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Analgezice Opioide
Analgezice Opioide
Efecte:
SNC:
Indicatii: Sdr algic acut intens, IMA, Cr inoperabil, colici, obstetrica, edem pulm acut, neuroleptanalgezie, anestezie i/v
Contraindicatii: HT i/craniana, traume cranio-cerebrale, convulsii, coma alc, abdomen acut, sarcina
RA:
MA: agonist neselectiv a receptorilor opioizi, stimul sist monoaminergic (transm impuls nerv), stimul sist α2-adrenergic din SNC, sedativ, antitusiv
Ind: interv chirurgicale, proced diagn, neoplazii maligne, IMA, neuralgii, traume
CI: intox acuta cu alcool, hipnotice, analgezice; hipersen; <2 ani
RA: dependenta, transpiratii, ameteli, greata, voma, palpitatii, hTA ortostatica, colaps, convulsii, depresie respiratorie
Doza: tab 50mg sau 20pic p/o
Rectal 1 supoz
I/v, i/m, s/c 100mg
ANALGEZICE PERIFERICE
MA: ↓ COOX → ↓form PGL, smpt inflamatiei, ↓sensib nociceptorilor pt bradikinina, histamina.
Dexketoprofen:
MA – inhiba COOX, control nivelul unor neuromediatori
Doza – 12.5mg 1-6ori/zi pina la 25mg la 8 ore
Ind – sdr algic moderat, maladii acute si cronice a apar locomotor, dismenoree, cefalee, dureri dentare
Ketorolac:
MA – AINS+analgezic+antipiretic, ↓ COX1 si 2
Doza – 10mg p/o (max 40) la 4-6ore 5 zile
Ind – sdr algic posoperator, neolasm, traume, mialgii
CI – bronhospasm, edem angioneurotic, triada aspirinica, ulcer, deshidratare, hipocoag, insuf hep-ren
RA – deregl dispeptice, hemor TGI, anxietate, meningita aseptica, convulsii, halucinatii, insuf renala acuta, bradicardie, hTA, astm, dispnee, dermatita exfoliativa, sdr Lyell,
sdr Steavens-Johnson, trombocitopenie, tulb de gust, de vedere, hipoacuzie.
I. Propriu-zise
A. centrale
1. opioide – morfina, trimeperidina, fentanil
2. neopioide
a) antipiretice – paracetamol, fenacetina, panadol
b) diverse – clonidina, carbamazepina, valproat de Na
3. actiune mixta – tramadol
B. periferice
1. ac acetilsalicilic si derivatii
2. deriv pirazolonei – metamizol, fenilbutazona
3. deriv ac acetic – ketorolac
4. diverse – ketoprofen, nefopan
5. AINS
a) neselective – diclofenac, ibuprofen, indometacina
b) selective – nimesulid, celecoxib
II. Coanalgezice (potenteaza ef analgezic) – neuroleptice, antidepresive triciclice, miorelaxante
III. Paraanalgezice (pe linga ef farmaco de baza poseda ef analgezic) – glucocort, nitrati, antiacide
Clasificare: