Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
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53
Abstract
The paper presents the thermal sizing of a cryogenic cooling system and the cryogenic working conditions for a
4kW superconducting synchronous electrical motor and thermal aspects involved by the stator functioning,
when treated as heat source. The cryogenic cooling equipment relies on a cryocooler and a closed circuit with
Neon gas. This cooling system could reach 27 K at the rotor superconducting coils level. Such cooling system
of the superconducting electric motor provides a simpler, more economic functioning and reliable stable thermal
conditions for the HTS coils than other systems.
Keywords: cryogenic cooling technique, synchronous machine, high temperature superconductor, design for
testability
1. Introducere
Spre deosebire de motorul electric
convenional, al crui bobinaj (statoric i
rotoric) este realizat din cupru, motorul
electric supraconductor are bobinajul rotoric
realizat din material supraconductor de
temperatur ridicat HTS (High Temperature
Superconductor) [1-4]. Pentru meninerea n
regim de supraconducie a acestuia este
necesar rcirea criogenic a bobinajului
rotoric supraconductor la o temperatur
inferioar temperaturii critice a acestuia
(T<Tc). Materialul HTS utilizat la realizarea
prototipului de motor electric sincron
supraconductor prezentat n aceast lucrare,
este de tip YBCO [5, 6] care are temperatura
critic de 92 K.
n scopul testrii funcionalitii motorului,
s-a utilizat un sistem criogenic de rcire
bazat pe utilizarea azotului lichid suprarcit
(65K) [7], ceea ce a permis tragerea unor
concluzii preliminare referitoare la parametrii
de lucru ai acestuia. Pentru creterea
performanelor generale ale motorului i o
exploatare stabil, este necesar o rcire
mai pronunat a bobinajelor HTS rotorice.
1
54
q& cond =
A 2
(T )dT = ( A / L ) T
L T1
(1)
(2)
(3)
Q R = Q R1 + Q R*1 + Q R 2 + Q R* 2 + Q R 3 + Q R* 3
Datorit simetriei, se observ c QR1=QR1*,
QR2=QR2* i QR3=QR3*. Atunci, aplicnd
relaia (2), se obine un flux termic radiativ
total QR=5,23 W.
n aceste condiii, cantitatea total de
caldur schimbat ntre mediul ambiant i
incinta criogenic este Q= 9,18W ceea ce
reprezint sarcina termic a sistemului
criogenic de racire.
Acest transfer minim se realizeaz n
condiiile urmtoare:
introducerea unor zone de bariere
termice n structura rotorului, cu o
conductivitate termic de 0,5 W/mK
fa de 100 W/mK ct prezint oelul
inoxidabil;
-5
asigurarea unui vid de cel puin 10
torr ntre carcasa motorului i incinta
rotoric, pentru obinerea unui regim
tranzitoriu de conducie n gazul
rezidual;
execuia rotorului din oel inoxidabil
(incinta criogenic i arborele rotoric).
3. Sistemul criogenic de rcire rotoric
Preluarea sarcinii termice de cca. 10 W
de la incinta rotoric i asigurarea unei
temperaturi de 30 K la nivelul bobinelor
55
56
(9)
12. rezult
entalpia
vaporilor,
considernd pct. 5 la ieirea din
motor i sursa de cldur pe motor,
h5 = hv = 85718 J/kg
13. din
ecuaia
(8),
va
rezulta
h6 = 146502,802 J/kg.
Calculul suprafeei de transfer termic a
schimbtorului de cldur
Tabelul 1
Nr.
Denumire parametru
crt.
Date de intrare
1 gaz de lucru
2 presiune (dup ventilul de
laminare)
3 debit masic gaz
4 putere criogenerator
5 coeficient de schimb termic
6 randament schimbtor
7 putere schimbtor
8 temperatura medie
logaritmic
9 suprafaa de schimb termic
Simbol Valoare
UM
Neon
6,5(2)
bar
M
Qcrio
K
Ps
Tm
0,0005
35
20
95
101,77
12,72
Kg/s
W
W/m2K
%
W
K
0,40
m2
S=
Ps
kTm
(10)
iar
(T1 T7 ) (T2 T6 )
Tm =
ln[(T1 T7 ) (T2 T6 )]
(11)
5. Acknowledgment
This work was financially supported by
the UEFISDCI of Romania, under the
National Scientific Programme PNCDI
II/Contract no. 22118/2008 Superconducting
Electric Motor.
6. Resurse bibliografice
[1] Masson P.J., Tixador P., Ordonez J.C.,
Morega A.M., Luongo C.A., Electro-thermal
model for HTS motor design, in IEEE Trans.
on Applied Superconductivity, 17, 2,
pp.1529-1532, 2007.
[2] Masson P.J., Tixador P., Ordonez J.C.,
Morega A.M., Luongo C.A., Electro-thermal
sizing model for HTS motor design, in
Applied
superconductivity
conference,
ASC06, Aug. 27-Sept. 1, Seattle, WA, USA,
2006.
[3] Morega A.M., Ordonez J.C., Thermal
stability of an HTS AC armature winding, in
FEMLAB Conference, Boston, Oct. 23-25,
Hyatt Regency, Cambridge, Boston, MA,
2005.
[4] Morega A.M., Ordonez J.C., Vargas J.V.C.,
Thermal model for the AC armature winding
of a high temperature superconductor
airborne motor, in ASME, IEMEC-2005, Nov.
5-11, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2005.
[5] Dobrin I., Morega A.M., Popescu M., The
development of a small power, high
temperature
superconductor
(HTS)
synchronous motor, in ICATE 2010,
th
10 International Conference on applied and
theoretical electricity, Oct. 8-9, Craiova,
Romania.
[6] Dobrin I., Pslaru-Danescu L., Stoica V.,
Superconducting synchronous motor electric
drive, in EEA, Vol. 60, Nr.1/ 2012, pp.25-30.
[7] Morega A.M., Dobrin I., Popescu M.,
Morega M., Heat transfer analysis in the
design phase of a high temperature
superconducting motor, in OPTIM 2010,
12th International conference on optimization
of electrical and electronic equipment, May
22-24
2010,
DOI
10.1109/OPTIM.
2010.5510425, ISSN 1842-0133, Print ISBN
57
978-1-4244-7019-8,
140-146,
Braov,
Romania.
[8] NIST
reference
tables
http://www.
ncnr.nist.gov/
[9] Morega A.M., Dobrin I., Popescu M.,
Morega M., Pslaru-Danescu L., Numerical
heat transfer in the design phase of a
synchronous superconducting machine, in
EEA, Vol. 60, Nr. 1/2012, pp. 44-49.
[10]Conte R.R., Elements de Cryogenie, Masson
ie
&C , Paris, 1970, pp.10-25.
[11]Ekin J.W., Experimental techniques for low
temperature
measurements,
Oxford
University Press, 2008, pp.50-56.
[12]Sumitomo Heavy Industry, http://www.
shicryogenics.com
[13]Iwasa Y., Case studies in Superconducting
Magnets, Springer, 2009.
[14]Peculea
M.,
Cryogenic
Installations,
Conphys, Rm. Vlcea, 1997.
7. Biography
Ion DOBRIN was born in Bucharest
(Romania), on February 16, 1956. He
graduated the University of Bucharest,
Faculty of Physics in, Romania, in
1984. He received the PhD degree in
Materials
Science
from
the
Polytechnic University of Bucharest
(Romania), in 1999. He is Scientific Resercher in
National Institute for Research & Development for
Electrical Engineering, Bucharest (Romania). His
research
interests
concern,
applied
superconductivity
in
electrical
engineering,
cryogenics and electric machines.
Sebastian Davides BRAD was born
in Rm. Vlcea (Romania), on
September 05,1970. He graduated the
Politechnica University of Timisoara,
Faculty of Mechanics, Romania, in
1995. He received the PhD degree
in Materials Science from the Polytechnic University
of Timisoara (Romania), in 2008. He is Scientific
Resercher in National Institute for Research &
Development
for
Cryogenics
and
Isotopic
Technologies, Rm. Valcea (Romania). His research
interests concern, cryogenic engineering and
technologies.
Alexandru M. MOREGA (M90, IEEEEMB, IEEE-IAS SM2007) was born in
Bucharest, Romania, in 1955. He
received the B.E. and M.S. degrees
(1980) and the doctoral degree (1987)
in Electrical Engineering from the
University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, and the
Ph.D. degree in Mechanical Engineering (1993) from
Duke University of Durham, North Carolina, USA. In
1983, he joined the Faculty of Electrical Engineering,
University POLITEHNICA of Bucharest, as an
Assistant Professor, and in 1998 he became
Professor. His current research interests include
electromagnetism, heat and mass transfer, fieldsubstance interactions, energy conversion and
sources, multiphysics modeling.