RECAPITULARE

1.

2.

Simple Past Tense (timpul trecut simplu) descrie

actiune, petrecuta in trecut:

They visited us last month.

- Ei ne-au vizitat luna. trecuta.

He wrecked his car yesterday.

- EI ~i-a distrus ieri ma~ina.

Pronumele personal la nominativ

~i

la acuzativ:

Nominativ:

Acuzativ:

me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them

you
he
she
it
we
you
they

3.

Folosirea pronumelui relativ "that" in propozitia subordonata atributiva restrictiva:

People that like to work
are always busy.

- Oamenii carora Ie place sa lucreze,

sunt intotdeauna ocupati.

"
PARTEA "INTAl

LECTIA
25
,

La inceput yom invata substantive noi, legate de viata la tara:

barley

> [ba:Tli]

- orz

seed

> [si :d]

- samanta

agriculture

> [Egrika It~aT]

- agricultura

pasture

>

farmhand

> [fa:TmhEnd]

- muncitor agricol

plough

> [pIau]

- plug

furrow

> [farou]

- brazda

tractor

> [trEkE1T]

- tractor

com

> [ko:Tn]

- cereale,grane,grau,porumb

grain

> [grein]

- graunte, bob

bam

> [ba:Tn]

- hambar, ~opron, ~ura

cow

> [kau]

- vaca

Repetati acelea~i cuvinte

limba romana:

[pa:st~i\1

~i

in alta ordine

~i

pa~une

fiti atenti la traducerea lor in

furrow

> [farou]

- brazda

cow

> [bu]

- vaca

seed

> [si:d]

- samanta

gram

> [grcin]

- graunte, bob

bam

> [ba:Tn]

- hambar, ~opron, ~ura

barley

> [ba:Tli]

- orz

com

> [ko:Tn]

- cereale, grane, gra~ porumb

plough

> [pIau]

- plug

farmhand

> [fa:TmhEnd]

- muncitor agricol

agriculture

> [ Egrikalt~aT]

- agricultura

pasture

> [ pa:st~,i1

tractor

> [trEktil T]

- tractor

pa~une

~i

Ulmariti cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Cititi propozitiile cu voce tare
pronuntie:
This farmer grows barley.

>1 fYI>, fa.'llla' grauz ba.'li]

Where will we buy seeds from? >r"clrlld

"I.

bal sl.dz from]

fiti atenti la

- Acest fermier cultiva orz.

- De unde vom cumpara seminte?

Agriculture is important
in this country.

>r Egi ika Itsa' iz lInpo :'tant

111 D/is bntri]

What are pastures used for?

>["ot a:'

The farmhands are

ploughing.

>[D'a fa:'mhEndz a:'

plauin ie, ]

- Muncitorii agricoli ara.

This plough will be repaired.

>rD/is piau "il bi' ripea'dl

- Acest plug va fi reparat.

A plough makes furrows

in the soil.

>r a piau I1lclks farouz

in D/a soill

- Plugul face brazde in pamant.

The farmers have paid for

this tractor together.

>rD/a t~l:'ma'z hE\' pCld fo.'

D/is trEkta' tageD'a'l

- Fermierii au platit impreuna

acest tractor.

What kinds of com

do you know?

>r"<lt kall1dz a\' ko:'n

du Ill: nau]

- Ce fel de cereale

Many grains are eaten by

the birds.

>r meni grcltlz a:' Un b<ll

D/a ba:'dz]

- Multe graunte sunt mancate

de pasari.

We have a very large bam.

>r"i: hE\ <l \ eri la"dJ ba:fn]

- Avem un hambar foarte mare.

How many cows has that

farmer got?

>rhau meni kaLlZ hEz DIEt

fa:'l1la f got]

- Cite vaci are acest felmier?

pa:st~a'z

iu:zd fo:']

- Agricultura este importanta

in aceasta tara.
pa~unile?

- La ce se folosesc

cuno~ti?

Acum introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Vrem sa cumparam un plug modern.

- We want to by a modern :::plough.

Acest porumb este de pe acel ogor.

- This :::t:orn is from that field.

Brazdele trebuie sa fie suficient de largi.

- The :::fuITOWS must be wide enough.

Orzul este scump anul acesta?

- Is )barky expensive this year?

Grauntele sunt macinate pentru faina.

- The >6ra111s are ground into flour.

Acest muncitor agricol lucreaza de mult aici?

- Has this )fannhand worked here

for a long time?

Ca~tiga

- Do people earn much in :::agriculture?

mult oamenii in agricultura?

Vacile sunt pe

pa~une.

- The :::t:ows are in the pasture.

Acest tractor este adesea defect.

- This :::tractor is often out of order.

Semintele se pun in brazde.

- The :::sceds are thrown into the >furrows

In septembrie hambarul nostru este plin.

- In September our :::ham is full.

lata acum un exercitiu de control. Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:

plug

> plough

vaca

> cow

brazda

>

orz

> barley

tractor

> tractor

muncitor agricol

> flnnhand

cereale

> corn

graunte, bob

> gram

pa~une

> pasture

samanta

> seed

hambar

> barn

agricultura

> agncultun;

flllTOW

In foeul verbuflli auxiliar must - trebuie, a fi obligat - care exprimii 0 obliga{ie,

anumite eazuri se fofose~te eonstrlletia to have to.

neeesitate, In

Sa urmarim propozitiile:
She has to drink less coffee.

> r ~l. hEz tu drll1(l'lk les kufl]

- Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.

Do you have to work today?

> rdu

- Trebuie sa lucrezi azi?

I won't have to go there

tomorrow.

> ral "aunt hEv tu gau D'ea f

tamurou]

Ill.

hEv tu"a:'k tade/]

- Nu va trebui sa merg acolo

maine.

Nu uitati verbul auxiliar must poate fi folosit doar la timpul prezent. La

timpul trecut ~i viitor in locul lui se folose~te constructia to have to.

Urmeaza un scurt exercitiu cu verbul to have to. Traduceti propozi!iile in limba engleza:
leri a trebuit sa repar robinetul.

> 1 had to repair the tap yesterday.

Cand va trebui sa termini lucrul?

> When wlll you have to fi11lsh work?

Nu trebuie sa macinam grilu azi.

> We don"t have to grind wheat today.

Ea trebuie sa duccl vacile pc camp.

> She has to take the cows to the pasture.

Ce va trebui sa scriu maine?

> What Will I have to \\ lIte tomorrow'?

lata alte cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare

~i

memora!i intelesul lor in limba romana:

agricultural

> r Et,'rikalt~nrn I]

- agricol

fertile

> rfa:'tnil]

- fertil, rodnic

regularly

> [n:giula'li]

- (in mod)

healthy

> [helT'i]

- sanatos

except

>riksept]

- cu excep!ia, in afara de

possible

> rposibl]

- posibil

interesting

> rintrastin lgl ]

- interesant

regulat/obi~nuit

Acum vom exersa cuvintele noi intr-un dialog. Cititi propozitiile cu atentie:

A:

Do you like living in an agricultural region?

B:

Yes, I do. I think it is healthier to live in the country than in the city.

A:

But is the life here interesting?

B:

Yes, it is. There are many interesting things to do. We have everything here
except cinemas.

A:

But isn't the work too hard?

B:

No, it isn't. I only have to fertilize the soil regularly because it is not fertile
enough.

A:

Is it possible to grow all kinds of crops here?

B:

Certainly. I grow wheat, rye and barley.

lar acum sa urmarim fiecare propozi!ie separat. Fi!i atenti la pronun!ie:

Do you like living in an
agricultural region?

> rdu iu: lnik livlI1(g) in nn

Egrikalt~arnl ri:djan]

- I!i place sa traie~ti intr-o regiune

agricola?

Yes. I do.

> [ics ni du:]

- Da.

> rni T'il/g1k it iz helT'ia' tu liv - Cred ca este mai sanatos sa traie~ti
I think it is healthier to live
in O/a kantri O/En in Ola siti] la tara decat la or~.
in the country than in the city.
But is the life here interesting? > [bat iz Ola latfhia'
intrastin(el]

- Dar este interesanta viala aici?

Yes, it is.

> [ics It iz]

- Da.

There are many interesting

things to do.

> [O/ca' a:' lneni intrnstll1(gl

T'in(g,z tu du:]

- Sunt multe lucruri interesante

de Iacut.

We have everything here

except cinemas.

> [IIi: hEv C\TIT'in lel hia'

iksept ~inall1az]

- Avem de toate aici, cu excePlia

cinematografului.

But isn't the work too hard?

> [hat iznt IYa lI a:'k tu: hn:'d]

- Dar nu este prea grea munca?

No, it isn't.

> [n<l\l it iznt]

-Nu.
5

I only have to fertilize

the soil regularly because
it is not fertile enough.

> [ai aunh hEy tu ra.'tJla/z

D/a soil rcgllda'Jj bikoz
It IZ not rartaillllaf]

- Trebuie doar sa fertilizez pamantul

in mod regulat pentru ca nu este
destuI de fertil.

Is it possible to grow all

kinds of crops here?

> [iz it poslbl tu grau 0.1

kamuz <IV bops hia r ]

- Este posibil sa cultivi aici toate

felurile de cereale?

Certainly.

> [sa:'tanlil

- Desigur.

I grow wheat, rye and barley.

> raJ grau

"jot

raJ End ba:rli]

- Eu cultiv grau, secara ~i orz.

Completati propozitiile in limba engleza eu cuvintele corespunzatoare:

Aceste vaci nu sunt sanatoase.

- These cows are not >healthy.

Mergem in mod regulat la meciul de fotbal.

- We >rcgularly go to a football match.

Este posibil sa vinzi aceste bilete?

- Is it > possible to sell these tickets?

Putem veni toti cu exceptia lui Mark.

- We can all come, >exccptMark.

Satul nostru se afla intr-o vale fertila.

- Our village lies in a > terti Ie valley.

Cltesc intotdeauna

~tirile

- I always read the >agncultural news

in the newspaper.

agricole in ziar.

"These cows are not healthy."

Ati retinut cuvintele noi? lata un exercitiu de verificare. Traduceti in limba engleza:
cu exceptia, in afara de

> except

ferti 1, rodnic

> fClidc

posibil

> possIble

agricol

> agricultural

sanatos

> healthy

in mod

> regularly

regulat/obi~nuit

interesant
6

Urmariti cu atentie urmatoarele propozitii

""1 like coffee" said John.

- "Imi place cafeaua" a spus John.

John said he liked coffee.

- John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.

"She is cooking dinner" said Peter,

- "Ea

Peter said she was cooking dinner.

- Peter a spus ca ea pregate~te cina.

pregate~te cina"

a spus Peter.

Ati observat deosebirile dintre timpurile verbelor folosite?

In ambele cazuri avem de-a face cu vorbirea illdirecfii, care se folose.!}te de obicei atunci ciind
paraji-aziim spusele cuiva.

in cazul vorhirii indirecte, structura propozi!iei este urll1iitoarea: dacii verhul propozi!iei principale
(de exemplu John said, Peter said) este la timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect),
atunci timpul verbului din propozi!ia secundara. se schimhii conform regulii de concordanta a
timpurilor, care este urmiitoarea:

Simple Present

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

lata cateva exemple:

He told me he grew all kinds of corn.

- EI mi-a spus ca el cultiva toate soiurile

de grane.

Propozi!ia para!i-azatii a fost "1 grow all kinds of corn."

She said she was always late for work.

- Ea a spus ca intarzie intotdeauna de la lucru.

1 heard they were coming.

- Am auzit ca au venit.

in propozipa principalii, verhul se ajlii cel mai des la timpul trecut simplu (Simple Past).

In exercitiul urmator, introduceti forma corespunzatoare a verbului in propozitiile in limba engleza:

El mi-a spus ca este obosit.

- He told me he >was tired.

Jane a spus ea scrie 0 scrisoare.

- Jane said she >was writing a letter.

Mama mi-a spus ca nu are bani.

- Mother said she >had no money.

Cine a spus ca nu Ie place sa lucreze?

- Who said they >didn' t I ike working?

rar acum sa invatam un grup de verbe noi:

to sow

>rtusoul

- a semana, a insamanta

to store

> [tusto:'l

- a tine, a depozita

to harvest

> [tu ha:"'istl

- a recolta, a secera

pa~te,

to graze

> [tu grCIZ]

- a

to milk

> [tu mtlk]

- a mulge

to fail

> [tu feil]

- a nu

a duce la paseut

reu~i

(la, in), a cadea

Verbul to sow este neregulat. Retineti formele lui:

forma I

forma a II-a

forma a III-a

sow > [sou]

sowed > [soud]

sown > [soun]

lata verbele noi in propozitii. Cititi eu voce tare

Have you sown the wheat yet? > [hEv

Ill.

~i

fHi atenti la pronuntie:

saun D/a !li:t Ict]

- Ai semanat deja graul?

They stored the crop in

their barns.

> [D/ cl sto:'d D/a krop in

DL c? ba:'nz]

- Au depozitat graul in
hambarele lor.

We have harvested all

our com.

> [!Ii: hEv ha.'vistid 0.1

aua' ko.'n]

- Am recoltat tot graul nostru.

The cows grazed in the

pastures every summer.

> [D'a kauz grclZd In D/a

pa:st~a'z evl'l sama']

- Vacile au pascut pe
in fiecare vara.

You haven't milked

the cows yet.

> [IU: hEvnt milkt DE a

kauz ICt]

- Nu ai muls inca vacile.

The crop failed that year.

> [D/a klUp fctld D7Et iia'l

- Recolta a Yost slaba anul acela.

pa~une

Iar acum urmeaza un exercitiu cu verbele noi. Introduceti formele corespunzatoare ale verbelor in
urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ai recoltat multa secara anul acesta?

- Have you >harvcstcd much rye this year?

Au muls vacile foarte regulat.

- They >milkcd the cows very regularly.

El nu a

reu~it

- He has >failcd to return in time.

sa se intoarca la tirnp.

Noi am sernanat orzul ieri.

- We >sowed the barley yesterday.

L-ai depozitat in harnbar?

- Have you >storcd it in a bam?

Vacile au pascut intotdeauna

in apropierea riiului.

- The cows always >grazcd

near the river.

Ca exercitiu, traduceti noile cuvinte in lirnba engleza:

a pa~te

> to gtazc

a secera

> to harvcst

a rnulge

> to mtlk

a nu

reu~i

> to fail

a semana, a insamanta

>to sow

a tine, a depozita

> to store

In incheiere sa ne reintoarcem la timpul Prezentul Continuu.

Cu ajutoru! timpu!ui prezent continull se exprimii ~i atitudinea criticii (neriibdare, supiirare) fn

!egiiturii Cll 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Comp!ementu! de timp utilizat fn acest caz este always Cll
sensu! de (in)totdeauna, ve~nic, mereu:
He is always forbidding me watching TV!

- EI imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit

la televizor!

She is always smoking cigarettes!

- Ea fumeaza mereu!

Traduceti in limba engleza urmatoarele propozitii:

> They are always refusing me!

Ei rna refuza intotdeauna!

EI

cite~te

> He is always reading newspapers!

mereu ziarele!

Ei vorbesc mereu despre cai!

> They are always talking about horses!

Tatal meu bea intotdeauna doar cafea!

> :'vly father is always drinking only coffee!

LECTIA
25 - PARTEA A DOUA
,
tn partea a doua sa ne mai imbogatim vocabularul legat de viata la tara,
lata cuvintele noi:
country lane

> [kantri kin]

- drum de tara

hedge

> [hcdj]

- gard viu

crow

> [krau]

- cioara

scarecrow

> [skea'krau]

- sperietoare (de ciori)

cattle

> [kEtl]

- vite, bovine

cattle farming

> [kEtl fa:'min(gJ]

- crescatorie de vite

arable farming

> [Eri\bl fa:'min igl ]

- cultivarea plantelor

mixed farming

> [mikst fa:'min igl ]

- cultivare mixta; ferma

mixta

rat

> [rEt]

rodent

> [raudcnt]

- rozatoare

dairy

> [deari]

- laptarie, fabrica de
prelucrare a laptelui

dairy produce

> [deill'i prodiu:s]

- produse lactate

Exersati acelea~i cuvinte, dar in alta ordine

pronuntia ~i sensullor in limba romana:

~obolan

~i

incercati sa va

insu~iti

arable farming

> [Erilhl fa:'min igl ]

- cultivarea plantelor

dairy

> [de,lri]

- Iaptarie, fabrica de
prelucrare a laptelui

crow

> [ krim]

- cioara

country lane

> [kantri kin]

- drum de tara

rodent

> [raudcnt]

- rozatoare

dairy produce

> [deilri prodiu:s]

- produse lactate

rat

> [rEt]

hedge

> [hcdj]

- gard viu

cattle

> [kEtl]

- vite, bovine

mixed farming

> [mikst fa:'min igJ ]

- cultivare mixta; ferma

mixHi

scarecrow

> [skea'krilu]

- sperietoare (de ciori)

cattle farming

> [kEtl fa:'min(CI]

- crescatorie de vite

10

~obolan

Acum

exersa~i

cuvintele noi in propozitii:

A country lane is a road

through fields.

> [a kantn kin iz a raud

T'ru: fi.ldz1

- Drumul de ~ara trece

printre ogoare.
- Acolo sunt garduri vii.

There are hedges there.

There are many crows in
the fields.

> I D"ca r a: r meni krallz in

What is a scarecrow for?

> [lint iz a skea'krall f,):r1

- Sunt multe ciori pe camp.

Dla fi'ldzl
- La ce

serve~te 0

sperietoare?

- Vitele pasco

The cattle are grazing.

Is there much cattle farming
in Romania?

> [iz IYca r maT~ kEtl

fa:'min1t'1 in ru.mellli~ll

- Sunt multe crescatorii de vite

in Romania?

Arable farming is more

important.

> [Erabl fa:'min(g) iz mo: r

impu:'tant1

- Cultivarea plantelor este

mai importanta.

We are in mixed farming.

> ["i: a:'

- Noi cultivam de toate.

A rat is bigger than a mouse.

> [a rEt iz biga' D"En a malls1

- Un ~obolan este mai mare decat

un ~oarece.

Do rodents eat com?

> I du Hllldents It ko:'n J

- Rozatoarele mananca cereale?

We take the milk to

the dairy regularly.

> ["i: teik D'a milk tll D7 a

dean rcgiularl i1

- Ducem laptele in mod

regulat la Hiptarie.

Butter and cheese are dairy

produce.

> [hata r End

prodlll:S 1

- Untul ~i branza sunt

produse lactate.

III

mikst fa:'mlll(gJ1

t~i:z

a:' deari

Substantivul cattle este un substantiv colectiv, de aceea verbul aflat

langa el se afla intotdeauna la plural.

Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Ce culoare are cioara?

- What colour is a >crow?

In satul nostru se afla 0 lapUirie.

- There is a >dalry in our village.

Se afla multe ferme mixte

in aceasta regiune.

- There is a lot of>mixcd fanning

in this region.

Iti plac produsele lactate?

- Do you like >dairy produce?

Ne plimbam pe un drum de tara.

- We were walking in a >collntry lane.

Lui nu-i place sa cultive plante.

- He doesn't like >arahk farming.

11

>hcdgc~

are not very high.

Gardurile vii nu sunt foarte Inalte.

- The

Nu are rost sa folosim

- It's no use having a >scarccrow.

~tii

sperietoare (de ciori).

- Do you know what >rodents are?

ce sunt rozatoarele?

Ne-am vandut anul treeut vitele.

- We sold our >cattlc last year.

Este imposibil sa cre~tem vite aici.

- >Cattlc fanning is not possible here.

Am prins un

~obolan.

- I have caught a >rat

{lr,()
~

"It's no use having a scarecrow".

V-ali Insu~it deja eu siguranpi cuvintele noi. Pentru verificare, traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte In
limba engleza:
rozatoare

> rodent

cioara

> crow

drum de tara

> country Jane

laptarie

> dairy

ferma mixta

> mixed fannmg

~obolan

> rat

vite

> cattle

produse lactate

> daIry produce

sperietoare (de ciori)

> scarecrow

gard viu

> hedge

cultivarea de plante

> arabic farming

crescatorie de vite

> c,lttlc farmlllg

12

Acum vom inviita pronumele reflexiv. Formele sale sunt:

1

myself

> rmaiseltl

you

yourself

> [io:rselfj

he

himself

> [himself]

she

herself

> [ha: rseltl

it

itself

> ritseltl

we

ourselves

>[auarselvzl

you

yourselves

>[ io:rselvzl

they

themselves

> [D'emselvz]

Urmariti folosirea acestor forme In propozitii:

He hurt himself.

>[hi: ha:rt himselfl

- S-a ranit (ellnsu~i).

They offered themselves for

this job.

>rD/ el ot~l'd D/emselvz

fo: r D/is dJob 1

- S-au oferit (ei1n~i~i)

pentru aceasta munca.

1 can't see myself in this

IDlrror.

>[al ka:nt si: maiselfin

D/is mirarl

- Nu rna pot vedea In

aceasta oglinda.

Look at yourself!

> [Iuk Et io:rseltl

Prive~te-te!

Traduceti propozitiile In limba engleza:

Mi-am cumparat 0

ma~ina.

>T have bought a car for myself.

Ea ~i-a calcat 0 bluza.

>She ironed a blouse for herself.

M-am ranit.

>1 have hurt myself.

Aceasta nu-i va rani pe ei, ci pe tine Insuti!

>This will not hurt them. but yourself'

Iatii-ne din nou la vorbirea indirectii ~i la concordanta timpurilor. Regulile de concordantii ale
timpurilor in cazul trecutului simplu ~i al prezentului perfect sunt:

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

De exemplu:
Mary told me "1 was there three years ago".

- John said he had never seen a scarecrow.

John said "1 have never seen a scarecrow".

- Mary told me she had been there three

years before.

Retinep.: In vorbirea indirecta, tn locul adverbului ago se

adverbul before!
13

folose~te

Cu ajutorul celor invatate, folositi fonna corespunzatoare a verbelor in unnatoarele propozitii in

limba engleza:
Peter a spus ca nu a vazut acel film.

- Peter said he > hadn't watc hed that film.

Am auzit ieri ca ei nu s-au intors inca.

- I heard yesterday they >hadn't rctumedyet.

John a spus ca nu I-a cunoscut pe omul acela.

- John said he > hadn't known that man.

Mary a citlt ca administratia acestei fabrici

nu a concediat muncitorii.

- Mary read that the management ofthis factory

> hadn't fired the labourers.

Sa mai invatam cateva cuvinte noi. Cititi-Ie eu voce tare

~i

fiti atenti la pronuntia lor:

fire~te

of course

> ray ko:fs]

- bineinteles, desigur,

along

> [alon(gl]

- de-a lungul, in lungul

hannful

> rha:fmfal]

- daunator, rau

wet

> ["etl

- ud, umed, ploios

dry

> [drail

- uscat

profitable

> [protitabl]

- profitabil, rentabil

Iar acum sa exersam cuvintele noi in propozitii. Incercati sa Ie traduceti:

Of course it is true.

>

[0\

There are hedges along

the road.

>

[D'e~lf

Is smoking hannful?

>

[IZ

Don't store com in a wet

place.

> rdaunt sto f ko fn

plels]

This month has been

very dry.

> rD'lsmanT'hEzbi:n
veri drai]

Is agriculture profitable?

>

- Bineinteles

ko:fsitiztrll.]

a: f hedjlz alon(")
D/a raud]
smaukin(g) ha mfall
f

111

a "et

[IZ Egrikalt~af profitabll

ca este adevarat.

- De-a lungul drumului sunt

garduri vii.
- Fumatul este daunator?
- Nu depozita graul intr-un loc
umed!
- Luna aeeasta a fost foarte
uscata.
- Agricultura este profitabila?

Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

Strazile nu sunt inca uscate.
Ce

cre~te

- The streets are not> dry yet.

bine de-a lungul drumurilor?

- What grows well >alongthe roads?

Ce este mai rentabil, cultivarea plantelor sau

cre~terea vitelor?

- Which is more >profitablc, arable

fanning or cattle fanning?

Rozatoarele sunt foarte daunatoare.

- Rodents are very > h,mn fu I.

Care este cea mai umeda luna a anului?

- Which is the >wettest month of the year?

Bineinteles ca el poate conduce

0 ma~ina.

- > Of COUI se he can drive a car.

14

Verificati-va

cuno~tinte1e.

Traduceti urmatoarele cuvinte in limba engleza:

uscat

> dry

bineinteles, desigur

> of coursc

de-a lungul, in lungul

> along

profitabil, avantajos

> profitable

daunator

> harmful

umed, ploios

> wct

lata acum verbe noi:

to scare

> [tu skca']

- a speria, a ingrozi, a inspaimanta

to shear

> [tll ~la'l

- a tunde

to plant

> [tu pla:nt]

- a planta, a sarli

to dry

> [tu drilll

- a usca

to yield

> [tu li:ldl

- a produce, a da, a rezulta, a ceda

to set

> [t\1 sct]

- a pune, a a~eza, a situa

to cover

> [tu kava']

- a acoperi, a inveli

Doua dintre verbe sunt neregulate. Invatati formele lor:

formal
[~i[l'l

shear

>

set

> [sct]

forma a II-a

forma a III-a

sheared > [~ia'dl

shom >

> [sct]

set

set

[~o:'n]

> [sdj

lata verbele noi in propozitii. Nu uitati nici de exersarea pronuntiei:

Have I scared you?

> [hE\' a; skca'd iu:l

We sheared the sheep

in March.

> lUi:

The com dried for many

weeks.

> [Dla ko:'n dr'lld to:' meni

"i:ksl

How much has the crop

yielded?

> [hau

We asked him to do it, but

he didn't want to yield.

> lUi: askt bim tu du: it hat

She set the flowers in water.

>

The thunderstorm scared us.

> [D/a T'an(b'~to:'m skca'd as I

- Furtuna (cu trasnete) ne-a speriat.

Cover the breadl

> [kava' 1Ya brcll1

- Acopera painea!

~ia'd

IYa

~i:p

- Te-am speriat?
- Noi am tuns oile in martie.

in ma:'t~l

mat~

hEz D/a krop

- Graul s-a uscat timp de mai multe

saptamani.
- Cat a fost recolta de grau?

li.ldid]
hi: didnt Uont tu iI: Id]

- Noi I-am rugat sa faca asta,

dar el nu a cedat.

[~i:

- Ea a pus florile in apa.

sct IYa tlaua'z in "u:ta']

15

lar acum introduceti fonna corespunzatoare a verbului in unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Ei au tuns oile Intr-o zi insorita.

- They >shcarcd the sheep on a sunny day.

Noi am pus ieri cartofii.

- We >plantcd the potatoes yesterday.

Sperietoarea nu sperie pasarile.

- The scarecrow doesn't >scarc the birds.

Cerealele s-au uscat bine.

- The com >dricd well.

Trebuie sa pui asta langa fereastra.

- You must >sct it next to the window.

El a uitat sa acopere mancarea.

- He forgot about >covcnng the food.

Verificati-va

cuno~tintele.

Traduceti unnatoarele verbe in limba engleza:

asperia

> to scarc

a planta, a sadi

> to plant

a tunde

> to shcar

a usca

> to drv

a produce, a rezulta, a da

> to yield

a pune, a a~eza

> to sct

a acoperi, a inveli

> to covcr

In vorbirea indirectii, verbul auxiliar will,folosit laformarea timpului viitor simplu (Simple Future)
are forma de trecut - would:

She said "1 will not go there".

- She said she would not go there.

John said "1 will have dinner at seven".

- John said he would have dinner at seven.

Traduceti unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

> Petcr SaId he would bc thcre

Peter a spus ca va fi acolo.

Mama a spus ca vom sadi
In pamantul acela.

> :'v1othcr smd wc would plant tomatocs

in that field.

ro~iile

lata ultimu1 exercitiu al lectiei, in care vom recapitula intregul material. Traduceti urmatoarele
propozitii in limba engleza:
Maine va trebui sa semanam graul.

> Tomol1"ow wc wil] havc to sow wheat.

Tata a spus ca este sanatos.

> father said hc was hcalthy.

Ai muls deja toate vacile?

> Havc you milked all the eows yct'?

Ea pastreaza intotdeauna ziarele vechi!

> She is always storing old nc\\spapers!

El a spus ca rozatoarele au mancat toata

secara.

> Hc said rodcnts had eatcn all thc rye.

Prive~te-te!l

> Look at yourself'

Uita-te la tine!
16

El a spus ea a vazut-o acum doua saptamani.

> He said he had seen her two weeks before.

Maine vom seeera.

> \Ve are haryesting tomOlTOw.

Unde vom depozita orzul?

> Where will we store the barley?

Ei vorbesc mereu despre

ma~inile

> They arc always talking about their fast cars.

lor rapide.

Graul nu poate fi arat Inca.

> The com cannot be harvested yet.

Doar pamanturile fertile vor da 0 recolta mare.

> Only the feliile fields will yield !TIuch.

Vitele pase pe

> The cattle graze in the pastures.

pa~une.

In hambarul nostru sunt ~obolani.

> There are rats in our ham.

Rozatoarele mananca graunte de cereale.

> Rodents cat grains of corn.

Imi place sa rna plimb de-a lungul

drumurilor de tara.

> I like walking along the country lanes.

Este Taptarie In satul vostru?

> Is there a dairy in your village?

Bineinteles ca am tuns deja oile.

> Of eourse we have shorn the sheep already.

In Incheiere urmeaza exercitiul de pronuntie. Literele aflate in aceea~i coloana ~i notate cu caractere
accentuate desemneaza un sunet identic. Cititi cu voce tare cuvintele ~i fiti atenti la pronuntie:
r0:1

rEl

raul

raul

raul

shorn

rat

plough

farmer

rodent

com

cattle

cow

barley

crow

worn

cash

now

bam

sow

forty

fat

brown

car

show

caught

flat

mouth

father

blow

17

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI
25
,
25.1. Verbul auxiliar modal must - care exprima necesitatea, obligatia - poate fi inlocuit cu verbul
to have to. Verbul to have to nu este un verb auxiliar modal:
She has to drink less coffee.

- Ea trebuie sa bea mai putina cafea.

Verbul auxiliar must are doar forma de prezent. La timpurile trecut

folose~te verbul to have to.

~i

viitor in locul lui se

25.2. Vorbirea indirecUi

25.2.1.

Vorbirea indirecta este folosita pentru a parafraza spusele cuiva.

25.2.2.

Daca verbul propozitiei principale este La timpul trecut (Simple Past, Past
Continuous, Past Perfect) atunci verbul propozitiei secundare se schimba conform
regulii de concordanta a timpurilor, care este urmatoarea:
Simple Present

Simple Past

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

Simple Past

Past Perfect

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

will

would

Forma verbului la timpul Past Perfect ramane neschimbata.

25.2.3.

John said he liked coffee.

- John a spus ca ii place cafeaua.

Peter said she was cooking dinner.

- Peter a spus ca ea a gate~te cina.

John said he had never seen

a scarecrow.

- John a spus ca nu a vazut niciodata

o sperietoare.

Mary told me she had been there

three years before.

- Mary mi-a spus ca a fost acolo in urma

cu trei ani.

In vorbirea indirecta in locul adverbului ago se folose~te adverbul before.

25.3. Timpul Prezent Continuu

Cu ajutorul timpului Present Continuous putem exprima ~i atitudinea critica (nerabdare,
nervozitate, suparare) in legatura eu 0 activitate sau un eveniment. Complementul de timp eel
mai des utilizat in acest caz este always, care aici are semnificatia de intotdeauna, mereu.
He is always forbidding me watching TV!

- Imi interzice intotdeauna sa rna uit

la televizor!

18

25.4. Pronumele reflexiv

Formele sale sunt:
Pronumele personal

Pronumele reflexiv

myself

> [ma/self]

you

yourself

> [w:'seltl

he

himself

> [hnl1self]

she

herself

> [ha:'seltl

it

itself

> [itseltl

we

ourselves

> [a lla rsel \'z]

you

yourselves

> I io:rsel\'z]

they

themselves

> r IYcmsel\'z]

He hurt himself.

- El s-a ranit.

They offered themselves for this job.

- Ei jn~i~i s-au oferit pentru aceasta munca.

19

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 25

A

B.

c.

Traduce~i

unnatoarele propozitii in limba romana:

I.

She said they had harvested all the barley.

2.

Why are you always storing these useless things?

3.

Peter will have to milk all the cows in the pasture.

4.

Will you buy yourself a new car now?

5.

Who said my wife was ugly?

6.

Mary said she had sown the seeds two hours before.

Traduee~i

unnatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

I.

Ace~ti

2.

1 a spus ea nu i-a placut sa mearga pe jos pe aeest drum de tara.

3.

Trebuie sa faeem

4.

John a spus ca

5.

Iti voi spune ceva despre mine insumi.

6.

Tata mi-a spus ca vom planta tlori in gradina.

Gasiti

~i

I.

John said he likes dairy produce.

2.

Why are they always drive old cars?

3.

They have just bought a new house for themselfs.

4.

Next month I will must shear the sheep.

5.

I think it is possible to fertile this soil.

eopii groaznici ne sperie intotdeauna animalele!

eorectati

sperietoare de ciori.

cre~terea vitelor

gre~elile

nu a fost rentabila in unna eu doi ani.

din propozitiile unnatoare:

20

"
PARTEA "INTAI

LECTIA
26
,

ineepem leetia ell un grup de substantive noi. Cititi-le eu voce tare ~i

retineti intelesul lor in Iimba romana:
frost

> [frost]

- ger, inghet

rainbow

> [reinbou]

- cureubeu

thunder

> [T'andi{]

- tunet

heat-wave

> [hi:t lI c iv]

- val de caldura

hailstone

> [heilstaun]

- grindina

distance

> [distans]

- distanta, departare

shelter

> r~eltijr]

- adapost, refugiu

ditch

> rdit~]

twilight

> rtllailait]

- amurg, crepuscul

sunset

> [sansct]

- apus de soare

dawn

> [do:n]

- zori

lightning

> [laitnin(!!)]

- fulger

Acum repetati

acelea~i

~ant,

canal ..

cuvinte, dar in alta ordine:

hailstone

> [heilstaun]

- grindina

distance

> [disUms]

- distanta, departare

frost

> [frost]

- ger, inghet

lightning

> rlaitnin(~I]

- fulger

ditch

> rdit~]

shelter

>

- adapost, refugiu

thunder

> [T'anda1

- tunet

rainbow

> [reinbou]

- eureubeu

heat-wave

> [hi:t lI eiv]

- val de caldura

dawn

>[do:n]

- zori

sunset

> [sansct]

- apus de soare

twilight

> [t'lail ait]

- amurg, crepuscul

21

[~eltar]

~ant,

canal

lata cum se folosesc cuvintele noi in propozitii. Repetati propozitiile cu voce tare
pronuntie:
There hasn't been frost yet.

> [IYea' hEznt bm frost iet]

The ditches are frozen.

~i

fiti atenti la

- Nu a fost inca inghet.

-

~anturile

au inghetat.

How many colours has

a rainbow?

> [hau meni kala'z hEz

a rClIlbou]

- Cite culori are un curcubeu?

Thunder scares many people.

> [T'anda' skca'z meni pi:pl]

- Tunetul sperie multi oameni.

We saw the village in

the distance.

> lUi: so: D'ii vilidJ in

DLa distans]

- Noi am vazut satul in departare.

They found no shelter.

> [D/ei hlUnd nau

He continued ploughing
in the twilight.

> [hi. kantinlU:d plauII1(g)

III D/a t"arlalt]

Can we work after sunset?

> [kEn

The heat-wave started

in June.

> [D/a hI. t "el\' sta:'tid

111 dJu 'n]

The hailstones were very big.

> [DL a hedstaunz "a '\ en bIg] - Grindina a fost foarte mare.

Farmers start working

at dawn.

> [farma'z sta:'t

Etdo:n]

"I'

~elta'l

"a 'k a. fta' sanset]

"a"kIl1(~1

- Nu au gasit adapost.
- 1 a continuat sa are in amurg.

- Putem sa lucram dupa asfintit?

- Valul de caldura a inceput
in iunie.

- Fermierii incep sa lucreze

in zori.
- Ai vazut fulgerul?

Did you see the lightning?

In continuare sa exersam cuvintele noi. Introduceti cuvintele corespunzatoare in urmatoarele

propozitii in limba engleza:
A fost putin inghet iama aceea.

- There was little> tj'ost that winter.

Tunetul a speriat copiii.

- The >thunder scared the children.

Unele apusuri de soare sunt minunate.

- Some >sunscts are beautiful.

Noi am gasit un adapost pe timpul furtunii.

- We found a >shelter during the thunder-storm.

Imi plac zorile.

- I like the >dawn.

Ce animale traiesc in canale?

- What animals live in the >ditches?

Noi nu am vazut fulgerul.

- We didn't see the >lightning.

Valurile de caldura nu sunt dese.

- >Heat-wa\'cs don't often happen.

Curcubeul apare adesea dupa ploile torentiale.

- There is often a >rainbow after a shower.

Ce distanta este intre cele doua sate?

- What is the >distancc between

the two villages?

Nu ne-am inHilnit cu nimeni in amurg.

- We met nobody in the >twtlight.

22

Desigm ati retinut deja corespondentul romanesc al urmatoarelor cuvinte in limba engleza:
val de caldura

> Ilcat-wave

apus de soare, asfintit

> sunset

zon

> dawn

cmcubeu

> r2inbow

inghet

> fi'ost

tunet

> thunder

grindina

> hailstone

amurg

> twilight

fulger

> lightning

distanta

> distance

~ant,

> ditch

canal

adapost

> shelter

Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves pierd caracterul reflexiv, dadi le folosim pentru accentuarea
altor suhstantive sau adverhe, devenind pronume de intarire. De exemplu:

I myself have given it to you.

- Eu insumi ti I-am dat.

You have done it yomself.

- Tu insuti ai facut-o.

We shall plough the fields ourselves.

- Noi

He has heard it from the doctor himself.

- EI a auzit asta chiar de la doctor.

in~ine

ne vom ara pamantmile.

Dupa cum ati putut ohserva, In aceste cazuri prol1l11nele poate sa stea la mJjlocul sau la
propozi{iei, lara a-~'i pierde caractentl de Intarire:

You yomself have done it.

You have done it yomself.

sail:

"Have you done it yourself?"

23

sfar,~itul

lata un grup de cuvinte noi:

mild

- bland, blajin, moderat

> [matldl

raw

- crud, nefiert, aspru

piercing

- patrunzator, ascutit

cool

> [kull

- racoros

gloomy

> [glu:JnJ]

- intunecos, sumbru

unsettled

> [ansctald]

- variabil, schimbator

endless

> [cndlis]

nesIar~it,

interminabil, lara SIar~it

lar acum cititi acest scurt text referitor la starea vremii:

It is a gloomy day today. A piercing wind is blowing and there is raw frost.
Yesterday the wind was cool but it was mild. The weather is always unsettled
in this region and it often rains. Sometimes the rain is endless.

Sa urmarim fiecare propozitie separat. Fiti atenti la traducerea lor:

It is a gloomy day today.

> [It 17 a glu.mi de! tadc!]

A piercing wind is blowing

and there is raw frost.

> [a plarsin,gl "lnd i7 blau\I1(gj - Sufla un vant patrunzator

End Olear 17 roo frost]
~i este un frig aspru.

Yesterday the wind was cool

but it was mild.

> [Icstarc.lu O/a l1\11d 11 07

ku 1 bat it 11 07 matld]

- leri vantul a fost racoros,

dar vremea a fost blanda.

The weather is always

unsettled in this region
and it often rains.

> [O/a lI eo/ a r iz o.lllei7

ansetald in O/is ri:djan
End it ufn relllz]

- Vremea este mereu

schimbatoare in aceasta
regiune ~i ploua des.

- Azi vremea este intunecata.

Sometimes the rain is endless. > [samtallnz 0 / 5 relll iz end lis] - Uneori ploua rara sIar~it.

Pentru a exersa cuvintele noi, completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:

In luna martie vremea a fost mai blanda
decat in luna maio

- March was >mtlder than May.

Este un om sumbru.

- He is a >gloomy man.

Nu-mi place acest frig patrunzator.

- I don't like this >picrcmg cold.

In aceasta tara vremea este

de obicei schimbatoare.

- In this country the weather

is usually >unsettlcd.

Noi a trebuit sa lucram in vantul acela aspru.

- We had to work in the >raw wind.

Lucram mai bine atunci cand este racoare.

- We can work better when it is >cool.

Pentru unii oameni 0 saptamana

poate fi interminabila.

- To some people a week

can be >endlcss.

24

Ati retinut deja cuvintele noi? Traduceti-le in limba engleza:

crud, aspru

> raw

nesIar~it

> endless

schimbator

> unsettled

racoros

> cool

intunecat, sumbru

> gloomy

moderat

>mild

patrunzator, ascutit

> piercing

lata un exemplu de folosire a timpului trecut simplu (Simple Past):

Forma de trenlt a verbului sefoloseite pentru a exprima ipotezele. dorill{ele, In propozi{iile secundare
cerute de unniitoarele cuvinte ii expresii:

it is time

>[itiztaim]

- este timpul

I wish

>[ai"i~l

if

> [itl

- daca, presupunand

if only

> [ifaunli]

- cat de bine ar fi, a~ dori mult

(aceasta expresie de multe ori nu
se traduce in limba roman a)

suppose

> rsapauz]

- sa presupunem

fancy

> [fEnsi]

a-~i

imagina,

a-~i

inchipui

Imagme

> [imEdjin]

a-~i

imagina,

a-~i

Inchipui

it would be better if

> rit "ud hi: beta' itl

- ar fi mai bine daea...

a~

dori ... , a~ vrea (sa fie ...)

ca...

lata aceste expresii In propozitii:

It is time you went home.

- Este timpul sa pleei acasa.

I wish I were rich.

It would be better if we didn't leave early.

-Ar fi mai bine daea nu am pleca devreme.

If only there wcre cnough timc!

- Cat de bine ar fi sa avem timp suficient!

Suppose he came today.

- Sa presupunem ea ar vcni astazi.

Imaginc you had a lot of money.

- Imagineaza-ti ea ai avca

Fancy if the man you saw were yom father!

- Inchipuic~te-ti ca omul pc care l-ai vazut ar fi

tatal tau!

A~

dori sa fiu bogat.

multime dc bani.

In accste propozitii secundarc se folosc~te doar 0 singura forma a verbului

to be, forma de trceut were.

25

Acum sa exersam folosirea timpului trecut simplu. Completati urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
A~

vrea sa ~tiu ce sa fac.

Este timpul sa-ti scrie

- I wish I >knew what to do.

- It is time he :::wrote a letter to you.

scrisoare.

lnchipuie~te-ti ca aceasta casa ar fi a mea.

- Fancy ifthis house :::were mine.

De-ar conduce mai repede!

- If only he >drove faster!

Sa presupunem ca ne oprim aici.

- Suppose we >stopped here.

Imagineaza-ti ca John ar fi un bun conducator auto.

- Imagine if John >were a good driver.

Ar fi mai bine daca ei nu ~i-aI' lua caine.

- It would be better if they >didn't buy a dog.

Speram ca ati reu~it sa rezolvati exercitiul anterior. Sa invatam cateva verbe noi:
to shiver

> [tu ~iva']

- a tremura, a diirdiii (de frig)

to rumble

>[turambl]

- a bubui

to seem

>[tLlsi:ml

- a parea, a da impresia

to die

> [tu d'll]

- amuri

to damage

> [tLl dEmidJl

- a dcteriora, a strica, a distruge

to suffer

> [tu ,.,afa']

- a suferi

Forma de gerunziu - gerund - a verbului to die este dying.

Acum urmariti folosirea verbelor 111 propozitii. Cititi-Ie cu voce tare:

We shivered with cold.
The thunder was rumbling
in the distance.

- Noi am tremurat de frig.

> rD/a T'anda' "0Z ramblill(gl
in D1a distans]

The ploughing seemed endless. > [Ola plautn lg ) si:md endlis]

Who died?

- Parea ca nu se mai termina

aratul.
- Cine a murit?

> [hu: da/d]

The hailstones have damaged > r lYa hetlstoullZ hEy

delmdjd IYa krop]
the crop.
The cattle are suffering
from heat.

- Tunetul a bubuit
In departare.

> [D/a kEti a:' safa'lI1(c)

from hi:t]

26

- Grindina a distrus recolta.

- Vitele sufera de caldura.

Iar acum e n'indul dumneavoastra. Completati propozitiile in limba engleza cu formele corespunzatoare
ale verbelor:
Cine ne-a stricat

ma~ina

- Who >damaged our car last night?

noaptea trecuta?

Pana acum parea a fi nefolositor.

- It has >seem~duseless so far.

Noi am tremurat in frigul patrunzator.

- We >shlvcrl"d in the piercing cold.

Ei au suferit prea multa vreme deja.

- They have> suffered too long already.

Ea a murit intr-un accident.

- She >dicdin an accident.

Desigur dupa acest exercitiu

~titi

deja pe de rost verbele noi. Traduceti cuvintele in limba engleza:

a parea, ada impresia

> to seem

a suferi

> to suffer

a tremura, a diirdiii

> to shiver

amurl

> to die

a deteriora, a strica

> to damage

a bubui

> to rumble

Iar acum ne yom ocupa din nou de pronumele re1ativ.

$tim deja cii pronumele that poate introduce propozi!ia secundarii relativii restrictivii. In cazul
propozi!iilor secundare restrictive, In loclll pronumelui which se folose~te In mod obligatoriu acest
prolll/me. In mlilte cazuri Insii, pronllmele that poate fi omis, ca de exemplu In lIrmiitoarele cazllri:
I.

DlIpii superlativ:
It is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

- Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.

He bought the cheapest bicycle (that)

they showed him.

- El a cumparat cea mai ieftina bicicleta

pe care i-au aratat-o.

These are the highest wages (that)

they pay.

- Acestea sunt ce1e mai ridicate salarii

pe care Ie pIatesc.

This is the fastest plane (that) I have ever seen. - Acesta este cel mai rapid avion pe care
I-am V3zut vreodata.
2.

Dupii lIrmiitoarele cuvinte

el1gleze,~ti:

everything

anything

something

few

little

much

nothing

DlIpii all:

Everything (that) you see is his.

- Tot ceea ce vezi, este allui.

This is something (that) I don't understand.

- Acesta este ceva ce nu inteleg.

Is there anything (that) I have forgotten?

- Este ceva ce am uitat?

There is little (that) I can do for you.

- Este putin ceea ce pot face pentru tine.

All (that) we have bought is in the kitchen.

- Tot ceea ce am cumparat este in bucatarie.

27

3.

Dupa adjectivele any $i only:

Is there any information (that) you can give me?

- Este vreo informatie pe care mi-o poti da?

This is the only news (that) I have heard.

- Este singura ~tire pe care am auzit-o.

Pentru a exersa cele Invatate anterior, tradueeti urmatoarele propozitii in limba engleza:
Este raul eel mai lat pe care I-am vazut vreodata.

> This

Nu au nimic care ar merita acei bani.

> They have nothing that

Este ceva ce ar trebui sa ~tiu?

> Is there anything (that) I must know?

Ai vreo carte pe care

a~

putea sa

iau?

IS

the widest nver (that) I have ever seen.

IS

worth the money.

> Have you any books (that) J can take'?

In ultimul exercitiu de traducere allectiei ne yom referi la temele tratate anterior. Traduceti propozitiile
In limba engleza:
Ellnsu~i vrea

sa 0 faca.

> He \\ants to do it himself

Voi face tot ce este neeesar.

> I will do everythl1lg that IS necessary.

Este timpul sa lucrezi mai din greu.

> It

Vreau sa seman orz.

> I want to sow barley.

Singurullueru (care a fost) deteriorat

a fost bieicleta mea.

> The only thl1lg that was damaged

De n-ar fi vremea aHit de sumbra!

> If only the weather welTn't so gloomy!

Ei

in~i~i

IS

tnne you wOlked a little harder.

was my bicycle.

au vazut grindina!

> They ha\ e seen hailstones themselves!

A fost eel mai lung val de ealdura pc care

I-am avut vreodata.

> ThiS was the longest heat-wave (that)

Va fi racoare la noapte.

> It will be cool tonight.

A~

vrea sa nu tremur atat!

>

A~

vrea ca vremea sa nu fie sehimbatoare.

> I wIsh the weather were not unsettled.

we have e\'er had.

Nu a fost mult ce am putut vedea In amurg.

T wish T dIdn't

sh1\'er so'

> There was not much that we could sec

111 the twilight.

lata exercitiuI de pronuntie. Literele scrise accentuat aflate In aceea~i coloana, desemneaza un sunet
identic:

ra1
heat

suffer

shiver

seem

rumble

rain

ditch

seed

cut

lane

milk

feed

but

grain

fish

28

LECTIA
26 - PARTEA A DOVA
,
Exersa!i accentul ~i intonatia in urmatorul dialog. Cititi propozi!iile cu voce tare
pronuntia cuvintelor ~i a silabelor scrise accentuat:

~i

fiti atenti la

Barbara, I just read in the newspaper that to people who live in the country and earn their
money in agriculture, the weather is much more important than to those who live in a town
or city.
Barbara: That's right, favourable weather is necessary for a good crop.
John:
But sometimes it is too dry and at other times it is too wet.
Barbara: There has to be enough sun, too.
Yes, but if it is too dry for too long, the crop will not grow fast enough.
John:
Barbara: But we know that farmers are not easily satisfied.
John:

Mary:
Peter:
Mary:
Peter:

Peter, did you listen to what Barbara and John have just said?
Yes, I did. The weather is something to talk about every day and everywhere.
When people meet, they like to talk about the weather.
They are glad when they can sit in the sun for example.

Barbara: Sometimes the weather can give us beautiful things.

A lightning can be very impressive, but it also scares some people.
Tom:
Barbara: Is there anybody who doesn't enjoy looking at a rainbow? And what about a beautiful
sunset?
Even a thunderstorm or a shower can be beautiful.
Tom:
Barbara: The best thing is to be satisfied with the weather, for there is nothing that we can change
about it.

In incheiere urmeaza un exercitiu de traducere in care am sintetizat cele invatate pana acum. Traduceti
propozitiile in limba englcza:
Nu poate fi adevarat ee spui.

> What you say cannot be true.

Maine pleeam la Madrid.

> \"lYe are leaving for Madrid tomOITOw.

Ei

in~i~i

El

vorbc~te

aee~ti

eartofi.

mereu despre

m~ina

au plantat

> They planted these potatoes themselves.

lui rapida.

> He is always talking about his fast car.

Aeesta este eeva ce nu am vazut niciodata

pana acum.
Cine

cite~te

> This is something that I have never seen

before.

cfu1;i, va inva!a multo

> Who reads books will \cam much.

El ma duce acasa cu ma~ina diseara.

> He is driving me home tonight.

De s-ar schimba vremea!

> If only the weather changed!

Ei s-au oferit (singuri) sa reeolteze secara.

> They offered themselves to harvest the rye.

Cand vrci sa tunzi oile?

> Whcn do yOll want to shear the sheep')

Am vazut eu insumi asta.

> I have seen it myself.

29

Este singurul grfm pe care I-au depozitat

deja.

> TIm; IS the only eOIll that has been stored

already.

Este cea mai bHinda vreme pe care noi

am avut-o de mult timp.

> This IS the mildest weather that we have

had for a long tllne.

Rozatoarele mananca multe eereale.

> Rodents cat a lot of corn.

Oamenii de la tara sunt eei mai

sanato~i?

> Arc eountly people the healthiest ones')

Animalele eele mai da~atoare pe care

Ie cunoa~tem sunt ~obolanii.

> The most hannful animals that we know

Cre~terea

> is cattle farming still profitable?

arc rats.

vitelor este Inca rentabila?

Vitele sufera de frigul aspru.

> The cattle arc suffcrIng from the raw cold.

Aceasta pa~une este prea umeda.

> This pasture is too wet.

Este eeva ee a fost deteriorat de grindma?

> ]s there anything that has been damaged

by hailstones')

De ee sunt garduri vii de-a lungul

drumurilor de tara?

> Why arc there hedges along the country lane?

Multi oameni batdini au murit In timpul

valului de ealdura.

> Many old people died during the heat-wave.

Au fost tunse deja oile?

> Have the sheep been shorn yet?

Aeesta este eeva ee nu pare a fi posibil.

> This is something that doesn't seem to

be pOSSIble.

Acest camp nu a dat nimic ee poate fi vandut.

> This field has yielded nothlllg that

can be sold.

Noi am auzit bubuitul tunetului

In departare.

> We heard the thunder rumbhng

in the distance.

Ei au continuat sa recolteze In amurg.

> They \\ ent on harvestll1g in the twilight

"This is something that I have never seen before."

30

RECAPITULAREA LECTIEI
26
,
26.1. Pronumele de tipul myself, themselves Ie putem folosi ~i pentru accentuarea altor substantive.
In aceste cazuri Ie numim pronume de intarire ~i accentul cade pe prima silaba a cuvantului.

r myself have given it to you.

- Eu insumi ti-am dat asta.

In acest caz, pronumele sta la mijlocul sau la sIar~itul propozitiei, rara a-~i pierde caracterul de
intarire.
You yourself have done it.
You have done it yourself.
26.2. Forma de trecut a verbului se folose~te pentru a exprima ipoteze, dorinte, in ace Ie propozitii
secundare cerute de urmatoarele cuvinte $i expresii;
it is timc

- este timpul

I wish

- a$ dori ..., a~ vrea sa fie .

if

- daca, presupunand ca .

if only

- exprima 0 dorinta puternica de exemplu:

"de-ar fi ..." de multe ori nu se traduce in
Iimba romana.

suppose

- presupunand

fancy

a-~i

imagina,

a-~i

inchipui

imagine

a-~i

imagina,

a-~i

inchipui

it would be better if

- ar fi mai bine daca

Aceste propozitii secundare se refera intotdeauna la prezent sau viitor, de exemplu;

It is time you went home.

- Este timpul sa pleci acasa.

r wish I were rich.

A~

vrea sa fiu bogat.

In accstc propozitii secundare se folose~te doar forma de trecut were a verbului to be.
26.3. Pronumele relativ that se poate omite in unnatoarelc situatii;

I. Dupa superlativ;
It is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

- Este eel mai bun film pe care I-am vazut.

He bought the cheapest bicycle (that)

they showed him.

- EI a cumparat cca mai ieftina-bicicl;ta

pe care i-au aratat-o.

2. Dupa urmatoarele cuvinte

engleze~ti:

everything

anything

something

few
Dupa all.

little

much

3. Dupa adjectivele any

~i

nothing

only:

Is there any information (that)

you can give me?

- Estc vreo informatie pe care

mi-o poti da?
31

TEMA PENTRU ACASA 26

A

B.

C.

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba romana:

l.

They built their house themselves.

2.

If only my daughter were more beautiful!

3.

It would be better if they didn't damage our fridge.

4.

I have never seen anything more exciting.

5.

They are the only people I like.

6.

Can you tell me why they are digging ditches?

Traduceti urmatoarele propozitii In limba engleza:

de~tepti!

I.

De-ar fi copiii mei mai

2.

Imagineaza-ti ca ai gasit un portmoneu cu bani.

3.

Crezi ca

4.

Este tot ce pot face pentru tine.

5.

Este timpul sa pleci la lucru!

6.

Nu-mi place frigul patrunzator

Corectati

ellnsu~i

gre~elile

a deteriorat acest lucru?

~i

vantul aspru.

din urmatoarele propozitii:

I.

I wish I am younger.

2.

The thunder rumblled in the distance.

3.

We will see the sunset ourselfs.

4.

This gloomy weather is endles.

5.

Their flower is dieing.

32

Lista verbelor neregulate din lectiile 25 ~i 26

forma I
set

>

shear >
sow

>

forma a II-a

r~ct]

set

r~ia']
r,ou]

forma a III-a

rset]

set

>

rset]

sheared>

rsia'd]

shorn

>

I~o:'nl

>

rsOlid]

sown

>

rsoun ]

sowed

>

33

VOCABULARUL LECTIILOR
25 SI
,
, 26
agricultural

>

rEgrikalt~aral]

- agricol

agriculture

>

rEgnkalt~ar]

- agricultura

along

> [alon(l"l

- de-a lungul, in lungul

arable fanning

> [Erabl fa,rmin(gl]

- cultivarea plantelor

barley

> [ba:rlil

- orz

barn

> [ba:rn]

- hambar,

cattle

> [kEtl]

- vite, bovine

cattle fanning

> [kEtl fa:Imin(gl]

cool

> r ku:1]

- racoros

corn

> rko:rnl

- grane, cereale, grau, porumb

country lane

> rkantri kin]

- drum de tara

to cover

> I tu kava I]

- a acoperi, a inveli

cow

> [kau]

- vaca

crow

> [haul

- cioara

dairy

> [Jeari]

- Hiptarie, fabrica de prelucrare

a laptelui

dairy produce

> [Jean prodlU:s]

- produse lactate

to damage

> [tu dEmidl]

- a deteriora, a strica, a distruge

dawn

> [Jo:n]

- zori, aurora

to die

> [tu dal]

- a muri, a deceda

distance

> [ Jistans]

- distanta, departare

ditch

> [dit:;;]

dry

> [drail

- uscat

to dry

> [tu dral]

- a usca

endless

> rendlis]

except

> [Iksept]

- cu exceptia, in afara de

tu fail

> [tu tl:tll

- a nu

to fancy

> [tu tEnsl]

farmhand

> [fa:rmhEnd]

- muncitor agricol

fertile

> [fa:rtatl]

- fertil, rodnic

frost

> [n'ostl

- ger, inghet

furrow

> [faroul

- brazda
34

~ura, ~opron

cre~terea

~ant,

canal

nesrar~it,

a-~i

vitelor

interminabil

reu~i,

a cadea

imagina,

a-~i

inchipui

gloomy

> [glu:mi]

- intunecos, sumbru

grain

> [grem]

- graunte, bob

to graze

> [tu grciz]

- a

hailstone

> [hl'ilstaun]

- grindina

harmful

> [ha:'mfal]

- daunator, rau

to harvest

> [tu ha:'vist]

- a recolta, a strange, a secera

to have

> [tu hEy tu]

- a trebui

to healthy

> [hl'IT'i]

- sanatos

heat-wave

> [Ili:t Uciv]

- val de caldura

hedge

> [hcdj]

- gard viu

herself

> [ha:'selfj

- ea insa~i, chiar ea

himself

> [himseltl

- el insu~i, chiar el

if only

> [ifaunli]

- cat de mult ... , de-ar ...

to imagine

> [tu imEdjin]

interesting

> [intrastin(g)]

- interesant

itself

> [itselfj

- el

it is time

> [it iz taim]

- este timpul

it would be better if

> [it "ud bl: beta' if]

- ar fi mai bine daca

I wish

> [ai "i~]

lightning

>

mild

> [maild]

- bland, blajin, moderat

to milk

> [tu milk]

- a mulge

mixed fanning

> [mikst fa:rmin(g)]

- cultivare mixta

myself

> [maiselfj

- insumi, insami, chiar eu

of course

> [av ko:rs]

- bineinteles, desigur,

oneself

> [" anse lfj

insu~i, insa~i

ourselves

> [auarselvz]

in~ine

pasture

> [pa'st<;;il']

pa~une

piercing

> [pia'sin(vl]

- patrunzator, ascu!it

to plant

> [tu pla:nt]

- a planta, a sadi

plough

> [piau]

- plug

possible

> [posibl]

- posibil, cu putinta

[laitnin(~I]

pa~te,

a-~i

a~

a duce la pascut

inchipui,

a-~i

imagina

'insu~i

dori,

a~

vrea sa fie

- fulger

35

fire~te

profitable

> [profitabl]

- profitabil, rentabil

rainbow

> [rel11b(lul

- curcubeu

rat

> [I Ell

raw

> [ro:l

- crud, nefiert, neprelucrat, aspru

regularly

> [rcglUla'lll

- in mod

rodent

> [rIludentl

- rozator

to rumble

> [nu rambll

- a bubui

to scare

> [tu skea'l

- a speria

scarecrow

> [skea'kraul

- sperietoare (de ciori)

to seem

> [tu sun1

- a parea, a da impresia

seed

> [si ,dl

- samanta

to set

> [tu set]

- a pune, a

to shear

> [tu sia']

- a tunde

shelter

>

to shiver

> [tu siva'l

- a tremura, a dardai (de frig)

to sow

> [tu soul

- a semana, a insamanta

to store

> [tu sto :'1

- a tine/a depozita

to suffer (from)

> [tu safarl

- a suferi de

sunset

> [sansetl

- apus de soare, asfintit

to suppose

> [tu sa[Juuzl

- a presupune,

themselves

> [D/emsel\'71

thunder

> [randa'l

- tunet

twilight

> [tUail alt1

- amurg, crepuscul

tractor

> [trEktarl

- tractor

unsettled

> [ansetaldl

- variabil, schimbator

wet

> ["etl

- ud, umed, ploios, de ploaie

to yield

> [tu li,lll]

- I. a produce, a da, a rezulta;

2. a ceda

yourself

>

[~elta'l

~obolan

regulat/obi~nuit

4
a~eza,

a situa

- adapost, refugiu

rIO 'self]

in~i~i,

a-~i

inchipui

insele, chiar ei/ele

- tu insuti sau insati, dumneavoastra

in~iva

yourselves

..,

> [10 'schzl

- voi, sau dumneavoastra

36

in~iva