Universitatea Tehnica "Gh.

Asachi" din Iasi

Facultatea de Constructii si Instalatii
Specializarea: Management si Tehnologii Speciale in Constructii

Structuri Speciale din beton

-proiect-

Masterand :
Anul I
 Tema proiectului

Sa se proiecteze o placa din beton pentru o structura in cadre cu urmatoarele

caracteristici:

n := 22

L := ( 10 + 0.1⋅ n ) = 12.2 ( m)
T := ( 15 − 0.1⋅ n ) = 12.8
( m)

Cladirea va fi amplasata in localitatea Roman, va avea destinatia de birouri, regim de

inaltime P+8, beneficiarul avand urmatoarele cerinte
-sa nu existe grinzi secundare
-placa de beton sa fie cat mai subtire
Proiectantul are deplina libertate de a alege sistemul constructiv pe baza unei
argumentatii temeinice.

Predimensionare

h f := Ceil  ⋅ min( L , T) , 0.01 = 0.31

1
 40 

Evaluarea incarcarilor:

1. Placa din beton armat

d := h f = 0.31 ( m) γba := 25  KN 
 3
m 
  KN 
gpba := d ⋅ γba = 7.75  2
m 

tencuiala

d t := 0.01 ( m) γt := 17  KN 
 3
m 
gt := d t ⋅ γt = 0.17  KN 
 2
m 

sapa
γs := 21  KN 
d s := 0.03 ( m)  3
m 

gs := d s⋅ γs = 0.63  KN 
 2
m 

parchet

d p := 0.012 ( m) γp := 8  KN 
 3
m 

gp := d p ⋅ γp = 0.096  KN 
 2
m 

gtot := gpba + gt + gs + gp = 8.646  KN 

 2
m 

Greutate proprie

p := gtot = 8.646  KN 
 2
m 
 Incarcare utila

q := 3.5  KN 
 2
m 

Valori de calcul ale incarcarilor:

p d := 1.35⋅ p = 11.672  KN 
 2
m 

q d := 1.5⋅ q = 5.25  KN 
 2
m 

gd := p d + q d = 16.922  KN 
 2
m 

Calculul momentelor incovoietoare

Placa tip 1

l x := L

l y := T

lx
λ l := = 0.953
din stas 10107/2-1992- tabel 5 ly
α0 := 0.0218

α1 := 0.0266

α2 := 0.0193

α3 := 0.0193

α4 := 0.0674

Momente pozitive in
camp : - la centru

2
M x := α0 ⋅ gd ⋅ l x = 54.907

2
M y := α1 ⋅ gd ⋅ l y = 73.749

Momente maxime negative pe reazeme

2
M x1 := α3 ⋅ gd ⋅ l x = 48.611

2
M y1 := α4 ⋅ gd ⋅ l y = 186.868

Placa tip 2

l x = 12.2

l y = 12.8
 lx
din stas 10107/2-1992- tabel 6 λ 2 := = 0.953
ly

α0 := 0.0165

α1 := 0.0157

α2 := 0.0246

α3 := 0.0504

α4 := 0.0654

Momente pozitive in camp la centru

2
M x2 := α0 ⋅ gd ⋅ l x = 41.558

2
M y2 := α1 ⋅ gd ⋅ l y = 43.529

Momente maxime negative pe reazeme

2
M x12 := α3 ⋅ gd ⋅ l x = 126.942

2
M y12 := α4 ⋅ gd ⋅ l y = 181.323

Evaluarea necesarului de armatura

6 8
( )
M max := max M x , M y , M x1 , M y1 , M x2 , M y2 , M x12 , M y12 ⋅ 10 = 1.869 × 10 ( Nmm)
h := h f ⋅ 1000 = 310 ( mm)

ap := 40 ( mm)

h ap := h − ap = 270 ( mm)

z := h ap⋅ 0.85 = 229.5 ( mm)

Toron BS 15.7 mm
A1tp := 150 (mm2)
 N 
fpk := 1770  2
 mm 

σpd := 0.65⋅ fpk = 1150.5  N 

 2
 mm 

M max
Apnec :=
0.85⋅ σpd⋅ z
= 832.618 (mm2)

 Apnec 
n t := Ceil , 1 = 6 toroane
 A1tp 

Ap := n t ⋅ A1tp = 900 (mm2)

Tensiune in armatura la transfer:

fp0.1k := 0.9⋅ fpk = 1593

 N 
( )
σpmax := min 0.8⋅ fpk , 0.9⋅ fp0.1k = 1416  2
 mm 

Pierderi de tensiune datorate scaparilor din blocaje:

λ 1 := 4 ( mm) scaparea din blocajul 1

λ 2. := 0 ( mm) scaparea din blocajul 2

Lp := 2 ⋅ L⋅ 1000 = 24400 ( mm) lungimea placii (2*L)

Ep := 195000  N  modulul de elasticitate a armaturii pretensionate

 2
 mm 

λ1 + λ2  N 
∆σλ := ⋅ Ep = 39.584  2
Lp  mm 

Tensiuni in armatura la transfer:

 N 
( )
σpm0x := min 0.75⋅ fpk , 0.85⋅ fp0.1k = 1327.5
 2
 mm 
 σp0 := σpmax − ∆σλ ≤ σpm0x = 0

σp0 := σpmax − ∆σλ = 1376.416

Np0 := Ap ⋅ σp0 = 1238774.039 ( N)

Tensiuni in beton la transfer

STABILIREA CARACTERISTICILOR GEOMETRICE IDEALE ALE SECTIUNII DE CAMP
SI REAZEM

Ep
n p := (
Aci := Ac − Ap + n p ⋅ Ap = ⋅ Ac + n p − 1 ⋅ Ap )
Ec

i ΣAi ⋅ yi ( )
Ac⋅ y1 + n p − 1 ⋅ Ap ⋅ ap s i
yg := = ⋅ yg := h − yg
Aci Aci

2 2
Ici := Ic + Ac⋅  yg − y1  + n p − 1 ⋅ Ip + n p − 1 ⋅ Ap ⋅  yg − ap 
i i
  ( ) (
 ) 

Ip := 0

beton C35/45 Ecm := 34000  N 

 2
 mm 
Ec := 1.05⋅ Ecm = 35700  N 
 2
 mm 
 Ep
n p := = 5.462
Ec

Ac := h ⋅ 1000 = 310000 (mm2)

Aci := Ac − Ap + n p ⋅ Ap = 314015.966 (mm2)
h
y1 := = 155
2

( )
Ac⋅ y1 + n p − 1 ⋅ Ap ⋅ ap
yGi := = 153.529 ( mm)
Aci

yGs := h − yGi = 156.471 ( mm)

EVALUAREA TENSIUNILOR IN BETON LA TRANSFER IN SECTIUNEA DE CAMP

s c
c
Np0 Np0⋅ ep s
Mg s c
Np0 Np0⋅ ep i
Mg i
σs0 := − ⋅ yg + ⋅ yg σi0 := + ⋅ yg − ⋅ yg
Aci Ici Ici Aci Ici Ici

i
ep := ygc − ap b p := 1

3
bp⋅ h
Ic :=
12
= 2482583.333 (mm4)
Ici := Ic + Ac⋅ yGi − y1 )  = 54914497.49 ( mm )
2 2 4
 ( ) ( ) (
+ n p − 1 ⋅ Ip + n p − 1 ⋅ Ap ⋅ yGi − ap ) (

ep := yGi − ap = 113.529 ( mm)

 g ⋅ L2 
pba 3
M Gc :=   ⋅ 10 = 144188.75 ( Nmm)
 8 
Np0 Np0⋅ ep M Gc
σs0c := − ⋅ yGs + ⋅ y = −396.369
Aci Ici Ici Gs

Np0 Np0⋅ ep M Gc
σi0c := + ⋅ yGi − ⋅ y = 396.733
Aci Ici Ici Gi

EVALUAREA TENSIUNILOR IN BETON LA TRANSFER IN SECTIUNE DE REAZEM

r
r Np0 Np0⋅ ep s Mg s
σs0 := + ⋅ yg − ⋅ yg
Aci Ici Ici

r
r Np0 Np0⋅ ep i Mg i
σi0 := − ⋅ yg + ⋅ yg
Aci Ici Ici
VERIFICARI ALE TENSIUNILOR IN BETON SI LA TRANSFER PENTRU SECTIUNILE
C-C SI Z-Z

camp reazem
r
c σi0 ≥ −fctk( t )
σs0 ≥ −fctk( t )
r
c σs0 ≤ 0.6⋅ fck( t )
σi0 ≤ 0.6⋅ fck( t )

fctk( t ) = ⋅ 0.7⋅ fctm ( t ) ( )

fck( t ) = ⋅ fcm( t ) − 8 MPa

fcm( t ) = ⋅ βcc ( t ) ⋅ fcm

fctm := 3.2  N 
 2
 mm 

fctk := 0.7⋅ fctm = 2.24  N 

 2
 mm 

fck := 35  N 
 2
 mm 

fctk.0.95 := 4.2  N 
 2
 mm 

( )
σs0c ≥ − fctk = 0

σi0c ≤ 0.6⋅ fck = 0

EVALUAREA TENSIUNILOR IN BETON SI ARMATURA IN EXPLOATARE

PIERDERI DE TENSIUNE DIN FENOMENE REOLOGICE (RELAXARE,CURGERE LENTA
SI CONTRACTIE)
unde:
εcs – valoarea estimat a a contract iei
pr – varia tia efortului in armatura din relaxare
(t,t0) – coeficientul de curgere lenta la momentul t
c,QP – tensiunea in beton in imediata vecin atate a armaturii sub
act iunea fort ei de precomprimare, a greutatii proprii,
precum si a altor incarcari cvasipermanente (acolo unde
este cazul)
Ac – aria sectiunii de beton
Ic – momentul de inertie al sectiunii de beton
zcp – distanta dintre centrul de greutate al sectiunii de beton
si cel al armaturilor pretensionate

εcs = εcd ( t ) + εca (t )

cd (t) – deformatia totala datorata
contract iei de uscare ca (t) –
deformatia totala datorata contractiei
endogene t – timpul la care se face
verificarea (90 zile)

εcd (t ) = βds (t , t s )⋅εcd , ∞ = β ds (t , t s )⋅kh ⋅εcd ,0

t −ts
β ds (t , ts )=
t −t s − 0, 04 ⋅ h03

ts – varsta betonului la inceputul contractiei de uscare (in mod normal

aceasta corespunde sfarsitului tratamentului) – 3 zile
h0 – raza medie a sectiunii transversale (mm)
Ac -aria sectiunii de beton
u -perimetrul partii expuse la uscare

2 ⋅ Ac
h o :=
u

b p := 1000

U := 2 ⋅ h + 2 ⋅ b p = 2620
2 ⋅ Ac =>
h 0 := = 236.641
U
  ( 300 − h 0) ⋅ ( 0.75 − 85) 
kh := − − 0.85 = 54.23 interpolare
 ( 300 − 200 ) 

t := 90

t s := 3

ε cd0 := 0.52

ε cd0
ε cd := kh ⋅ = 0.028
1000

βas := 1 − e
( − 0.2⋅ t0.5) = 0.85

 N 
fck = 35  2
 mm 

−6
( )
ε caα := 2.5⋅ fck − 10 ⋅ 10 =0

ε ca := βas⋅ ε caα = 0

ε cs := ε cd + ε ca = 0.028
fck – rezistenţa caracteristica
 N 
Ep = 195000  2 Ep - modulul de elasticitate a armaturii precomprimate
 mm 
∆ σpr – pierderea de tensiune din relaxarea armaturii
σpo – tensiunea in armatura la transfer
p1000 := 8 %
ρ1000 – pierderea de tensiune la 1000 de ore de la
Ecm = 34000  N 
 2 pretensionare Ecm- - modulul de elasticitate al
 mm  betonului

σp0
μ := = 0.778
fpk
 p1000 6.7⋅ μ  t 
0.75⋅ ( 1− μ)
−5
 N 
∆σpr := 5.39⋅ σp0⋅ ⋅e ⋅  ⋅ 10 = 0.727  2
100  1000   mm 

RH := 50 % umiditatea

fcm := 43  N  (35/45)-rezistenta medie la compresiune

 2
 mm 

0.7
 35 
α1 := f  = 0.866
 cm 
0.2
α2 := 
35 
 = 0.96
 fcm 

 RH 
 1− 
100
ϕRH :=  1 + ⋅ α1  ⋅ α2 = 1.631
 3
0.1⋅ h 0 
 
16.8
βfcm := = 2.562
fcm

t 0 := 28 varsta betonului la momentul incarcarii

1
βt0 := = 0.488
0.2
0.1 + t 0

ϕ0 := ϕRH⋅ βfcm⋅ βt0 = 2.041

0.5
α3 := 
35 
 = 0.902
 fcm 

βH := 1.5⋅ 1 + ( 0.012⋅ RH)

18
 ⋅ h 0 + 250⋅ α3 = 580.546
 0.3
 t − t0 
βc :=   = 0.496
 βH + t − t0 

ϕt.t0 := ϕ0 ⋅ βc = 1.012 ϕt.t0 coeficient de fluaj, curgere lenta

ϕRH
factor ce tine seama de influenta umiditatii

RH umiditatea

t0 varsta betonului la momentul incarcarii

fcm rezistenta medie la compresiune

Ac aria sectiunii de beton

Ic
momentul de inertie al sectiunii de beton

zcp distanta de la centrul de greutate al armaturii la

centrul de greutate al sectiunii

( )
Ac := Aci − n p − 1 ⋅ Ap = 310000 (mm2)
Ic := Ici − ( n − 1 ) ⋅ I − ( n − 1 ) ⋅ A ⋅ ( y − a ) 2 = 1.094 × 108
 p p p p Gs p 
(mm4)
zcp := ep = 113.529 ( mm)

σc.QP tensiune in beton pe directia armaturii in gruparea P+0.4Z

2
( p + 0.4⋅ q ) ⋅ L
M QP := = 186.906 ( KNm)
8

3
Np0 Np0⋅ zcp M QP ⋅ 10  N 
σc.QP := + ⋅ zcp − ⋅ zcp = 294.309  2
Aci Ici Ici  mm 
 Ec
ε cs⋅ Ep + 0.8⋅ ∆σpr + ⋅ ϕt.t0⋅ σc.QP
Ecm
∆σp.c.s.r := = 2732.62  N 
  2
2
Ep Ap Ac
1+ ⋅ ⋅1 + (
⋅ z  ⋅ 1 + 0.8⋅ ϕt.t0 )  mm 
Ecm Ac Ic cp
 

TENSIUNI IN ARMATURA IN EXPLOATARE

σp := σp0 − ∆σp.c.s.r⋅ 0.1 = 1103.154  N 

 2
 mm 

Ap ⋅ σp
Np := = 992.838 ( KN)
1000

TENSIUNI IN BETON IN EXPLOATARE

STARI LIMITA ULTIME

2
( 1.35⋅ p + 1.5⋅ q ) ⋅ L
M maxSLU := = 314.836 ( KNm)
8
6
Np0 Np0⋅ zcp M maxSLU ⋅ 10
σibSLU := + ⋅ yGi − ⋅ yGi = −240.486  N 
Ac Ic Ic  2
 mm 
6
Np0 Np0⋅ zcp M maxSLU ⋅ 10
σsbSLU := − ⋅ yGs + ⋅ yGs = 253.162  N 
Ac Ic Ic  2
 mm 
 TENSIUNI IN BETON IN EXPLOATARE

STARI LIMITA DE SERVICIU

2
( p + 0.4⋅ q ) ⋅ L
M maxSLS := = 186.906 ( KNm)
8

3
Np0 Np0⋅ zcp M maxSLS⋅ 10
σibSLS := + ⋅ yGi − ⋅ yGi = 201.113
Ac Ic Ic
 N 
3  2
Np0 Np0⋅ zcp M maxSLS⋅ 10  mm 
σsbSLS := − ⋅ yGs + ⋅ yGs = −196.898
Ac Ic Ic

fck  N  fctd := 2.8  N 

fcd := = 23.333  2  2
1.5  mm   mm 

σibSLU ≥ −fctd = 0 σsbSLU ≤ fcd = 0

−3
σsbSLS ≤ 0.6⋅ fck⋅ 10 =1
σibSLS ≥ 0 = 1