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forta electromotoare
- Determinarea unor marimi
caracteristice solutiilor de electroliti pe
baza relatiei existente intre potentialul
de electrod si compozitia solutiei:
- pH
- f
- Ka
- Ks
Determinarea pH-ului
Electrozi indicatori de pH :
electrodul de hidrogen
electrodul de stibiu
electrodul de chinhidron
electrodul de sticl
Electrodul de hidrogen
H+/H2 (Pt)
RPA: H+ + e- 1/2 H2
aH +
E = 0.059 lg 1/ 2
pH 2
Q/QH2(Pt)
aQ = aQH2 = 1
(neelectrolit)
Sb/Sb2O3
RPA: Sb2O3 + 6H+ + 6e- 2 Sb + 3H2O
aSb2O3 = aSb = aH2O = 1 (neelectroliti)
E = 0.059 lg a H + = 0.059 pH
sol
RT aH +
H+sol H+sticla = 0 sticla + ln sticla
F aH +
sol sticla
M+ aH + aM +
sticla + H+ sol H+ sticla + M+ sol K sch = sticla sol
aH + aM +
+ aM + = a = const.
sticla sticla
aH +
aH + ( a aH +
sol sticla
)
K sch = sticla sol
aH + aM +
+ K sch aM +
sol sol sol
aH + aH +
=
aHsticla
+ a
<< K sch aM +
sol sol
Daca aH +
b
Curba de titrare
potentiometrica normala
a HA .a H 2O
Cnd aA- = aHA, adic la semiechivalen,
(
Ka = a H O+
3
) 0 ,5 Ech
n soluii diluate: f+ = f- = f
iar dac soluiile de AgNO3 i KX au aceeai lg f=-Ac1/2
concentraie:
E = 0,118 lg c + 0,118 lg f - 0,059 lg PAgX
E - 0,118 lg c = -0,118 Ac1/2 - 0,059 lg PAgX
Determinarea factorilor de
activitate
2 pile in opozitie
(-) Ag/AgCls/AgClsat,HCl/H2,Pt/Pt,H2/HCl,AgClsat/AgCls/Ag(+)
E = E2 - E1 a1 > a2
E1 = 0Ag/AgCl -0.059 lg (acl-)1-0.059 lg (aH+)1
E2 =0Ag/AgCl-0.059 lg (acl-)2-0.059 lg (aH+)2
a a
a a
E
0
.
0
5
9
l
g
1
H
C
l
+
=
2
2
H
C
l
Dar, in HCl
aH+= aCl-= a = fc
(a1 ) 2 c1 ( f )1
E = 0.059 lg E = 0 . 118 lg + 0 . 118 lg
( a2 ) 2 c2 ( f )2
c1
E 0.118 lg = 0.118 lg( f )1 0.118 lg( f ) 2
c2 lg f = A c