Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Utilizarea terenurilor:
o
puni: 13%
altele: 11%
Republica Moldova face parte din grupul rilor bazinului Mrii Negre. Cu acestea,
precum i cu statele dunrene, ntreine strnse legturi comerciale reciproc
avantajoase. Hotarul ei de sud se ntinde pn aproape de Marea Neagr, ieirea la
mare
deschizndu-se
prin
limanul
Nistrului
fluviul
Dunrea.
est cu altitudinea medie de circa 147 m deasupra nivelului mrii. n partea central
a ei se afl Codrii, regiunea cea mai ridicat, cu altitudinea maxim de 429,5 m
(dealul Blneti, raionul Nisporeni) i puternic fragmentat de vi i vlcele.
Resursele minerale ale Republicii Moldova snt reprezentate preponderent de
roci sedimentare, cum ar fi calcarul, creta, ghipsul, nisipul, gresia, bentonita, tripoli
i diatomita, care pot fi folosite la construcii, la producerea cimentului i a sticlei,
n industriile alimentar, chimic, metalurgic etc.
Reeaua hidrografic include peste 3000 de ruri i rulee, dintre care 10 au
lungimea de peste 100 km. Principalele ruri snt Nistru (1352 km, pe teritoriul rii
657 km), Prut (976 km, pe teritoriul rii 695 km), deasemenea 60 de lacuri
naturale i circa 3000 lacuri de acumulare, peste 2200 de izvoare cu ap natural.
nveliul de sol al Moldovei este mnos i variat, fiind constituit din peste 745
de varieti de soluri. Cernoziomurile alctuiesc circa 75% din suprafaa teritoriului
rii. Solurile brune i cenuii de pdure ocup 11%, iar cele aluviale, adeseori
salinizate i nmltinite 12%.
Flora Republicii Moldova, variat i bogat, cuprinde peste 5,5 mii specii de
plante slbatice.
Fauna Republicii Moldova este relativ bogat i variat. n ar vieuiesc peste
15,5 mii specii de animale, inclusiv 461 specii de vertebrate i peste 15.000 specii
de nevertebrate.
Se observa din aceast formul i din diagrama de mai jos c n proiecia Gauss
deformaiile liniare relative sunt pozitive i direct proporionale cu distana faa de
meridianul axial.
4
II
III
3
Tabelul 2.1
Nr.punctului
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
X[m] iniial
5120000
5140000
5115000
5135000
5125000
Y[m] iniial
-205000
-200000
-195000
-190000
-185000
X[m] calculat
5133060
5153060
5128060
5148060
5138060
Y[m] calculat
-218060
-213060
-208060
-203060
-198060
9
{ X x + N [ km] + N [ m]
{Y y N [ km] + N [ m]
N
Se cere:
1. Calculul coreciei
aproximaia de
i j
0 '' ,01 ;
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ale
+x
1
2
2 2
1
2 3
3
3
4 4
10
N ''
= 13 013 '13,10 ''
100
0
0
2 = 1 + 40 = 13 13 '13,10 '' + 40 0 = 53 013'13,13 ''
1 = N 0 + N ' + N '' +
f
= m ( x 2 x1 ) ( 2 y1 y 2 )
3
f
= m ( x 2 x1 ) ( 2 y 2 + y1 )
3
R = 6377287,395[ m]
f m = 25,358 10 10 = 0,0000000025358
'' = f a b sin c
a = 6378247 m
b = 6356863m
Tabelul 2.2
Triunghi 1
13
12
2 1
2 3
32
31
= 0.94
1 = 13 12 = 4.71
= 3.77
=10,89
2 = 2 1 2 3 = 15.5
= 4.61
=13,29
3 = 32 31 = 10,61
= 2,68
C= 1 + 2 + 3 = 21,4
2
34 = 3.60
32 =13,29
11
23 = 4.61
24 = 0.94
4 2 = 2,62
4 3 = 10,38
C= 1 + 2 + 3 = -0,36
3 = 42 43 = 13
= f a b sin c = 00 010 ' 46 ''
35 =1.84
34 = 3.60
1 = 35 34 = 1,76
4 3 = 10,38
4 5 = 1.76
54 = 5.06
53 = 5.10
C= 1 + 2 + 3 = -20,54
2 = 43 45 = 8,62
2 = 23 24 = 3.67
3 = 54 53 = 10,16
= f a b sin c =
10 0 01'14,02 ''
m
y
y
S = s 1 +
+
2
4
2
m
24
m
R
R
y +y y +y y +y y +y
;
;
;
2
2
2
2
1
y y;
1
y =
y y;
2
y =
y y;
4
y =
y y;
5
Rezultate:
S1 =
S2 =
S3 =
S4 =
4015,422m
9018,041m
14020,41m
20023,27m
y2
y4
+
;
2 R 2 24 R 4
D = ( 1) 10 3 ( cm / km ) .
Nr.
Tabelul 2.3
D ( cm / km )
1,00057106
1
6
1,00054487
0,571065995
3
1,00051929
0,544873016
5
1,00050673
0,519295079
0,506736746
24
n care:
- latitudinea punctului;
lrad se determin astfel: l = - o ;
o - longitudinea meridianului axial al fusului; o = 27o;
- longitudinea punctului;
t mrime egal cu t = tg
- mrime egal cu 2 = e12 cos 2 ;
e12 = 0,0067385
D = ( 1) 10 5 ( cm / km );
Tabelul 2.4
Calculul modulului de deformaie liniar i deformaia liniar relativ n proiecia
Gauss-Kruger funcie de coordonatele i pentru zona
de ordine
1
48o
47o30
47o00
Republicii Moldova
l = - o
3
10
20
30
40
50
o
1 0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
30
40
50
o
1 0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
2o2000
1,006851
1,027419
1,061744
1,109896
1,17197
1,000069
1,000083
1,000099
1,000116
1,000138
1,000158
1,063766
1,113964
1,179279
1,00007
1,000085
1,000101
1,000119
1,000138
1,000158
1,000281
1,00031
1,000086
1,000102
1,00012
1,000139
1,00016
1,000285
1,000314
1,000344
D(cm/km)
5
Continuare tab. 2.4
685,1299
2741,894
6174,415
10989,57
17196,96
6,850165
8,288703
9,864245
11,57679
13,79213
15,83284
6376,59
11396,4
17927,88
7,036749
8,51448
10,13295
11,89217
13,79213
15,83284
28,14764
31,03287
8,611392
10,24829
12,02754
13,94914
16,01309
28,46822
31,38634
34,44683
14
46o30
46o00
2o3000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
1,000376
1,000105
1,000123
1,000143
1,000164
1,000292
1,000322
2o2000
2o3000
2o4000
2o5000
3o0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
1,000354
1,000386
1,000421
1,000457
1,000657
1,000089
1,000106
1,000125
1,000145
1,000166
1,000295
37,64971
10,51774
12,34379
14,31593
16,43418
29,21712
32,21208
Continuare tab. 2.4
35,35318
38,64042
42,07381
45,65336
65,74366
8,934912
10,63333
12,47945
14,47327
16,61482
29,53838
y2
y4
+
2 R 2 24 R 4
Tabelul 2.5
Calculul modulului de deformaie i deformaia liniar relativ n proiecia GaussKruger funcie de coordonatele x, y pentru Republica Moldova
de ordine
1
Y (km)
2
D (cm/km)
4
15
nr ord
1
2
3
10
20
30
1,000001232
1,000004927
1,000011087
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
1,000019709
1,000030796
1,000044346
1,00006036
1,000078838
1,000099779
1,000123184
1,000149053
1,000177385
1,000208181
1,000241441
1,000277164
1,000315351
1,000356002
1,000399117
1,000444695
1,000492737
1,000543242
1,000596211
1,000651644
1,000709541
1,000769901
10
1,000001232
1,000002464
20
1,000004927
1,000009854
30
1,000011087
1,000022174
40
1,000019709
1,000039418
50
1,000030796
1,000061593
60
1,000044346
1,000088694
70
1,00006036
1,000120724
8
9
10
80
90
100
1,000078838
1,000099779
1,000123184
1,000157682
1,000199568
1,000246383
0,12318414
0,492736558
1,108657256
Continuare tab. 2.5
1,970946232
3,079603488
4,434629023
6,036022836
7,883784929
9,977915301
12,31841395
14,90528088
17,73851609
20,81811958
24,14409135
27,71643139
31,53513972
35,60021632
39,9116612
44,46947437
49,27365581
54,32420553
59,62112353
65,16440981
70,95406436
76,9900872
D
0,2464
0,98540
2
2,21741
2
3,94183
9
6,15929
5
8,86939
7
12,0723
6
15,7682
2
19,9568
24,6383
16
11
110
1,000149053
1,000298128
12
120
1,000177385
1,000354801
13
130
1,000208181
1,000416405
14
140
1,000241441
1,00048294
15
150
1,000277164
1,000554405
16
160
1,000315351
1,000630801
17
170
1,000356002
1,000712131
18
180
1,000399117
1,000798393
19
190
1,000444695
1,000889588
20
200
1,000492737
1,000985717
21
210
1,000543242
1,001086779
22
220
1,000596211
1,001192777
23
230
1,000651644
1,001303713
24
240
1,000709541
1,001419585
25
250
1,000769901
1,001540395
2
29,8128
2
35,4801
5
41,6405
3
48,2940
3
55,4404
8
63,0801
4
71,2130
7
79,8393
3
88,9587
8
98,5716
8
108,677
9
119,277
7
130,371
3
141,958
5
154,039
5
3. PROIECII AZIMUTALE
17
polului geografic;
18
= 90 o
n= =
x
R cos
p = m*n
sin w / 2 =
a b
= tg (45 + w / 2) =
a +b
a
b
19
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
-129 28'52.19"
-12217'15.95"
-11505'39.72"
-10754'03.49"
-10042'27.25"
-9330'51.02"
-8619'14.79"
-7907'38.56"
-7156'02.32"
-6444'26.09"
-5732'49.86"
-5021'13.82"
-4309'37.39"
-3558'01.16"
-2846'24.93"
-2134'48.69"
-1423'12.46"
-711'36.23"
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
7 11 36.23"
1423'12.46"
2134'48.69"
2846'24.93"
3558'01.16"
4309I37.39"
5021'13.82"
5732'49.86"
6444'26.09"
71056I02.32"
7907'38.56"
8619'14.79"
9330'51.02"
10042'27.25"
10754'03.49"
11505'39.72"
12217'15.95"
12928'52.19"
'
40
50
60
70
80
90
m
4445394.1
5556742.6
6668091.1
7779439.7
8890788.2
10002136.7
(m)
6855888.4
5744539.9
4633191.4
3521842.8
2410494.3
1299145.8
(cm) n
13.39
11.22
9.05
6.88
4.71
2.54
20
= (-0);
= c-(m);
y = C- sin ;
c = R ctg o + (m);
(m) = R (rad).
1
-180
-170
-160
-150
-140
-130
-120
-110
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
-129 28'52.19"
-12217'15.95"
-11505'39.72"
-10754'03.49"
-10042'27.25"
-9330'51.02"
-8619'14.79"
-7907'38.56"
-7156'02.32"
-6444'26.09"
-5732'49.86"
-5021'13.82"
-4309'37.39"
-3558'01.16"
-2846'24.93"
-2134'48.69"
-1423'12.46"
-711'36.23"
0
'
7 11 36.23"
1423'12.46"
2134'48.69"
2846'24.93"
3558'01.16"
4309'37.39"
5021'13.82"
5732'49.86"
6444'26.09II
7156'02.32"
7907'38.56"
8619'14.79"
9330'51.02"
10042'27.25"
10754'03.49"
11505'39.72"
12217'15.95"
x(m)
3
15642300.51
14951746.2
14204557.94
13366492.01
12541576.07
11696544.53
11756666.32
12600771.51
13469851.83
14259015.36
15002593.57
15688756.78
16307705.45
16877195.27
17328494.75
1768691.35
17946773.48
18104397.85
4445394.1
4498167.15
4655791.52
4915663.65
5274070.25
5725369.73
6294859.55
6913808.28
7599971.43
8343549.64
9132713.17
10058983.31
10845898.68
11696544.53
12541576.07
13366492.01
14204557.94
14951746.22
y(m)
4
-5306483.6
-5802938.90
-6210812.95
-6537123.53
-6742764.84
-6844484.91
-6840747.86
-6731607.09
-6503884.44
-6185064.44
-5770918.65
-5268137.79
-4683901.69
-3989035.29
-3267402.37
-2495411.32
-1685424.40
-849015.51
0
849015.51
1685424.40
2495411.32
3267402.37
3989035.29
4683901.69
5268137.79
5770918.65
6185064.44
6503884.44
6731607.09
6840747.86
6844484.91
6742764.84
6537123.53
6210812.95
5802938.90
xcm/n
5
30.55
29.20
27.74
26.11
24.49
22.84
21.18
19,53
17,84
16,30
14,84
13,50
12,29
11,18
10,30
9,60
9,09
8,78
8.68
8.78
9.09
9.60
10.30
11.18
12.29
13.50
14.84
16.30
17.84
19.53
21.18
22.84
24.50
26.11
27.74
29.20
ycm/n
6
-10.36
-11.33
-12.13
-12.77
-13.17
-13.37
-13.26
-13.15
-12.70
-12.08
-11.27
-10.29
-9.15
-7.79
-6.38
-4.87
-3.29
-1.66
0
1.66
3.29
4.87
6.38
7.79
9.15
10.29
11.27
12.08
12.70
13.15
13.36
13.37
13.17
12.77
12.13
11.33
21
180
12928'52.19"
15642302.27
5306483.6
30.55
10.36
R = 6367558 m;
p = mn;
n=
40
50
60
70
80
90
;
R cos
sin
a = n;
6855888.4
5744539.9
4633191.4
3521842.8
2410494.3
1299145.8
a b
;
a +b
m = 1;
b=m;
= 2 arcsin
n=p
1.01106088
1.009599051
1.046818568
1.163267146
1.568184147
a b
a +b
0 37'45"
032'50.49"
237'16.95"
839'24.26"
2533'49.34"
22
= 1+
= 1+
4R 2
4R 2
unde:
R = 6379,703km;
= x2 +y 2 ;
2 R cos cos
X =
;
1 +sin
2 R cos sin
Y =
;
1 +sin
D = ( 1) 10 5 ( cm / km ) ;
Tabelul 4.1
23
= x +y
de
D(cm/km)
2
ordine
1
2
3
4
5
10
4897,87707
1,00003008
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
20
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
30
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
40
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
50
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
1 0000
2
4897,87707
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
2
4897,87707
5
1,00003008
3,008478882
2
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,008478882
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
1 5000
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
30
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
40
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
50
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
1 0000
9
4987,51614
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
3,063538915
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
o
48 o
o
1 1000
7
48 o
o
1 2000
8
48 o
o
1 3000
9
48 o
o
1 4000
10
47 o30'
o
11
12
13
14
47 o30'
47 o30'
47,30'
47,30'
o
15
16
47 o30'
47 o30'
1 1000
24
1 2000
17
47 o30'
o
1 3000
18
47 o30'
o
1 4000
19
47 o30'
o
1 5000
20
47 o30'
o
2 0000
21
47 o30'
o
2 1000
22
47 o30'
1o1000
23
47 o
o
1 2000
24
47 o
o
1 3000
25
47 o
o
1 4000
26
47 o
o
1 5000
27
47 o
o
2 0000
28
47 o
o
2 1000
29
47 o
o
2 2000
30
47 o
o
2 3000
31
47 o
o
1 2000
32
46 o30'
o
1 3000
33
46 o30'
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
9
4987,51614
5
1,00003063
3,063538915
5026,06368
3,063538915
Continuare tab. 4.1
1,00003087
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5026,06368
2
1,00003087
3,087216408
6
5116,31878
2
1,00003142
3,087216408
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
3,142654829
25
1o4000
34
46 o30'
o
1 5000
35
46 o30'
o
2 0000
36
46 o30'
o
2 1000
37
46 o30'
o
2 2000
38
46 o30'
o
2 3000
39
46 o30'
o
2 4000
40
46 o30'
o
2 5000
41
46 o30'
o
3 0000
42
46 o30'
5116,31878
1,00003142
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
9
5116,31878
7
1,00003142
3,142654829
7
1,00003166
3,142654829
5155,13465
5
1,00003166
3,166497138
5155,13465
5
1,00003166
3,166497138
5155,13465
5
1,00003166
3,166497138
5155,13465
5
1,00003166
3,166497138
5155,13465
5
1,00003166
3,166497138
5155,13465
3,166497138
1 1000
43
46 o
o
1 2000
44
46 o
o
1 3000
45
46 o
o
1 4000
46
46 o
o
1 5000
47
46 o
o
2 0000
48
46 o
Tabelul 4.2
Calculul modulului de deformaie liniar i deformaia liniar relativ n proiecia
stereografic 1933
de
ordine
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
48
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47,30'
47,30'
47 o30'
10
20
30
40
50
o
1 0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
30
40
50
o
1 0000
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4897,877
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
4987,516
5026,064
5026,064
5026,064
5026,064
5026,064
5026,064
= 2
D(cm/km)
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,00006
6,017048
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
Continuare tab.4.2
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000061
6,127172
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
47 o
47 o
47 o
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o
2o1000
2o2000
2o3000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
2o2000
2o3000
2o4000
2o5000
3o0000
1o1000
5026,064
5026,064
5026,064
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5116,319
5155,135
44
45
46
47
48
46 o
46 o
46 o
46 o
46 o
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
5155,135
5155,135
5155,135
5155,135
5155,135
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000062
6,174528
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,285408
1,000063
6,333095
Continuare tab. 4.2
1,000063
6,333095
1,000063
6,333095
1,000063
6,333095
1,000063
6,333095
1,000063
6,333095
Tabelul 4.3
de noduri
3
6
9
14
17
20
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
51
= x2 + y2
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
sec ant
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
D(cm/km)
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
28
sec ant = C +
4cR 2
c cons tan t ;
c = 0,99975;
D = ( 1) 10 5 ;
R = 6379,703m;
Tabelul 4.4
Distanele aproximative i azimutale ale rerlei cartografice n unele noduri n
proiecia stereografic 1933 pe zona republicii Moldova
Nr Nr.
nod
1
2
1 13
2 14
3 35
4 37
5 46
6 65
7 72
8 71
9 61
10 52
11 43
12 44
13 45
B
o
3
45 o
45 o
46 o
46 o
47 o
47 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
L
'
4
30'
30'
30'
30'
00'
00'
30'
30'
00'
30'
00'
00'
00'
5
28 o
28 o
29 o
30 o
29 o
29 o
27 o
27 o
27 o
27 o
28 o
28 o
29 o
D, km
'
6
00'
30'
00'
00'
30'
00'
30'
00'
00'
30'
00'
30'
00'
7
236.4
364.8
462.9
376.9
437.9
563.4
576.2
576.2
563.4
483.2
437.2
437.2
437.2
12
8
101 24'47''
99 o 17'39''
75 o 13'57''
77 o 43'15''
67 o 20'28''
48 o 19'32''
28 o 09'02''
22 o 15'49''
27 o 04'44''
41 o 25'16''
15 o 39'47''
61 o 45'42''
64 o 53'43''
o
21
9
283 16'47''
281 o 31'06''
257 o 50'12''
261 o 02'50''
250 o 19'06''
230 o 57'49''
209 o 41'50''
203 o 26'36 ''
208 o 15'13 ''
222 o 57'19''
239 o 33'11''
244 o 00'51''
247 o 30'38''
o
categoria
Deformaiile lungimilor.
sec
30
R = 6 378, 956 681 km este raza medie de curbur a sferei terestre pentru
punctul central al proieciei.
31
culoarea rou pentru valori negative ale deformaiilor (distana din teren >
distana plan proiecie);
culoarea albastr pentru valori pozitive (distana teren < distana plan
proiecie).
;
2cR 2
1) 10 5 ;
= X 2 +Y 2 ;
Tabelul 5.1
Calculul modulului de deformaie liniar i deformaia liniar relativ n proiecia
stereografic 1970
N
10
1
48 o
48 o
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
23989199,81
9 29452,6889
Continuare tab.5.1
1,29452688
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
29452,6889
23989199,81
29452,6889
30
3
48 o
40
48 o
1,29452688
20
2
sec
29452,6889
33
50
5
48 o
1,29452688
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
29452,6889
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
29452,6889
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
29452,6889
23989199,81
9
1,29452688
29452,6889
23989199,81
9
1,30541541
29452,6889
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541
24875317,34
24875317,34
3 30541,54126
1,30541541 30541,54126
1 0000
6
48 o
o
1 1000
7
48 o
o
1 2000
8
48 o
o
1 3000
9
48 o
o
1 4000
10
47 o30'
o
1 5000
11
47 o30'
30
12
47 o30'
40
13
47,30'
50
14
47,30'
o
1 0000
15
47 o30'
o
1 1000
16
47 o30'
o
1 2000
17
47 o30'
o
1 3000
18
47 o30'
o
1 4000
19
47 o30'
o
1 5000
20
47 o30'
o
2 0000
21
22
47 o30'
47 o30'
2 1000
34
3
1,31015852
1 1000
23
47 o
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
Continuare tab.5.1
1,31015852
25261316,18
8 31015,85277
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1 2000
24
47 o
o
1 3000
25
47 o
o
1 4000
26
47 o
o
1 5000
27
47 o
o
2 0000
28
47 o
o
2 1000
29
47 o
o
2 2000
30
47 o
2o3000
31
47 o
o
1 2000
32
46 o30'
o
1 3000
33
46 o30'
o
1 4000
34
46 o30'
o
1 5000
35
46 o30'
o
2 0000
36
46 o30'
o
2 1000
37
46 o30'
o
2 2000
38
46 o30'
o
2 3000
39
46 o30'
35
2o4000
40
46 o30'
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32140689
26176717,95
3 32140,68932
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
1,32630602
26575413,26
1 32630,60213
2 5000
41
46 o30'
o
3 0000
42
46 o30'
o
1 1000
43
46 o
o
1 2000
44
46 o
o
1 3000
45
46 o
o
1 4000
46
46 o
o
1 5000
47
46 o
o
2 0000
48
5.2.
46 o
Tabelul 5.2
Calculul modulului de deformaie liniar i deformaia liniar relativ a ariilor n
proiecia stereografic 1970
N
1
48
10
Msec
1,29452689
p=Msec
1,6758
D
67579,99
36
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47,30'
47,30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o30'
47 o
47 o
47 o
20
30
40
50
o
1 0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
30
40
50
o
1 0000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
1o1000
1o2000
1o3000
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,31015853
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o30'
46 o
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
2o2000
2o3000
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
2o1000
2o2000
2o3000
2o4000
2o5000
3o0000
1o1000
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,31015853
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32140689
1,32630602
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,6758
67579,99
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,704109 70410,94
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
Continuare tab.5.2
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,716515 71651,54
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,746116 74611,62
1,759088 75908,77
37
46 o
46 o
46 o
46 o
46 o
44
45
46
47
48
1o2000
1o3000
1o4000
1o5000
2o0000
1,32630602
1,32630602
1,32630602
1,32630602
1,32630602
1,759088
1,759088
1,759088
1,759088
1,759088
75908,77
75908,77
75908,77
75908,77
75908,77
Tabelul 5.3
Distanele aproximative i azimutale ale rerlei cartografice n unele noduri n
proiecia stereografic 1970 pe zona republicii Moldova
Nr Nr. B
nod o
1 2
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
13
14
35
37
46
65
72
71
61
45 o
45 o
46 o
46 o
47 o
47 o
48 o
48 o
48 o
L
'
4
30'
30'
30'
30'
00'
00'
30'
30'
00'
D, km
'
6
28 o
00'
28 o
29 o
30 o
29 o
29 o
27 o
27 o
27 o
30'
00'
00'
30'
00'
30'
00'
00'
7
239.94
5
277.93
2
313.39
0
389.49
1
362.82
0
376.73
7
336.21
6
316.47
7
269.37
12
8
102 o 18'48''
21
9
248 o 27'45''
100 o 16'00''
282 o 47'00''
78 o 20'41''
261 o 14'06''
79 o 59'15''
263 o 36'33''
70 o 32'16''
253 o 48'10''
52 o 23'17''
253 o 10'32''
33 o 22'01''
209 o 19'01''
27 o 50'53''
33 o 38'59''
8
253.54
10
11
12
13
52
43
44
45
47 o
47 o
47 o
47 o
30'
00'
00'
00'
27 o
28 o
28 o
29 o
30'
00'
30'
00'
6
255.69
3
290.72
8
326.51
47 o 58'35''
245 o 19'36''
63 o 00'01''
248 o 45'56''
66 o 15'34''
251 o 33'25''
68 o 39'17''
262 o 32'13''
de noduri
2
3
6
9
14
y
3
10
20
30
40
4
1,000001232
1,000004927
1,000011087
1,000019709
D(cm/km)
5
0,12318414
0,492736558
1,108657256
1,970946232
39
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
17
20
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
51
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
1,000030796
1,000044346
1,00006036
1,000078838
1,000099779
1,000123184
1,000149053
1,000177385
1,000208181
1,000241441
1,000277164
3,079603488
4,434629023
6,036022836
7,883784929
9,977915301
12,31841395
14,90528088
17,73851609
20,81811958
24,14409135
27,71643139
24
5
D = ( 1) 10 ( cm / km );
Tabelul6.2
Proiecia stereografic 1933
de ordine
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
sec ant = C +
4cR 2
c cons tan t ;
de noduri
2
3
6
9
14
17
20
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
51
= x2 + y2
3
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4897,877072
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
4987,516149
sec ant
4
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780092
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
0,999780643
D(cm/km)
5
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,99076881
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
-21,93569501
c = 0,99975;
R = 6379,703m;
40
Tabelul 6.3
Proiecia stereografic 1970
de ordine
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
de noduri
2
3
6
9
14
17
20
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
51
sec ant
3
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,29452689
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
1,30541541
p
4
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,6758
1,704109
1,704109
1,704109
1,704109
1,704109
1,704109
D(cm/km)
5
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
67579,99
70410,94
70410,94
70410,94
70410,94
70410,94
70410,94
CONCLUZIE
41
42
BIBLIOGRAFIE
1. Alexei, A., (2004c) Metode de culegere a datelor cartografice,
Buletin tiinific al Sesiunii Naionale de Comunicri tiinifice, 2627 Noiembrie
43