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Tumorile cerebrale
Anomalii sau distructie a mielinei initial la
nivelul SNC prin:
Defecte enzimatice congenitale
(leucodistrofiile)
Procese autoimune (scleroza multipla)
Deficite metabolice
MS is a chronic (auto)immune-mediated CNS-
Multiple Sclerosis confined demyelinating disease affecting
2.500.000 people worldwide;
MS is pathologically
characterized by inflammation, demyelination
and neurodegeneration
(axonal loss and neuronal damage);
tumori intracraniene:
primare:-tesut nervos propriu-zis
- meninge
- resturi embrionare
- radacini nervi cranieni
- hipofiza, epifiza
secundare:metastaze cerebrale
revarsate sanguine:-hematoame
- malformatii vasculare expansive
procese inflamatorii/infectioase expansive:-abcese
- tuberculoame
- gome
- parazitoze
Pseudotumor cerebri
tesut nervos propriu-zis (cu originea in astrocite, celule gliale,
oligodendrocite)
meninge
resturile embrionare
Incidenta :-1-5%
greturi si vomismente
staza papilara
Cauze:
tulburarile psihice Dezvoltarea tumorii
Fenomene intratumorale (hemoragie,
iritatie meningiana necroza, degenerare chistica)
pareze de oculomotori Edemul peritumoral
Hidrocefalia
tulburari vestibulare
epilepsia
Cauze:
Procese expansive intracraniene (tumori, hemetom
subdural, intracerebral, infarct extensiv, abcese,
parazitoza)
Infectii (encefalita, meningita)
Leziuni cerebrale traumatice (contuzii, edem cerebral,
hematom intracerebral)
Tulburari ale fluxului LCR (T. intraventriculare,
stenoza de apeduct, hidrocefalie obstructiva)
Cresterea concentratiei LCR (poliradiculonevrita,
tumori spinale schwannoame)
Procese toxice Pb, insecticide
Iatrogene steroizi, contraceptive orale, tetracicline
Boala de altitudine
Hipetensiunea intracraniana benigna (pseudotumor
cerebri)
Sd. Empty sella
Semne oculare: Fundul de ochi: edem papilar,
ocazional hemoragii retiniene, largirea punctului
orb, atacuri de ambliopie, pareze de nv.III si VI
Rx craniu - modificari in HIC cronica: largirea
sella turcica, diastazisul suturilor craniene la
copii si adolescenti
CT/IRM: ventriculi laterali diminuati (edem
cerebral), compresia girilor, hipersemnal
periventricular
EEG: anomalii difuze nespecifice
PL este contraindicata, poate fi efectuata numai
daca neuroimagistica si oftalmoscopia nu au
evidentiat evidente de HIC acuta
Ridicarea capului pacientului la 30
Hiperventilatia
Diuretice osmotice (manitol iv in doze
fractionate, administrate rapid)
Corticosteroizi (edem
Astrocitom cu evolutie benigna (16%):evolutie
lenta, epilepsie 68%,tulb psihice
Astrocitom cu evolutie severa (55%):evolutie
rapida ,tulb psihice,HIC,deficit motor
Oligodendrogliomul evolutie lenta (12ani), crize
epilepsie
Metastazele cerebrale:20%:epi focalizate,pareza
Image coregistration of 18F-FDG PET and MRI. (A) A 45-y-old woman with radiation necrosis. MRI showed a new
contrast-enhancing lesion 4 mo after stereotactic radiosurgery for metastatic breast cancer. 18F-FDG PET
showed mild uptake not higher than background level of adjacent brain tissue. Radiation necrosis was
diagnosed, and MRI lesion regressed during follow-up. (B) A 54-y-old man with recurrent glioblastoma. MRI
showed a new contrast-enhancing lesion. 18F-FDG PET showed moderate uptake lower than that of normal gray
matter but higher than expected background level of adjacent brain tissue and corresponding to abnormal
contrast-enhancing region on MRI. Surgery demonstrated recurrent glioblastoma with Ki-67 of 40%.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is an analytical method
used in chemistry that enables the identification and quantification
of metabolites in samples. It differs from conventional Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) in that spectra provide physiological and
chemical information instead of anatomy.