U5 Clase Utile in VB Net

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.
NET
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UNITATEA DE NVARE 5
CLASE NEVIZUALE N VB.NET
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Cuprins
Obiectivele unitii de nvare 5
5.1. Clase utile n VB.NET
Clasa String
Clasa Char
Clasa Date
ntrebri
Bibliografie Unitatea de nvare 5
1
Copyright Departamentul Informatic de Gestiune, 2016
Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

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OBIECTIVELE UNITII DE NVARE 5
nsuirea cunotinelor necesare pentru a nelege proprietile i metodele
specifice claselor String, Char i Date.

Cunoaterea principalelor metode i proprieti specifice i nsuirea modului
lor de utilizare.
Identificarea principalelor prelucrri unde pot fi utilizate aceste clase;
nsuirea tehnicilor necesare documentrii prin folosirea Help-ului i a
instrumentelor ajuttoare utilizate n proiectare.
5.1. Clase utile n VB.NET
Clasa String
Permite definirea tipului de date String. Clasa are proprieti i metode specifice.
Principalele proprieti specifice sunt:
.Length red numrul de caractere din ir;
Chars(index)- returneaz caracterul din ir aflat la poziia precizat de index.
Not: Metodele clasei string furnizate de Help sunt:
The String type exposes the following methods.
Methods
Name
Description
Clone
Returns a reference to this instance of

String.
Compare
Overloaded. Compares two specified String

objects.
CompareOrdinal
Overloaded. Compares two String objects

by evaluating the numeric values of the
corresponding Char objects in each string.
CompareTo
Overloaded. Compares this instance with a

specified object or String and returns an
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indication of their relative values.

Concat
Overloaded. Concatenates one or more

instances of String, or the String
representations of the values of one or
more instances of Object.
Contains
Returns a value indicating whether the

specified String object occurs within this
string.
Copy
Creates a new instance of String with the

same value as a specified String.
CopyTo
Copies a specified number of characters

from a specified position in this instance to
a specified position in an array of Unicode
characters.
EndsWith
Overloaded. Determines whether the end

of an instance of String matches a
specified string.
Equals
Overloaded. Determines whether two

String objects have the same value.
Finalize
Allows an Object to attempt to free

resources and perform other cleanup
operations before the Object is reclaimed
by garbage collection. (Inherited from
Object.)
Format
Overloaded. Replaces each format item in

a specified String with the text equivalent
of a corresponding object's value.
GetEnumerator
Retrieves an object that can iterate
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through the individual characters in this

string.
GetHashCode
Returns the hash code for this string.

(Overrides Object.GetHashCode().)
GetType
Gets the Type of the current instance.

(Inherited from Object.)
GetTypeCode
Returns the TypeCode for class String.
IndexOf
Overloaded. Reports the index of the first

occurrence of a String, or one or more
characters, within this string.
IndexOfAny
Overloaded. Reports the index of the first

occurrence in this instance of any
character in a specified array of Unicode
characters.
Insert
Inserts a specified instance of String at a

specified index position in this instance.
Intern
Retrieves the system's reference to the

specified String.
IsInterned
Retrieves a reference to a specified String.
IsNormalized
Overloaded. Indicates whether this string

is in a particular Unicode normalization
form.
IsNullOrEmpty
Indicates whether the specified String
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object is a null reference (Nothing in

Visual Basic) or an Empty string.
Join
Overloaded. Concatenates a specified

separator String between each element of
a specified String array, yielding a single
concatenated string.
LastIndexOf
Overloaded. Reports the index position of

the last occurrence of a specified Unicode
character or String within this instance.
LastIndexOfAny
Overloaded. Reports the index position of

the last occurrence in this instance of one
or more characters specified in a Unicode
array.
MemberwiseClone Creates a shallow copy of the current

Object. (Inherited from Object.)
Normalize
Overloaded. Returns a new string whose

binary representation is in a particular
Unicode normalization form.
PadLeft
Overloaded. Right-aligns the characters in

this instance, padding on the left with
spaces or a specified Unicode character for
a specified total length.
PadRight
Overloaded. Left-aligns the characters in

this string, padding on the right with
spaces or a specified Unicode character, for
a specified total length.
Remove
Overloaded. Deletes a specified number of

characters from this instance.
Replace
Overloaded. Replaces all occurrences of a

specified Unicode character or String in
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this instance, with another specified

Unicode character or String.
Split
Overloaded. Returns a string array that

contains the substrings in this instance
that are delimited by elements of a
specified string or Unicode character array.
StartsWith
Overloaded. Determines whether the

beginning of an instance of String matches
a specified string.
Substring
Overloaded. Retrieves a substring from this

instance.
ToCharArray
Overloaded. Copies the characters in this

instance to a Unicode character array.
ToLower
Overloaded. Returns a copy of this String

converted to lowercase.
ToLowerInvariant
Returns a copy of this String object

converted to lowercase using the casing
rules of the invariant culture.
ToString
Overloaded. Converts the value of this

instance to a String.
ToUpper
Overloaded. Returns a copy of this String

converted to uppercase.
ToUpperInvariant
Returns a copy of this String object

converted to uppercase using the casing
rules of the invariant culture.
Trim
Overloaded. Removes all leading and

trailing occurrences of a set of specified
characters from the current String object.
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TrimEnd
Removes all trailing occurrences of a set of

characters specified in an array from the
current String object.
TrimStart
Removes all leading occurrences of a set of

characters specified in an array from the
current String object.
Principalele metode de clas (shared methods) care nu necesit existena unei instane
de clas sunt:
.Compare (strA, strB) As integer. Compararea are semnificaie n contextul

alfabetului, nu al numrului de caractere. Rezultatul furnizat va fi:
-
un numr negativ dac: strA < strB;
egal cu zero dac: strA = strB;
pozitiv dac: strA > strB.
Exemplu:
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As
System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
'definire siruri
Dim strA As String = "abc"
Dim strB As String = "af"
'utilizarea metodei Compare
MessageBox.Show(String.Compare(strA, strB))
End Sub
Rezultatul va fi:
Adic "abc" < "af"
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.Concat (strA, strB) As String. Concateneaz dou sau mai multe iruri precizate ca
parametrii.
Exemplu:
'definie siruri
Dim strA As String = "abc"
Dim strB As String = "af"
Dim strC As String = "123"
'utilizarea metodei Concat
MessageBox.Show(String.Concat(strA, strB))
MessageBox.Show(String.Concat(strA, strB, strC, strA, strB, strC,
strA, strB, strC, strA, strB, strC, strA, strB))
End Sub
Rezultatul va fi:
.Copy (strA) As String. Creeaz o copie a irului precizat ca instan.

Exemplu:
'utilizarea metodei Copy
Dim strD As String
StrD = String.Copy(strA)
MessageBox.Show(strD)
Rezultatul va fi:
.Join (separator, vector) As String. Concateneaz elementele unui vector de tip string
insernd separatorul precizat ca prim parametru ntre elemente.
Exemplu:
Dim unVector(2) As String
unVector(0) = "Petre"
unVector(1) = "Ion"
unVector(2) = "Vasile"
MessageBox.Show(String.Join("/", unVector))
Rezultatul va fi:
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Principalele metode la nivel de instan sau obiect (instance methods) care se folosesc
prin intermediu obiectelor de tip String sunt:
.Contains (sir) As Boolean. Returneaz valoarea True, dac irul precizat ca parametru
este coninut (se regsete) n irul instan.
Exemplu:
Dim unSir As String = "Ionescu Ion este student la ASE Bucuresti"
MessageBox.Show(unSir.Contains("ASE"))
End Sub
Rezultatul va fi:
.CompareTo (sir) As integer. Compar irul instan cu irul dat ca parametru.

Compararea are semnificaie n contextul alfabetului, nu al numrului de caractere.
Rezultatul furnizat va fi:
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un numr negativ dac: irul instan < irul dat ca parametru;
egal cu zero dac: irul instan = irul dat ca parametru;
pozitiv dac: irul instan > irul dat ca parametru.
Exemplu:
Dim altSir As String = "Hop si Nenea Ion ca si el e om"
MessageBox.Show(unSir.CompareTo(altSir))
Rezultatul va fi:
Adic unSir > altSir

.EndWith (sir) As Boolean. Returneaz valoarea True, dac irul precizat ca parametru
este coninut (se regsete) la sfritul irului instan.
Exemplu:
Dim altSir As String = "Hop si nenea Ion ca si el e om"
MessageBox.Show(altSir.EndsWith("el e om"))
Rezultatul va fi:
.IndexOf (sir) As Integer. Returneaz valoarea indexului (se ncepe cu zero) a

caracterului din irul instan de unde ncepe subirul precizat ca parametru dac este
coninut (se regsete) n irul instan prima apariie sau -1 n cazul cnd nu se
regsete n irul instan.
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(altSir.IndexOf("Ion"))
MessageBox.Show(unSir.IndexOf("Hop"))
Rezultatul va fi:
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.IndexOf (sir, intreg) As Integer. (varianta suprancrcat) Returneaz valoarea

indexului (se ncepe cu zero) a caracterului din irul instan de unde ncepe subirul
precizat ca prim parametru dac este coninut (se regsete) n irul instan, cutarea
ncepe din poziia stabilit de al doilea parametru, sau -1 n cazul cnd nu se regsete
n irul instan n condiiile de cutare stabilite.
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(altSir.IndexOf("Ion",14))
MessageBox.Show(unSir.IndexOf("s",20))
Rezultatul va fi:
Observaie important: Dac este s examinm Help-ul pentru metoda IndexOf vom avea:
Name
Description
String.IndexOf
Reports the index number, or character position, of the first occurrence of a
(Char)
specified Unicode character in the current String object.
String.IndexOf (Char, Reports the index number, or character position, of the first occurrence of a
Int32)
specified Unicode character in the current String object. The search starts at a
specified character position.
String.IndexOf (Char, Reports the index number, or character position, of the first occurrence of the
Int32, Int32)
specified Unicode character in the current String object. The search starts at a
specified character position and examines a specified number of character
positions.
String.IndexOf
Reports the index number, or character position, of the first occurrence of the
(String)
specified String object in the current String object.
String.IndexOf
(String, Int32)
specified String object in the current String object. The search starts at a
specified character position.
String.IndexOf
(String, Int32, Int32) specified String object in the current String object. The search starts at a
specified character position and examines a specified number of character
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positions.
Ceea ce arat c de fapt metoda este suprancrcat i poate fi utilizat n aceste 6 variante.
Adic fa de variantele prezentate de noi pentru cutarea de subiruri mai putem preciza de
unde s nceap cutarea i cte poziii verific.
.Insert (index, sir) As String. Insereaz subirul precizat ca al doilea parametru n irul
instan ncepnd cu poziia indexului precizat de primul parametru.
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(unSir.Insert(32, "(Academia de Studii Economice) "))
Rezultatul va fi:
.LastIndexOf (sir) As Integer. Returneaz valoarea indexului (se ncepe cu zero) a

caracterului din irul instan de unde ncepe subirul precizat ca parametru dac este
coninut (se regsete) n irul instan ultima apariie sau -1 n cazul cnd nu se
regsete n irul instan.
.Remove (index, numr) As String. terge un numr de caractere, precizat de al doilea
parametru, din irul instan, ncepnd de la o anumit poziie, precizat de primul
parametru.
.Replace (ir vechi, ir nou) As String. nlocuiete peste tot n irul instan, subirul
precizat de primul parametru cu subirul precizat de al doilea parametru (este
suprancrcat permind execuia i la nivel de caracter).
.Split (separator) As String. Umple un vector de tip string cu subirurile extrase din
irul instan, n funcie de separatorul (poate fi un caracter sau un subir) precizat ca
prim parametru.
Exemplu:
Dim rezultat() As String
rezultat = unSir.Split(" ")
'Afisarea primelor 6 celule
For i = 0 To 5
MessageBox.Show(rezultat(i))
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Next
Rezultatul va fi:
.StartWith (sir) As Boolean. Returneaz valoarea True, dac irul precizat ca

parametru este coninut (se regsete) la nceputul irului instan.
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(altSir.StartWith("Hop"))
Rezultatul va fi:
.Substring (index) As String sau .Substring (index, numr) As String. Extrage din irul
instan ncepnd cu indexul precizat (de parametru) subirul pn la sfrit (prima
variant); sau extrage un subir din irul instan ncepnd cu poziia precizat, de
primul parametru, un numr de caractere precizat de al doilea parametru (varianta
doi).
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(unSir.Substring(8, 3))
Rezultatul va fi:
.ToLower () As String. Returneaz o copie a irului de instan scris cu litere mici.

.ToUpper () As String. Returneaz o copie a irului de instan scris cu litere mari.
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.Trim () As String sau .Trim (ir) As String. Elimin spaiile de la nceputul sau
sfritul irului instan (prima variant); sau de la nceputul i sfritul irului
instan, subirul precizat ca parametru (varianta doi).
Exemplu:
MessageBox.Show(unSir.Trim("i"))
Rezultatul va fi:
Not: n versiunile mai recente ale lui VB.NET exist i metodele: .TrimEnd i .TrimStart
Clasa Char
Permite definirea tipului de date Char. Clasa are metode specifice (marea majoritate sunt
metode de tip static).
Principalele metode specifice sunt:
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Metoda
GetNumericValue(Char)
Rezultatul returnat
As Valoarea numeric a caracterului precizat ca parametru
Double
CompareTo(Char) As Integer Compar caracterul instan cu caracterul dat ca
(metod de instan)
Exemplu:
Dim unCarater As
Char = "I"c
MessageBox.Show(un
parametru. Rezultatul furnizat va fi:

-
< caracterul dat ca parametru;

-
Carater. CompareTo("a"c))
Rspuns:-24
IsDigit(Char) As Boolean
un numr negativ dac: caracterul instan
egal cu zero dac:
caracterul instan =
caracterul dat ca parametru;

-
pozitiv
dac:
caracterul
instan
>
caracterul dat ca parametru.

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o cifr i
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Exemplu:
False n caz contrar
MessageBox.Show
(Char.IsDigit("a"c))
Rspuns:False
IsLetter()
True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o liter i
IsLetterOrDigit ()
False n caz contrar

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o liter sau o
IsLower(Char) As Boolean
cifr i False n caz contrar

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o liter mic
Exemplu:
i False n caz contrar
MessageBox.Show
(Char.IsDigit("a"c))
Rspuns:True
IsNumber()
True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o un numr
IsPunctuation()
zecimal sau hexazecimal i False n caz contrar

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o un semn
Exemplu:
de punctuaie i False n caz contrar.
MessageBox.Show
(Char.IsPunctuation(","c))
Rspuns:True
IsSeparator()
True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o un
IsUpper()
separator i False n caz contrar.

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este o majuscul
IsWhiteSpace()
i False n caz contrar.

True dac caracterul dat ca parametru este spaiu i
ToLower()
False n caz contrar.

O valoare de tip caracter echivalent cu litera mic a
ToUpper()
caracterului precizat ca argument

O valoare de tip caracter echivalent cu litera mare a
Exemplu:
caracterului precizat ca argument
MessageBox.Show
(Char.ToUpper("a"c))
Rspuns:A
ToString()
irul echivalent caracterului precizat ca argument
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Clasa Date
Permite definirea tipului de dat calendaristic. Clasa are proprieti i metode specifice.
Principalele proprieti specifice sunt:
a) Proprieti statice
Now conine data i ora sistem;
ToDay conine data sistem;
UtcNow conine data sistem n caracteristici universale de timp (ora meridianului
zero).
Exemplu:
Label4.Text = Date.Now
Label5.Text = Date.Today
Label6.Text = Date.UtcNow
End Sub
Rezultatul:
b) Proprieti de instan
Proprietatea
Date
Day
DayOfWeek
DayOfYear
Hour
Kind
Ce conine
Conine data din variabila de tip dat i or
Conine ziua din lun
Conine ziua din sptmn
Conine ziua din an
Conine ora
Conine cum este reprezentat timpul universal sau local
Exemplu:
Private Sub Button4_Click(ByVal sender As Object,
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button4.Click
Dim oData As Date = Now
MessageBox.Show(oData.Kind)
End Sub
Rspuns: 2 (altfel nu universal)

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Millisecond
Minute
Month
Scond
Ticks
TimeOfDay
Year
Conine milisecundele din instan

Conine minutele din instan
Conine luna
Conine secunda
Transform data i ora n secunde
Conine timpul
Conine anul
Principalele metode de clas (shared methods) care nu necesit existena unei instane
de clas sunt:
.Compare (dcA, dcB) As integer. Compar cele dou date calendaristice. Rezultatul
furnizat va fi:
-
un numr negativ dac: dcA < dcB;
egal cu zero dac: dcA = dcB;
pozitiv dac: dcA > dcB.
Exemplu:
Dim oData As Date = Now
MessageBox.Show("Bau")
Dim altaData As Date = Now
MessageBox.Show(Date.Compare(oData, altaData))
End Sub
Rspunsul va fi un numr negativ.
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.DaysInMonth (an, luna) As integer. Returneaz numrul de zile ale lunii precizate ca
parametrul 2 n cadrul unui an dat ca parametru 1.
.IsLeapYears (an) As boolean. Returneaz True dac anul precizat ca parametru este
bisect.
.Parse (sir) As Date. Convertete irul ntr-o dat calendaristic.
.ReferenceEqual (obiect1, obiect2) As Boolean. Returneaz True dac obiectele au

aceeai referin.
Principalele metode la nivel de instan sau obiect (instance methods) care se folosesc
prin intermediu obiectelor de tip Date sunt:
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Metoda
Add(dat) As Date
Explicaii
Adun data transmis ca parametru la data instan i
AddDays(numr) As Date
returneaz noua dat

Adun zilele, orele, milisecundele, minutele, secundele
AddHours
i anii transmise ca parametrii la data instan i
AddMilliseconds
returneaz noua dat
AddMinuts
AddSeconds
AddYears
ComparTo(dat) As Integer
Compar data instan cu data transmis ca parametru.

Rezultatul furnizat va fi un numr:
- negativ dac: data instan < data parametru;
- egal cu zero dac: data instan = data parametru;
Subtract(dat) As SystemTime
ToLocalTime() As Long
ToLongDateString() As String
ToShortDateString() As String
- pozitiv dac: data instan > data parametru.

Scade data i timpul din data instan
Convertete data instan n funcie de timpul local
Convertete data instan n ir
Convertete data instan scurt n ir
ntrebri
1. Ce sunt proprietile i metodele statice i cum sunt apelate?

2. Ce sunt metodele i proprietile instan i cum sunt apelate?
3. Care sunt principalele operaii care se pot executa asupra irurilor?
4. Care sunt principalele operaii care se pot executa asupra datelor de tip caracter?
5. Care sunt principalele operaii care se pot executa asupra datelor calendaristice?
Bibliografie Unitatea de nvare 1
1. A. COZGAREA Programarea calculatoarelor, introducere n VB.NET, Editura

ASE Bucureti, 2008;
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2. Gh. POPESCU Programarea calculatoarelor n limbajul Visual Basic, Editura

Gestiunea Bucureti, 2007;
3. Octavian DOSPINESCU Dezvoltarea aplicaiilor n VB.NET, Editura Polirom
Iai, 2004.
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OBIECTIVELE UNITII DE NVARE 1............................................................2

1.1. Necesitatea programrii, programe informatice...............................2
1.2. Algoritmi.................................................................................................. 4
1.3. Limbaje de programare..........................................................................6
1.4. Metode de programare...........................................................................8
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Bibliografie Unitatea de nvare 5

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

OBIECTIVELE UNITII DE NVARE 5

nsuirea cunotinelor necesare pentru a nelege proprietile i metodele

specifice claselor String, Char i Date.

5.1. Clase utile n VB.NET

Returns a reference to this instance of

Overloaded. Compares two specified String

Overloaded. Compares two String objects

Overloaded. Compares this instance with a

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

indication of their relative values.

Overloaded. Concatenates one or more

Returns a value indicating whether the

Creates a new instance of String with the

Copies a specified number of characters

Overloaded. Determines whether the end

Overloaded. Determines whether two

Allows an Object to attempt to free

Overloaded. Replaces each format item in

Retrieves an object that can iterate

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

through the individual characters in this

Returns the hash code for this string.

Gets the Type of the current instance.

Returns the TypeCode for class String.

Overloaded. Reports the index of the first

Overloaded. Reports the index of the first

Inserts a specified instance of String at a

Retrieves the system's reference to the

Retrieves a reference to a specified String.

Overloaded. Indicates whether this string

Indicates whether the specified String

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

object is a null reference (Nothing in

Overloaded. Concatenates a specified

Overloaded. Reports the index position of

Overloaded. Reports the index position of

MemberwiseClone Creates a shallow copy of the current

Overloaded. Returns a new string whose

Overloaded. Right-aligns the characters in

Overloaded. Left-aligns the characters in

Overloaded. Deletes a specified number of

Overloaded. Replaces all occurrences of a

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

this instance, with another specified

Overloaded. Returns a string array that

Overloaded. Determines whether the

Overloaded. Retrieves a substring from this

Overloaded. Copies the characters in this

Overloaded. Returns a copy of this String

Returns a copy of this String object

Overloaded. Converts the value of this

Overloaded. Returns a copy of this String

Returns a copy of this String object

Overloaded. Removes all leading and

Unitatea de nvare 5 PROGRAMAREA N VB.NET

Removes all trailing occurrences of a set of

Removes all leading occurrences of a set of

.Compare (strA, strB) As integer. Compararea are semnificaie n contextul

un numr negativ dac: strA < strB;

egal cu zero dac: strA = strB;