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Curs7 PDF
#.
Aerodinamica
autovehiculelor
de
transport
40 km/h
100 km/h
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4!*!,!"!/!)!*!)!&!*!!!!!.!&!!!!!5!&!,!*!#!$!,!-!
/",'*'&!.&!/$, Reducerea
coecientului
aerodinamic
C
inueneaz
n
mod
D
cT
_
cp pe
Fig.2.13.depresiune
Coeficientul de presiune
remorc" [1]
+
cabin" #i presiune
(#$!
(!
!""#$"%&'&()*&+&,&(-./(
Presiunea
'#$!
'!
!
&#$!
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2,!-./-01%#&!
+,!-./-01%!
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)&""!
"!
&""!
(""!
*""!
0#1)23%1(-0&/(
Fig.5.11. Distribu!ia presiunii pe suprafa!a frontal" a semiremorcii, pe linia situat" n planul median al vehiculului
!
Fig.5.14. Distribu!ia presiunii pe suprafa!a vehiculului, a) Hr/Hc=1
!
!
!
78!
"!
&!
(!
*!
3!
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2,!-./-01%#&!
)&""!
0,!-./-01%#(!
)&$"!
)'$"!
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Fig.5.12. Distribu!ia presiunii pe suprafa!a superioar" a semiremorcii, pe linia situat" n planul median al vehiculului
)$"!
)'""!
!
! /H =1.2
H
r
c
Fig.5.15. Distribu!ia presiunii pe suprafa!a vehiculului, b) Hr/Hc=1.2
"!
!
!
$"!
!
!
$!
(#$!
(!
'#$!
Fig.5.16. Distribu!ia
presiunii
pe
suprafa!a vehiculului, c) Hr/Hc=1.4
r
c
&+&,&(-./(
Hr/Hc=1.0
0#1)23%1(-0&/(
H /H =1.4
Evolu!ia spa!iului dintre liniile de curen!i sunt un indicator al for!ei care ac!ioneaz" n
plan vertical.
Dac" liniile de curent
o viteza
mare #i n consecin!"
Energia
cineBca
turbulenta
sunt
apropiate
nseamn"
Viteza
aerului
presiune
static" mic".
Fig.5.19. Varia!ia energiei cinetice
a turbulen!elor
n spatele semiremorcii, b) Hr/Hc=1.2
n cazul a) Fig.5.18 turbulen!ele se! creeaz" n spatele semiremorcii iar valoarea maxim" a
"!#!$!%!&!'!(!$!)!*!)!&!*!!!!)!&!+!#!$!,!-!!!!.!$!#!!!!,!/!"!0!1!#!*!2!3!,!*!
Fig.5.21. Viteza de curgere a curen!ilor de aer, a) Hc/Hr=1
a energiei cinetice a turbulen!elor este de 18 m /s Fig. 5.19, iar suplimentar se formeaz" mici
turbulen!e n spa!iul dintre cabin" #i remorc".
Cazul c) este pu!in mai special datorit" depresiunilor create n spa!iul dintre cabin" #i
remorc" #i n zona de deta#are a curen!ilor de aer deasupra semiremorcii, zone n care se
formeaz" turbulen!e. Valoarea maxim" a energiei cinetice a turbulen!elor n spatele semiremorcii
2 2
de 14 mFig.5.18.
/s (Fig.
5.20)energiei
#i turbulen!ele
se ntind pe
o distan!"
mai mare
ca n cazurile a) #i b).
Varia"ia
cinetice a turbulen"elor
n spatele
semiremorcii,
a) Hr/Hc=1
Heste
/H
=1.2
r
c
78!
Formarea turbulen!elor n cazul b) este asem"n"toare cu cea n cazul a), valoarea maxim"
a energiei cinetice a turbulen!elor este de 18 m2/s2 Fig. 5.19, iar suplimentar
mici de aer, c) Hc/Hr=1.4
Fig.5.23. Vitezasedeformeaz"
curgere a curen!ilor
Fig.5.20. Varia!ia energiei cinetice a turbulen!elor n spatele semiremorcii, c) Hr/Hc=1.4
CD
Hr/Hc
Viteza aerului
=0
!
"!#!$!%!&!'!(!$!)!*!)!&!*!!!!)!&!+!#!$!,!-!!!!.!$!#!!!!,!/!"!0!1!#!*!2!3!,!*!
4!*!,!"!/!)!*!)!&!*!!!!!.!&!!!!!5!&!,!*!#!$!,!-!
/",'*'&!.&!/$,-
) 18.4 m2/s2 Fig. 5.30, n cazul c) 15.45 m2/s2 Fig. 5.31 respectiv n cazul d)
=35
5.32.
!
"!#!$!%!&!'!(!$!)!*!)!&!*!!!!)!&!+!#!$!,!-!!!!.!$!#!!!!,!/!"!0!1!#!*!2!3!,!*!
Fig.5.33. Viteza de curgere a curen!ilor de aer, a) "=0
4!*!,!"!/!)!*!)!&!*!!!!!.!&!!!!!5!&!,!*!#!$!,!-!
/",'*'&!.&!/$,-
!
Fig.5.34. Viteza de curgere a curen!ilor de aer, b) "=35
=50
78!
78!
CD
au chiar negativ".
Forma
cabinei
Cabina
cu
muchii
drepte
Cabina
cu
muchii
rotunjite
Deflectorul pentru cabin" este foarte util pentru reducerea influen!ei aerului fronta
Fig. 2.19 Curgerea aerului peste un vehicul f!r! deflector petru cabin! "i cu deflector pentru cabin!
Vntul lateral care trece pe sub vehicul, pe lang! ro"i #i axuri produce o cre#tere a
Panouri laterale
unghiul de gira"ie,
pot filateral
ata#atecare
panouri
laterale
tractorului
#i semiremorcii.
Vntul
trece
pe
sub
vehicul,
pe
lang
roi
Eficien"a
i
axuri
panourilor
pentru un anumit
tip de vehicul este reprezentat! n Fig.2.21.
contracara
parial
creterea
rezistenei
aerului
odat
cu
unghiul
de
Fig. 2.21. Varia!ia coeficientului aerodinamic prin utilizarea panourilor laterale pentru tractor si semiremorc" [15]
gira#ie de 5, coeficientul aerodinamic continu! sa creasc! intr-un ritm mai lent astfel c! pentru
un unghi de gira#ie de 20 eficien#a a ajuns la 0.09 [15].
Fig.2.22. Curgerea curen!ilor vntului lateral prin spa!iul dintre cabin" si semiremorc"
gira#ie de 5, coeficientul aerodinamic continu! sa creasc! intr-un ritm mai lent astfel c! pentru
un unghi de gira#ie de 20 eficien#a a ajuns la 0.09 [15].
Fig.2.22. Curgerea curen!ilor vntului lateral prin spa!iul dintre cabin" si semiremorc"
!"#
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Remorc
conRnu
Interaciunea
dintre
remorcile
unui
autotren
este
foarte
similar
cu
interaciunea
dintre
cabin
i
semiremorc
studiat
n
cazul
anterior.
S-au
realizat
diverse
masuratori
pentru
a
imbuntii
curgerea
aerului
n
spaiul
dintre
cele
dou
corpuri.
O
rezisten
a
aerului
redus
a
cabinei
cauzeaz
att
reducerea
coecientului
aerodinamic
al
ansamblului
ct
i
redistribuirea
rezistenei
aerodinamice
pe
camion
i
pe
remorc.
en!iat n Fig.2.23.
2.23. Reducerea rezisten"ei aerului si redistribuirea rezisten"ei aerodinamice cauzate de mbunata"iri adus
frontale a vehiculului [16]
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F50@553+095+45/<+/3<+07/1413>+07/1457+=4/?5<+/+61>31;18/30+7245+13+095+/E2:30+2;+<7/>+5K=5715385<+
F?+095+82EF13/0123+A591845B+=/7018:4/74?+/0+91>957+?/@+/3>456H+
+
+
+
+
16.50 m
+
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+
+
++
+
++
!"#$%&'(')'*+,&-'./0'1+23&24"+25-'4%514+%'6&7"84%5"-&%'
+
Figure 4 Model #6, LCV'
+
+
L260+2=57/0276+/75+320+<175804?+82385735<+@109+<7/>B+92@5A57H++#2+095E+10+16+095+5;;580+2;+<7/>+
75<:80123+ 09/0+ 1E=/806+ 09517+ 2=57/01236B+ A1/+ /3+ /66281/05<+ ;:54+ 8236:E=0123+ 75<:80123H+ + + #95+
Figure 4 Model #6, LCV'
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++
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09:6B+;:54+82606H+
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+
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09/0+
07/8027+ 07/14576+ /75+ 5/89+ 07/A54413>+
W5=/70E530+ 2;+ #7/36=270B+ 10+ 16+ /66:E5<+ 09/0+ 095+ M!&+ @144+ F:73+ -XD+ 4566+ ;:54+ 09/3+ 095+ 0@2+
,))B)))+NE+=57+?5/7+/0+/+605/<?+6=55<+2;+,))+NEO9B+5/89+=:4413>+*-+;220+A/3+65E1$07/14576H++#95+
823A530123/4+
07/8027+ 07/14576+ 82EF135<H+ + Y0+ 16+ /66:E5<+ 09/0+ 53>135+ 5;;181538?+ /3<+ /44+ =/7/61018+
25.25 m
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7.5.2 Technologies
#
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Au
rolul
de
a
permite
o
curgere
laminara
a
aerului
in
zona
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este
dat
de
cresterea
lungimii
autotrenului
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transport
(probleme
de
manevrare).
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+
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Remorci ajustabile
$%&!$#'$()*+
(LA++#916+05893242>?+/462+75M:1756+/+7507/80/E45+07/8027+;/1713>H+13+27<57+02+E5+5;;5801F5A+
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0:7E:45385+13+095+C/T5A+
Fig. 2.29. Curgerea aerului peste un vehicul de transport MAN, optimizat aerodinam
Autocare
Este
necesara
opBmizarea
din
punct
de
vedere
aerodinamic
pentru
ca
se
deplaseaza
cu
viteze
ridicate
Exista
limitari
legate
de
:
maximizarea
numarului
de
pasageri,
spaBu
de
depozitare
a
bagajelor,
necesitatea
asigurarii
confortului
(spaBu
!"pasageri+climaBzare)
#
#
$%&&'()$'&*'+,-#
autotren
autocar
automobil
rezistenta
mecanica
rezistenta
aerodinamica
motocicleta
#
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