Lucrare de laborator nr.

1
CREAREA DESENULUI PLANULUI FUNDAŢII
Scopul lucrării: Studiu avansat al modului de operare a programului AutoCAD. Executarea desenului
planului fundaţii.
Obiectivele lucrării: Studierea modului de utilizare avansată a aplicaţiei AutoCAD. Cunoaşterea
metodelor de construire a unui plan fundaţie de dimensiunele date. Modalitatea de elaborare a părţilor
componente cu ajutorul entităţilor liniare şi circulare şi a modalităţilor de editare a lor. Executarea
reprezentării şi cotarea de tip planul fundaţiei.
Etapele de executare a lucrării:
1. Stabilirea limitelor desenului.
2. Stabilirea straturilor.
3. Stabilirea modului ORTHO de desenare.
4. Construirea axelor.
5. Construirea conturului de bază al reprezentării pereţilor.
6. Crearea blocurilor al reprezentării coloanelor.
7. Crearea elementelor al reprezentării fundaţiei.
8. Cotarea desenului.
9. Salvarea desenului.
Exemplu de executare a lucrării:
 1.Stabilirea limitelor desenului:
Format → Drawing Limits

Command: _limits
LIMITS Reset Model space limits:
LIMITS Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF]<0.0000, 0.0000>:0,0
LIMITS Specify upper right corner <420.0000, 297.0000>: 210,297

2.Stabilirea straturilor desenului:

Format → Layer (sau Layer Properties Manager)
 3.Stabilirea modului ORTHO de desenare:
ORTHO (sau butonul <F8>)

Command: _ortho
ORTHO Enter mode [ON/OFF] <ON>: on
4.Construirea axelor
Axele se vor construi cu comanda Line, se va completa cu cercuri - Circle şi vor fi denumite cu comanda Mtext în stratul
“Axe”. Pentru copierea axelor la o distanţă stabilită se vor utiliza comenzile Copy şi Rectangular Array. Atunci când e
necesară construirea liniilor înclinate, se vor utiliza cordonatele polare, se va utuliza modul POLAR de lucru, sau se va
folosi formatul de întroducere a unghiului <45.

LINE (sau shortcut-ul „L”)

Command: _line
LINE Specify first point:
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] :
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] : *Cancel*
CIRCLE (sau shortcut-ul „C”)
Command: _circle
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P
CIRCLE Specify second end point of circle's diameter: 800
 MULTILINE TEXT (sau shortcut-ul „MT”)
Command: _mtext
Current text style: "Standard" Text height: 2.5 Annotative: No
Specify first corner:
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width/Columns]: H
Specify height <2.5>: 439
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width/Columns]: J
Enter justification [TL/TC/TR/ML/MC/MR/BL/BC/BR] <TL>: MC
Specify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Line spacing/Rotation/Style/Width/Columns]:
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 2 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 5800
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: 9400
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
ROTATE (sau shortcut-ul „RO”)
Command: _rotate
ROTATE Current positive angle in UCS: ANGDIR=counterclockwise ANGBASE=0.00
ROTATE Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 2 found
ROTATE Select objects:
ROTATE Specify base point:
ROTATE Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0.00>: C
ROTATE Rotating a copy of the selected objects.
ROTATE Specify rotation angle or [Copy/Reference] <0.00>: -90
*Apoi vom roti textul DENUMIRII_AXEI la 90° folosind comanda ROTATE
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 2 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 600
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: 5800
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*

TEXTEDIT (sau shortcut-ul „TE”)

Command: _tedit
TEXTEDIT Current settings: Edit mode = Multiple
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]:
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]:
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]:
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]:
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]:
TEXTEDIT Select an annotation object or [Undo/Mode]: *Cancel*

5.Construirea conturului de bază al reprezentării pereţilor:

În stratul “Contur” se va construi conturul de bază al reprezentării pereţilor cu comenzile Line, Polyline. Se consideră de
bază axele poziţia cărora sunt determinate prin cote. Apoi cu ajutorul comenzii Offset se va da grosime pereţilor şi cu
ajutorul comezii Copy se vor copia pentru formarea pereţilor interiori. Pentru conexiunele pereţilor vom folosi comanda
Extend şi Trim.
 NEW UCS (sau shortcut-ul „UCS”)
Command: _ucs
UCS Current ucs name: *WORLD*
UCS Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis] <World>: _o
UCS Specify new origin point <0,0,0>:

POLYLINE (sau shortcut-ul „PL”)

Command: _pline
PLINE Specify start point: -200,-1400
PLINE Current line-width is 0.0000
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 7400
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 9800
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 5600
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 3600
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 600
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: <35
PLINE Angle Override: 35
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: 2100
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:
PLINE Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: *Cancel*
OFFSET (sau shortcut-ul „O”)
Command: _offset
OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
OFFSET Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <Through>: 400
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
 LINE (sau shortcut-ul „L”)
Command: _line
LINE Specify first point: (sau 5600,800)
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] :
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] : *Cancel*
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: 1 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 200
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 2 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 2000
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
EXTEND (sau shortcut-ul „EX”)
Command: _extend
EXTEND Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
EXTEND Select boundary edges ...
EXTEND Select objects or <select all>: 1 found
EXTEND Select objects:
EXTEND Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: Specify opposite corner: Specify opposite corner:
EXTEND Select object to extend or shift-select to trim or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/Undo]: *Cancel*
LINE (sau shortcut-ul „L”)
Command: _line
LINE Specify first point: (sau 3800,1000)
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] :
LINE Specify next point or[Undo] : *Cancel*
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: 1 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>: 200
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
TRIM (sau shortcut-ul „TR”)
Command: _trim
TRIM Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
TRIM Select cutting edges ...
TRIM Select objects or <select all>:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: *Cancel*
 6.Crearea blocurilor al reprezentării coloanelor:
Pentru elaborarea coloanelor care sunt formate din beton şi armătură vom folosi comanda Polygon pentru contur şi
comanda Donut pentru formarea armăturii în secţiune.

POLYGON (sau shortcut-ul „POL”)

Command: _ polygon Enter number of sides <4>:4
POLYGON Specify center of polygon or [Edge]:
POLYGON Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] <C>: c
POLYGON Specify radius of circle: 200

DONUT (sau shortcut-ul „DO”)

Command: _ donut
DONUT Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5000>: 0
DONUT Specify outside diameter of donut <1.0000>: 55
DONUT Specify center of donut or <exit>: 109,109
DONUT Specify center of donut or <exit>: 109,-109
DONUT Specify center of donut or <exit>: -109,-109
DONUT Specify center of donut or <exit>: -109,109
DONUT Specify center of donut or <exit>:
BLOCK (sau shortcut-ul „B”)
Command: _ block
BLOCK Select objects: Specify opposite corner: 5 found
BLOCK Select objects: Specify insertion base point:
COPY (sau shortcut-ul „CO”)
Command: _copy
COPY Select objects: 1 found
COPY Select objects:
COPY Current settings: Copy mode = Multiple
COPY Specify base point or [Displacement/mOde] <Displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array] <use first point as displacement>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
COPY Specify second point or [Array/Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*

7.Crearea elementelor al reprezentării fundaţiei:

În crearea fundaţiei continuu la fel vom folosi metoda de creare a copiei concentrice cu ajutorul comenzii Offset în baza
conturului pereţilor atât pe partea exterioară cât şi pe cea interioară. Pentru conectarea fundaţiilor sub intersecţia pereţilor
vom folosi comanda Trim şi comanda Fillet cu raza 0.

OFFSET (sau shortcut-ul „O”)

Command: _offset
OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
OFFSET Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <400.0000>: 300
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: *Cancel*
 OFFSET (sau shortcut-ul „O”)
Command: _offset
OFFSET Current settings: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
OFFSET Specify offset distance or [Through/Erase/Layer] <300.0000>: 200
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Specify point on side to offset or [Exit/Multiple/Undo] <Exit>:
OFFSET Select object to offset or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>:*Cancel*
MIRROR (sau shortcut-ul „MI”)
Command: _ mirror
MIRROR Select objects: 1 found
MIRROR Specify first point of mirror line:
MIRROR Specify second point of mirror line:
MIRROR Erase source objects? [Yes/No] <No>:
TRIM (sau shortcut-ul „TR”)
Command: _trim
TRIM Current settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None
TRIM Select cutting edges ...
TRIM Select objects or <select all>:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]:
TRIM Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or
[Fence/Crossing/Project/Edge/eRase/Undo]: *Cancel*
FILLET (sau shortcut-ul „F”)
Command: _fillet
FILLET Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000
FILLET Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: r
FILLET Specify fillet radius <0.0000>: 0
FILLET Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]:
FILLET Select second object or shift-select to apply corner or [Radius]:

8. Cotarea desenului:
Cotarea se va executa pe stratul “Cote” utilizând instrumentele din bara Dimension sau din meniul Dimension.
Însă înainte de a începe cotarea vom creea stilul de dimensiuni din cadrul Dimension Style Manager. Din cadrul
managerului de stiluri de dimensiuni putem:

 Crea un stil nou de dimensiuni.

 Modifica un stil existent de dimensiuni.
 Suprascrie peste un stil de dimensiuni existent
 Compara două stiluri de dimensiuni
 Seta stilul de dimensiuni selectat
 Redenumirea stilului de dimensiuni
 Ştergerea stilului de dimensiuni

DIMENSION STYLE (sau shortcut-ul „D”)

Command: '_dimstyle
 DIMENSION LINIAR (sau shortcut-ul „DLI”)
Command: _dimlinear
DIMLINEAR Specify first extension line origin or <select object>:
DIMLINEAR Specify second extension line origin:
DIMLINEAR Non-associative dimension created.
DIMLINEAR Specify dimension line location or
[Mtext/Text/Angle/Horizontal/Vertical/Rotated]:
Dimension text = 4849

DIMENSION CONTINUE (sau shortcut-ul „DCO”)

Command: _dimcontinue
DIMCONTINUE Specify second extension line origin or [Select/Undo] <Select>:
DIMCONTINUE Select continued dimension:
DIMCONTINUE Specify second extension line origin or [Select/Undo] <Select>:
Dimension text = 1851
DIMCONTINUE Specify second extension line origin or [Select/Undo] <Select>:
Dimension text = 2800
DIMCONTINUE Specify second extension line origin or [Select/Undo] <Select>:
Dimension text = 800
DIMCONTINUE Specify second extension line origin or [Select/Undo] <Select>:
DIMCONTINUE Select continued dimension: *Cancel*

TOLERANCE (sau shortcut-ul „TOL”)

Command: _tolerance
Enter tolerance location:
 9. Salvarea desenului:
Desenul se va salva ca fişier .dwg (în versiunea AutoCAD necesară) în mapa creată pentru păstrarea desenelor,
utilizând comanda Save As din meniul File(sau meniul Aplicaţiei) sau apăsând combinaţia de
taste<Ctrl><Shift><S>.

SAVE AS (sau shortcut-ul <Ctrl><Shift><S>)

Command: _saveas