistemul :
1
1
Fig.7.2-11
[ ]
[ ]
162EI
(excitaie)
ml 3 8
1 =
2 5 8
l3
[F] =
5 16 28
162EI
8 28 54
2
1
l3
1
[F] 2 M =
5
162EI
8
2
l 3 F0
{ 0 } = [F]{F0 } =
5
162EI
8
[ ]
2 =
5
16
28
5
16
28
2 x 1 + 5x 2 + 8x 3 = 7 (5)
5x 1 + 8x 2 + 28x 3 = 21 (2)
8x 1 + 28x 2 + 52 x 3 = 36
162EI
ml 3 2,6
1 2
1
M =
0
m
0
2 0
ml 3 8 1
0 4
162EI 4m
0 0
2 0 0
[M ] = m 0 1 0
0 0 4
[ ] {J} + { } = 0
1
[F] 2 M
162EI
ml 3 233
[ ]
0
1
0
0
2 0 0
1
0 =
0 4 0
4
m
1
0 0 1
8
0
2 5 8
l3
28
0 =
5
8 28
162EI
8 28 52
54
1
8 1
7
3
l F0
28 1 =
21
162EI
54 0
36
7
2 5 8
l 3 F0
J
l3
xi = i
5
8 28 {J}+
21 = 0
F0
162EI
162EI
8 28 52
36
2 x 1 + 5x 2 + 8x 3 = 7
2 x 1 + 5x 2 + 8x 3 = 7
41x 2 + 96 x 3 = 77
41x 2 + 96 x 3 = 77
48x 2 + 84 x 3 = 64
142
1164 x 3 = 1072
Capitolul 7
7
2 5 8 28,346 3
28,346
l 3 F0
F
l
0
{J} = F0 11,412 {a} = [F]{J} + { 0 }=
5 16 28 11,412 +
21 =
162EI
162EI
0,921
8 28 54 0,921
36
106,384 7 3
113,384
0,7
l 3 F0
l 3 F0
l F0
=
298,534 + 21 =
319,534 {a} =
1,97
162EI
162EI
EI
496,57 36
532,57
3,29
Fig.7.2-12.a
Fig.7.2-12.b
Fig.7.2-12.c
[ ]
1
[F] 2 M {J} + { 0 } = 0
11 =
22
[M] = m
2 0
0 1
[M ] = 21m 10
1
0
2
l3
2 1 l3
4l 3
2 2 x
dx
=
=
=
EI 0 2
EI 4 8 3 48EI 4 48EI
2
1 x
1
=
dx +
EI 0 2
EI
1
12 = 21 =
EI
2
( x ) dx =
0
1
x x
0 2 4 dx + EI
l3
1 l3 1
5 l3
+
=
16EI 3 EI 3 64 4 48EI
x x l
1 l
0 2 4 4 dx = EI 8
143
xdx =
0
l3
3 l3
=
4 48EI
64EI
Capitolul 7
l 3 4 3
192EI
[F] =
=
192EI 3 5
ml 3 4
l 3 4 3 ml 3 4 2 1 1 0
l 3 2 3
1
1
[F] 2 M =
=
192EI 3 5 192EI 2/ m 0 2 192EI 3 1
F0 l 3 3
l 3 F0 4 3 0 F0 l 3 3
l 3 2 3
{ 0 } = [F]{F0 } =
{J}+
=
=0
192EI 3 5 1 192EI 5
192EI 3 1
192EI 5
[ ]
2 x 1 3x 2 = 3
F 12
12
{J} = 0
3x 1 + x 2 = 5
7 1
7
l 3 F0 4 3 12 l 3 F0 3 l 3 F0 6
{a} = [F]{J} + { 0 } =
+
=
7 192EI 3 5 1 192EI 5 336EI 1
x 2 = 3x 1 5 =
1
7
2 x 1 9 x 1 + 15 = 3 x 1 =
Fig.7.2-13.a
Fig.7.2-13.b
Fig.7.2-13.c
[M] = m
2 0
0 1
[M ] = 21m 10
1
0
2
33 X 3 + 30 = 0
144
X3 =
30
33
Capitolul 7
33
2l
1
8 l3
2
=
x dx =
EI 0
3 EI
30
(1)
1
( x )(x + l )dx =
=
EI 0
l
l
1 l3 l3 l3
1
x 2 dx + l xdx = + =
EI 3
EI 0
2 6EI
X3
(1)
1 l 3 3 EI
1
3 =
6 EI 8 l
16
Fig.7.2-13.d
l
1
1 8l 3
1
14 l 3
( 2)
3
2
(
)(
)
+
x
dx
l
xdx
2
l
=
30 =
x
l
dx
=
0 EI 3
3 EI
EI 0
EI 0
14 l 3 3 EI 7
( 2)
3 =
X 3 =
3 EI 8 l 4
2l
2l
Fig.7.2-13.e
Fig.7.2-13.f
1 1 l3 172 l3
17l l2 l 2 43 l 3
1 x
1 17x l
dx = 2 + 2 + 2/ 2 + 2 l =
11 = dx +
EI 16 3 16 3
EI 0 16
EI 0 16 16
16 2/ 16 32 EI
2
22 =
2l
l
5 l3
1
1 3
1 l 3 9 8l 3
3l 4l 2
2
2
=
/
(
)
x
dx
x
l
dx
=
l
l
2
2
EI 3 16 3
4 2/
EI 0
EI 0 4
6 EI
12 = 21
=
1 x 3
1 17
l 3
l
=
x l dx + x x dx =
EI 0 16 4
EI 0 16
16 4
4
l3
1 1 3 l 3 l l 2 17 3 l 3 17 l l 2 3 l l 2 l l
+ + + l =
EI 16 4 3 16 2 16 4 3 16 4 2 4 16 2 16 4
16EI
l 3 129 6
96EI
(excitaia)
=
EI 96 6 80
ml 3 4
3
129 6 ml 3 4 2 1 1 0
l 3 127 6
[F] 12 M 1 = l
=
96EI 2m 0 2 96EI 6 76
96EI 6 80
[F] =
[ ]
145
Capitolul 7
F0 129 6 1 F0 l 3
=
96EI 6 80 1 96EI
127 x 1 6 x 2 = 123
38
37
x2 +
x1 =
6 x 1 + 76 x 2 = 74
3
3
{ 0 } = [F] {F0 } = l
123
74
38 127
127 37
x 2 6x 2 +
= 123
3
3
1,0183
x 2 = 1,0541 x 1 = 1,0183 {J} = F0
1,0541
3
129 6 1,0183 l 3 F0 123
l 3 F0
+
[F] {J}+ { 0 }= l F0
=
48EI
96EI 6 80 1,0541 96EI 74
1
l 3 F0
{a} =
48EI
2
1
2
Fig.7.2-14
0 = 1
3 = 4
k T1 = k T 2 =
G Ip
i = A i sin( t )
2 J1 A1 + k T1 A1 k T1 A 2 = 0
&&1 + k T1 (1 2 ) = 0
J1
&& 2 + k T1 ( 2 1 ) + k T 2 ( 2 3 ) = 0 2 J 2 A 2 + k T1 (A 2 A1 ) + k T 2 (A 2 A 3 ) = 0
J2
&& 3 + k T 2 (3 2 ) = 0
J3
2 J 3 A 3 + k T 2 (A 3 A 2 ) = 0
A 2 = A1
2 J 1 A1
k T1
A3 = A2
2 J1 A1 + 2 J 2 A 2
kT2
A 2 = A1
A3 = A2
f () = 2 J1A1 + 2 J 2 A 2 + 2 J 3 A 3
A1 = 1
Jl
2 (A1 + A 2 )
G Ip
f () = J 2 (A1 + A 2 + A 3 )
Jl
Jl
Jl
A 3 = 1 32
+ 4
A2 = 1
GI
G Ip
G Ip
p
A1 = 1
G Ip
J l
=
unde 0
G Ip
Jl
f ( ) = J
G Ip
Jl
(A1 + A 2 + A 3 ) =
A 3 = 1 3 + 2
f ( ) = 0 (3 )(1 ) = 0 i cum 0
1 =
G Ip
Jl
Notm : = 2
A2 = 1
J l
2 A1
G Ip
1
{1 } = 0
1
146
G Ip
(3 ) (1 )
1 = 1 i 2 = 3
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3-1.
Se va folosi metoda matricei de transfer (vibraii libere) .
Pentru grinzi prismatice EI = ct , = ct i ecuaia diferenial a micrii este:
4w
2w
EI 4 + 2 = 0
x
t
w (x , t ) = w (x ) (t )
EI (l ) EI
= 2
(t ) = A sin (t + )
&&(t ) + 2 (t ) = 0
2
, unde 4 =
d 4 w 2
w = 0
EI
EI
dx 4
= 2
{Z(x )} =
w (x ) = (x )
i {Z(x )} = [U(x )] {Z(0 )}
M (x )
T(x )
unde matricea de transfer are expresia:
1
1
1
F2 (x )
F3 (x )
F4 (x )
2
3
F1 (x )
EI
EI
1
1
F4 (x )
(
)
F1 (x )
F
x
F2 (x )
3
[U(x )] =
EI
2 EI
1
2 EI F (x ) EI F (x )
F1 (x )
F2 (x )
3
4
3 EI F (x ) 2 EI F (x )
F1 (x )
F4 (x )
2
3
1
1
F1 (x ) = (chx + cos x )
F2 (x ) = (shx + sin x )
2
2
1
1
F3 (x ) = (chx cos x )
F4 (x ) = (shx sin x )
2
2
{Z(l )} = [U(l )] {Z(0)} {Z1} = [U1 ] {Z0 }
147
Capitolul 7
1
1
1
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
EI
EI
0
1
1
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l ) 0
1 F4 (l )
EI
=
2 EI
M
0
1
2
0
(
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
EI
F
EI
F
F
F
l
3
4
1
2
T1
T0
3 EI F (l ) 2 EI F (l )
F1 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
1
1
1
1
F3 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
2 EI F3 (l ) 3 EI F4 (l ) M 0
EI
EI
=0
=0
1
1
T
0
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F2 (l ) F3 (l ) = F1 (l ) F4 (l ) (ecuaia caracteristic)
1
(shl + sin l ) 1 (chl cos l ) = 1 (chl + cos l ) 1 (shl sin l ) tgl = thl
2
2
2
2
Prin metoda njumtiri intervalului obinem soluiile:
2
(l )1 = 3,926 ; (l )2 = 7,068 ; (l )3 = 10,21 i = (l2)i EI i N *
l
M
T
1
1
1
F3 (x ) M 0 + 3 F4 (x ) T0 = 2 0 F3 (x ) + F4 (x ) 0
M0
EI
EI
EI
T0
F (l )
1
1
F3 (l ) M 0 + 3 F4 (l ) T0 = 0
= 3
2
M0
F4 (l )
EI
EI
w (x ) =
M0
F (l )
F3 (x ) F4 (x ) 3
2
F4 (l )
EI
de unde funcia de form are expresia:
w (x ) = F3 (x ) F4 (l ) F4 (x ) F3 (l ) =
w (x ) =
Fig.7.3-2.a
Obs. Pentru rezolvarea acestei probleme putem folosi metoda matricelor de transfer la
vibraii forate, avnd n vedere c excitaia acioneaz pe un nod, respectiv poate fi
considerat drept condiie de margine.
148
Capitolul 7
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
EI
EI
0
1
1
(l )
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l ) 0
F4 (l )
EI
2 EI
M
M
1
0
1 2
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
T(l ) EI F3 (l ) EI F4 (l )
T0
3 EI F (l ) 2 EI F (l )
F1 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
4 =
2 =
EI
EI
2 = 1,2
(l )
2
1
EI
EI
1 =
(l )12
l
(l ) =
EI
1
1
F3 (l ) M 0 + 3 F4 (l ) T0
EI
EI
1
M1 = F1 (l ) M 0 + F2 (l ) T0
F3 (l )
F (l )
T0 =
M 0 M1 = F1 (l ) M 0 F2 (l ) 3
M0
F4 (l )
F4 (l )
F3 (l ) M1
F4 (l ) M1
M0 =
T0 =
F1 (l ) F4 (l ) F2 (l ) F3 (l )
F1 (l ) F4 (l ) F2 (l ) F3 (l )
1
F1 (l ) F4 (l ) F2 (l ) F3 (l ) = [shl cos l sin l chl ]
2
(l ) [cos l chl] M1
shl sin l
T0 =
M0 =
M1
Fig.7.3-2.b
Fig.7.3-2.c
Fig.7.3-2.d
Fig.7.3-2.e
l
l
1 x
1
x x2
1 1 2 l3 1
l
1 2 + 2 dx = l l + 2 =
11 =
1 dx =
l
l l
EI l
3 l 3EI
EI 0
EI 0
l
l
M x x2
M x x
M 1 l2 l3 1 M l
10 = 1 1 dx = 1 2 dx = = 1 2 = 1
EI 0
EI 0 l l
l l
EI l 2
3 l
6EI
149
Capitolul 7
11 M0 + 10 = 0 M 0st =
M0 =
T0st =
Fig.7.3-2.f
M1
2
M0
1,987
= 3,974
=
M 0st
0,5
T
3 M1
8,431
T0 = 0 =
= 5,621
2 l
T0st
1,5
Fig.7.3-3
(
)
(
)
(
)
l
l
l
F4 (1l )
F
F
F
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
3
1
1 EI
1 EI
0
1
1
F ( l )
F2 (1l )
F3 (1l ) 1
F1 (1l )
1
4
1
2
{Z 2 } =
1EI
1 EI
0
1
12 EI F3 (1l ) 1EI F4 (1l )
F2 (1l ) T
F1 (1l )
1
1
3
2
EI F ( l ) EI F ( l )
1 F4 (1l )
F1 (1l )
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
F2 (1l )
1
F1 (1l )
{Z 2 } =
1EI F4 (1l )
2 EI F ( l )
3
1
1
F1 ( 2 l )
0
F ( l )
3
2
4
2
=
0
2
T3 2 2 EI F3 ( 2 l )
2 3 EI F ( l )
2
2
2
F4 (1l )
3
1 EI
1
(
)
l
F
3
1
2
1
1 EI
T1
1
F2 (1l )
1
F1 (1l )
1
1
1
F2 ( 2 l )
F3 ( 2 l )
F4 ( 2 l )
2
3
2
2 2 EI
2 2 EI
1
1
F2 ( 2 l )
F3 ( 2 l )
F1 ( 2 l )
2
{Z 2 }
2 2 EI
2 2 EI
1
F2 ( 2 l )
2 2 EI F4 ( 2 l )
F1 ( 2 l )
2
2 F4 ( 2 l )
2 2 EI F3 ( 2 l )
F1 ( 2 l )
150
Capitolul 7
1
1
1
F1 ( 2 l )
F2 ( 2 l )
F3 ( 2 l )
F4 ( 2 l )
2
3
0
2
2 2 EI
2 2 EI
=
{Z 2 }
1
0 2 22 EI F3 ( 2 l ) 2 2 EI F4 ( 2 l )
F1 ( 2 l )
F2 ( 2 l )
2
2
2
1 = 4 2
14 =
42 =
2 42 = 14 2 =
EI
2EI
Din relaiile de mai sus rezult ecuaia caracteristic:
u 11 (l ) u 12 (l )
0 u 11 (l ) u 12 (l ) 1
= f ( ) = 0
=
u 21 (l ) u 22 (l )
0 u 21 (l ) u 22 (l ) T1
care se rezolv numeric prin metoda njumtirii intervalului.
7.3-4. O bar prismatic de lungime i rigiditatea la ncovoiere EI este simplu
rezemat la capete i solicitat la mijlocul deschiderii de o for armonic transversal
F = F0 sin t , unde = 0,75 1 , 1 fiind pulsaia proprie fundamental a barei. S se
calculeze amplitudinea vibraiilor forate ale barei n punctul de aplicaie al forei. Se dau :
Fig.7.3-4
Conform metodei analizei modale sistemul ecuaiilor de micare are forma:
l
l
P
&& j (t ) + j 2 j (t ) = j f (t ) M j = w 2j (x )dx
Pj = p(x ) w j (x )dx = F0 w j (l 2 )
Mj
0
0
j (t ) = j j sin t
j =
Pj
M j
2
j
j =
1
j
l
l
l
w F (t ) = w , t = w j j j sin t , de unde w F = w j j j
2
2 j=1 2
j=1
1
1
1
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
EI
EI
0
1
1
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
F3 (l ) 0
1 F4 (l )
EI
=
2 EI
0
1
0 2
F1 (l )
F2 (l )
T1 EI F3 (l ) EI F4 (l )
T0
3 EI F (l ) 2 EI F (l )
F1 (l )
F4 (l )
2
3
151
Capitolul 7
1
F2 (l )
1
F4 (l )
1
1
EI
2 F22 (l ) = 2 F42 (l )
=0
1
EI F4 (l )
F2 (l )
sin l = 0 l = j
EI
j
j =
EI
, j N *
1
1
F2 (x ) 0 3 F4 (x ) T0
EI
1
EI F4 (l ) 0 + F2 (l ) T0 = 0
T
F (l )
shl + sin l
0 = 2 EI 2
= 2 EI
= 2 EI
F4 (l )
shl sin l
0
w (x ) =
T
1
F2 (x ) + 0 2 F4 (x ) , unde 0 se neglijeaz la forma modal.
0 EI
1
1
w (x ) = F2 (x ) F4 (x ) = [shx + sin x ] [shx sin x ] = sin x
2
2
jx
w j (x ) = sin ( j x ) = sin
, j N *
l
jl
j
l
Pj = F0 w j = F0 sin
= F0 sin
2l
2
2
w (x ) =
M j = w 2j (x )dx = sin 2
j (t ) = j j sin t
j =
1
9
1 1
16 j
w F = ( 1)
n =1
2 n +1
jx
2 jx
l
2 jl l
=
dx = 1 cos
sin
dx = l
2 0
2
2 2 j
l
l
l
2
j =
Pj
M j
j =
2
j
1
j
, j = 2n
j 0
sin =
2 n +1
2 ( 1) , j = 2n + 1
9
16 j4
F0 ( 1)
2 n +1
1
9
1
l (2n + 1) EI 1
16 (2n + 1)4
l
2
4
l 3 F0 32
1
32 l 3 F0
1
4
w F =
=
4
4
EI n =1 16 (2n + 1)4 9
EI n =1 16 (2n + 1) 9
w F (t ) = w F sin t
152
Capitolul 7
a)
b)
c)
d)
G Ip
J
J = Ip
G
=
d4
Ip =
32
M T (x ) = GI p
sin x
GI p
cos x
cos x
{Z(x )} = [U(x )] {Z 0 } [U(x )] =
GI p sin x
sin l
cos l
0
1
GI p
M T1 GI p sin l cos l M T0
{Z(x )} = {, M T }T
Fig.7.3-5.a
Fig.7.3-5.b
Fig.7.3-5.c
Fig.7.3-5.d
a) 1 = [U 0 ] 0
0
0
k G
l
kx
k
kx
M TK (x ) = GI p sin
k (x ) = cos
k N*
l
l
l
0 = GI p sin l 0 sin l =0
k (x ) = cos k x 0
l = k
k =
0
b) 1 = [U 0 ]
0
M T0
0 = cos l M T0 cos l =0
k (x ) =
l = (2k + 1)
(2k + 1)x
sin k x
M T0 k (x ) = sin
2l
GI p
153
k =
(2k + 1)
kN
2l
(2k + 1) GI cos (2k + 1)x
M TK (x ) =
p
2l
2l
Capitolul 7
0
0
c)
= [U 0 ]
M T!
M T0
sin l
0=
M T0 sin l =0
GI p
k (x ) = sin
kx
l
l = k
k N*
k G
l
kx
k
M TK (x ) = GI p cos
l
l
0
d) 1 = [U 0 ]
0
M T0
0 = cos l M T0 cos l =0
k (x ) =
k =
(2k + 1)x
sin k x
M T0 k (x ) = sin
2l
GI p
(2k + 1)
G
kN
2l
l = (2k + 1)
k =
Fig.7.3-6.a
Considerm excitaia MT(t) ca o condiie de margine n captul (1).
sin l
cos l
0
1 (t )
=
GI p
G
M T1 (t ) GI p sin l cos l M T0 (t )
M T1 (t ) = M1 sin t
1 (t ) = 1 sin t
M T0 (t ) = M 0 sin t
sin l
cos l
0
1
GI p
=
M 1 GI sin l cos l M 0
p
M1
sinl
tgl
1 =
1 =
M 0 i M1 = M 0 cos l M 0 =
M1
GI p
GI p
cos l
Dac considerm cazul cnd M1 acioneaz static avem: M 0st = M 1
Fig.7.3-6.b
k T 1st = M 1
kT =
GI p
l
1st =
l
M1
GI p
154
Capitolul 7
MT 0 =
1 =
M0
M1
1
1
=
=
M 0st cos l M1 cos l
G
2l
= 1,5 1 =
= 1,3 1 l = 1,3
2
1 =
1 tgl M1 GI p
tgl
=
=
GI p l M1
l
1st
3 G
3
l =
M T 0 = 1,41 , 1 = 0,42
4
4l
= 1,1 1 l = 1,1
M T 0 = 6,4 ,
1 = 3,65
M T 0 = 2,2 ,
1 = 0,96
Fig.7.3-7
Conform metodei analizei modale:
P
&& j (t ) + j 2 j (t ) = j sin t
Mj
l
M j = J 2j (x )dx ; Pj = m T (x ) j (x )dx = M 0 j (l 2 )
j (t ) = j j sin t ; j =
Pj
M j 2j
10
l
M = j j j
2
j=1
MT M
; j =
J = Ip
10
; (x , t ) = j (x ) j j sin t
j=1
1
j
10
l
= MT j j j
2
j=1
l
MT j = G Ip j
2
jx
j
M T j (x ) = GI p sin
l
l
l
l
I p l
jx
1
2jx
M j = I p cos 2
dx = I p 1 + cos
dx =
2
2 0
l
l
0
j =
j G
l
j = j 1
j (x ) = cos
j
j l
Pj = M 0 cos = M 0 cos
2
l 2
j=2 P2 = M 0
2 =
M0
1 M l
= 2 0
2
2 GI p
I p l 2 G
2 l
jx
l
j = 1,3,5,7,9 Pj = 0
de unde
2 =
j = 2,4,6,8,10 Pj 0
1
0,751
1
21
155
= 1,1636
l
2 l
2 = cos = 1
2
l 2
Capitolul 7
j=4
4 =
j=6
6 =
j=8
8 =
P4 = M 0
M0
I p l 4 G
2 l
2
1 M 0l
8 2 GI p
4 =
1
0,751
1
41
= 1,036
l
4 l
4 = cos = 1
2
l 2
P6 = M 0
M0
1 M 0l
=
2
18 2 GI p
I p l 6 G
2 l
6 =
= 1,016
l
6 l
6 = cos = 1
2
l 2
= 1,0089
l
8 l
8 = cos = 1
2
l 2
1
0,751
1
61
P8 = M 0
M0
I p l 8 G
2 l
2
1 M 0l
32 2 GI p
j=10 P10 = M 0 10 =
8 =
1
0,751
1
81
1
= 1,0056 1
0,751
1
101
10 =
M0 l
50 2 G I p
l
10 = 1
2
M l
1 M l
n=2 (M2) = ( 1) 2 0 1,1636 = 1,1636 2 0
2 GI
2 GI p
p
M l
1
1 M l
n=4 (M4) = 1,1636 + 1 1,036 2 0 = 1,4226 2 0
4
2 GI p
2 GI p
M l
1 M l
1
n=6 (M6) = 1,4226 + ( 1) 1,016 2 0 = 1,5355 2 0
9
2 GI p
2 GI p
M l
1
1 M l
n=8 (M8) = 1,5355 + 1 1,0089 2 0 = 1,5986 2 0
16
2 GI p
2 GI p
M l
1 M l
1
(M10 ) = 1,5986 + ( 1) 1,0056 2 0 = 1,6388 2 0
n=10
25
2 G I p
2 G I p
M l
1
1
1
1
M 0l
1 1 1 1
2
0,17516 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + ......
2 GI p
1 44
24432444443
1
1, 62550
M l
M l
0,9 M l
M 1,8 2 0 = 2 0 0,09 0
GI p
2 GI p GI p
M l
l
, t 0,09 0 sin t
GI p
2
3 G
4l
156
Capitolul 7
sin x
EA
EA sin x cos x
[u(x )] =
{Z(x )} = [u (x )] {Z0 }
u (x ) = c1 cos x + c 2 sin x
cos x
u1
=
N1
sin l u
0
cos l
EA
N
EA sin l cos l 0
Fig.7.3-8.a
Fig.7.3-8.b
Fig.7.3-8.c
u
u
a) 1 = [U 0 ] 0
0
0
0 = EA sin l u 0 sin l = 0 =
u k (x ) = cos
kx
l
k
k E
, k N * k =
l
l
kx
k
N k (x ) = EA sin
l
l
0
0
b) = [U 0 ]
N1
N 0
0=
sin l
k
k E
N 0 sin l = 0 =
, k N * k =
EA
l
l
u k (x ) = sin
kx
l
kx
k
N k (x ) = EA cos
l
l
0
u
c) 1 = [U 0 ]
0
N 0
0 = cos l
u k (x ) = sin
(2k + 1)x
2l
(2k + 1)
2l
l = (2k + 1)
k N k =
157
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3.-9
{Z 2 } = [U1 ] {Z1 }
{Z1 } = [U 0 ] {Z 0 }
{Z 2 } = [U1 ] [U 0 ] {Z 0 }
0 = ; 1 =
EA
2
l
sin
l
sin l
2
cos
l
cos
[U 0 ] =
[U1 ] =
EA
2EA
2
EA sin l cos l
l
EA
sin
cos
2
2
l
l
l
l
1
cos cosl 2 sinl sin
cosl sin + 2 sinl cos
2
2
2EA
2
2
[U1 ] [U 0 ] =
l
1
l
1
l
2
2
2
2
2
2
u
u
2 = [U1 ] [U 0 ] 0
0
0
1
l
l
sin l cos
EA 2 cos l sin
+
u0 = 0
2
2
2
l
1
+
tgl = 0
tg
2
2
l
l 0
f (l ) = tgl + 2 tg
=0
2
l
sin
= 0 l = 2k
2
l
cos
= 0 l = (2k + 1)
2
2
tgl = 0 l = k
tgl l = (2k + 1)
2
Rezult c soluia se gsete n intervalul l ,
i numeric obinem:
2 2
0 =
EA
1 =
(l )1 = 0,57 = 1,791
2EA
1 =
1,791 EA
l
158
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3.-10
Considerm forma vibraiei w (x, t ) = w 0 (x ) sin t pentru modul fundamental de vibraie.
x
w 0 (x ) = w 0 sin
(sfert de und)
2l
l
l
1
1
& (x , t )]2 dx = 2 w 02 (x )dx cos 2 t
Energia cinetic: E c = [w
2
20
144
402444
3
Ec max
l
l
1
EI
2
(
)
(w 0 (x ))2 dx sin 2 t
=
EI
[
w
x
,
t
]
dx
20
2 0
1442443
Energia potenial: E p = U =
Ep max
l
2
2
2
w 0 (x )dx = w 0 sin
(w (x ))
E c max
w2
x
x
l
dx = 0 1 cos dx = w 02
2l
2 0
2
l
dx = w
2l
2
0
1
l 2
= 2
w0
2
2
E c max = E p max
4l
x
2 l
0 sin 2l dx = w 0 2l 2
2
E p max
=
2l
1
l
= EIw 02
2
2l 2
EI 2,467
= 2
l
EI
1
f1 =
g
2
q (x ) w (x )dx
159
sti
q (x ) w (x )dx
i =1 0
Fig.7.3-11.a
i =1 0
n li
sti
Capitolul 7
0 =
M 0 l M1l ql 3
0 =
3EI 6EI 24EI
M l M l ql 3
1st = 0 + 1 +
6EI 3EI 24EI
Fig.7.3-11.c
1,5M1l 1,5M 2 l q (1,5) l 3
+
3EI
6EI
24EI
3
1,5M1l 1,5M 2 l q (1,5) l 3
+
2 =
6EI
3EI
24EI
3
1dr =
Fig.7.3-11.d
ql 2
ql 2 1,5 2
; M inc ( 2) =
12
12
3 3
3
M 0 l M1l 1,5M1l 1,5M 2 l
ql
q(1,5) l
+
+
+
=
+
1st = 1dr
6EI 3EI
3EI
6EI
24EI
24EI
ql 2
1,425
3
2
3EI ql
ql
12 = 0,633
M1 =
1st = 1,425 i 1dr =
2,375 = 1,425
2
2,5l 24EI
12
1,5 ql 2
12
S calculm sgeile: w st1 (x ) i w st 2 (x ) .
M 0 = M 2 = 0 (simpl rezemare ) 0 = 2 = 0
M inc (1) =
ql 2
ql 2
V0 l
+ 1st
=0
2
12
ql
q l ql
V0 = 1st = 1 1st
2
12 2
6
Fig.7.3-11.e
ql
qx 2
EI w 1(x ) = 1 1st x +
2
6
2
ql x 3 qx 4
EI w 1 (x ) = 1 1st +
2
6 6
24
w 0 (0 ) = 0
160
w 0 (0 ) = 0
Capitolul 7
w 1 (x ) =
l
3
4
ql 4 1st x x
+
2
1
24EI
6 l l
w 1 (x )dx =
0
t=
x
l
dx = l dt
1
ql 5 1st 3 4
ql 5 1st
+
=
21
2
1
t
t
dt
24EI 0
6
24EI
6
ql 5
1 1
+ = 0,41875
24EI
4 5
2
ql4
q l4
ql4 1
1 1
3
4 2
2 1
(
)
+
w
x
dx
2
,
475
t
t
dt
2
,
475
2
2
,
475
0
,
367
l
(
+
)
=
l
=
=
0
24EI
24EI
7
8 9
0
24EI
2
1
ql 2 1,5 2
1,5 2 l 2
+q
=0
12
2
ql1,5 1dr
V1 =
1 +
2
6
l 2 = 1,5 l
V11,5l + 1dr
Fig.7.3-11.f
ql 22 ql 2 1dr
qx 2
+
1 +
x
12
2
6
2
ql 2 l
ql 32
ql 32 2
Ml
ql 3 2
1dr = 1 2 +
= 1dr 2 2 +
=
1 1dr
3EI
24EI
12 3EI 24EI 24EI 3
EI w 2 = 1dr
w 1dr = 0
ql 32 2
ql 22 x 2 ql 2 1dr x 3 q x 4
+
EI w 2 (x ) = EI
1 +
1 1dr x 1dr
24EI 3
12 2
2
6 6 2 12
2
3
4
x
1dr x x
x
ql 42 2
x
w 2 (x ) =
, notm t =
1 1dr 1dr + 2 +
l2
3 43 l 2
24EI 142
3 l 2 l 2
l 2 1424
3
0.578
2.211
4
4
1,5 ql
0,578 t 0,633 t 2 + 2,211 t 3 t 4
w 2 (t ) =
24EI
l2
1 1
1,55 ql 5
1,55 ql 5
1
1
(
)
=
0
,
578
0
,
633
2
,
211
0
,
43075
w
x
dx
=
0 2
24EI
2
3
4 5
24EI
1
1,5 4 ql 4
(
)
1
,
5
l
(0,5782 t 2 +0,6332 t 4 + 2,2112 t 6 + t 8 2 0,578 0,633 t 3 +
w
x
dx
=
0
24EI
0
4
+ 2 0,578 2,211t 2 0,578t 5 2 0,633 2,211t 5 + 2 0,633t 6 2 2,211 t 7 dx =
l2
2
2
1,54 ql4
= 0,29814 1,5 l
24EI
q l5
q l5
+ 0,43075 1,55
2,4056 EI
1
24EI
24EI
=
f1 =
g
2
2
2
l4
2
q l4
q l4
9
l 0,36745 +
l 0,29814 1,5
24EI
24EI
0,41875
1 =
2,4056 EI
l2
161
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3.-12.a
M0 = M3 = 0
M 1 = M 2 = M din simetrie
M l M l q l3
1st = 0 + 1 +
6EI
3EI
24EI
M l M l q l3
1dr = 1 2 +
3EI
6EI
24EI
3
ql
1st = 1dr =
24EI
M1l M1l M1l ql 3
ql 3
+
+
=
=0
Fig.7.3-12.b
0 = 1 = 2 = 3 = 0
Fig.7.3-12.c
3 li
1
f1 =
g
2
q (x ) w (x )dx
i =1 0
3 li
sti
q (x ) w (x )dx
i =1 0
2
sti
Fig.7.3-12.d
Fig.7.3-12.e
EI w1 =
l
ql
qx
x+
2
2
w 1 (x )dx =
0
w0 = 0
w 0 = 0 EI w1 =
3
4
ql x 3 q x 4 ql 4 x x
2
+
+
=
2 6 2 12 24 l l
ql 5
ql 5
1 1
3 ql 5
3
4
=
2
t
t
dt
2
+
=
24EI 0
24EI
4 5
10 24EI
2
ql 4 1
23 ql 4
6
8
7
l (analog w 3 (x ) )
(
)
w
x
dx
4
t
t
4
t
dt
l
(
)
=
=
0
24EI
126 24EI
0
2
1
162
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3.-12.f
EI w 2 =
ql
qx
x
2
2
3
4
ql 3
ql x 3 q x 4 ql 4 x x x
x +
=
EI w 2 = EI
+ 2
24EI
2 6 2 12 24 l l l
1
ql 5
11 ql 5
3
4
(
)
=
+
w
x
dx
t
2
t
t
dt
2
0
24EI 0
20 24EI
2
ql 4 1 2
619 ql 4
6
8
4
5
7
l
(
)
w
x
dx
t
4
t
t
4
t
2
t
4
t
dt
l
(
)
+
+
+
=
=
0
24EI
630 24EI
0
2
2
3 ql 5 11 ql 5
+
0,9436 EI
10
24
EI
20 24EI
1 = g
=
2
2
l2
ql 4
23 ql 4 619
l 2
l
+
126 24EI 630
24EI
2
Fig.7.3-13.a
Fig.7.3-13.b
163
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3-13.c
Fig.7.3-13.d
q = g = ct
M0 = M3
M1 = M 2 din simetrie
Se neglijeaz efectul forfecrii i forele axiale. Grinda orizontal se sprijin pe cele dou
verticale , avnd GAf w 0 = w 3 = 0
Ml M l
Ml
M l M l
3j = 3 4 = 3
1 = 1 0 = 0
M
M
3EI 6EI
3EI 6EI
4EI
M 1 = 0
M4 = 3
Ml M l
M l M l M l
2
2
4 = 3 + 4 = 0
0 j = 1 + 0 = 0
6EI 3EI 4EI
6EI 3EI
3
M l M l ql
M l
0s = 0 1
= 0j = 0
3EI 6EI 24EI
4EI
3
M l M l ql
1st = 0 + 1 +
M 0 l M 1l M 1 l
ql 3 8ql 3
6EI 3EI 24EI
+
+
=
1
st
1
dr
6EI 3EI
EI
24EI 24EI
2M1l 2M1l 8ql 3
1dr =
+
3EI
6EI 24EI
5
7 M 0 l M 1l
ql 3
+
=
M 0 = ql 2
2
14M 0 + 4M1 = ql
36
12 EI
6EI
24EI
3
2
17
M 0 l 4 M1l 7ql
4M 0 + 32M1 = 7ql
M1 = ql 2
+
=
72
6EI 3 EI
24EI
3
3
3
M l
M l 8ql
5 ql
7 ql
0 = 0 =
1 = 1 +
=
4EI
144 EI
EI 24EI 72 EI
Fig.7.3-13.e
q x2
ql M M 0
w 1 (0 ) = w 0 = 0
EI w 1(x ) = M 0 + 1
x +
l
2
2
3
x 2 ql M 1 M 0 x 3 q x 4
5 ql
+
EI w 1 (x ) = EI
x M0
+
2 2
l
144 EI
6 2 12
164
Capitolul 7
EI w 1 (x ) =
w 1 (t ) =
5
5 x3 q
5
ql 17
q l 3 x + + q l 2 x 2 + q l + ql + x 4
144
72
36 6 24
2 72
ql 4
5 t + 10 t 2 3 t 3 + 6 t 4
144EI
unde t =
x
(0,1)
l
Fig.7.3-13.f
q x2
w 2 (0 ) = 0
2
M
ql
q
7 q l3
EI w 2 (x ) = EI
x 1 x 2 + x 3 x 4 x (0,2l )
2
6
24
72 EI
4
x
ql
w 2 (t ) =
14 t 17 t 2 + 24 t 3 6 t 4
unde t =
t (0,2 )
144EI
l
EI w 2 (x ) = M 1 + q l x
w st1 (x )dx =
0
ql 5
ql 5
2
3
4
5
t
10
t
3
t
6
t
dt
1
,
2833
144EI 0
144EI
ql 5
ql 5
2
3
4
0 w st 2 (x )dx = 144EI 0 14 t 17 t + 24 t 6 t dt = 15,7333 144EI
2
ql 4 1
2
4
6
8
3
4
5
5
0 w (x )dx = 144EI l 0 25 t + 100 t + 9 t + 36 t 100 t + 30 t 60 t 60 t +
l
2
st1
ql 4
l
+ 120 t 36 t )dt = 7,2619
144
EI
ql 4 1
2
4
6
8
3
4
0 w (x )dx = 144EI l 0 196 t + 289 t + 576 t + 36 t + 476 t 672 t +
l
2
st 2
ql 4
l
+ 168 t 816 t + 204 t 288 t )dt = 158,324
144
EI
3 li
q (x ) w (x )dx
ql5
ql 5
+ 15,7333
3,312 EI
i =1
144EI
144EI
1 = g l0i
= g
= 2
2
2
3
4
4
l
ql
ql
2
(x i )dx i
q i (x i ) w sti
l 2 7,2619 +
l 158,324
i =1 0
144EI
144EI
i
sti
2 1,2833
165
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3.-14
a) Simpl rezemare utilizm metoda ecuaiei difereniale la vibraie.
E s3
4 w s 2 w
4w
4w
=
0
D
w(x,y,t)= ( x, y) ( t )
=
2
+
+
+
12 (1 2 )
x 2 y 2 y 4 D t 2
x 4
4 ( x , y) 4 ( x , y) s2
4 ( x , y)
2
( x , y) = 0
+
+
D
y 4
x 2 y 2
x 4
Pentru un mod m,n avem: mn ( x , y) = A mn X m ( x ) Yn ( y)
( t ) = A sin(t + )
2
2
2
2
Momentele ncovoietoare: M x ( x , y) = D 2 + 2 M y ( x , y) = D 2 + 2
y
x
x
y
x = 0; x = a simpl rezemare :
A mn X m ( x ) Yn ( y) x =0;x =a = 0
y (0, b)
X m ( x ) x =0;x =a = 0 i Xm ( x ) x =0;x =a = 0
i prin analogie cu situaia de la barele simplu rezemate X m ( x ) = sin
y = 0; y = a simpl rezemare:
Analog Yn ( y) y=0;y=b = 0 i
mn ( x, y) = A mn sin
Yn( y) y=0;y=b = 0
mx
ny
sin
b
a
Yn ( y) = sin
mx
a
ny
b
mn
mx
ny
m
= A mn
sin
sin
4
a
b
x
a
4
4 mn
mx
ny
n
= A mn sin
sin
4
a
b
y
b
4 mn
mx
ny
m n
= A mn
sin
sin
2
2
a
b
x y
a b
166
y (0, b)
Capitolul 7
m 4 m 2 n 2 n 4
mx
ny s2 mn
mx
ny
A mn
sin
A mn sin
sin
=0
+ 2
+ sin
a
b
D
a
b
a b b
a
2
2
n D
2 m
mn = +
fmn = mn
2
a b s
b) Plac ncastrat - metoda Rayleigh
x = 0, x = a ncastrare rigid.
( x, y) x =0;x =a = 0
( x , y ) x =0; x =a = 0
y (0,b)
x
Amn X m ( x ) Yn ( y) x =0;x =a = 0 y (0,b) Xm (x) x =0;x =a = 0
Amn Xm ( x ) Yn ( y) x =0;x =a = 0 y (0,b) Xm (x ) x =0;x =a = 0
1
2mx
i prin analogie cu situaia de la barele ncastrate la capete X m (x ) = 1 cos
2
a
2ny
A
2mx
2ny
mn ( x, y) = mn 1 cos
1 cos
4
a
b
Obs. Folosirea metodei ecuaie difereniale n acest caz conduce la o imposibilitate
matematic de calcul a mn i din aceste considerente vom utiliza metoda energetic Rayleigh:
a b
= g
2
p(x, y)
st
p(x, y)
2
st
( x , y)dxdy
p( x , y) = gs = ct
0 0
a b
( x , y)dxdy
0 0
st mn
2mx
2ny
1 cos
1 cos
b
4
a
2
1
a
1
2mx
3a
2mx
1 cos
1 cos
dx =
dx =
8
a
2 0
2
4 0
a
Analog pentru componenta n y.
a b
st mn
g
2 2 = g 16 = 4
2 mn = g
mn
st
st
3a 3b
9 mn
3 mn
stmn2
8 8
Pentru calculul stmn impune condiia de echilibru Lest=List i avem :
a b
mn
est
ab
1
1
= p( x , y) st mn ( x , y)dxdy = gs st mn
4
2
200
mn
ist
a b
2 st mn 2 st mn
1
D
+
dxdy =
2 0 0 x 2
y 2
D st 2 mn
=
2 16
2
2m 2
2ny
2mx
2mx
2ny 2n
0 0 a cos a 1 cos b + b cos b 1 cos a dxdy
a b
167
Capitolul 7
1
2mx
a
cos 2
dx =
40
a
8
mn
ist
1
2mx
2mx
a
cos
1 cos
dx = i analog n raport cu y.
40
a
a
8
4
4
2
2
D st 2 2m a 3b 2n b 3a
2m 2n a b
= mn
+
+ 2
=
2
a b 8 8
a 8 8 b 8 8
4
2
2
4
D 3ab 4 2 4 m 2 m n n st 2
+
+
mn
2 8
8 a 3 a b b
m 4 2 m 2 n 2 n 4
1
ab st
3ab
4 st 2
mn
mn
D mn + +
L est = L ist gs mn =
2
4
8
a 3 a b b
gs
1
stmn =
4
4
2
2
4
3D m
2m n
n
+ +
3 a b
b
a
mn
4
2
2
4
4 m 2 m n n 2 D
=
+ +
3 a 3 a b b s
2
fmn =
mn
2
Fig.7.3-15
a) Cazul sarcini uniform distribuite
2 w (x , y, t )
Es 3
4
(
)
p( x , y, t ) = p sin (t ) D =
= p( x , y, t )
D
w
x
,
y
,
t
s
12(1 2 )
t 2
Conform metodei analizei modale avem :
w ( x, y, t ) = mn ( x, y) mn ( t )
m
s
p
4
&& mn ( t ) = sin t
mn ( x , y) mn ( t ) + D mn ( x, y)
D
n
Funciile de form mn (x, y) verific ecuaia vibraiilor libere:
4 mn ( x, y) =
s2 mn
mn ( x, y)
D
168
Capitolul 7
] Ds
&& mn ( t ) + 2mn mn ( t )
m
mn
( x , y) =
p
sint
D
x ij (x, y )
a b
a b
&& mn ( t ) + 2mn mn ( t ) s mn ( x, y) ij ( x, y)dxdy = p ij ( x, y)dxdy sin t
m n
0 0
0 0
Proprietatea de ortogonalitate a modurilor proprii este:
a a
0; i, j m, n
Pij
2
&
&
=
sin (t )
(
t
)
(
t
)
(
x
,
y
)
(
x
,
y
)
dxdy
=
mmn
ij
ij
ij
ij
0 b
M ij ; i = m, j = n
M ij
ix
jy
sin
b
a
a b
a ix b
jy pab
i
j
Pij = p ij (x, y)dxdy = p sin
dx sin
dy =
1 ( 1) 1 ( 1)
i,j=1,3,5
2
a
b
0 0
0
0
ij
a b
b
a
ix
jy sab
M ij = s ij2 ( x, y)dxdy = s sin 2
dx sin 2
dy =
a
b
4
0 0
0
0
i 2 j 2
Pij
1
D
ij = 2 +
ij =
ij ( t ) = ij ij sin t ij =
2
M ij ij
2
a b s
1 2
ij
ij ( x, y) = sin
][
w ( x , y, t ) = ij ( x , y) ij ij sin t
i j
+ +
pdxdy p =
a
b
, =
2
2
F(, )
4 2 0
+ +
F(, )
ix
jy
sin
sin
dxdy =
2
0
a
b
4
Pij = lim
F(, ) a i( + )
i ( )
j
j
cos
cos
2 sin
sin
=
2
0
a
a
b
b
4
i
j
i
sin
sin
a
b
j
i
b
a lim
=
=
= F(, ) sin
sin
lim
2
2
b 0 i 0 j
a
b
a
i
j
i
j
P ij = F(, ) sin
sin
Pij = F0 sin sin
b
2
2
a
i n rest termenii au aceleai valori ca n cazul precedent.
= lim
D 4 w ( x, y, t ) + x s
2 w ( x , y, t )
2 w ( x , y, t )
s
+
=0
x 2
t 2
169
D=
Es 3
12(1 2 )
Capitolul 7
Fig.7.3-16
La primul mod avem funcia de form:
w 1 ( x, y, t ) = A1 sin
x
y
sin sin 1 t
a
b
4 2 2 4
x
y
D A1 + 2 + sin sin sin 1 t
a
b
a b b
a
2
x
y
x
y
2 2 D x 2
= +
a b s a
Pentru plcile ce i pierd stabilitatea avem (dup primul mod):
2w
x
y
w f ( x, y) = w 0 f sin sin
D 4 w ( x , y) + ki s 2 = 0
a
b
x
2
1
2
2 2
x
y
x
y
D w 0 f + sin sin
ki s w 0 f sin sin
=0
a
b
a
b
a
a b
Da
ki =
s
2 2
2 2 D
( 0)
;
1 = 1( 0 ) 1 x
+
=
+
1
ki
a b
a b s
f1 =
1
2
Fig.7.3-17
170
Capitolul 7
w
4w
4w
2w
Dx
+
2
D
+
D
+
s
=0
x =
; x =
xy
y
4
2
2
4
2
Ax
Ay
x
x y
y
t
1+
1+
a y s
ax s
4
EI y
EI x
; Dx =
a y (1 x y )
a x (1 x y )
Dx =
mn ( x, y) = A mn sin
mx
ny
sin
b
a
; D xy = D x D y
2
2
4
m 4
n 1
m n
mn = 2 D x + 2D xy + D y
b s
a b
a
f mn
2
2
mn 1
n
m
=
=
Dx + Dy
2 2 s
b
a
1
f=
g a0 b0
2
( x , y) w st ( x, y)dxdy
( x , y) w
w stmn ( x, y) = w 0 mn sin
2
st
( x, y)dxdy
mx
ny
sin
b
a
0 0
sin
0
mx
a
(1 cos m)
dx =
m
a
sin
0
m
a
dx =
a
2
2
2
1 m si n impare
f mn
4ab
mn w 0 mn
2
g mn
1
2
g mn
= 2
=
ab
2
m n w 0 mn
w 0 mn
4
Sgeata static w 0 mn se determin din : Lste = Lsti
a b
Lste =
a b
1 4abg
1
1
mx
ny
w 0 mn mn
dxdy =
g w stmn ( x , y)dxdy = gw 0 mn sin
sin
2
m
n
2 00
2
a
b
2
0 0
Lsti = L ie + L i t + L i p =
2
a b
2 w st
D 2 w st 2 w st
0 0 y 2 dxdy + 2 0 0 x 2 + y 2 dxdy =
2
4
4
m 2 n 2 ab 2
1 EI x m EI y n
=
+ w 0 mn
+ D
+
2 ay a
ax b
a
b 4
st
st
Le = Li
EI
= x
2a y
EI y
2 w stmn
dxdy
+
0 0 x 2
2a x
a b
a b
2
4
4
m 2 n 2 ab 2
1 4ab
1 EI x m EI y n
g mn w 0 mn =
+ w 0 mn
+ D
+
2 m n 2
2 ay a
ax b
a
b 4
171
Capitolul 7
w 0 mn =
16g mn
1
6
2
m n EI m 4 EI n 4
m 2 n 2
y
x
+
+ D +
ay a
ax b
a b
2
f mn
m 2 n 2 EI x m 4 EI y n 4
1
D + +
=
+
2
ay a
ay b
a b
A
A
E s3
unde: = s + l + t ; D =
a y a x
12 1 2
Fig.7.3-18.a
Fig.7.13.-18.b
Momentul de inerie Ix include i fia de tabl adiional.
Pentru o travers avem idealizarea:
Fig.7.13-18.c
172
Capitolul 7
1 b3
b3
2
y
=
dy
=
0 2
EI y 4 3 8 48EI y
48 EI y
48EI y
1
k
constanta
de
rigiditatea
a
mediului
elastic
k
=
k= =
b3
a x b3
ax
M
masa pe unitatea de lungime a curentului.
=
a
2w
4w
EIx 4 + 2 + k w = 0
t
x
mx
sin m t (simpl rezemare)
w(x,t) = Amsin
a
=
2
EI y
m
2
EIx - m + k = 0 m =
a
Dac k = 0 m
(0 )
EI x m
EI x m k
+
a
i rezult:
173
fm =
m
=
2
(f ( ) )
0
m
k
4 2