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Se consideră :
• Toţi pacienţii sunt potenţial infectaţi
• Spalarea mainilor
1. Halatul
2. Masca
3. Ochelarii de protectie/protectoarele faciale
4. Manusile
Echiparea cu halat protector
• Se imbraca halatul
• Se ajusteaza masura
Echiparea cu manusi de protectie
• Partea contaminata
• exteriorul care a venit in contact cu pacientul,
suprafete si obiecte contaminate din mediu
• Partea curata:
• in interiorul echipamentului,
• legaturile de la gat si de la cap-zone ce sunt mai
putin probabil contaminate/ de a fi venit in contact
cu suprafetele de mediu
Secvente de scoatere a echipamentului
de protectie
1. Manusile
3. Halatul
4. Masca
Scoaterea manusilor
• Se prind dinspre partea interioara;
• Se scoat tragand fiecare manusa fara sa se atinga exteriorul;
• Se pun in recipientul de deseu infectios
Indepartarea ochelarilor/protectoarelor faciale
• Se dezleaga legaturile
• Se scoate incepand de la gat si umeri
• Se impatureste cu partea contaminata spre interior
• Se pune in recipentul de deseu infectios
Scoaterea mastii
peste 50 identificati:
▪ Principalii :
▪ Virusul hepatitei B (VHB)
▪ Virusul hepatitei C( VHC)
▪ Virusul imunodeficientei umane (HIV)
▪ Alti agenti :
▪ Plasmodium ( malarie, falciparum, vivax)
▪ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
▪ Treponema spp, Leptospire, Brucella,
▪ Rikettsii
▪ Toxoplasma gondii
▪ Citomegalvirus, herpesvirus
▪ Stafilococ auriu, criptococcus neoformans
▪ Virusul Ebola
Sursa : WHO best practices for injections and related procedures toolkit March 2010
http://www.who.int/injection_safety/toolbox/en/
Virusurile cu transmitere prin sange
• Virusul hepatita B(VHB) , virusul hepatitei
C (VHC) si virusul imunodeficientei
umame (HIV) :
– Pot fi transmise in timpul activitatii medicale
– Pot produce infectii cronice
– Pot fi prezente la persoane care nu cunosc ca
poarta aceste virusuri
Factori care infuenteaza riscul
profesional de transmitere
• Frecventa infectiilor in randul pacientilor
• Riscul de transmitere dupa o expunere la sange
(tipul de virus)
• Tipul si frecventa contactului cu sangele si
fluidele biologice
Riscul de infectie in AES percutan
HCV 60-80% 3% Nu
*) Prüss-Üstün A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Estimation of the global burden of disease attributable to contaminated sharps injuries among health-care workers.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 2005, 48(6):482–490. http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/global/7sharps.pdf
Factori de gravitate AES
Inoculare profunda
Cantitatea de sange inoculata
Legat de accident Aplicarii unor masuri imediate
Sursa :http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/pdf/sharpsworkbook_2008.pdf
Date statistice SUA- National surveillance system for healthcare workers (NaSH)
Sursa :http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/pdf/sharpsworkbook_2008.pdf
Date statistice SUA- National surveillance system for healthcare workers (NaSH
Sursa: http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/pdf/sharpsworkbook_2008.pdf
Date statistice SUA- National surveillance system for healthcare workers (NaSH)
Sursa: http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/pdf/sharpsworkbook_2008.pdf
Bibliografie
• Ministerul Sanatatii ORDIN nr. 1101/ 2016 privind aprobarea Normelor de supraveghere,
prevenire şi control al infectiilor associate asistentei medicale
• Ministerul Sanatatii . Ghid practic Managementul expunerii accidentale la produse
biologice
• Guidelines for the Management of Occupational Exposures to HBV, HCV, and HIV and
Recommendations for Postexposure Prophylaxis MMWR June 29, 2001 / 50(RR11);1-42
• Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings—2003 ;CDC. MMWR 2003;52(No.
RR-17)
• Resurse web:
• http://www.who.int/injection_safety/toolbox/en/AM_HCW_Safety_EN.pdf
• http://www.cdc.gov/sharpssafety/tools.html
• http://www.who.int/injection_safety/sign/en/
• http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/prevent/ppe_train.html
• http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/protective-measures-staff/en/
• http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/pdf/
http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/infectioncontrol/guidelines/index.htm