Calculul termic al motorului cu aprindere prin scanteie

Puterea nominala
Turatia nominal
Numarul de cilindrii

Pn=
nn=
i=

Parametrii initiali
T0=
p0=
Tr=
pr=
lambda=
epsilon=

259 kW
5200 rot/min
6

293
1.02 10^5
1000
1.2 10^5
1
11.5

K
N/m2
K {900-1000}
N/m2 {1,05..1,25}
{0,851}
{7,5....11}

Parametrii procesului de schimbare a gazelor:

Se adopta:
pa=
0.86 10^5
deltaT=
25
nup=
1.1

N/m2 {0,7..0,9}
K {1540}
{1,05...1,2}

352.24 CP

temperatura initiala
presiunea initiala
temperatura gazelor reziduale
presiunea gazelor reziduale
coeficientul de exces de aer
raportul de comprimare

presiunea la sfarsitul admisiei

preincalzirea amestecului
coeficient de postumplere

Se determina prin calcule

Coeficientul gazelor reziduale
Gammar= (T0+deltaT)pr/Tr(epsilon*pa*nup-pr)=

0.039
{0,06..0,12}

Temperatura la sfarsitul admisiei

Ta=(T0+deltaT+gammarTr)/(1+Gammar)=

343.868 K
{310...330}

Coeficientul de umplere
EtaV=((paT0/p0Ta)*(epsilon/(epsilon-1))*(nup/(1+Gammar))=

0.83
{0,75...0,9}

Parametrii procesului de comprimare

Se adopta:
n1=

1.34

{1,32...1,39}

coeficient politropic de comprimare

Se determina
Presiunea la sfarsitul comprimarii
pc=pa*epsilon^n1=

22.690 10^5

{10..20}

N/m2

{600750}

Temperatura la sfarsitul comprimarii:

Tc=Ta*epsilon^(n1-1)=

Parametrii procesului de ardere

Se adopta: c=
0.854
h=
0.142
o=
0.004
Qi=
43500
ksi=
Mo=

0.9
0.00877193

788.914

kg
kg
kg
kJ/kg
kcal/kg

compozitia benzinei
compozitia benzinei
compozitia benzinei

[0,85..0,95]
1/114

coef de utilizare a caldurii

masa molara a combustibilului

Aerul minim necesar arderii combustibilului este

Lmin=1/0,21*(c/12+h/4-o/32)=

0.507 kmol aer/kg comb

Cantitatea de aer arderii combustibilului

L=lambda*Lmin=

0.507 kmol aer/kg comb

Cantitatea de incarcatura proaspata, raportata la 1 kg combustibil

M1=lambda*Lmin+M0

0.516

Coeficientul teoretic de variatie molara a incarcaturii proaspete pentru <1

mu0=(0,79*lambda*lmin+h/2+0/12)/(lambda*Lmin+M0)=

1.052

Coeficientul real de variatie molara a incarcaturii proaspete:

muf=(mu0+Gammar)/(1+Gammar)=

1.050055936

Caldura specifica molara medie a amestecului initial

Cmv'=20+17,4*10^(-3)*Tc=

33.727 kJ/kmolK

Caldura specifica molara medie a gazelor de ardere pt lambda<1

Cmv"=(18,4+2,6*lambda)+(15,5+13,8*lambda)*10^(-4)Tz=

21.000
21.000

0.003 Tz
29.300 10^-4Tz

Caldura specifica degajata de arderea incompleta va fi:

Qai=Qi-deltaQai=Qi-61000(1-lambda)=

43500.000

Temperatura la sfarsitul arderii

ksiQai/((lambdaLmin+M0)(1+gammar))+Cmv'*Tc=Cmv"*muf*Tz

30.767 10^-4
DELTA=

Tz^2

22.051 Tz

-99586.012 :=0

1711.825
3140.257 K {24003000}

Tz1=
Presiunea la sfarsitul arderii
pz=pc*muf*Tz/Tc

9483786.218 N/m2

94.838 10^5

Tinand cont de rotunjirea diagramei:

p'z=FI*pz= 9009596.907 N/m2=

90.09596907 10^5 N/m2

Gradul de crestere a presiunii va fi:

pi=pz/pc

3.971

Parametrii procesului de destindere

Se adopta n2=

1.25

{1,23...1,30}

Presiunea la sfarsitul destinderii

N/m2 {45..80}

pb=pz/epsilon^n2=

447826.156 N/m2

Temperatura la sfarsitul destinderii

Tb=Tz/epsilon^(n2-1)=

1705.261 K {1200..1700}

4.478 *10^5

N/m2 {3..5}

Parametrii principali ai motorului

Se adopta: coef de rotunjire a diagramei
randamentul mecanic

mur=
etam=

0.96
0.85

{0,94..0,98}

Presiunea medie a ciclului teoretic se obtine din

pi'=pc/(epsilon-1)*{pi(n2-1)+pi/(n2-1)*(1-1/(epsilon^(n2-1))-1/(n1-1)(1-1/epsilon^(n1-1))]=
12.099 *10^5{7,5...15}

pi'=

N/m2

Presiunea medie indicata

pi=mur*pi'=

11.615 *10^5

N/m2

Randamentul indicat al motorului

etai=RM*pi*M1*To/(po*etav*Qi)=

0.395242455

Presiunea medie efectiva

pe=etm*pI=

9.873 *10^5

N/m2

Randamentul efectiv
Etae=etam*etaI=

0.336

{0,25...0,4}

0.246

{270...340}

1.1

{0,96...1,3}

Consumul specific efectiv de combustibil

ge=36000/etae*Qi=
Dimensiunile fundamentale ale motorului
Se adopta:

FI=S/D=

kg/kWh

246.338 g/kWh

Capacitatea cilindrica necesara

Vh=120000pn/pe*n*i=

1.009 litri

Se determina alezajul si cursa:

D=(4Vh/pi*FI)^(1/3)=
S=FI*D=

1.158 dm

1.053 dm

105.310 mm
0.105 m
115.841 mm
0.116 m

Viteza medie a pistonului

20.079 m/s {10..12}

Wm=Sn/30=
Cilindreea totala
Vt=i*Vh=

6.054 litri

Puterea litrica
Pl=Pn/Vt=
Diagrama indicata

42.781 kW/l

0.11870708

Volumul la sfarsitul admisiei

Va=Vh*epsilon/(epsilon-1)=

1.105 dm3

Volumul la sfarsitul compresiei

Vc=Va/epsilon=

0.096

px=pa(Va/Vx)^n1
px=pz(Vz/Vx)^n2
Se adopta:
unghi de avans la aprindere {20...40oRAC}
unghi de avans la DSE
alfas=
raportul dintre raza manivelei si lungimea
alfaev=
bielei

30 oRAC
60 oRAC
Lambdab=
1/3,6

Xs=S/2{(1-cos(alfas))+lambdas/4(1-cos(2alfas))}=

9.771 mm

pc"={1,15...1,25}pc=1,2pc=

27.228 *10^5

Xev=S/2{(1-cos(alfaev))+lambdas/4(1-cos(2alfaev))}=
pa'=1/2(pa+pb)=

2.669 *10^5

Vc'=PI()*D^2*Xs/4=

0.081 dm3

0.524 rad
1.047 rad
0.278

N/m2

34.994 mm
N/m2

Caracteristica externa
Puterea efectiva
Pex=Pn[anx/np+b(nx/np)^2-(nx/np)^3]=
Consumul specific
gex=gep[c-dnx/np+k(nx/np)^2]=
Consumul orar
Gcx=Pex*gex*10^(-3)=
Momentul motor
Mex=3*10^4*Pex/(pi*n)=
Constante
Motor
MAS

unitara

a
1

b
1

c
1.2

d
1

k
0.8

n [r/min]
Pe [kW]
1000
57.544
1200
70.379
1400
83.450
1600
96.668
1800 109.945
2000 123.193
2200 136.323
2400 149.246
2600 161.875
2800 174.121
3000 185.895
3200 197.109
3400 207.674
3600 217.503
3800 226.507
4000 234.597
4200 241.685
4400 247.683
4600 252.501
4800 256.053
5000 258.248
5200 259.000
5400 258.219
5600 255.817

ge [g/kWh]
255.521
249.253
243.568
238.466
233.948
230.012
226.660
223.890
221.704
220.100
219.080
218.643
218.789
219.517
220.829
222.724
225.202
228.263
231.907
236.134
240.944
246.338
252.314
258.873

Ge [kg/h]
14.704
17.542
20.326
23.052
25.721
28.336
30.899
33.415
35.888
38.324
40.726
43.096
45.437
47.746
50.019
52.250
54.428
56.537
58.557
60.463
62.224
63.801
65.152
66.224

Me [Nm]
549.506
560.060
569.206
576.946
583.278
588.203
591.721
593.832
594.536
593.832
591.721
588.203
583.278
576.946
569.206
560.060
549.506
537.545
524.176
509.401
493.218
475.628
456.631
436.227

0.832686

0.655691 1.111111 1.142857 0.832623

1.128

Cinematica mecanismului biela-manivela

Alfa
Beta
Omega
S
R
L
Lambda

unghiul de rotatie al manivelei

unghiul de inclinare al axei bielei
viteza unghiulara de rotatie a arborelui cotit
cursa pistonului
raza manivelei
lungimea bielei
raportul dintre raza manivelei si lungimea bielei

Omega=PI*n/30=
R=S/2=
Lambda=R/L=
Beta max=
L=R/Lambda=

544.54
57.92068
1/3,6
1/3,2...1/4
0.277778
o
15 {12..18}
208.5145

Ap=piD^2/4=

0.00871 m2

Deplasarea pistonului
xp=R[(1-cos alfa)+1/lambda(1-cos beta)]
xp=R[(1-cos alfa)+-lambda/4(1-cos 2alfa)]
Volumul cilindrului la un moment dat
Vp=piD^2*Sx/4
Viteza pistonului
vp=Romega(sinalfa +-Lambda/2*sin2alfa)
alfavmax=arccos{sqrt((1/4lambda)^2+1/2)-1/4lambda}

Acceleratia pistonului
ap=Romega^2*(cosalfa+-lambdacos2alfa)
Alfa [grd]

Beta [grd]

xp [mm]

Vp [l]

vp [m/s]

ap [m/s2]

0
10
20
30

0.00000
0.04825
0.09515
0.13934

0.00000
1.12252
4.43408
9.77104

0.00000
0.09777
0.38622
0.85108

0.00000
6.97517
13.60321
19.56385

21945.87704
21397.23265
19793.93055
17259.43735

unghiul de viteza maxima

40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550

0.17951
0.21443
0.24295
0.26408
0.27709
0.28148
0.27709
0.26408
0.24295
0.21443
0.17951
0.13934
0.09515
0.04825
0.00000
-0.04825
-0.09515
-0.13934
-0.17951
-0.21443
-0.24295
-0.26408
-0.27709
-0.28148
-0.27709
-0.26408
-0.24295
-0.21443
-0.17951
-0.13934
-0.09515
-0.04825
0.00000
0.04825
0.09515
0.13934
0.17951
0.21443
0.24295
0.26408
0.27709
0.28148
0.27709
0.26408
0.24295
0.21443
0.17951
0.13934
0.09515
0.04825
0.00000
-0.04825

16.87468
25.41072
34.99375
45.21415
55.66483
65.96522
75.78047
84.83423
92.91443
99.87211
105.61431
110.09260
113.28936
115.20400
115.84137
115.20400
113.28936
110.09260
105.61431
99.87211
92.91443
84.83423
75.78047
65.96522
55.66483
45.21415
34.99375
25.41072
16.87468
9.77104
4.43408
1.12252
0.00000
1.12252
4.43408
9.77104
16.87468
25.41072
34.99375
45.21415
55.66483
65.96522
75.78047
84.83423
92.91443
99.87211
105.61431
110.09260
113.28936
115.20400
115.84137
115.20400

1.46983
2.21334
3.04805
3.93828
4.84856
5.74575
6.60069
7.38930
8.09310
8.69914
9.19930
9.58937
9.86781
10.03459
10.09010
10.03459
9.86781
9.58937
9.19930
8.69914
8.09310
7.38930
6.60069
5.74575
4.84856
3.93828
3.04805
2.21334
1.46983
0.85108
0.38622
0.09777
0.00000
0.09777
0.38622
0.85108
1.46983
2.21334
3.04805
3.93828
4.84856
5.74575
6.60069
7.38930
8.09310
8.69914
9.19930
9.58937
9.86781
10.03459
10.09010
10.03459

24.58775
28.47531
31.10840
32.45397
32.55937
31.54029
29.56287
26.82238
23.52098
19.84722
15.95966
11.97644
7.97162
3.97866
0.00000
-3.97866
-7.97162
-11.97644
-15.95966
-19.84722
-23.52098
-26.82238
-29.56287
-31.54029
-32.55937
-32.45397
-31.10840
-28.47531
-24.58775
-19.56385
-13.60321
-6.97517
0.00000
6.97517
13.60321
19.56385
24.58775
28.47531
31.10840
32.45397
32.55937
31.54029
29.56287
26.82238
23.52098
19.84722
15.95966
11.97644
7.97162
3.97866
0.00000
-3.97866

13985.28768
10211.45102
6202.09569
2219.53002
-1500.71242
-4770.84284
-7465.53920
-9528.88530
-10972.93852
-11868.34735
-12328.39135
-12488.59452
-12484.57526
-12430.98104
-12404.19137
-12430.98104
-12484.57526
-12488.59452
-12328.39135
-11868.34735
-10972.93852
-9528.88530
-7465.53920
-4770.84284
-1500.71242
2219.53002
6202.09569
10211.45102
13985.28768
17259.43735
19793.93055
21397.23265
21945.87704
21397.23265
19793.93055
17259.43735
13985.28768
10211.45102
6202.09569
2219.53002
-1500.71242
-4770.84284
-7465.53920
-9528.88530
-10972.93852
-11868.34735
-12328.39135
-12488.59452
-12484.57526
-12430.98104
-12404.19137
-12430.98104

560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720

-0.09515
-0.13934
-0.17951
-0.21443
-0.24295
-0.26408
-0.27709
-0.28148
-0.27709
-0.26408
-0.24295
-0.21443
-0.17951
-0.13934
-0.09515
-0.04825
0.00000

113.28936
110.09260
105.61431
99.87211
92.91443
84.83423
75.78047
65.96522
55.66483
45.21415
34.99375
25.41072
16.87468
9.77104
4.43408
1.12252
0.00000

9.86781
9.58937
9.19930
8.69914
8.09310
7.38930
6.60069
5.74575
4.84856
3.93828
3.04805
2.21334
1.46983
0.85108
0.38622
0.09777
0.00000

-7.97162
-11.97644
-15.95966
-19.84722
-23.52098
-26.82238
-29.56287
-31.54029
-32.55937
-32.45397
-31.10840
-28.47531
-24.58775
-19.56385
-13.60321
-6.97517
0.00000

-12484.57526
-12488.59452
-12328.39135
-11868.34735
-10972.93852
-9528.88530
-7465.53920
-4770.84284
-1500.71242
2219.53002
6202.09569
10211.45102
13985.28768
17259.43735
19793.93055
21397.23265
21945.87704

D=
S=
Ap=

n=

0.1053 m
0.1158 m
0.0087 m2

p0=
pa=
pr=
pz=
p'I=

102000
86000
120000
9483786.22
1209875.54

N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2
N/m2

lambda=
n1=
ro=
n2=
Va=
Vc=
Vz=
Vt=

5200

mb=
1.30654 kg
mp=
1.08878 kg
mAC= 1.30654 kg

150 kg/m2
125 kg/m2
150 kg/m2

mj=mp+mIb=
m1b=0,275mb=
m2b=0,725mb=

0.278
1.340
3.971
1.250
1.105
0.096
0.096
6.054

N=FtgBeta
S=F/cosBeta
T=Ssin(alfa+Beta)
Z=Scos(alfa+beta)
M=F*R

1.448083254 kg/m2
0.359298853 kg/m2
0.94724243 kg/m2

R=S/2= 0.05792068
psi=
180
omega=pin/30=

vp=Romega*(sinalfa+lambda/4cos2alfa
ap=Romega^2*(cosalfa-lambdacos2alfa)
Beta=arcsin(lambdasinAlfa)

Fg=(pg-p0)*Ap
Fj=-mjRomega^2(cosAlfa+lambdacos2Alfa
F=Fg+Fj

alfa
[grd]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120

Xp
[m]
0.0000
0.0011
0.0044
0.0098
0.0169
0.0254
0.0350
0.0452
0.0557
0.0660
0.0758
0.0848
0.0929

Vx
[l]
0.0961
0.1059
0.1347
0.1812
0.2431
0.3174
0.4009
0.4899
0.5810
0.6707
0.7562
0.8350
0.9054

px
[N/m2]
102000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000

vp
[m/s]
0.0000
6.9752
13.6032
19.5639
24.5878
28.4753
31.1084
32.4540
32.5594
31.5403
29.5629
26.8224
23.5210

ap
[m/s2]
21945.8770
21397.2327
19793.9306
17259.4374
13985.2877
10211.4510
6202.0957
2219.5300
-1500.7124
-4770.8428
-7465.5392
-9528.8853
-10972.9385

Fg
[N]
0.0000
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644

Fj
[N]
-31779.4570
-30984.9743
-28663.2594
-24993.1022
-20251.8609
-14787.0312
-8981.1509
-3214.0643
2173.1565
6908.5776
10810.7223
13798.6192
15889.7285

F
[N]
-31779.4570
-31124.3387
-28802.6238
-25132.4666
-20391.2253
-14926.3956
-9120.5153
-3353.4287
2033.7921
6769.2132
10671.3579
13659.2548
15750.3641

Beta
[rad]
0.0000
0.0483
0.0951
0.1393
0.1795
0.2144
0.2429
0.2641
0.2771
0.2815
0.2771
0.2641
0.2429

N
[N]
0
-1503
-2749
-3525
-3700
-3251
-2260
-907
578
1957
3035
3693
3904

130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430
440
450
460
470
480

0.0999
0.1056
0.1101
0.1133
0.1152
0.1158
0.1152
0.1133
0.1101
0.1056
0.0999
0.0929
0.0848
0.0758
0.0660
0.0557
0.0452
0.0350
0.0254
0.0169
0.0098
0.0044
0.0011
0.0000
0.0011
0.0044
0.0098
0.0169
0.0254
0.0350
0.0452
0.0557
0.0660
0.0758
0.0848
0.0929

0.9660
1.0160
1.0550
1.0829
1.0996
1.1051
1.0996
1.0829
1.0550
1.0160
0.9660
0.9054
0.8350
0.7562
0.6707
0.5810
0.4899
0.4009
0.3174
0.2431
0.1812
0.1347
0.1059
0.0961
0.1059
0.1347
0.1812
0.2431
0.3174
0.4009
0.4899
0.5810
0.6707
0.7562
0.8350
0.9054

86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86000.000
86582.350
88373.803
91513.128
96251.502
102987.542
112328.387
125193.604
142992.662
167933.281
203569.077
255792.365
334649.078
457562.771
654271.044
969869.143
1442874.515
1992710.364
2268995.096
9483786.218
6217010.116
4291933.756
2972895.543
2129627.762
1590624.423
1237951.953
1000435.465
836040.456
719604.511
635681.779
574526.523

19.8472
15.9597
11.9764
7.9716
3.9787
0.0000
-3.9787
-7.9716
-11.9764
-15.9597
-19.8472
-23.5210
-26.8224
-29.5629
-31.5403
-32.5594
-32.4540
-31.1084
-28.4753
-24.5878
-19.5639
-13.6032
-6.9752
0.0000
6.9752
13.6032
19.5639
24.5878
28.4753
31.1084
32.4540
32.5594
31.5403
29.5629
26.8224
23.5210

-11868.3473
-12328.3914
-12488.5945
-12484.5753
-12430.9810
-12404.1914
-12430.9810
-12484.5753
-12488.5945
-12328.3914
-11868.3473
-10972.9385
-9528.8853
-7465.5392
-4770.8428
-1500.7124
2219.5300
6202.0957
10211.4510
13985.2877
17259.4374
19793.9306
21397.2327
21945.8770
21397.2327
19793.9306
17259.4374
13985.2877
10211.4510
6202.0957
2219.5300
-1500.7124
-4770.8428
-7465.5392
-9528.8853
-10972.9385

-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-139.3644
-134.2920
-118.6879
-91.3435
-50.0710
8.6018
89.9631
202.0227
357.0574
574.2970
884.6946
1339.5738
2026.4375
3097.0496
4810.4328
7559.3791
11679.3861
16468.6076
18875.1237
81717.9400
53263.4210
36495.4761
25006.2903
17661.1958
12966.3284
9894.4541
7825.6202
6393.6944
5379.5053
4648.5152
4115.8361

17186.3551
17852.5371
18084.5246
18078.7044
18001.0955
17962.3018
18001.0955
18078.7044
18084.5246
17852.5371
17186.3551
15889.7285
13798.6192
10810.7223
6908.5776
2173.1565
-3214.0643
-8981.1509
-14787.0312
-20251.8609
-24993.1022
-28663.2594
-30984.9743
-31779.4570
-30984.9743
-28663.2594
-24993.1022
-20251.8609
-14787.0312
-8981.1509
-3214.0643
2173.1565
6908.5776
10810.7223
13798.6192
15889.7285

17046.9906
17713.1727
17945.1602
17939.3400
17861.7311
17822.9374
17866.8035
17960.0164
17993.1810
17802.4661
17194.9568
15979.6916
14000.6419
11167.7797
7482.8746
3057.8511
-1874.4904
-6954.7134
-11689.9816
-15441.4281
-17433.7231
-16983.8733
-14516.3667
-12904.3334
50732.9657
24600.1617
11502.3739
4754.4294
2874.1646
3985.1775
6680.3899
9998.7767
13302.2720
16190.2276
18447.1344
20005.5646

0.2144
0.1795
0.1393
0.0951
0.0483
0.0000
-0.0483
-0.0951
-0.1393
-0.1795
-0.2144
-0.2429
-0.2641
-0.2771
-0.2815
-0.2771
-0.2641
-0.2429
-0.2144
-0.1795
-0.1393
-0.0951
-0.0483
0.0000
0.0483
0.0951
0.1393
0.1795
0.2144
0.2429
0.2641
0.2771
0.2815
0.2771
0.2641
0.2429

3712
3214
2517
1712
863
0
-863
-1714
-2524
-3231
-3745
-3960
-3786
-3176
-2164
-870
507
1724
2546
2802
2445
1621
701
0
1188
1098
667
522
868
1656
2704
3783
4682
5246
5410
5183

490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720

0.0999
0.1056
0.1101
0.1133
0.1152
0.1158
0.1152
0.1133
0.1101
0.1056
0.0999
0.0929
0.0848
0.0758
0.0660
0.0557
0.0452
0.0350
0.0254
0.0169
0.0098
0.0044
0.0011
0.0000

0.9660
1.0160
1.0550
1.0829
1.0996
1.1051
1.0996
1.0829
1.0550
1.0160
0.9660
0.9054
0.8350
0.7562
0.6707
0.5810
0.4899
0.4009
0.3174
0.2431
0.1812
0.1347
0.1059
0.0961

alfa
[grd]
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70

M1
[Nm]
0.0
-398.8
-720.2
-904.7
-923.4
-783.3
-523.0
-200.5

M2
[Nm]
0.0
-130.5
-262.5
-394.5
-519.5
-623.5
-686.9
-687.0

529831.369
497431.844
412369.617
384878.309
329895.693
274913.078
247421.770
219930.462
192439.154
164947.847
137456.539
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
120000.000
102000.000

M3
[Nm]
0.0
-139.5
-275.8
-403.4
-510.5
-581.9
-599.8
-538.2

19.8472
15.9597
11.9764
7.9716
3.9787
0.0000
-3.9787
-7.9716
-11.9764
-15.9597
-19.8472
-23.5210
-26.8224
-29.5629
-31.5403
-32.5594
-32.4540
-31.1084
-28.4753
-24.5878
-19.5639
-13.6032
-6.9752
0.0000

M4
[Nm]
0.0
315.2
287.6
171.1
130.1
209.1
383.0
597.8

-11868.3473
-12328.3914
-12488.5945
-12484.5753
-12430.9810
-12404.1914
-12430.9810
-12484.5753
-12488.5945
-12328.3914
-11868.3473
-10972.9385
-9528.8853
-7465.5392
-4770.8428
-1500.7124
2219.5300
6202.0957
10211.4510
13985.2877
17259.4374
19793.9306
21397.2327
21945.8770

Mt
[Nm]
0.0
-353.6
-970.9
-1531.5
-1823.2
-1779.6
-1426.6
-827.9

3726.5290
3444.3202
2703.4048
2463.9479
1985.0342
1506.1205
1266.6636
1027.2068
787.7499
548.2931
308.8362
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
156.7850
0.0000

T1
[N]
0
-6885
-12434
-15619
-15942
-13524
-9029
-3461

17186.3551
17852.5371
18084.5246
18078.7044
18001.0955
17962.3018
18001.0955
18078.7044
18084.5246
17852.5371
17186.3551
15889.7285
13798.6192
10810.7223
6908.5776
2173.1565
-3214.0643
-8981.1509
-14787.0312
-20251.8609
-24993.1022
-28663.2594
-30984.9743
-31779.4570

T2
[N]
0
-2253
-4532
-6811
-8968
-10765
-11859
-11861

20912.8840
21296.8573
20787.9294
20542.6523
19986.1297
19468.4223
19267.7591
19105.9112
18872.2745
18400.8301
17495.1913
16046.5135
13955.4042
10967.5073
7065.3626
2329.9415
-3057.2793
-8824.3660
-14630.2463
-20095.0759
-24836.3173
-28506.4744
-30828.1893
-31779.4570

0.2144
0.1795
0.1393
0.0951
0.0483
0.0000
-0.0483
-0.0951
-0.1393
-0.1795
-0.2144
-0.2429
-0.2641
-0.2771
-0.2815
-0.2771
-0.2641
-0.2429
-0.2144
-0.1795
-0.1393
-0.0951
-0.0483
0.0000

Z1
[N]
-31779
-30390
-26125
-20003
-13242
-7104
-2603
-295

Z2
[N]
-17823
-17745
-17463
-16844
-15714
-13921
-11420
-8346

4638
3772
2881
1907
940
0
-923
-1801
-2581
-3175
-3495
-3459
-2966
-2009
-674
870
2386
3626
4376
4507
3998
2942
1535
0

T'
[N]
0
-2316
-3951
-4404
-3487
-1379
1415
4200

80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
420
430

121.8
392.1
578.2
670.3
677.0
618.2
516.9
393.5
262.2
130.4
0.0
-130.5
-262.5
-394.5
-519.5
-623.5
-686.9
-687.0
-605.1
-433.4
-183.2
112.1
398.8
613.5
699.2
627.5
424.7
186.0
0.0
315.2
287.6
171.1
130.1
209.1
383.0
597.8

-605.1
-433.4
-183.2
112.1
398.8
613.5
699.2
627.5
424.7
186.0
0.0
315.2
287.6
171.1
130.1
209.1
383.0
597.8
796.8
937.7
999.5
981.7
898.9
772.3
606.6
450.4
292.1
142.2
0.0
-139.5
-275.8
-403.4
-510.5
-581.9
-599.8
-538.2

-382.8
-135.0
183.1
527.6
838.9
1054.5
1124.6
1026.1
770.8
407.2
0.0
-398.8
-720.2
-904.7
-923.4
-783.3
-523.0
-200.5
121.8
392.1
578.2
670.3
677.0
618.2
516.9
393.5
262.2
130.4
0.0
-130.5
-262.5
-394.5
-519.5
-623.5
-686.9
-687.0

796.8
937.7
999.5
981.7
898.9
772.3
606.6
450.4
292.1
142.2
0.0
-139.5
-275.8
-403.4
-510.5
-581.9
-599.8
-538.2
-382.8
-135.0
183.1
527.6
838.9
1054.5
1124.6
1026.1
770.8
407.2
0.0
-398.8
-720.2
-904.7
-923.4
-783.3
-523.0
-200.5

-69.2
761.5
1577.6
2291.6
2813.6
3058.4
2947.3
2497.5
1749.8
865.8
0.0
-353.6
-970.9
-1531.5
-1823.2
-1779.6
-1426.6
-827.9
-69.2
761.5
1577.6
2291.6
2813.6
3058.4
2947.3
2497.5
1749.8
865.8
0.0
-353.6
-970.9
-1531.5
-1823.2
-1779.6
-1426.6
-827.9

2103
6769
9982
11572
11688
10672
8923
6793
4527
2252
0
-2253
-4532
-6811
-8968
-10765
-11859
-11861
-10447
-7483
-3162
1935
6885
10591
12072
10834
7332
3211
0
4966
2955
2247
3611
6613
10320
13757

-10447
-7483
-3162
1935
6885
10591
12072
10834
7332
3211
0
4966
2955
2247
3611
6613
10320
13757
16190
17256
16949
15520
13333
10472
7776
5043
2455
0
-2409
-4762
-6965
-8814
-10046
-10356
-9292
-6609

-216
-1957
-4842
-8142
-11256
-13801
-15635
-16799
-17443
-17740
-17823
-17745
-17463
-16844
-15714
-13921
-11420
-8346
-5067
-2164
-325
-165
-1985
-5564
-10028
-13876
-15405
-14174
-12904
24020
10433
3784
1866
1897
1906
879

-5067
-2164
-325
-165
-1985
-5564
-10028
-13876
-15405
-14174
-12904
24020
10433
3784
1866
1897
1906
879
-1416
-4682
-8370
-11926
-14945
-17242
-18349
-19231
-19433
-19336
-19268
-18976
-18350
-17226
-15443
-12991
-9973
-6538

6275
7126
6572
4819
2402
40
-1574
-2021
-1403
-479
0
-3609
-3743
-4529
-6290
-8689
-11090
-12809
-13318
-12369
-10056
-6792
-3224
60
2148
2896
2439
1606
1205
4864
4960
5530
6828
8485
9806
10183

440
450
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
570
580
590
600
610
620
630
640
650
660
670
680
690
700
710
720

796.8
937.7
999.5
981.7
898.9
772.3
606.6
450.4
292.1
142.2
0.0
-139.5
-275.8
-403.4
-510.5
-581.9
-599.8
-538.2
-382.8
-135.0
183.1
527.6
838.9
1054.5
1124.6
1026.1
770.8
407.2
0.0

-382.8
-135.0
183.1
527.6
838.9
1054.5
1124.6
1026.1
770.8
407.2
0.0
-398.8
-720.2
-904.7
-923.4
-783.3
-523.0
-200.5
121.8
392.1
578.2
670.3
677.0
618.2
516.9
393.5
262.2
130.4
0.0

-605.1
-433.4
-183.2
112.1
398.8
613.5
699.2
627.5
424.7
186.0
0.0
315.2
287.6
171.1
130.1
209.1
383.0
597.8
796.8
937.7
999.5
981.7
898.9
772.3
606.6
450.4
292.1
142.2
0.0

121.8
392.1
578.2
670.3
677.0
618.2
516.9
393.5
262.2
130.4
0.0
-130.5
-262.5
-394.5
-519.5
-623.5
-686.9
-687.0
-605.1
-433.4
-183.2
112.1
398.8
613.5
699.2
627.5
424.7
186.0
0.0

-69.2
761.5
1577.6
2291.6
2813.6
3058.4
2947.3
2497.5
1749.8
865.8
0.0
-353.6
-970.9
-1531.5
-1823.2
-1779.6
-1426.6
-827.9
-69.2
761.5
1577.6
2291.6
2813.6
3058.4
2947.3
2497.5
1749.8
865.8
0.0

16190
17256
16949
15520
13333
10472
7776
5043
2455
0
-2409
-4762
-6965
-8814
-10046
-10356
-9292
-6609
-2330
3162
9108
14483
18207
19417
17716
13309
7030
0
0

-2330
3162
9108
14483
18207
19417
17716
13309
7030
0
0
-6885
-12434
-15619
-15942
-13524
-9029
-3461
2103
6769
9982
11572
11688
10672
8923
6793
4527
2252
0

-1416
-4682
-8370
-11926
-14945
-17242
-18349
-19231
-19433
-19336
-19268
-18976
-18350
-17226
-15443
-12991
-9973
-6538
-3206
-674
325
-776
-4175
-9564
-16129
-22688
-27963
-31030
-31779

-3206
-674
325
-776
-4175
-9564
-16129
-22688
-27963
-31030
-31779
-30390
-26125
-20003
-13242
-7104
-2603
-295
-216
-1957
-4842
-8142
-11256
-13801
-15635
-16799
-17443
-17740
-17823

9260
7047
3920
518
-2437
-4472
-4970
-4133
-2288
0
-1205
1061
2734
3403
2948
1584
-131
-1574
-2217
-1804
-437
1455
3259
4372
4396
3258
1252
-1126
0

3.14159265
545 rad/sec

mbdacos2alfa)
sin(lambdasinAlfa)

S
[N]
-31779
-31161
-28933
-25378
-20724
-15276
-9396
-3474
2114
7047
11095
14150
16227

T
[N]
0
-6885
-12434
-15619
-15942
-13524
-9029
-3461
2103
6769
9982
11572
11688

Z
[N]
-31779
-30390
-26125
-20003
-13242
-7104
-2603
-295
-216
-1957
-4842
-8142
-11256

M
[Nm]
0.0
-398.8
-720.2
-904.7
-923.4
-783.3
-523.0
-200.5
121.8
392.1
578.2
670.3
677.0

17447
18002
18121
18021
17883
17823
17888
18042
18169
18093
17598
16463
14503
11611
7789
3179
-1942
-7165
-11964
-15694
-17604
-17061
-14533
-12904
24629
11555
4801
2921
4079
6883
10358
13830
16853
19179
20724
21546

10672
8923
6793
4527
2252
0
-2253
-4532
-6811
-8968
-10765
-11859
-11861
-10447
-7483
-3162
1935
6885
10591
12072
10834
7332
3211
0
5442
4966
2955
2247
3611
6613
10320
13757
16190
17256
16949
15520

-13801
-15635
-16799
-17443
-17740
-17823
-17745
-17463
-16844
-15714
-13921
-11420
-8346
-5067
-2164
-325
-165
-1985
-5564
-10028
-13876
-15405
-14174
-12904
24020
10433
3784
1866
1897
1906
879
-1416
-4682
-8370
-11926
-14945

618.2
516.9
393.5
262.2
130.4
0.0
-130.5
-262.5
-394.5
-519.5
-623.5
-686.9
-687.0
-605.1
-433.4
-183.2
112.1
398.8
613.5
699.2
627.5
424.7
186.0
0.0
315.2
287.6
171.1
130.1
209.1
383.0
597.8
796.8
937.7
999.5
981.7
898.9

21796
21127
20744
20077
19491
19268
19128
18958
18581
17781
16423
14378
11361
7346
2425
-3179
-9141
-15073
-20566
-25242
-28785
-30968
-31816
-31779

13333
10472
7776
5043
2455
0
-2409
-4762
-6965
-8814
-10046
-10356
-9292
-6609
-2330
3162
9108
14483
18207
19417
17716
13309
7030
0

-17242
-18349
-19231
-19433
-19336
-19268
-18976
-18350
-17226
-15443
-12991
-9973
-6538
-3206
-674
325
-776
-4175
-9564
-16129
-22688
-27963
-31030
-31779

Z'
[N]
-6978
-6323
-4331
-1579
1236
3408
4409
4026

Rm
[N]
48048.38
47164.63
44180.21
39491.72
33541.61
27003.75
20920.23
16921.57

Rp
[N]
6978.26
6733.49
5862.58
4678.44
3699.31
3676.98
4629.99
5817.71

772.3
606.6
450.4
292.1
142.2
0.0
-139.5
-275.8
-403.4
-510.5
-581.9
-599.8
-538.2
-382.8
-135.0
183.1
527.6
838.9
1054.5
1124.6
1026.1
770.8
407.2
0.0

2425
103
-2258
-3989
-4636
-4119
-2804
-1462
-1019
-1783
-2459
-20883
-13948
-10314
-8790
-7909
-6663
-4613
-1826
1259
4022
5880
6480
5839
4161
2678
2014
2581
3182
21498
14392
10505
8655
7444
5940
3709

16619.03
19442.73
23351.95
27015.42
29903.66
31908.17
33128.59
33758.78
34014.52
34083.57
34091.86
34088.64
34035.14
33806.48
33216.62
32052.08
30121.17
27323.75
23756.28
19893.62
16893.04
16547.24
19508.77
24266.32
28935.19
32032.33
32511.70
30611.91
29173.25
9205.35
6541.05
12685.46
14848.14
15820.65
17686.04
20642.27

6727.37
7126.79
6949.46
6255.47
5220.86
4118.97
3215.55
2494.06
1733.61
1846.37
2459.30
21192.27
14441.77
11264.77
10808.67
11749.65
12937.30
13614.49
13442.95
12433.25
10830.30
8984.17
7238.01
5839.45
4682.53
3943.90
3162.73
3039.55
3402.09
22041.36
15222.46
11871.79
11024.06
11287.47
11464.74
10837.38

895
-2004
-4348
-5575
-5385
-3839
-1110
1729
4265
5847
6256
5707
3888
1389
-1100
-2944
-3685
-3122
-1495
642
2584
3683
3540
2119
-247
-2944
-5260
-6645
-6978

23976.55
27141.95
29905.63
32183.64
33942.41
35109.41
35480.85
35856.36
35786.41
35604.83
35618.24
35565.06
35312.86
34635.03
33264.98
31039.11
27838.42
23745.10
19613.59
17235.14
18361.82
22367.11
27375.83
32316.94
36924.88
41167.79
44786.81
47299.08
48048.38

9303.23
7326.39
5854.21
5598.87
5910.77
5893.95
5092.19
4479.64
4839.53
5847.12
6370.76
5805.16
4752.94
3674.98
3146.58
3342.55
3687.53
3495.84
2673.48
1914.49
2620.37
3960.41
4812.14
4858.52
4402.99
4391.28
5406.70
6739.74
6978.26

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

0.95

0.9

0.85

0.8

0.75

0.7

0.65

0.6

0.55

0.5

0.45

0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

p [N/m^2]

Diagrama Indicata

10000000

9000000

8000000

7000000

6000000

5000000

4000000

3000000

2000000

1000000

Presiunea in cilindru

8000000

7000000

6000000

4000000

3000000

2000000

1000000

720

630

540

450

360

270

180

90

0
0

px*10^5 [N/m2]

5000000

25000

140

120
20000
100
15000

80
10000
60
ap [m/s2]

5000

40

xp [mm]

vp [m/s]

20
0
0

90

180

270

360
0

-5000
-20
-10000
-40

-15000

-60

Caracteristica externa

500

50

450

45

400

40

350

35

300

30
ge [g/kWh]
Me [Nm]
Pe [kW]
Ge [kg/h]

250

25

200

20

150

15

100

10

50

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
0

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720

Fg
[N]
Fj [N]

Variatia fortelor N si S
30000

20000

10000

0
90

180

270

360

[N]

450

540

630

720

N [N]
S [N]

-10000

-20000

-30000

-40000
[gradeRAC]

25000
T [N]
Z [N]

15000

5000

0
-5000

-15000

-25000

-35000

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720

M [Nm]
1400

M [Nm]

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0
-200

-400

-600

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720

Mt [Nm]

4000

3000

Mt [Nm]

2000

1000

-1000

-2000

-3000

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720

Z [N]

20000

Z [N]

10000

0
-29224

-14612

-10000

-20000

-30000

14612

29224

Z' [N]

15000

10000

5000

0
-10000

-5000

Z' [N]

-5000

-10000

5000

10000

Rm [N]

60000

50000

40000

Rm

30000

20000

10000

0
0

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720

Rp [N]

25000

20000

15000

Rp

10000

5000

0
0

90

180

270

360

450

540

630

720