ORADEA

2013
 Judeul Bihor - Bihor county -
Bihar megye - Romnia

Autori:
Aurel Chiriac (Coordonator)
Ovidiu D. Pop (dtp, layout, foto)

Colaboratori: dr. Rodica Petrea,

dr. Dumitru Sim

Traducere i corectur: Larisa Fofiu,

Ecaterina Haniu, Teleki Enik, Pop
Catalina, Felicia Duma, Mihaela Duma,
Bokor gota

Foto: Andrei Posmoanu, Szilgyi

Lrnd, Doru Sicoe, Groupromo, Sergiu
Aursulesei, Claudiu Szabo, Mihnevici
Cristian, Aranyics Orsolya, Nelu Madu,
Tudor Croitoru, Cristian Davidovici,
Patrick Pop

Imaginile cu Oradea de altdat aparin

fototecii Muzeului rii Criurilor i
coleciei de ilustrate ale dlui Doru Sicoe.

Duran`s
410174- Oradea, Str. Iuliu Maniu nr. 48,
Tel./Fax: 00 4 0359 401 562
www.durans.ro / www.oradea-bihor.ro
http://issuu.com/vertigoro/docs/bihor-
monografie

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Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naionale a

Romniei

POP, OVIDIU
Judeul Bihor / Pop Ovidiu;
coord.: dr. Aurel Chiriac, dr. Rodica Petrea;
cu contribuia: dr. Sim Dumitru.
Ed. a 5-a, rev. - Oradea: Durans, 2013

ISBN 978-973-1903-44-6

I. Chiriac, Aurel (coord.)

II. Petrea, Rodica (coord.)
III. Sim, Dumitru

913(498-35 Bihor)(084)

2

Situarea teritoriului Bihorului n apropi-
erea unor rute comerciale importante pentru
acest col de lume, nc din antichitate, i, apoi,
la confluena unor mari civilizaii ale Occiden-
tului i ale Rsritului Europei din a doua ju-
mtate a mileniului I i-a pus amprenta asupra
evoluiei societii omeneti trind pe aceste
meleaguri. Una din consecinele acestui ultim
statut a fost c dup anul 1000 s-au consacrat
coordonatele care personalizeaz realitatea
uman circumscris arealului administrativ
propriu zonei: pluralismul etnic, confesional i
cultural.
Mrturiile materiale scoase la iveal de
arheologi au demonstrat c daco-geii, care au
format ramura nord-dunrean a tracilor, s-au
impus, n a doua jumtate a mileniului I . Hr.,
ca i populaie autohton n spaiul carpato-
danubiano-pontic, inclusiv n Bihorul de astzi,
dar i c cimerienii, ilyrii, celii, hunii, avarii i
gepizii ntre secolele VI .Hr. i VII/VIII au avut
o contribuie de luat n seam la maturizarea
civilizaiei din aceast parte a Europei Centrale
i de Sud-Est. De la dacii bihoreni au rmas
ceti i tezaure Tad, Sacalasul Nou, u- culte istorice de a se exprima i de a-i consoli-
turogi (secolele I . Hr. I d. Hr.) care atest nu
numai stabilitatea lor n acest areal geografic,
ci i nivelul de dezvoltare atins de statul dac n
epoca clasic.
n timpul existenei Daciei romane (seco-
lele IIIII), dacii liberi, rmai n afara granielor
provinciei romane, au derulat n continuare re-
laii economice i nu numai, cu populaia aces-
tuia. Pentru ca, dup retragerea administraiei
romane, n vremea mpratului Aurelian (271),
o parte dintre colonitii romani s triasc n
continuare alturi de dacii liberi, contribuind la
procesul de romanizare, ce a culminat cu apa-
riia poporului romn spre sfritul mileniului I
(sec. VIII).
Din veacul al VI-lea i pn n cel de-al
IX-lea slavii se vor constitui n populaia cu rol
determinant asupra destinului religios al rom-
nilor, orientai de acum nainte spre relaia cu
biserica Rsritului. Din secolul al X-lea, ungu-
rii, aezai n Cmpia Pannoniei, i vor ndrepta
interesul special spre Bihor i Transilvania de-
opotriv, pe care le vor include treptat Regatu-
lui Ungariei, ntre secolele XI XIII. Rmnerea
acestora n noua realitate politic administra-
tiv va avea drept consecin, pe termen lung,
convieuirea romnilor i maghiarilor, cei dinti
aparinnd cultului ortodox i ceilali celui cato-
lic, ambele rezultate n urma schismei bisericii
cretine, din 1054. Aceast situaie a generat
complexe transformri n istoria regiunii i a
contribuit la afirmarea unei civilizaii specifice,
personalizate prin contribuia fiecrui grup et-
nic ce a trit n acest areal geografic.
Din veacul al XI-lea, Comitatul Bihor a
devenit o unitate administrativ-teritorial n
componena Regatului Ungariei, apoi, din 1567
i pn n 1660, n aceea a Principatului Tran-
silvaniei. Au urmat 32 de ani de apartenen
la Paalcul de Oradea (16601692), iar, de la
sfritul secolului al XVII-lea (1692) la Impe-
riul Habsburgic, respectiv din 1867, la Imperiul
Bile 1 Mai
4
Austro-Ungar. De la 1 decembrie 1918 Bihorul,
devenit jude, este integrat Regatului Romni-
ei, din care va face parte pn la 30 septem-
brie 1940 cnd, prin Dictatul de la Viena, o parte
este redat vechiului stpn,parte care, ns,
va reveni ntre graniele Romniei, de la 12 oc-
tombrie 1944. n toat aceast lung perioad
de istorie, romnii i maghiarii vor fi naionali-
tile stabile i principale ca numr, n ordinea
menionat. Este, ns, tot att de adevrat c
pentru o durat mai lung sau mai scurt de
timp se vor regsi aici i alte naionaliti ita-
lieni, turci, germani, evrei, slovaci, ruteni, srbi,
polonezi, rromi etc. care au avut un rol semni-
ficativ n progresul economic i cultural-artistic
al Bihorului.
ntemeierea, mai nti, a Capitlului ro-
mano-catolic i, la sfritul veacului al XI-lea,
de ctre Ladislau I, regele Ungariei, a Episco-
piei romano-catolice de Oradea, a determinat
decderea Bihariei ducelui Menumorut - dup
ce mai multe secole aceasta a deinut o poziie
primordial n vestul Romniei (sec. VIII X), din
calitatea de centru politic i religios al prii de
vest, incluse voievodatului n fruntea cruia se
afla. Datorit noului stpn feudal, relaiile cu
Apusul se vor intensifica, iar cele cu Rsritul
vor fi tot mai greu de ntreinut de ctre orto-
doci, ca urmare a unor msuri restrictive im-
puse de noua putere. Dar, dincolo de oprelitile
impuse de autoritile dominante, complexele
monastice, lcaurile de cult, aezrile rurale
i cele urbane existente n evul mediu central
i sud-est european confirm fora celor dou
lare de strveche origine sunt respectate cu
da individualitatea etnic i confesional.
Pe plan artistic, regsirea stilurilor bi-
zantin, romanic, gotic, renascentist, baroc i,
mai aproape de vremurile noastre, secession,
neoromnesc, n regiune, confirm dinamis-
mul unei societi care i-a manifestat mereu
orgoliul de a fi n pas cu vremurile. Ansamblul
de cult ortodox de la Voivozi (secolele XII-XIV),
datorat unor meteri locali, catedralele roma-
nic i gotic ale Episcopiei romano-catolice
din Oradea (secolele XII-XVI), donjoanele ro-
manice de la Cheresig, Adrian (secolul XIII),
lcaurile de cult romanice i gotice din Bihor
ridicate ntre secolele XII-XVI (Abram, Tmada,
Parhida, Tileagd etc.), Cetatea Oradiei, un reper
al renaterii transilvane i chiar dintr-un areal
geografic mai larg (secolele XVIXVII), bisericile
de zid ortodoxe de la Seghite (secolul al XV-
lea), aceasta perpetund un plan ncununat cu o
absid definitorie Rsritului, i Tinud (secolul
al XVII-lea), de plan triconc, ambele reprezen-
tative pentru arhitectura de cult romneasc
medieval, lcaurile de cult aparintoare ba-
rocului din Oradea, Beiu, Salonta, Aled etc.,
romano-catolice, ortodoxe, reformate (secolul
XVIII), edificiile destinate instituiilor publice,
neoclasice i eclectice (secolul XIX), construc-
iile aparintoare curentului secession, de
la nceputul veacului XX, care dau un farmec
aparte centrului Oradiei i ale unor orae pre-
cum Salonta, Aled, Valea lui Mihai, Marghita,
edificiile neoromneti din anii interbelici, co-
lare i civile, alturi de bisericile de zid neobi-
zantine realizate n acelai rstimp la Oradea,
Beiu, Aled, Tilecu, Tinca, Holod, sunt doar
cteva pilde care conving asupra permanenei
dialogului nfiripat ntre civilizaiile Apusului i
Rsritului n acest teritoriu, ntr-o durat lung ponenta macedoromn, maghiarii, germanii,
de timp, precum i asupra importanei valorilor
datorate acestora.
Pe parcursul mileniului al II-lea Bihorul,
cu oraele, trgurile i satele sale, a devenit o
Bile Felix
realitate teritorial unde, pe de o parte, comu-
nitile circumscrise acesteia s-au strduit s
i pstreze tradiiile specifice, transmise de la
o generaie la alta, iar, pe de alt parte, au ur-
mrit s fie n pas cu realizrile cultural-artisti-
ce i nu numai, asigurndu-i n acest fel ansa
progresului. Aa s-a ajuns ca n secolul al XV-
lea aici s fie un observator astronomic i ca fi-
zicianul Georg Puerbach sa calculeze eclipsele
de soare i lun pe baza aa numitelor Tabulae
Varadiensis. Oradea a reuit s se impun ca o
urbe de seam a umanismului central i sud-
est european, datorit unor episcopi romano-
catolici erudii (Andrea Scolari, Jnos Vitz de
Zredna etc.); s promoveze o coal capitular
romano-catolic de renume n regiune, unde au
studiat Nicolae Olahus, ajuns apoi arhiepiscop
al Ungariei, dar i Ianus Pannonius; s ridice, n
perioada cnd principii reformai ai Transilvani-
ei au controlat oraul, Cetatea Oradiei, unul din
monumentele de arhitectur pilduitoare pentru
renaterea din aceast parte a Europei. Aces-
tora din urm se datoreaz i nfiinarea unei
tipografii (1565) care a funcionat mult timp aici,
precum i a unei coli superioare de tiine
umane (secolul XVII). n acelai timp, n Bihor,
biserica din lemn - remarcabil prin armonia
proporiilor, decorul sculptat i pictura interi-
oar de factur ortodox - devine emblemati-
c pentru lumea romneasc, circulaia crii
vechi tiprite la Iai, Bucureti, Trgovite, Bra-
ov, Ortie, Alba Iulia etc. se transform ntr-
un fenomen firesc, care va atinge o amploare
unic n secolul al XVIII-lea, obiceiurile popu-
strictee, contribuind la consolidarea contiin-
ei de neam. Toate acestea relev profunzimea
efortului autohtonilor i al populaiilor alogene
trind n zon i certific asupra contribuiei
acestora la conturarea personalitii civilizaiei
Europei, n general.
Trgurile Bihorului medieval au coagulat
o activitate economicocomercial de mare
dinamism i diversitate. Celebritatea trgului
anual al Oradiei, unde ajungeau produse prove-
nite din Europa, Asia, Orient, dar i ale bresle-
lor urbei, va fi benefic pentru ntreg Bihorul,
tiut fiind c populaia rural a fost motivat,
astfel, n a dezvolta economii complementare
ocupaiilor principale, agricultura i creterea
animalelor. La rndul lor, trgurile Beiuului,
Aledului, Salontei, Marghitei, Tileagdului, Ce-
fei, etc. s-au impus i au rmas n timp piee de
desfacere, att pentru marfa oferit de breslaii
ordeni, ct i pentru cea datorat satelor cu
meteugari specializai de aici, care vor cu-
noate ns o remarcabil afirmare n lumea
romneasc din depresiunea Beiuului ntre
secolele XVIIXX, cnd fierarii, lemnarii, olarii,
sptrii, sumnrii, tbcarii vor fi cu prioritate
apreciai pentru realizrile lor.
Pentru comunitatea omeneasc din Bi-
hor, epoca cuprins ntre 16921918 s-a dovedit
a fi decisiv din punctul de vedere al promovrii
modernitii pe plan economic, socialpolitic,
confesional, urbanistic i cultural-artistic. Cur-
tea de la Viena, prin aplicarea reformelor cu-
rentului iluminist austriac, a cutat s consacre
o formul de via ndestultoare pentru traiul
cotidian i s asigure un cadru oficial de expri-
mare a drepturilor specifice fiecrei naionali-
ti din Imperiul Habsburgic. Romnii, cu com-
evreii, slovacii, rutenii, srbii etc., datorit po-
liticii mprailor luminai austrieci, au obinut
rezultate semnificative n afirmarea iniiativelor
economice private, a individualitii etnice i n
Stna de Vale
trecerea de la o mentalitate de tip medieval la Munteanu, Alexandru Cmeciu, Nicolae Oncu, saloane de art la care au participat plasticieni
una modern, singura n msur s ofere an- Alexandru Roman, Emanuil Gojdu, Nicolae Jiga romni i maghiari din Oradea, Beiu etc. Nu
sa maturizrii contiinei naionale. sau Arany Jnos, Mrki Sndor, Rmer Flris, mai puin important a fost meninerea, nc o
Episcopi importani, din secolele al XVIII- Bunyitay Vincze, Karcsonyi Jnos etc.); cnd, vreme, a Facultii de Drept, pn n 1936, cnd
lea i al XIX-lea au readus Oradea i Bihorul n n anii de trecere dintre secolele XIX-XX Iosif se transfer la Cluj, dup aproape un veac i
rndul regiunilor dinamice din punctul de ve- Vulcan, creatorul revistei Familia, i Ady En- jumtate de existen n Oradea. Firesc, la fina-
dere al vieii spirituale. Ignatie Drbant, Sa- dre, unul dintre iniiatorii revistei A Holnap, lizarea celor propuse n epoc, un rol de seam
muil Vulcan, romni greco-catolici Csky Imre, vor deveni exemple, pe de o parte, ale iubirii l-au avut numeroi intelectuali de ras ai Biho-
Patachich Adam, romano-catolici, au avut un fa de naiunea creia le aparin, iar, pe de alt rului (Teodor Ne, George Bacaloglu, Nicolae
rol de luat n seam pe acest plan, repunnd parte, ale dorinei de a colabora pe plan cul- Firu, Francisc Hubic, M.G. Samarineanu, Geor-
cartea i coala n drepturi. La fel membrii Con- tural n ciuda unor legi restrictive n domeniul ge A. Petre, Petru E. Papp, Constantin Pavel,
sistoriului ortodox din Oradea, de la 1792 nce- limbii i al instruciei. Angela Selegian-Buteanu, Vioara Ignat Ciorda,
pnd, a militat pentru coala proprie i pentru Modernitate nseamn n Bihor i trece- Ioan Buiia, Niculi Pop, Nicolae Irimie, Fehr
emanciparea cultural a propriilor enoriai. rea, n a doua jumtate a secolului al XIX-lea, Dezs, Tabry Gza, Andrssy Ede, Rte Sn-
Fr ndoial, prin implicarea reprezen- spre industria de fabric, chiar dac micii me- dor, Kirly Jzsef, Trk Gyula, Szkely rmin,
tanilor bisericilor ortodoxe, greco-catolice, seriai sunt n continuare numeroi, introdu- Farag Dezs, Macalik Alfrd, Tibor Ern, Ba-
aceasta din urm creat la nceputul veacului al cerea treptat a mijloacelor de comunicaie logh Istvn, Leon Alex, Romn Pll etc.), ce au
XVIII-lea, romano-catolice, reformate, mozaice, (ci ferate, pot, telegraf, telefon), serviciilor consacrat un climat de efervescen spiritual
respectiv a celor ce au susinut ideile iluministe, publice (spital) i de siguran public (poliia, exemplar.
fie ei romni, maghiari sau de alte etnii Petru pompierii). Apoi, apariia unui numr mare de La sfritul anilor interbelici, cnd s-au
Maior, Gheorghe incai, Samuil Micu, Ioan Cor- asociaii, societi i fundaii cu scop caritabil, acutizat conflictele politice ce au stat la baza
neli, Ignatie Darabant, Samuil Vulcan sau Pray cultural i de asisten social, reprezentnd declanrii celei de-a doua conflagraii mondi-
Gyrgy, Katona Istvn, Granoczy Antal etc. i n fie interesele etniei proprii, fie ale comunitii. ale, a avut loc impunerea Dictatului de la Vie-
Bihor s-a reuit un salt spectaculos n ceea ce Nu este mai puin adevrat c mutaiile na (19401944), n urma cruia Bihorul este
privete modernizarea mecanismelor de func- relevate deja s-au produs ntr-o etap istoric mprit, o parte revenind Regatului Ungariei,
ionare a vieii sociale, economice, confesiona- n care naionalitile din Imperiu i fac publice inclusiv Oradea. Zona rmas n Romnia i-a
le, culturale i, n egal msur a concepiei de documentele programatice certificnd dreptul avut centrul la Beiu, de unde s-au aprat in-
dezvoltare urbanistic a aezrilor n general. de a fi a fiecruia nc de la la sfritul vea- teresele statului romn. n teritoriul ocupat au
Totodat, este de remarcat climatul de efer- cului al XVIII-lea, cum a fost Supplex Libellus urmat peste patru ani ce au marcat dramatic
vescen nemaintlnit pn atunci n domeniul Valachorum,pentru romni, n care sunt adu- existena unei pri dintre membrii societii
instruciei primare, gimnaziale i superioare se n atenie argumente de la care pornind pot civile, a romnilor i evreilor n mod special,
acum, spre exemplu, se pun bazele Academiei emite sperane cu privire la mplinirea dorine- pentru ca n timpul evenimentelor militare din
Regale (1780), cu specializrile filozofie i, apoi, lor acestora; cnd s-au derulat revoluiile de la toamna anului 1944, s fie afectate toate gru-
drept (1788), iar la 1828 a Gimnaziului greco- 1848-1849, avnd scopuri distincte pentru ro- purile etnice aflate n calea frontului (romni,
catolic de biei din Beiu, important pentru mnii i maghiarii ardeleni, cnd s-au intensifi- maghiari, evrei, rromi etc.).
destinul romnilor din Bihor i nu numai - n cat micrile naionale din recent creatul Impe- ncepnd cu 12 octombrie 1944 Bihorul
cazul colilor primare i gimnaziale limbile de riu Austro-Ungar (1867) la sfritul secolului s-a rentregit, datorit ofensivei victorioase a
predare sunt specifice fiecrei naionaliti, ti- al XIX-lea i nceputul celui de al XX-lea - care armatelor romne i sovietice. Anii care au ur-
pririi de cri maghiare, germane i romne, au pus n discuie inclusiv regndirea granielor mat s-au distins prin insinuarea n structurile
vieii muzicale s nu uitm c la Oradea au Europei Centrale. de conducere ale rii a reprezentanilor comu-
dirijat corul catedralei romano-catolice stat Mi- Sfritul primului rzboi mondial aduce nitilor, care au construit scenariul de abdicare
chael Haydn i Ditter von Dittersdorf - i, nu n cu sine apariia Romniei Mari, alturi de Ce- forat a regelui Mihai I, la 30 decembrie 1947.
ultimul rnd, arhitectonice i arhitecturale. hoslovacia, Serbia, etc, cea dinti proclamat la Judeul Bihor, cu oraele (Oradea, Salonta,
Un impact deosebit asupra modului de 1 Decembrie 1918, la Alba Iulia, eveniment la Marghita, Beiu, Dr. Petru Groza - tei, Nucet,
existen, n general, asupra cadrului construit care au luat parte i romnii bihoreni, cu dele- Vacu) i cele 448 de aezri rurale (86 co-
n special, l-a avut programul de sistematizare gaia cea mai numeroas. ncepnd din 20 apri- mune i 362 sate), respectiv oamenii locului au
a aezrilor rurale i urbane promovat n ntreg lie 1919, data intrrii armatei regale conduse aflat, treptat, ce nseamn controlul instaurat
Imperiul. Tragerea la linie (17721774) a afec- de generalul Traian Mooiu n Oradea, romnii, de partidul unic asupra existenei de zi cu zi,
tat majoritatea satelor Bihorului, aducnd mo- maghiarii, evreii, slovacii, germanii, srbii, rute- asupra vieii economice, sociale, politice, religi-
dificri de esen n ceea ce privete habitatul nii, rromii etc. din judeul Bihor vor fi implicai oase i culturale n general, precum i anula-
tradiional de pn atunci, dominat de aezrile n procesul de integrare n Regatul Romniei, rea, de ctre ideologii comunismului, a ierarhiei
de tip risipit, i a consacrat controlul statului pe plan politic, social, religios, economic, finan- valorilor. Totodat s-a promovat o politic de a
asupra activitilor productive, n vederea im- ciar, industrial, agricol, urbanistic i cultural- rezolva problema locuinelor, prin impunerea
pozitrii acestora. Un alt efect al sistematizrii artistic. n acelai timp, se creeaz Episcopia unor construcii tipizate i a altora ce trebuiau
rurale a fost ctitorirea, n secolele respective, ortodox a Bihorului, dup veacuri de ateptri, s rmn emblematice pentru epoc, s-a pus
de noi lcauri de cult, care s-au alturat celor i se reorganizeaz Episcopia greco-catolic a accentul pe crearea unor platforme industria-
existente sau refcute deja. n cazul lumii ro- Bihorului, Episcopia romano-catolic de Ora- le mamut, dar s-au i creat la Oradea instituii
mneti au fost vizitate bisericile de lemn, pic- dea, Episcopia reformat de Piatra Craiului i culturale profesioniste i un institut pedago-
tate de zugravi romni localnici sau venii din Biserica baptist, romn i maghiar,dar apa- gic, devenit dup 1989 una din cele mai mari
rile romne, cum a fost cazul lui David Zugra- re i biserica penticostal, astfel c Oradea i universiti ale Romniei.
vu de la Curtea de Arge. consolideaz statutul model, valabil i astzi Revoluia declanat la 22 decembrie
n acelai timp, Oradea i trgurile pros- din perspectiva realitii multiconfesionale. 1989 a pus capt unei ere ce s-a dovedit a fi
pere din Bihor (Beiu, Salonta, Aled, Marghita, Este tiut faptul c anii interbelici s-au ostil omului i drepturilor fundamentale ale
Tileagd, Ceica, Tinca, Valea lui Mihai) ncep, n- detaat prin prosperitate economic, n ciuda acestuia. Eliberarea energiilor interioare, n-
tre secolele al XVIII-lea i prima jumtate a celui marii crize financiare care s-a fcut simit i ctuate pn atunci, a stat la baza iniiativelor
de al XX-lea, s i desvreasc planurile ur- n regiune, la care au contribuit toate grupurile private i la afirmarea a numeroase persona-
banistice, prin conturarea centrelor i prin m- etnice trind n Bihor. Romnii au militat, ca de liti creatoare n toate domeniile de activitate.
bogirea zestrei de cldiri cu destinaie insti- altfel i conlocuitorii acestora, s i promove- Dei, tranziia prelungit a generat stri de in-
tuional, social, cultural i de locuine. Este ze tradiiile prin unor asociaii, reviste ce aveau certitudine i n Bihor, la toate nivele de mani-
rstimpul cnd, de pild, Oradea i definitivea- un program n acest sens, iar, pe de alt parte, festare ale societii locului, totui au fost de-
z trama stradal principal i cnd i dobn- pentru a constitui instituii de sine stttoare, de pite situaiile de criz, reuind s se menin
dete o personalitate aparte, datorit stilului stat i nu numai, n domeniul teatrului, datorit linitea. De altfel, Bihorul multietnic, multicon-
secession n arhitectur, ptruns la cumpna crora au avut loc spectacole n limba romn fesional i multicultural a demonstrat, prin oa-
dintre mileniile II i III, cnd oamenii locului i i maghiar; muzicii - concertele marelui Geor- menii si, ct de important este s trieti n
vor promova, n a doua jumtate a secolului al ge Enescu s-au organizat periodic aici - muzee- respectul celuilalt i ct de important este s
XIX-lea, interesele culturii crora le aparin prin lor, insistndu-se mai cu seam pe dezvoltarea i respeci istoria trecut i prezent, proprie i
remarcabile personaliti ale perioadei (Ioan sectorului etnografic, dar i prin iniierea unor comun, deopotriv.

Dr. Aurel CHIRIAC

Salonta Beiu Valea lui Mihai

5

The position of the Bihor area on the
main trade routes of this part of the world,
from Antiquity and later at the meeting
point of two great civilizations Western
and Eastern Europe in the 1st Millennium,
lead to the development of local society. One
of the consequences of this latest condition
was that at the end of this historical period
the specific characteristics that define the
Bihor community were revealed: ethnical,
religious and cultural pluralism.
The archeological discoveries attes-
ted that the Dac-Gets, the north-Danubian
branch of the Traks, were the leading popu-
lation in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontical
area, by their number, in the second half
of the 1st century b.c. Beside this popula-
tion others were also present in this area:
the Cymerians, Illyrs, Celts, Huns, Avars
and Gepids between VI b.c. and VII/VIII ,
who significantly contributed to the matura-
tion of the Central and South-Eastern Eu-
ropean civilization. On the other hand, from
the Dacs from Bihor we have fortress ruins
and treasure left, in Tad, Sacalasul Nou,
uturogi (I b.c. I) , proving not only their
establishment in the geographical area, but
also the development level of the dac village
in the classical era.
During the time of the Roman Dacia
(IIIII), the free Dacs remained outside the
borderlines of the antique state continuing
their economical relations with the roman
province. After the remission of the Ro-
mans, during the Aurelianus Empire (271),
part of the roman colonials continued living
together with the free Dacs, having their
contribution to the Romanization process
of the Dacs and so towards the formation of
the Romanian population.
From the VIth century until the IXth
the Slavic population will have the greatest,
decision role to the religious destiny of the
Romanians, definitively orientating them
towards the Oriental Church. From the Xth
century the Hungarians, who settled down
in the Pannon plateau will orientate their
interest towards Bihor and Transylvania,
and step by step they include them to the
Hungarian Kingdom between XIXIII. Their
perseverance in the Carpathian territory of
todays Romania will be followed in time by
the cohabitation of Romanians and Hun-
garians, the first ones having Orthodox re-
ligion, and the other being Catholics, both
resulted by the Christian churchs schism
in 1054. This situation generated complete
transformations in the history of this region,
contributing to the affirmation of a specific
civilization, very personalized due to the
contribution of each nationality who were
living in this geographical area.
From the XIth, Bihor shire became an
administrative unit belonging to the Hun-
garian Kingdom, later on, between 1567
Scueni
6
and 1660 it belonged to the Transylvanian
Principates. 32 years of belonging to the
Oradea Pasalik (16601692) followed, and
then from the end of the XVIIth it became part
of the Habsburg Empire, from 1867 part of
the Austro-Hungarian Empire. At the 1st of
December 1918 Bihor became a county and
its tied to the Romanian Kingdom, belong-
ing there until the 30th of September 1940
when, by the Vienna Treaty, part of Bihor
County is given back to the old master for
a short while; and its going to belong within
the Romanian borders again from 1944, Oc-
tober the 12th. All this long history period
Romanians and Hungarians will be the ba-
sic nationalities by number, in the men-
tioned order. It has to be mentioned that for
different periods of time there will be other
nationalities as well in Bihor, as Italians,
Turks, Germans, Jews, Slovaks, Rutens,
Serbs, Polish, and Gypsies etc. who will have
important role in the economical and cultural
development of Bihor.
After holding the leading position in
politics and religion in Western Romania (VIII
X), due to the establishment of the Roman-
Catholic Capitle (shrine) first and later, the
establishment of the Roman Catholic Bisho-
pric of Oradea by I. Lszl King of Hungary at
the end of the XIth Century, lead to the decline
of Biharia to the duke of Menumorut. Due to
the new feudal principal, the relationships
with the West will be enforced, but relations
with the Oriental world will be less by the day,
the Orthodox are going to be unable to keep
their relations because of restrictions from
the authority. Far beyond the threats from the
authorities the existing medieval monastic
centers, churches, villages and towns from
Central and South-Eastern Europe confirm
the force of the two historical cults in order
to express themselves and to enforce their
ethnical and confessional individuality.
Artistically, the presence of Byzan-
tine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance,
Baroque and later on the Secession, Neo-
Roman styles in the area proves the dyna-
mism of a society which manifested its pride
to be modern. Here we mention the church
complex from Voivozi (XII-XIV), which is hand
made by local craftsmen, the Romanesque
and Gothic cathedrals of the Roman Catho-
lic Bishopric from Oradea (XII-XVI), the Ro-
manesque dungeons from Cheresig and
Adrian (XIII), the Romanesque and Gothic
church from Bihor from the XII-XVIth Centu-
ry (Parhida, Tileagd etc.), Oradea Fortress,
an example of the Transylvanian (and even
larger area) Renaissance (XVIXVII), the
Orthodox stone churches from Seghiste
(XV), developing a characteristic nave of the
Orient, as well as the one from Tinud, ex-
ample of the medieval Romanian churchs
nave (XVII), Baroque churches from Oradea,
Beiu, Salonta, Aled etc., Roman-Catholic,
Orthodox, Reformed Churches (XVIII), Neo-
classical and Eclectical institution buildings
(XIX), Secession buildings from the begin-
ning of the XXth, giving a special atmosphere
to the center of Oradea and other towns as
well: Salonta, Aled, Valea lui Mihai, Margh-
ita, Neo-Roman buildings from between the
two world wars, Neo-Byzantine churches
from Oradea, Beiu, Aled, Tilecu, Tinca,
Holod, are only some of the examples of the
Marghita
permanent dialogue between the Occiden-
tal and Oriental civilization on these lands,
which lasted for a longer period of time, and
also examples of the importance of the exis-
ting common values.
Along the IInd millennium, Bihor coun-
ty, together with its towns, markets and vil-
lages became a territorial reality where the
surrounded communities kept their specific
traditions, on the other hand they proved
that it is eager to catch up with latest cul-
tural and other different currents in order to
complete its development and progress. For
example, due to a number of illuminated
Roman-Catholic bishops such as Andrea
Scolari, Jnos Vitz de Zredna etc., An in-
teresting detail that asserts the towns impor-
tance is related to the person of the astronomer
Georg Peuerbach who in the middle of the 15th
century held that the 0 meridian passed right
through Oradea. The fortress hosted a working
astronomic observer from which sun and moon
eclipses were calculated (Tabulae Varadiensis).
Oradea came to attest its importance
as a humanist center in Central and South-
Eastern Europe, to promote a capitulary Ro-
man Catholic school for the region, due to
the Reformed principals of Transylvania to
build the fortress of Oradea, which is one of
the remarkable architectural monuments
from the Renaissance period of Europe.
Thanks to them a functional typography
was founded here in 1565 and a humanist
College as well in the XVIIth Century. In the
same time, the wooden church from Bihor,
with is harmonious proportions, carved in-
terior and Orthodox mural painting became
an emblem for the Romanian society. The
circulation of the printed old books from
Iasi, Bucureti, Trgovite, Braov, Ortie,
Alba Iulia etc. turns into a constant, assur-
ing the development of this phenomenon
into a unique extension in the XVIIIth. The
ancient traditions are strictly kept, contribu-
ting to the national identity consciousness.
All these facts show us the value of the ef-
forts of the local population and their share
to the general personalization of Europe.
Markets in the medieval Bihor have
been developing an economical-trade ac-
tivity with high dynamism and diversity. The
celebrity of the yearly market in Oradea
brought commerciant with goods from Eu-
rope, Asia and Far East but also from the
local craftsmen, which was a blessing for
Bihor region. The population developed ad-
ditional occupation beside the basic ones
(agriculture and animalfarm). Markets from
Beiu, Aled, Salonta, Marghita, Tileagd,
Cefa etc. functioned and persevered as re-
tail markets both for craftsmen from Oradea
and from the villages. Due to this trade ac-
tivity the local craftwork came to a strong
development in the Romanian world from
the Beius Basin between XVIIXX, when the
forgers, timbers, potters, furriers etc. will
be appreciated for their work.
For Bihor society the 16921918 period
was crucial for the modern thinking in eco-
nomics, social-politics, religious, urbanistic
and cultural life. The court from Vienna, by
the engagement of the Austrian illuminist
reforms searched to assure an average
welfare and life style and also an official
frame for expression for each nationality
Vacu
from the Habsburg Empire. In this situation
the Romanians, with their Macedonian com-
ponent, the Hungarians, Germans, Jews,
Slovaks, Rutens and Serbs, due to the illu-
minist policies obtained major results in the
affirmation of their ethnical individualities
and in the changing of medieval mentalities
into modern ones. This was the only meas-
ure which could offer the chance of matura-
tion of the national conscience.
There is no doubt, by a strong co-
operation between the Roman Catholic,
Orthodox and Greek Catholic church (cre-
ated at the beginning of the XVIIIth century),
Reformed, Mosaic church together with the
Romanian, Hungarian and other illuminist
thinkers as well Petru Maior, Gheorghe
incai, Samuil Micu, Ioan Corneli, Ignaetie
Darabant, Samuil Vulcan or Pray Gyrgy,
Katona Istvn, Granoczy Antal etc.-, Bihor
could realize a spectacular development in
societys welfare, economical, religious, cul-
tural and also urbanistical strategy-thinking
mechanisms. We have to underline the re-
markable teaching activity of the time, pri-
mary, secondary and postgraduate teaching
for all ethnicities in their mother tongue,
the printing of books in Hungarian, German
and Romanian languages. During this time
were established the Royal Academy (1780)
with specialization in Philosophy and Law
on a later stage, the Greek-Catholic Boy
Gymnasium in Beius in 1828 - important
establishments for the Romanians destiny
from Bihor and other areas. Also has to be
mentioned the musical and arts activity, as
Michael Haydn and Ditter von Dittersdorf
visited and stayed in Oradea.
A special effect over the general life-
style from the area and especially over
the built heritage had the systematization
program of rural and urban settlements,
promoted all over the Empire during 1772
1774. The Tracking affected most of the
villages from Bihor, bringing major changes
in the traditional habitat from that time (be-
ing dominated by spread settlements so
far) and bringing state control over pro-
duction, in order to introduce taxation. The
other effect of rural systematisation was
the building and restauration of numerous
cult buildings, enriching the existing ones.
Most of them are wooden churches, having
extraordinary aesthetic quality, painted by
local Romanian painters or other from the
Romanian Lands, such as David Zugravu
from Curtea de Arges.
In the same time Oradea and the pros-
pering markets from Bihor (Beiu, Salonta,
Aled, Marghita, Tileagd, Ceica, Tinca, Valea
lui Mihai) began to complete their urbanisti-
cal project, between the end of the XVIII and
beginning of the XXth century. They reorgan-
ize the downtown area of each city, build new
buildings with public, social, cultural and
inhabiting destination. It is the time when
Oradea finshes its street-screen, defining
its personality due to the secessionist build-
ings in architecture at the turning point be-
tween the two milleniums, when remark-
able personalities of the time promote the
general weal of culture (Ioan Munteanu,
Alexandru Cmeciu, Nicolae Oncu, Alexan-
dru Roman, Emanuil Gojdu, Nicolae Jiga or
Arany Jnos, Mrki Sndor, Rmer Flris, Oradea and Beius. It was also very impor-
Balc
Bunyitay Vincze, Karcsonyi Jnos etc.). At
the meeting point of the XIXth and XXth cen-
tury Iosif Vulcan, the founder of Familia
paper and Ady Endre, cofounder of A Hol-
nap paper (tomorrow, H.) will be examples
of both nationalist expressivity and will of
cultural cooperation.
Modernization in Bihor is also the in-
dustrialization from the middle of the XIX
th century, even if the craftsmen are still in
big number on the market. The introduc-
tion of communication channels (railway,
post, telegraph, telephone), public services
(hospital) and public security (police, fire
brigades), the rising of a number of associa-
tions, societies and foundations dealing with
various goals (charity, culture, social assist-
ance, ethnical, communitary) are also basic
parts of development and progress.
The changes came in moments when
the different nationalities from the Impe-
ria publish their programs (from the fall of
the XVIIIth Century, such as Supplex Libellus
Valachorum), including hopeful arguments,
like during the 1848-49 revolution, when the
Romanians and Hungarians from Transyl-
vania have had separate goals, or when the
national movements of the newly created
Austro-Hungarian Empire (1867) firmed
(XIX-XX), driving to the rethinking of border-
lines in Central Europe.
The end of the First World War brings
the appearance of Great Romania, pro-
claimed in 1918 December 1st in Alba Iulia,
where Romanians from Bihor also took part,
with the biggest number as presence. From
the 20th of April 1919, the day when the Roy-
al Army of the Romanian Kingdom entered
Oradea with general Traian Mooiu in front,
Romanians, Hungarians, Jews, Slovaks,
Germans, Serbs, Rutens, Gypsies etc from
the newly created Bihor county will be part
of the political, social, religious, economical,
financial, industrial, agricultural, urbanisti-
cal and cultural integration program into
the Romanian Kingdom. In the same time it
is founded the Greek-Catholic Bishopric of
Oradea, the Orthodox Bishopric of Oradea,
the Roman-Catholic Bishopric of Oradea,
the reformed Bishopric of Piatra Craiu-
lui, the Baptised Romanian and Hungarian
Church, and the Pentecostal church, so that
leads to Oradea municipal city consolidation
as it is today as well a model in the multi-
confessional realitys perspective. A remark-
able contribution to this process has been
brought by bishops, as Roman Ciorogariu,
Demetrie Radu and Sulyok Istvn.
It is well known that Bihor, between
the two world wars showed economical
prosperity although the great financial cri-
sis. Especially the efforts of the Romanians
contributed to the cultural preservation of
heritage with the help of small associations
and magazines and also by creating inde-
pendent and state-owned institutions as
the theatre, where Romanian and Hungar-
ian shows were presented, music and con-
certs as well. From time to time there were
organized concerts with the great George
Enescu. Museums, specially ethnographic
exhibitions and artistic shows were organ-
ized in this period, with the participation
of Romanian and Hungarian artists from
Diosig
tant the sustainance of the Law Faculty until
1936, when it is moving to Cluj after almost
150 years of existence in Oradea and Bihor.
Of course, fulfilling the goals of the age
by the most important personalities of the
time (Teodor Ne, George Bacaloglu, Nico-
lae Firu, Francisc Hubic, M.G. Samarineanu,
George A. Petre, Petru E. Papp, Constantin
Pavel, Angela Selegian-Buteanu, Vioara
Ignat Ciorda, Ioan Buiia, Niculi Pop,
Nicolae Irimie, Fehr Dezs, Tabry Gza,
Andrssy Ede, Rte Sndor, Kirly Jzsef,
Trk Gyula, Szkely Armin, Farag Dezs,
Macalik Alfrd, Tibor Ern, Balogh Istvn,
Leon Alex, Romn Pl etc.) lead to a spir-
itual effervescence in this area.
Right before the Second World War
when the political conflicts have strength-
ened, as a result of the imposition of Vienna
treaty (19401944), Bihor is shared; part of it
comes back to the Hungarian Kingdom, in-
cluding Oradea. The part which remained in
Romania had its center in Beius, in order to
protect the interests of the Romanian state.
In the occupied territories along a period
of four years the war events affected dra-
matically part of the civil society, espe-
cially the Romanians and Jews, then after
the fall of 1944 brought tragedy to ethnicities
affected by the frontline, Hungarians as well.
In 1944, October the 12th Bihor has
been reintegrated due to the victory of the
Romanian and soviet army. The following
years were under the sign of communism,
their representatives followed to enter the
states conducting system, until they forced
the king of Romania, Mihai I for abdication on
the 30th of December 1947. Bihor county, its
towns (Oradea, Salonta, Marghita, Beiu, Dr.
Petru Groza - tei, Nucet, Vacu) and 448
villages (86 communes 362 boonies), with
all the people living there found out, step by
step what is the meaning of a central, unique,
state partys control system in everyday life,
economy, social, political, religious and cul-
tural issues and also what is the cancellation
of any value by the communist ideology. In
the meanwhile a living area-systematization
policy was promoted in order to resolve the
living area for people, by ready-made block-
houses and emblematic buildings. In archi-
tecture the importance came to build huge
industrial plateaus, but also professional cul-
tural institutions and a pedagogical institute,
which became one of the biggest universities
of the country after 1989.
The revolution from 1989, December 22
ended a hostile era which neglected human
rights. The liberation of inner energies was
at the base of private initiatives and affirma-
tion of numerous creative personalities in
every domain. Although the long transition
period generated insecurity in Bihor, too, at
each levels of society, the crisis situations
in economy, social life, religion and cul-
ture have been managed in peace so far. In
fact, in a multiethnic, multiconfesional and
multicultural Bihor the people proved how
important is to live with the respect of each
other.
Dr. Aurel CHIRIAC
Voivozi
7

Az itt l kzssg fejldst jelents
mrtkben befolysolta, hogy a bihari tr-
sget feltehetleg mr az korban fontos
kereskedelmi utak kereszteztk, s hogy az
idk folyamn kt nagy civilizci: a nyugat-
s kelet-eurpai kultra metszspontjban
fekdt, mr az els vezredben. A civiliz-
cik kzti klcsnhats trtnelmi kvet-
kezmnyei a mai napig fellelhetek Bihar
nemzetisgi, vallsi s kulturlis sokszn-
sgben.
A rgszek ltal feltrt trgyi bizony-
tkok alapjn tudjuk, hogy a gta-dkok, a
trkok szak-dunai leszrmazottai mr a
Krisztus eltti els vezred msodik fe-
lben jelen voltak ezen a fldn csak gy,
mint az egsz Krpt-medencben. A lele-
tek igazoljk, hogy az idszmtsunk eltti
6. szzadtl kezdden az idszmtsunk
utni 8. szzadig az illrek, keltk, hunok,
avarok s a gepidk jelents mrtkben jrul-
tak hozz ezen vidk, illetve az egsz Kzp-
s Keletkzp-Eurpa trsadalmnak ala-
kulshoz. A bihari dkoktl Tasdfn,
jssteleken, Sitervlgyben az i.e. I. sz-
zadbl fennmaradt kincsek s vrak igazol-
jk a dk llam kori fejlettsgi szintjt.
A rmai kori Dcia idejn (I.-II. szzad)
az jonnan keletkezett hatrvonalakon k-
vl esett szabad dkok folytattk a rmai
birodalommal ltrejtt gazdasgi kapcso-
latok polst. 271-tl, Aurelianus csszr
uralkodsa idejn a rmai adminisztrci-
t kivontk Dcibl, de a rmai hdtk
egy rsze a terleten maradt, egytt lt a
szabad dkokkal, s gy hozzjrult azok
elrmaiasodshoz, illetve a ksbbiekben
a romn np kialakulshoz.
A VI. szzadtl kezdve a IX. szzadig
a szlv npcsoportnak volt meghatroz
szerepe a romn np vallsi fejldsben, a
Keleti Egyhz fel irnytva azt. A X. szzad-
tl a Pannon sksgon letelepedett magya-
rok rdekldse kiterjedt Bihar vidkre
s Erdly terletre is, amit aztn a XI.-XIII.
szzadokban fokozatosan a Magyar Kirly-
sg terlethez csatoltak. A magyarok le-
telepedse a jelenlegi Romnia Krptok
hatrolta terletn az 1054-es egyhzsza-
kads kvetkeztben grg-keletiv lett
romnok s a rmai katolikus magyarok
hossztv egyttlst eredmnyezte.
Mindez sszetett vltozsokat eredmnye-
zett Eurpa ezen rsznek trtnelmben,
nagy mrtkben hozz jrult a nemzetek
meghatroz szellemisgnek kialakul-
shoz.
A XI. szzadtl a bihari duktus a
Magyar Kirlysg egyik terletikzigaz-
Vadu Criului
8
gatsi egysge lett, 1567-tl 1660-ig az A msodik vezred folyamn a bihari
Erdlyi Fejedelemsghez, majd 32 ven t trsgben a vsrvrosok s falvak folya-
1660 s 1692 kztt a vradi pasalikhoz matosan megriztk sajtos hagyom-
tartozott, a XVII. szzad vgtl a Habsburg nyaikat, genercikon t letben tartottk
Birodalomhoz, 1867-tl pedig az Osztrk- szoksaikat, ugyanakkor sikereket rtek el
Magyar Monarchihoz. 1918. december a kulturlis felzrkzs tern is, biztostva
elsejn az egyesls kvetkeztben Bihar ezltal nmaguk szmra a haladst. Ek-
is a Romn Kirlysg rszv vlt s az is koriban jellte itt ki a nulladik hosszsgi
maradt 1940. szeptember 30-ig, amikor a krt az osztrk fizikus s csillagsz, Georg
Bcsi dnts rtelmben a megye egy r- Peuerbach (1423-1461), aki csillagvizsg-
sze visszakerlt rgi tulajdonoshoz, majd lt is ltestett a vrosban, ahol a nap- s
1944. oktber 12-tl visszacsatoltk Rom- holdfogyatkozsok bekvetkeztnek idejt
nihoz. E hossz trtnelmi idszak alatt a is kiszmtotta (Vradi Tblk Tabulae
romnok s a magyarok lland s szm- Varadiensis). Vradnak sikerlt Kzp- s
szeren is meghatroz npei a rginak. Dlkelet-Eurpa egyik humanista kzpont-
Hosszabb-rvidebb ideig ms nemzetis- jv vlnia, ltrehoznia a rgiban jelents
gek is megjelennek Biharban, kztk ola- szerepet betlt rmai katolikus kptalani
szok, trkk, nmetek, zsidk, szlovkok, iskolt, Erdly reformtus fejedelmeinek
rutnek, szerbek, lengyelek, romk stb., ksznheten pedig felptenie a vrat, az
akik fontos szerepet tltttek be a rgi erdlyi s kelet-eurpai renesznsz egyik
gazdasgi, mvszeti s kulturlis fejld- legjelentsebb ptszeti remekt, de emb-
sben. lematikusakk vltak ugyanakkor Bihar
Kt vszzadon keresztl (a VIII. s a arnyaiban harmonikus, faragvnyaiban
X. szzad kztt) Mnmart Biharja fontos s falfestmnyeiben egyedi fatemplomai is.
szerepet tlttt be politikai s vallsi szem- A XVIII. szzadban folyamatosan rkeztek
pontbl egszen a XI. szzad vgig, amikor Biharba a Jszvssrban, Bukarestben,
is I. Lszl magyar kirly Vradra helyezett Targovisten, Brassban, Szszvrosban s
egy katolikus kptalant s pspksget. A Gyulafehrvron nyomtatott knyvek, kes-
feudlis magyar uralkodnak ksznheten szlan bizonytva az itt l lakossg s az
megszilrdult a kapcsolat a Nyugattal, az ide szrmazottak kzs igyekezett arra,
ortodox egyhz viszont a hatalom megszo- hogy meghonostsk az eurpai civilizcit.
rtsainak kvetkeztben egyre nehezebben A kzpkori vsrok dinamikus gaz-
tudott kapcsolatot tartani a Kelettel. A k- dasgikereskedelmi tevkenysgei voltak
zpkori monostorok, templomok, vrosok Biharnak. Az vente megtartott vradi v-
s falvak ltrejtte egyarnt bizonytja, hogy sr hrneve pldul jtkony hatssal volt
llandsult a bihari trsadalom etnikai s az egsz vidkre, ugyanis a vilg minden
vallsi soksznsge. tjrl: Eurpbl, zsibl, Tvol-Kelet-
Mvszeti szempontbl a biznci, ro- rl rkeztek ide kereskedk. A vros c-
mn, gtikus, renesznsz, barokk, ksbb hei fellendtettk a kzmvesipart s a
a szecesszis, illetve a neoromn stlus kereskedelmet, a fldmvelst s az l-
jelenlte a rgiban igazolja a helyi tr- lattenysztst kiegszt gazatokat is.
sadalom mindig korszersgre trekv A Belnyesben, lesden, Nagyszalontn,
dinamizmust. ptszeti szempontbl Margittn, Meztelegden, Csffn rendezett
szmottev fontossgak a XII.-XIV. szzad- vsrok j felvev piacai voltak a vradi kz-
ban plt, helyi mesterek ksztette almasze- mves cheknek csakgy, mint a Belnyes
gi ortodox plet-egyttes, a vradi Rmai krnyki kzmvesfalvak mesteremberei-
Katolikus Pspksg romn stlus s g- nek is, akik mint vasmvesek, famegmun-
tikus katedrlisai, a krsszegi s adorjni klk, fazekasok, szcsk nagy elismers-
romn stlus, XIII. szzadi rtornyok, nek rvendtek a XVIII.-XX. szzadban.
a Bihar megyei romnkori s gtikus Az 1692.1918. kztti idszak meg-
templomok (Pelbrthida, Meztelegd hatroz volt a bihariak szmra gy mint
stb.), a vradi vr, az erdlyi renesznsz a gazdasgi, trsadalmi-politikai, vallsi s
kiemelked ptmnye (XVI.-XVII. sz- mvszeti-kulturlis fejlds tern. A bcsi
zad), a tindi hromhajs romn k- udvar, a felvilgosods szellemben alkal-
templom (XVII. szzad), a XVIII. szzad- mazta reformjait, a korszer, knyelmes
ban plt barokk rmai-katolikus, ortodox letfelttelek s sajtos jogok biztostsra
s refomtus templomok Nagyvradon, trekedett a Habsburg Birodalom nemzetei
Nagyszalontn, Belnyesben, lesden, a szmra. Az itt l romnok, magyarok,
19. szzadi neo-klasszikus s eklektikus nmetek, zsidk, rutnek, szerbek kzs-
kzpletek, a Nagyvrad, Nagyszalonta, sge pldul makedo-romnokkal bvlt,
lesd, rmihlyfalva s Margitta kzpontjt a felvilgosult osztrk csszr politikj-
sajtos bjjal felruhz XX. szzad eleji sze- nak ksznheten ugyanakkor jelents ered-
cesszis pletek, a kt vilghbor kztti mnyeket rtek el nemzeti sajtossgaik
neo-romn pletek (iskolk s lakhzak), megrzsben, a kzpkori gondolkods-
a vrosok neobiznci ktemplomai (Nagy- mdnak idszer szemllettel val felvl-
vrad, Belnyes, lesd, Tenke, Holld). tsban, illetve megkezddhetett a nemzeti
Mindezek a bihari trsadalom kreatv ere- ntudat kiteljesedse.
jt, illetve kt civilizci hatrn a Kelet s Azoknak az ortodox, grg-katolikus,
a Nyugat kztti prbeszdet szemlltetik. rmai-katolikus, reformtus, mzeshit fel-
Piatra Craiului Tinca
vilgosult eszmket vall egyhzi szemlyi- mveldsi s trsadalmi seglyszerveze- Fehr Dezs, Tbry Gza, Andrssy Ede,
sgeknek ksznheten, mint Petru Maior, tek megjelenst jelenti. Kirly Jzsef, Trk Gyula, Szkely rmin,
Gheorghe incai, Samuil Micu, Ioan Corneli, Az emltett vltozsok ugyanakkor Farag Dezs, Macalik Alfrd, Tibor Ern,
Samuil Vulcan vagy Pray Gyrgy, Katona olyan idben trtntek, amikor a nemzetis- Balogh Istvn, Leon Alex, Romn Pl), akik
Istvn, Gnczy Antal ltvnyos halads gek nyilvnossgra hoztk prog-ramjaikat, pldartk szellemi pezsgst idztek el a
mutatkozott Bihar trsadalmi, gazdasgi, olyan sajtos rvekre ptve, amelyek pl- megye letben.
vallsi, kulturlis letben. Lnyeges ele- dul megklnbztetik az 1848.-49-es A kt vilghbor kztti idszak vge
me a fejldsnek, hogy Biharban minden forradalom cljait az erdlyi romnok s a fel a politikai konfliktusok jbl kilezd-
szinten fellnklt az anyanyelvi oktats, magyarok krben, illetve amikor az Oszt- tek, s a Bcsi dnts (1940.) rtelmben
egyidben a magyar, nmet s romn nyel- rk-Magyar Monarchia nemzeti mozgalmai Bihart kettosztjk, egyik rsze visszatr
v knyvek nyomtatsval. A zenei s kultu- megersdtek s napirendre kerlt Kzp- a Magyar Kirlysghoz. Az 1940.-44 k-
rlis let fejldst beszdesen rzkelteti, Eurpa hatrainak trendezse. ztt zajl msodik vilghbor esemnyei
hogy vekig idztt Vradon Michael Haydn Az I. vilghbor vge eredmnyez- egyarnt fjdalmasan rintettk a bihari
s Ditter von Dittersdorf. te Nagy-Romnia megjelenst, amelyet romn, magyar s zsid kzssgek civil
Klns hatssal volt a vidkre, a lt 1918. december elsejn kiltanak ki a gyu- lett.
mdjra, de fontos volt az ptszet szem- lafehrvri nagygylsen, s amelyen biha- A romn s szovjet hadsereg kzs,
pontjbl is, a Birodalomban ltalnoss ri romnok is rszt vettek. 1919. prilis 20- gyzedelmes tmadsa eredmnyeknt
vlt teleplsrendszeti program. A Vo- val kezdden, amikor a Traian Mosoiu ltal 1944. oktber 12-n Bihar megye ismt
nalba llts (1771.-1774.) nagymrtk- vezetett kirlyi hadsereg bevonult Nagyv- egyeslt. Az ezt kvet vekben a kommu-
ben rintette a bihari falvakat s vrosokat, radra, a Bihar megyei romnok, magya- nistk fokozatosan tvettk az llam vezet-
mely megvltoztatta az addigi sztszrt ha- rok, zsidk, szlovkok, nmetek szerbek, st, s 1947. december 30-n I. Mihly romn
gyomnyos ptszetet, lehetv tve az l- rutnek, romk mind a Romn Kirlysg- kirlyt lemondsra knyszertettk. Bihar
lami ellenrzs s adztats rendszernek hoz val csatlakoztats alanyaiv vltak megye vrosainak (Nagyvrad, Nagysza-
biztostst. politikai, gazdasgi, pnzgyi, ipari, mez- lonta, Margitta, Belnyes, Vaskohszikls,
Egy msik hatst a teleplsren- gazdasgi, urbanisztikai s mvszeti-kul- Difs, Vaskoh) s 448 vidki telepls-
dszeti tervek rendszernek az j egyhzi turlis szempontbl. Tudvalev, hogy a kt nek (86 kzsg s 362 falu) lakosai lassan
alaptsok alkottk, ezek ptkezsi rend- vilghbor kztti idszakban gazdasgi megtanultk, mit jelent az egyprtrendszer
szerezse, melyek a mr ltez egyhzak- fellendls jellemezte a vidket, a jelents mkdse, a kzpontostott llamhatalom
kal s azok restaurlsval prhuzamosan gazdasgi vlsg ellenre. Ugyanekkor egy jelenlte a mindennapi letben, hogyan
jttek ltre. Ezek nagyrszt kivl rt- vszzad utn megalakul a Bihar Megyei befolysolja a vllalatok mkdst s ho-
k fatemplomok alkotjk, melyeket helyi Ortodox Pspksg, tszervezik a Bihar gyan semmisti meg az addigi rtkrendet.
vagy havasalfldi festk, mint a Curtea de Megyei Grg-Katolikus Pspksget, a Ugyanakkor itt is rvnyeslt a vrosok
Arges-i David Zugravu, alkotsai dsztenek. Nagyvradi Rmai Katolikus Pspksget, s falvak teleplsfejlszetsi politikja: az
Ezzel egyidben, a XVII. szzad s a XX. a Kirlyhgmellki Reformtus Pspk- urbanizcinak mondott, a laksprobl-
szzad els fele kztt, a fejld Vrad s sget, valamint a romn, illetve magyar ma megoldst szolgl tpuspletek t-
a bihari vrosok (Belnyes, Szalonta, lesd, Baptista egyhzakat s ezltal Nagyvrad meges felhzsa, illetve a korra jellemz
Margitta, Meztelegd, Magyarcske, Tenke, megszilrdtja megyei jog vros mins- emblematikus ptmnyek, az ipari mamu-
Mihlyfalva) elkezdtk az urbanisztikai ter- gt ami napjainkban is a tbbvallsos tok ltrehozsa. Br ltestettek kulturlis
vek tkletestst, a vroskzpontok ki- trsadalmak kztt modell rtknek te- intzmnyeket is, valamint egy tanrkpz
alaktst intzmnyi-, szocilis-, kultur- kinthet. Jelents mrtkben hozzjrultak fiskolt, ami aztn 1989. utn Romnia
lis jelleg rtkes kzpletek s laksok ehhez a folyamathoz tbbek kztt Roman egyik legnagyobb egyetemv fejldtt.
ptsvel. Ciorogariu, Demetrie Radu s Sulyok Istvn Az 1989-es v decembernek esem-
A XIX. szzad msodik fele, a szzad- pspkk is. nyei egy olyan korszaknak vetettek vget,
fordul, az az idszak, amikor Nagyvrad A fellendls elssorban a bihari- amely az ember alapvet jogait is semmibe
utcahlzata s a Futca arculata kibonta- ak kultrt fenntart erfesztsnek k- vette. A bels energik felszabadulsa sza-
kozott, sajtos jelleget nyert, a szecessis sznhet, amely fontosnak tartotta a ha- bad teret biztostott a magnkezdemnye-
ptszeti stlus jegyben, amikor is sajt gyomnyrzst, mindenekeltt a mr jl zseknek, a kreatv szemlyisgek kibon-
nemzeti kultrjukat gazdagt kivl ko- bejratott, rgen mkd intzmnyek takozsnak. Br a hosszantart tmeneti
rabeli szemlyisgek tevkenykednek V- tovbbltetsvel, illetve jak alapts- idszak Biharban is bizonytalansgrzetet
radon (Ioan Munteanu, Alexandru Cmeciu, val. Egyik legfontosabb intzmny a szn- szlt, a bks let rdekben sikerlt ke-
Nicolae Oncu, Alexandru Roman, Emanuil hz volt, ahol romn s magyar nyelv zelni a gazdasgi, trsadalmi, vallsi, kul-
Gojdu, Nicolae Jiga vagy Arany Jnos, Mr- eladsokat s hangversenyeket tartottak turlis s mvszeti let vlsghelyzeteit:
ki Sndor, Rmer Flris, Bunyitay Vincze, (George Enescu is fellpett), a mzeum- mint a trtnelem sorn mr annyiszor, is-
Karcsonyi Jnos). A Familia jsg meg- ban nprajzi killtsok s kpzmvszeti mt bebizonyosodott, hogy a helyi lakossg
alaptja, Iosif Vulcan s a Holnap jsg trlatok nyltak. Klnsen Nagyvradon krben a sok nemzetisg, sok valls,
kezdemnyezje, Ady Endre jeles pldi s Belnyesben volt lnk kulturlis tev- multikulturlis Biharban mennyire fontos
a szzadfordul kortrsainak, egyrszt a kenysg, romn s magyar mvszek kz- egyms klcsns tisztelete s megbecs-
sajt nemzedkkhz fzd szeretetk, remkdsvel. Nem kevsb volt fontos a lse.
msrszt a kulturlis egyttmkdst el- Jogi Egyetem fenntartsa egszen 1936-ig,
mozdt tevkenysgk rvn. amikor is tkltztettk Kolozsvrra szinte
Habr a kisiparosok szma ezutn is msfl vszzados Nagyvradi mkds Dr. Aurel CHIRIAC
szmottev marad, Bihar megye korszer- utn. A korszakban vgbement esemnyek-
sdse egyben a nemzetisgi s kzssgi hez jelents mrtkben hozzjrultak azok
rdekeket szolgl XIX. szzadi iparostst, a Bihar megyei szemlyisgek (Teodor Ne,
a kzlekedsi s kommunikcis csator- George Bacaloglu, Nicolae Firu, Francisc
nk (vast, posta, tviroda, telefon) folya- Hubic, M.G. Samarineanu, George A. Petre,
matos bevezetst, a kzszolgltatsok Petru E. Papp, Constantin Pavel, Angela
(pl. krhz) s kzbiztonsg (csendrsg, Selegian-Buteanu, Vioara Ignat Ciorda,
tzoltsg) mkdtetst, a jtkonysgi, Ioan Buiia, Niculi Pop, Nicolae Irimie,

Tmeu Remei Sntandrei

9
 Abram 75 Boiu 102
Abrmu 76 Borod 84
Adoni 153 Borozel 84
Albeti 134 Bor 85
Albi 89 Bora 139
Aled 54 Borumlaca 148
Almau Mare 80 Borz 151
Almau Mic (Balc) 80 Botean 119
Almau Mic (Srbi) 146 Bratca 86
Alparea 128 Brdet 91
Ant 79 Brteti 134
Apateu 126 Briheni 123
Arpel 81 Brusturi 87
Atileu 77 Brusturi (Fini) 113
Atea 96 Bucium 97
Aueu 78 Bucuroaia 104
Avram Iancu 79 Budeti 134
Balc 80 Budoi 133
Batr 81 Budureasa 88
Bile Felix 144 Buduslu 89
Bia 60 Bulz 90
Bia Plai 60 Bunteti 91
Blaia 157 Burda 88
Bleni 120 Burzuc 146
Blnaca 152 Butani 125
Blnaca-Groi 152 Cacuciu Nou 125
Beiu 56 Cacuciu Vechi 78
Beiuele 106 Cadea 64
Belejeni 111 Calea Mare 121
Belfir 158 Crsu 103
Berechiu 143 Cauaceu 82
Betfia 144 Cbeti 92
Beznea 86 Clacea 127
Bicaci 114 Clani 157
Biccel 121 Clea 77
Biharia 82 Clugri 94
Birtin 162 Cplna 93
Bistra 133 Crndeni 121
Bogei 156 Crnzel 121
Boianu Mare 83 Crpinet 94
10
 Index

Cuad 160 Corboaia 83

Cmp 70 Cordu 144
Cmp-Moi 70 Cornieti 110
Cmpani 95 Corniel 84
Cmpani de Pomezeu 132 Codeni 132
Cefa 96 Cotiglet 97
Ceica 97 Crnceti 110
Ceioara 97 Crestur 76
Cenalo 101 Cresuia 106
Cetariu 98 Critioru de Jos 105
Cetea 84 Critioru de Sus 105
Cherechiu 99 Cubulcut 64
Cheresig 159 Cucuceni 136
Cheriu 128 Cuied 87
Chea 103 Curele 106
Cheereu 99 Curtuieni 107
Che 58 Cusuiu 120
Chijic 104 Cuzap 133
Chioag 146 Dami 86
Chiraleu 100 Delani 56
Chiribi 156 Derna 108
Chistag 77 Dernioara 108
Chicu 130 Dicneti 112
Chiirid 126 Dijir 75
Chilaz 100 Diosig 109
Cihei 144 Dobreti 110
Ciocaia 64 Dobricioneti 125
Ciuhoi 101 Dolea 148
Ciuleti 147 Drgneti 111
Ciumeghiu 102 Drgeti 112
Ciutelec 156 Drgoteni 135
Cociuba Mare 103 Dumbrava 117
Cociuba Mic 130 Dumbrvani 91
Codru 151 Dumbrvia 117
Codrioru 78 Dumbrvia de Codru 151
Cohani 75 Dueti 97
Coleti 70 Fnae 95
Copcel 104 Fncica 76
Copceni 142 Fca 164
Corbeti 97 Fegernic 146
11
 Index

Fegernicu Nou 146

Hodi 117 Lupoaia 117 Puleti 87
Felcheriu 128
Hodiel 127 Marghita 58 Pua 126
Feneri 131
Hodo 141 Margine 75 Petere 77
Ferice 91
Holod 117 Mdras 124 Peti 54
Fini 113
Homorog 124 Mgeti 125 Petid 103
Fizi 113
Hotar 161 Mgura 130 Petrani 131
Foga 148
Hotrel 123 Mrihaz 124 Petreasa 135
Fonu 118
Husasu de Cri 119 Meziad 135 Petreu 76
Foru 162
Husasu de Tinca 118 Mierag 155 Petrileni 136
Forosig 117
Huta 83 Mierlu 116 Picleu 87
Fughiu 128
Huta Voivozi 150 Miersig 118 Pietroasa 130
Galopetreu 153
Ianca 109 Mihai Bravu 138 Pociovelite 106
Gleni 125
Ianoda 124 Miheleu 121 Poclua de Barcu 100
Gepi 121
Inand 96 Mica 100 Poclua de Beiu 151
Gepiu 114
Inceti 97 Mizie 111 Pocola 131
Gheghie 78
Ineu 119 Moteti 130 Poiana Cornetu 77
Ghenetea 58
Ioani 113 Munteni 90 Poiana (Critioru de Jos) 105
Ghida 80
Iteu 75 Ndar 147 Poiana Tad 104
Ghighieni 136
Iteu Nou 75 Nimieti 106 Poiana (Tuteu) 156
Ghiorac 102
Izbuc 94 Niuved 154 Poienii de Jos 91
Ginta 93
Izvoarele 165 Nojorid 126 Poienii de Sus 91
Giriu de Cri 115
Josani (Cbeti) 92 Nucet 60 Poieari 131
Giriu Negru 158
Josani (Mgeti) 125 Ogeti 142 Pomezeu 132
Giuleti 130
Lacu Srat 132 Olcea 127 Ponoar 86
Goila 92
Lazuri 137 Olosig 64 Popeti 133
Grdinari 111
Lazuri de Beiu 120 Oradea 29 Pooloaca 157
Groi 78
Lzreni 121 Ortiteag 125 Prisaca 163
Gruilung 121
Leheceni 94 Orviele 87 Rbgani 134
Gurani 130
Leleti 91 Oand 118 Rca 110
Gurbediu 158
Le 126 Oorhei 128 Rpa 158
Gurbeti (Cbeti) 92
Livada Beiuului 111 Otomani 140 Reghea 165
Gurbeti (Spinu) 147
Livada de Bihor 126 Paleu 129 Remetea 135
Haieu 144
Loranta 87 Palota 145 Remei 90
Huceti 100
Loru 86 Parhida 154 Rieni 136
Hrseti 95
Lugau de Jos 122 Pcleti 111 Rogoz 142
Hidi 132
Lugau de Sus 122 Pdurea Neagr 54 Rohani 93
Hidiel 110
Lunca 123 Pdureni 164 Roit 143
Hidielu de Jos 116
Luncasprie 110 Pgaia 83 Rontu 144
Hidielu de Sus 116
Luncoara 78 Pntesti 111 Roia 137
Hinchiri 120

12
 Index

Roiori 138 Sntion 85 Talpo 81 Vaida 138

Rotreti 142 Srbeti 123 Tarcea 153 Valea Cerului 148
Rugea 83 Srbi 146 Tmada 79 Valea Criului 86
Saca 88 Sebi 111 Tmeu 154 Valea de Jos 136
Sacalasu 108 Sectura 86 Trcaia 155 Valea de Sus 95
Sacalasul Nou 108 Seghite 123 Trcia 155 Valea lui Mihai 68
Salonta 64 Sighitel 95 Trguor 99 Valea Mare de Codru 117
Santul Mare 85 Sfrna 101 Trian 115 Valea Mare de Cri 84
Santul Mic 85 Sitani 132 Tad 112 Valea Trnei 150
Sarcu 146 Sititelec 118 Tut 81 Varasu 87
Satu Barb 75 Socet 150 Tutelec 98 Varviz 133
Satu Nou 154 Sohodol 92 Tuteu 156 Vacu 70
Sbolciu 139 Spinu 147 Teleac 88 Vlani de Pomezeu 132
Scdat 139 Spinu de Pomezeu 132 Telechiu 161 Vlanii de Beiu 161
Scuieni 64 Straco 112 Tileagd 157 Vreni 134
Slacea 140 Stnceti 91 Tilecu 157 Vrzari 133
Slard 141 Subpiatr 161 Tinud 54 Vrzarii de Jos 70
Sldbagiu de Barcu 80 Sudrigiu 136 Tinca 158 Vrzarii de Sus 70
Sldbagiu de Munte 129 Suplacu de Barcu 148 Toboliu 159 Vad 107
Sldbagiu Mic 93 Suplacu de Tinca 93 Tomnatic 163 Vlcele 148
Slite 147 Surduc 104 Topa de Cri 163 Vrciorog 164
Slite de Beiu 88 Surducel 164 Topa de Jos 110 Viioara 165
Slite de Pomezeu 134 auaieu 126 Topa de Sus 110 Vintere 117
Slite de Vacu 105 erani 84 Topeti 112 Voivozi (Popeti) 133
Srand 104 erghi 164 Totoreni 155 Voivozi (imian) 149
Srsig 100 ilindru 149 Tria 108 Zvoiu 142
Sucani 134 imian 149 Tulca 160 Zece Hotare 152
Sud 91 inteu 150 echea 161
Smbta 142 iterea 98 ignetii de Beiu 111
Sniob 101 oimi 151 ignetii de Cri 87
Snlazr 100 oimu 135 Ucuri 127
Snicolau de Beiu 151 tei 66 Uileacu de Beiu 162
Snnicolau de Munte 64 uiug 75 Uileacu de Cri 157
Snicolau Romn 143 umugiu 116 Uileacu de Munte 129
Snmartin 144 uncui 113 Ursad 151
Snmartin de Beiu 131 uncuiu 152 Urseti 123
Sntandrei 145 utiu 123 Urvind 122
Sntelec 116 uturogi 98 Urvi de Beiu 151
Sntimreu 141 Talpe 111 Vadu Criului 163

13
ORADEA

ORADEA CITY
N A G Y V R A D

1600-1919 / 1940-1944 1920-1940 1965-1989 1990-

Oradea
www.oradea.ro
Atestare documentar
1113 episcopus Waradiensis
Municipiul Oradea este reedina judeului Bihor i este
unul din cele mai semnificative centre economice, sociale i
culturale din nord-vestul Romniei.

Numr de locuitori: 206.527*

Scurt istoric:
Arealul ordean a fost, prin poziia sa geografic de
excepie, un loc propice locuirii nc din perioada neolitic. Cercet-
rile arheologice desfurate de-a lungul anilor au delimitat aezri
aparinnd acestei perioade, dar i epocii bronzului, a primei vrste
a fierului la Oradea Salca, Parcul Petfi i Oradea Sere. Este
demn de amintit, funcionarea pe Dealul Viilor a unei fortificaii daci-
ce, dezafectat n momentul cuceririi Daciei de ctre otile romane.
Piese arheologice de excepie, provenind din amintitele aezri, stau
astzi la loc de cinste ntre coleciile Muzeului rii Criurilor.
Evul de mijloc este marcat de stabilirea la Oradea a
unei episcopii romano-catolice, n anul 1092, moment de debut i al
primei ceti medievale din localitate, ridicat prin strdania regelui
Ladislau I. Toponimul Oradea (Varadinum) a fost atestat documentar
n anul 1113, cnd a fost pomenit, ntr-o diplom a abaiei de Zobor
i primul episcope local, Syxtus alturi de Saul, primul comite de Bi-
hor atestat n regiune. O mnstire purtnd hramul Sfintei Fecioare
Maria a nnobilat austera cetate ridicat aici de pomenitul rege. Unul
dintre cele mai dramatice momente din lunga istorie a oraului de pe
Criul Repede a fost marcat de marea invazie ttar din anul 1241,
primvara acelui an marcnd n fapt distrugerea complet a oraului
dar i a cetii. Clugrul Rogerius, peregrin prin prile transilvane
n acel moment, ne-a lsat prin a sa Carmen Miserabile, una dintre
cele mai veridice descrieri a tragediei care a marcat Oradea n amin-
titul an.
n ciuda distrugerilor oraul i-a revenit rapid, secolul
al XV-lea marcnd, prin activitatea ctorva episcopi, dintre care s-a
remarcat umanistul Andrea Scolari, perioada sa de glorie. O nou
cetate, dar mai ales o nou catedral ridicat n stil gotic, au trans-
format oraul n loc de pelerinaj, mulimile nchinndu-se la moa-
tele Sfntului Ladislau, ocrotitorul urbei, care avea o capel aparte
n catedral. Miniaturile care apar pe Cronica Pictat de la Viena ne
arat monumentul, cu un fronton impozant, strjuit de dou turnuri,
alturi de detalii legate de momentele construciei. Un amnunt in-
teresant, dar care mrturisete importana oraului, este legat de
persoana astronomului Georg Peuerbach care la mijlocul veacului
al XV-lea a socotit c meridianul zero trecea tocmai pe la Oradea. n
cetate a funcionat n acel timp i un observator astronomic, de unde
erau calculate eclipsele solare i de Lun.
Mijlocul secolului al XVI-lea a reprezentat pentru Cre-
tintate o mare ncercare n confruntarea cu Semiluna. Nici oraul
Oradea nu a fcut excepie de la acest efort, dovad fiind asediul din
vara anului 1598, cnd otile otomane au fost respinse de la porile
cetii.
Acesta este momentul n care principii ardeleni hotrsc
redefinirea fortificaiei ordene dup modelul italian bastionar, cel
mai bun, din punct de vedere strategic pentru acele vremuri. Lucr-
rile au fost demarcate de ctre Ioan Sigismund, principele Ardealului,
cu sprijinul material al ntregii ri.
n final, rodul acestor eforturi s-a materializat ntr-una
dintre cele mai mari fortificaii din centrul Europei, care a rezistat
cu succes nfruntrilor vremii. Cetatea Oradiei dispunea de un an-
samblu de cinci bastioane unghiulare care acopereau toate direciile
de foc ale artileriei de asediu, ajutat de un an inundat n scopul
contracarrii oricrui atac al infanteriei inamice.
Cele dou mari asedii, cel turcesc, soldat cu ocuparea
cetii n 1660, respectiv ocupaia habsburgic nceput n 1692, au
marcat profund realitile de ordin etnic, confesional i social ale ur-
bei. Perioada de pace care urmeaz va aduce n peisajul ordean un
aflux de populaie activ, att n plan economic, ct i n plan spiri-
tual, fenomen care i va pune amprenta n plan urbanistic printr-o
serie de cldiri monumentale: Palatul Baroc, Catedrala Romano-
Catolic, Claustrul Ursulinelor, Ansamblul Mnstirii Mizericordie-
nilor, Catedrala Greco-Catolic Sf. Nicolae, Biserica cu Lun, Palatul
Episcopiei Greco-Catolice i altele.
n plan economic, secolul al XIX-lea aduce cu sine un
progres susinut de avntul tehnologic, care n Oradea se va contura
prin reeaua de transport n comun, electrificarea stradal, alimen-
tarea cu ap potabil i canalizare, dotri care vor deservi ansam-
blurile monumentale noi construite: Cldirea Primriei Oradiei Mari,
Complexul Vulturul Negru, Teatrul de Stat, Cafeneaua Astoria,
Hotelul Transilvania, Palatul de Justiie, Gara Central etc. Popula-
ia oraului numra n acel moment peste 70 mii de locuitori, romni,
maghiari, evrei, nemi i slovaci, care puneau umrul deopotriv la
prosperitatea urbei de pe Criul Repede.
Primul Rzboi Mondial aduce cu sine schimbri majore
de ordin politic, teritorial i naional. Oraul ncepe s nregistreze un
aflux de populaie romneasc venit din lumea rural, alturi de in-
telectualitatea naional colit la Colegiul Premonstratens (Colegiul
Naional M. Eminescu), la Liceul Regal-Real (Colegiul Naional E.
Gojdu) i Academia Terezian de Drept. Cultura romneasc, al-
turi de cea maghiar, dar i a lumii evreilor va nregistra un vector
ascendent pn n momentul Dictatului de la Viena, eveniment n
urma cruia oraul, ca i partea de nord a judeului vor fi supuse
unui nemilos proces de epurare etnic, soldat cu expulzri n mas
(1940-1944).
Prima jumtate a anului 1945 va conduce la reinstau-
rarea administraiei romneti, iar dup mai puin de trei ani la cea
comunist, de import, prin care toate valorile autohtone au fost nlo-
cuite cu cele marxist-leniniste. Acum oraul va beneficia de ridicarea
unor cartiere de blocuri de locuine standardidizate, acele cuburi
bine cunoscute, fr personalitate i fr pic de stil, iar viaa cultu-
ral i spiritual vor fi supuse ideologiei socialiste.
Dup 22 decembrie 1989, redobndirea dreptului
la liber exprimare aduce cu sine apariia unor noi construcii
moderne, dezvoltarea vieii culturale i spirituale care va ine
cont de respectul fa de cellalt, ntr-un municipiu multietnic
i multiconfesional.

16 * www.recensamantromania.ro
cca. 1903
1598
Oradea
www.oradea.ro
Documentary testimony
1113, episcopus Waradiensis
The city of Oradea is the residence city of Bihor
County and it is one of the most significant econom-
ic, social and cultural centre of the north-western
Romania.

No. of inhabitans: 206.527*

Short history:
Because of its geographical situation, Oradea was
a place for living even since the Neolithic times. The archaeo-
logical research conducted over time have revealed settle-
ments belonging to that period but also to the Bronze Age and
early Iron Age at Oradea Salca, Parcul Petfi and Oradea
Sere. On Viilor Hill there was once a Dacian fortification that
at the Romans conquer had been disabled by the armies. Tara
Crisurilor Museum holds now many valuable archaeological
pieces coming from these settlements.
The Medium Eve is marked by the establishment
of a Roman-catholic bishopric in 1092, the dbut of the first
medieval fortress built thanks to Kings Ladislau I. The topo-
nym Oradea (Varadinum) was documentary certified in 1113
when it has been mentioned in a diploma of the abbey by Zobor
and the first local bishop, Syxtus together with Saul, the first
attested governor of the shire of Bihor. A monastery patronized
by Saint Mary ennobled then the gloom austere fortress. One of
the most dramatic moments in the long history of the city was
the great Tartar invasion from 1241 when the spring brought
along the destruction of the city and the fortress. A pilgrim in
the Transylvanian lands, the monk Rogerius has left us in his
Carmen Miserabile one of the most truthful descriptions of the
tragedy that marked Oradea in that year.
Despite of the destructions, the city recovered fast
and the 15th century was a glorious period due to the activ-
ity of some bishops, such as the humanist Andrea Scolari. A
new fortress and a new gothic cathedral transformed the city
in a place for pilgrimage where the crowds kneeled at the
relics of Saint Ladislau, the protector of the town, who had a
chapel in within the cathedral. The miniatures on the painted
chronicle from Vienna show us the monument with its trian-
gular cornice watched by two towers and details related to the
stages of building. An interesting detail that asserts the towns
importance is related to the person of the astronomer Georg
Peuerbach who in the middle of the 15th century held that the
0 meridian passed right through Oradea. The fortress hosted
a working astronomic observer from which sun and moon
eclipses were calculated.
The middle of the 16th century meant for Christian-
ity a great test when it had to face the Sublime Porte. Oradea
was no exception to this effort, the proof being the siege from
the summer of 1598 when ottoman armies were rejected at the
fortresses gates.
That was the moment when the princes of Ardeal
decide to redefine the fortification after the Italian stronghold
model, the best from a strategic point of view. The works were
commenced by Ioan Sigismund, prince of Ardeal with the ma-
terial support of the whole country.
The result of those efforts materialized in one of
the largest fortifications from Central Europe which hold out
against all the conflicts of those times. The fortress of Oradea
had a 5 angular bastion ensemble that covered all the fire di-
rections of the siege artillery, helped by a flooded fosse meant
to counteract against the enemy pedestrians.
The two grate sieges, the Turkish that ended up
with the occupation of the fortress in 1660 and the habsburgic
occupation started in 1692 have deeply marked the ethnical,
confessional and social realities of the town. The peaceful
period to follow brought in an inflow of active population in
both economic and spiritual fields, a phenomenon that laid
an imprint on the urban plan through a series of monumental
buildings: the Baroque Palace, the Roman-catholic Cathe-
dral, Claustrul Ursulinelor, Mizericordienilor monasteries,
St. Nicolas Greek-catholic cathedral, the Moon Church, the
Greek-catholic Bishopric Palace etc.
The 19th century brought in the economical field a
sustained progress, a technological development the tram-
way, street illumination, and potable water supply and sewer-
age systems, all to serve the new monuments: Oradea City
Hall, Vulturul Negru Complex, State Theatre, Astoria Caf,
Transylvania Hotel, Justice Palace, Central Train Station etc.
The city had a number of over 70 thousand inhabitants, Ro-
manian, Hungarian, Jews, Germans and Slovaks who worked
together for the prosperity of the town.
The First World War brought major political, ter-
ritorial and national changes. The city begins to receive a flow
of Romanian countrymen that would join national intellectuals
brought up at Premonstratens College (National College M.
Eminescu), la Regal-Real Highschool (National College E.
Gojdu) and Theresian Academy of Law.
Romanian culture would register an ascendant
vector until the moment of the Vienna Dictate, after which the
city as well as the northern part of the county would be sub-
jects to a ruthless ethic filtering resulting in mass expelling.
The first half of the 1945 drove to the re-estab-
lishment of Romanian administration and less than 3 years
later the communist one, an imported one through which all
authentic values had been replaced by the Marxist-Leninist
ones. New neighborhoods of standardized, styleless, lacking
personality blocks of apartments would be build the well
known cubes and cultural and spiritual life would be subdued
to socialist ideology.
After 22nd of December 1989, the regained right of
free expression puts an end to standardization new modern
buildings are being build and cultural and spiritual life will de-
velop towards mutual respect in a city of multiethnic and mul-
ticonfessional reality.

18 * www.recensamantromania.ro
1693
 Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Els okleveles emlts

1113, episcopus Waradiensis

Nagyvrad (romnul Oradea, nmetl Grosswardein, szlo-

vkul Velk Varadn, latinul Magnovaradinum, a romniai
Bihar megye szkhelye, megyei jog vros a Partiumban,
a Krsvidken, a Sebes-Krs partjn. A telepls a r-
gi legnagyobb vrosa.

Lakosok szma: 206.527*

Rvid trtnet:
A vros trtnete az korig nylik vissza, az
idk sorn a rgszeti kutatsok feltrt teleplsek Salca
s a nagyvradi Sere tartoznak ezen idszakhoz, a bronz-
kor s a korai vaskorbl. Ekkor alaptottak egy teleplst
a Szlkadomb krnykn a rmaiak. Ennek ltt rgszeti
leletek is altmasztjk, melyeket a Krsvidki Mzeum-
ban lehet megtekinteni.
Nagyvrad trtnett Szent Lszl kirly legen-
di vezetik be. A trtnszek kzl egyesek szerint Szent
Istvn kirly uralkodsnak msodik felben megalaptotta
a bihari pspksget, amelyet 1091. utn I. Lszl kirly
Vradra tett t. Az thelyezskor I. Lszl korban mr
llt az ltala 1083. utn ltestett Szz Mria-prpostsg.
Ms trtnszek szerint Szent Lszl a bihari pspksget
nem thelyezte Vradra, hanem pspksget alaptott itt. A
nagyvradi hagyomny 1092-t tartja a pspksg alaptsi
vnek.
Vrad els rsos emltse mint civitas
Waradiensis 1113-bl maradt fenn a zlyomi Benedek-
rendi aptsg egyik oklevelben. 1130. krl II. Istvn kirly
Vradra teleptette a premontrei rendet. III. Bla kirly k-
rsre 1192-ben a ppa szentt nyilvntotta I. Lszl ki-
rlyt.
Scolari Andrs pspksge alatt (1409.1426.)
Vrad a bks fejlds tjn haladt, virgzott a mvszet,
a kultra, az ipar, a kereskedelem s a tudomny is. A
humanista mveltsg legnagyobb vradi kpviselje Vitz
Jnos pspk volt, aki kln csillagvizsglt tartott fenn
az osztrk fizikus s csillagsz, Georg Peuerbach (1423.-
1461.) ltal olyan tblzatot ksztett, amellyel a nap- s
a holdfogyatkozsokat elre ki lehetett szmtani. Mivel a
tblzatnl a vradi meridint vette alapul, ezrt a V-
radi tblk (Tabulae Varadiensis) nevet adta neki. A vradi
kptalan tagjai kztt lt ebben az idben a latinul versel
Janus Pannonius is.
A XVI. szzad msodik felben, az Oszmn Bi-
rodalom flemelkedsnek idszakban hozzkezdtek a
vr megerstshez, a munklatok 1570. s 1618. kztt
zajlottak, itliai ptmesterek irnytsval. A mai form-
jban lthat vrat (amely a legjobb llapotban megmaradt
olasz renesznsz stlusban plt vr) tbb alkalommal, gy
1474-ben s 1598-ban is megostromoltk, de csak 1660-
ban sikerlt elfoglalni. 1598. szn t hten t ostromolta a
trk sereg, de nem jrt sikerrel.
A vradiak oldaln harcoltak az osztrkok, va-
lamint Mihly vajda, Havasalfld fejedelme is, de melljk
llt az es, amely elnttte a trk tbort, s a betegsgek
is, amelyek megtizedeltk azt. Kt vvel ksbb mgis sike-
rlt elfoglalniuk a vrat, amelyet 1692-ig tartottak uralmuk
alatt, amikor ismt Magyarorszg fennhatsga al kerlt.
A trk hdoltsg idejn a vrost egy pasasg szkhely-
1860 v tettk. 1890-ben Nagyvrad, Bihar vrmegye szkhelye
volt, egyben vasti csompont is, ahonnan ht irnyba ga-
zott el a vast. A vrosban 17 templom s hat kolostor llt,
kt katedrlis, kt pspki palota, valamint szmos repre-
zentatv kz- s magnplet. A vros npessge 38.557,
tbbsgk magyar s zsid volt.
A XX. szzad elejn a korszer ipar a vrosfejl-
ds meghatroz tnyezjv vlt. Neves ptszek mara-
dandt alkottak a historizmus s a szecesszi jegyben. A
vros fejldst pldzza 1894-ben a vzm megptse s
a vezetkes vz bevezetse a vrosba, amit kzel egy vtized
mlva a csatornzs is kvetett, 1904-ben villamosmvet
ltestettek, ezzel megolddott a kzvilgts is, 1906-ban
beindulhatott a villamoskzlekeds.
Az I. Vilghbor hoz jelents politikai vltoz-
sokat helyi s nemzeti szinten. A vrosba kezd beramlani a
romn lakossg a vidkrl s az a nemzeti rtelmisg ame-
lyik tanulmnyait a Premontrei Fiskoln s Jogakadmin
(a mai Mihai Eminescu Fgimnzium), a Freliskoln (a
mai Emanuil Gojdu Fgimnzium) s a Tudomnyos Akad-
min vgezte.
A romn, a magyar s a zsid kulturlis let fel-
virgzik, mg a 1940-es augusztus 30-i bcsi dnts alapjn
szak-Erdlyt visszacsatoltk Magyarorszghoz s etnikai
tisztogats s tmeges kitoloncolsok kvetkeznek be.
A hbor vge fel Nagyvradot ktszer bom-
bztk a szvetsges lgierk: 1944. jnius 2-n s szept-
ember 6-n.
Az 1945-s v els felben romn vezetsg
kzigazgats jn ltre a vrosban, amelyik hrom v utn
tkerl az import, marxista-leninista, minden rtk nlkli
ideolgiai vezetshez. Az 1960-as vektl nagyiram ipa-
rosts vette kezdett. Nagyvrad nyugati rszn egy telje-
sen j ipartelepet hoztak ltre s j laknegyedek plnek
standard, kommunista igny panelhzakkal (blokkok). A
kulturlis s spiritulis let ki lett tve a szocialista ideol-
ginak.
Az 1989-es decemberi forradalom utn meg-
sznt a diktatrikus rendszer, megalakultak a helyi kz-
igazgats j szervei, tbbprtrendszer vltotta fel az addigi
kommunista egyeduralmat. j, modern pletek jelennek
meg a vrosban. A kulturlis s spiritulis let szabad fej-
ldse jegyben, a msik irnti tisztelet jelben Nagyvrad,
tbb nemzetisg s tbb vallsu eurpai vross ntte ki
magt.
19
1863 * www.recensamantromania.ro
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Monumente istorice i arhitectonice

- Zona central pietonal
Pornind de la Supermarket Criul (vezi harta)
pe Calea Republicii, la cca. 100 m. pe stnga
apare cldirea fostului Palat al Finanelor Pu-
blice [1] (1890, stil eclectic). Vizavi, pe partea
dreapt, se afl Biserica Romano - Catolic
Olosig [2] (ridicat la 1784, actuala construcie
dateaz din 1904).
Aproape lipit de biseric, n partea stng a
faadei acesteia, se ntinde cldirea Spitalului
militar [3], una dintre puinele cldiri ce nu
i-au schimbat destinaia din sec. XVIII (iniial
cldirea a fost ridicat de ordinul clugrilor
franciscani, n 1731, fiind apoi cedat armatei
n 1788, cnd franciscanii au fost obligai s p-
rseasc oraul). O alt cldire cu origini clu-
greti, situat aproximativ vizavi, este Spitalul
mizericordienilor [4] (1760, n stil baroc trziu),
aflat pe str. Republicii nr. 33, actual sediu al Di- 1
reciei sanitare. n corpul cldirii funcioneaz
i astzi farmacia spitalului de odinioar, fiind
astfel cea mai veche farmacie din Oradea.

Historical and Architectonic Monuments

- The pedestrian central zone 3
The starting point is the Crisul Supermarket
(see the map) on Republicii Street. Then, about
100 m on the left, you can see the Palace of
the Public Finances [1] (1890, Eclectic style).
Opposite the street, on the right side, there is
the Olosig Roman-Catholic Church [2] (built
in 1784, the present building dates from 1904).
The Military Hospital [3] almost linked to the
left side of the church, is one of the few build-
ings that has not changed its destination since
the 13th century (initially was built at the order
of the Franciscan monks in 1731, then in 1788
it was given to the army because the Francis-
cans were forced to leave town). Another build-
ing constructed by the monks, just opposite
the street, is the Hospital of the Mercifulls
[4] (1760, late Batoque style) on 33 Republicii
Street, today the headquarters of the Medical
Board. The building is still housing the phar-
macy of the former hospital and it is the oldest
pharmacy in Oradea.

Memlkek s ptszet
- Belvrosi stlutca
A Krs (Crisul) ruhztl (ld. trkp) a F
utcn elindulva mintegy szz mter utn bal-
ra feltnik a volt Pnzgyigazgatsgi Palota
[1] plete (1900, eklektikus stlusban ifj.
Rimanczy Klmn). Szemben lthat az olaszi
rmai katolikus plbniatemplom, a Bartok
temploma [2], amelyet 1784-ben ptettek, m
mai kinzett az 19031905 kztti tpts
sorn nyerte el, ifj. Rimanczy Klmn terve
alapjn. A templom mellett, annak fhomlok-
zattl balra tallhat a katonai krhz [3],
azon kevs plet egyike, amelynek rendelte-
tse a XVIII. szzad ta nem vltozott. (A temp-
lom melletti szrnyt eredetileg a ferences
rend pttette 1738-ban, majd 1788-ban tad-
tk a hadseregnek, amikor a ferenceseknek el
kellett hagyniuk a vrost). Majdnem szemben
a templommal egy msik, eredetileg egyhzi
rendeltets plet lthat, az irgalmasrendi
krhz [4] (1760-ban plt ksei barokk st-
lusban), a F (Republicii) utca 33. szm alatt,
mely ma is egszsggyi intzmny szkhe-
lye, s amelynek fldszintjn ma is zemel a
rgi krhz gygyszertra, a vros legrgebbi
patikja. Ezek utn eljutunk a F utcn stl
szakaszhoz, amelyet 2006-ban alaktottak ki
jellenlegi formjra.

5. Strada Republicii / Republicii street /

F utca
6. Capela romano-catolic ngerii
Pzitori (1754-1760) / The Gardin An-
gels roman-catholic chapel (1754-1760)/
Az irgalmas rend kpolnja (1754-1760)
7. Biserica romano-catolic Sfnta Brig-
itta - azi biserica ortodox cu hramurile
Sf. Treime i Pogorrea Sf. Duh (1693) /
The Saint Brigitta Roman-Catholic church,
today Orthodox Church / A Szent Brigitta
rmai katolikus templom, ma ortodox Sf.
Treime templom

2
20
 4

7
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Monumente istorice i arhitectonice

- zona central pietonal
Intrnd apoi pe sectorul pietonal al str. Republicii
(cu pavajul refcut n forma actual n anul 2006),
ajungem dup cca. 200 m. n dreptul altor dou
palate impuntoare. Palatul Apollo [8], pe partea
dreapt, col cu str. Mihai Eminescu, terminat n
anul 1914 (arh. Rimanczi K. Jr.) n stil secession
caracteristic, cu numeroase elemente decorative i
statui de inspiraie antic. Vizavi, pe partea stng,
o alt construcie demn de strada principal - Pa-
latul Moszkovits [9] (1905). Peste drum, pe partea
dreapt, col cu str. Mihai Eminescu se ridic Pa-
latul Stern [10] 1908-1909).
Cotind la stnga n dreptul acestei cldiri, pe str.
Parcul Traian, ajungem dup cca. 50 m. la cldirea
Bncii Naionale [11] (fosta Banc-Austro-Ungar,
1913), dup care apare Palatul Justiie [12], termi-
nat la 13 august 1898, o construcie impuntoare
i masiv, realizat n mai puin de 3 ani, n stil
eclectic, care adpostete din nou (2001) Tribuna- 9
lul i alte instituii ale justiiei. Pe partea opus a
parcului se gsete fosta Cas a comitatului Bihor
[13] (probabil 1855), astzi sediu al Prefecturii i al 8
Consiliului Judeean Bihor. n sala festiv a cldirii 10
a fost expus n anul 1910 avionul realizat n Ora-
dea ntr-una din primele fabrici de aeroplane din
Europa!
n prculeul dintre cele dou cldiri se afl mu-
zeul memorial Ady Endre [14] (unul din cei mai
importani poei maghiari, care a trit i n Oradea),
cldirea fiind iniial (1868) o foarte cunoscut cafe-
nea, iar azi demisolul cldirii are din nou aceeai
destinaie!
Refcnd traseul, trecem pe col pe lng o cldire
masiv cu etaj, care a fost ridicat n 1880, cu des-
tinaia de hotel i restaurant, adpostind apoi din
anul 1929 Casa Naional [15]. n continuare, la ur-
mtorul col al str. Republicii cu str. R. Ciorogariu,
pe partea stng putem admira Palatul Rimanczy
[16] (1906-1907, arh. Rimanczy Jr.).
Cotind la dreapta pe str. R. Ciorogariu, la cca.100
m. pe partea dreapt a strzii, la nr. 3, apare cldi-
rea care adpostete din anul 1920 Palatul Episco-
piei Ortodoxe Romne [17] (1903, cldit ca ree-
din a familiei de arhiteci Rimanczy). Revenind
pe principala arter comercial i pietonal a ora-
ului, ntlnim pe partea dreapt faada mnstirii
(claustrul) Ursulinelor i biserica Sfnta Ana [18],
ridicate n1772-1773 n stil baroc (pe zidul bisericii,
n stnga intrrii este plasat o plcu care indi-
c nivelul apelor Criului la inundaiile din august
1851; nclzirea global ncepuse deja...? ).
La mic distan, pe partea stng, apare o cldire
al crei exterior nu este deloc remarcabil: hotelul
Parc [19], ridicat n 1903, cu numeroase elemen-
te decorative n stil secession la interior ce merit
admirate (feronerie, vitralii, ancadramente, etc.), i
care a fost mult vreme situat n categoria hotelu-
rilor din reeaua Ritz i a adpostit personaliti de
seam aflate n trecere prin Oradea: Nicolae Iorga,
George Enescu, regele Carol al II-lea, Rabindra-
nath Tagore, s.a.
Plecnd din dreptul hotelului Parc, avem n fa
la captul zonei pietonale cldirea fostei cafenele
Royal [20], n stil secession autentic, care a fost 13
una dintre cele mai elegante i frecventate localuri
de acest gen. Ansamblul (nceput n 1890), mai in-
cludea un hotel, bi publice, restaurant cu teras
spre Cri, a fost primul complex impuntor de cl-
diri i servicii din Oradea, iar interiorul deosebit de
elegant al fostei cafenele, apoi fostul restaurant
Oradea, a fost recent redeschis. Alturi de acest
complex, n partea dreapt, se afl Casa Poynar
[21], o cldire reprezentativ, ridicat n doar
6 luni n anul 1907, n stil secession cu influene
renascentiste italiene (arh. F. Sztarill). Cele dou
cldiri menionate se afl deja n Piaa Ferdinand
(fosta Piaa Teatrului), despre care Iorga nota n
impresiile sale ...acea pia de fal i gal unde
se pot vedea bnci, palate i desigur teatrul. nce-
putul lucrrilor a debutat la 11 iulie 1899 iar la 15
octombrie1900 (dup numai 15 luni!) se inaugura
acest lca de cultur, dup planurile unor arhi-
teci din Viena. Teatrul din Oradea [22] este unul
dintre cele mai reuite exemple ale eclectismului,
cu faada principal neoclasic, cu un portic, co-
loane cu capiteluri compozite care susin un fron-
ton triunghiular decorat cu basoreliefuri, avnd n
fa dou statui alegorice.
n partea stng a teatrului poate fi admirat cldi-
rea Hotelului Astoria [23] (1902, arh. F. Sztarill) iar
vizavi de acesta se gsete fostul Hotel Transilva-
nia [24] (azi sediu de firme), construit n anul 1904
n stil eclectic i inaugurat cu mare fast ca hotel
i cafenea Pannonia (pn n 1914), apoi numit
Pallas pn n 1945. Sala mare de la parter, cu
ornamentaia interioar original n stil secession
mai adapostete i azi un restaurant. Alturi se afl
fosta Cas de economii a comitatului Bihor [25],
inaugurat n iulie 1892 (azi sediu al bncii BRD),
ridicat n actuala nfiare n anul 1907, n stil ca-
racteristic secession.

22
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12

14 12
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro
Historical and Architectonic Monuments
- The pedestrian central zone
After a 200 m walk on the Pedestrian precinct of
the Republicii St. (with the pavement fixed in 2006),
we found ourselves in front of two impressive pal-
aces: the Apollo Palace [8] on the right side, at the
corner with Mihai Eminescu St., finished in 1914
(architect Rimanczy Klmn jr.) in the Secession
style with numerous decorative elements and stat-
ues of antique inspiration. Opposite the street, on
the left side, there is a building wothy of this street:
the Moszkovits Palace [9] (1905). Across the street,
on the right side, at the corner with Mihai Eminescu
St., is the Stern Palace [10] (1908-1919). Then turn-
ing left on Parcul Traian St., after 50 m, we reach
the headquarters of the National Bank [11] (the
former Austro-Hungarian Bank, 1913), followed by
the Law Court [12] finished on the 13th of August
1898, an impressive and massive building, ready
in less than three years in the Eclectic style, since
2001 the Court House. On the opposite side of the
park we find the former House of Bihor County [13]
(probabbly 1855), now the County Prefecture and
the Bihor County Council. In 1916, the plane built
in Oradea in one of the first plane factories frop
Europe was displayed in the festivity hall.
In the small park situated between the two build-
ings, we find the Ady Endre Memorial Museum
[14] (one of the most famous Hungarian poets who
lived in Oradea, too). Its basement has preserved
the initial destination of the building, that of a caf.
Coming back on the same route on Republicii St.,
on the corner, we pass by a massive one-floor
building, constructed in 1880, initially as a hotel and
restaurant and since 1929 The National House
[15]. At the next corner of the Republicii Street with
R. Ciorogariu st., on the left side, one can admire
the Rimanczy Palace [16] (1906-1907, architect
Rimanczy Klmn jr.). Turning right on R. Cioroga-
riu st. (at about 100 m on the right side of the street,
at number 3) we see the building of the Palace of
the Romanian Orthodox Bishops [17] since 1920
(1903, built by the Rimanczy architects as a family
residence). Returning to the main commercial and
pedestrian precinct of the town, we can notice on 17
the right side, the facade of the Ursuline Monas-
tery and the St. Ana Church [18] built in 1772-1773
in Baroque style (at the entrance on the wall, on
the left side, there is a bord indicating the flood le-
vels from august 1851,(could global warming have
started then...?).
At a short distance, on the left, we find ourselves in
front of a building with a completely unremarkable
exterior, the Parc Hotel [19] (1903), but inside with
numerous decorative elements in the Secession
style. The hotel should be admired for its interior
(iron mongery, stained glass windows, framings.
Etc.) For a long period of time the hotel belonged to
the same category as the Ritz Hotels did, accomo-
dating personalities that passed through Oradea:
Nicolae Iorga, George Enescu, King Charles II, Ra-
bindranath Tagore, etc. Leaving the hotel, at the
end of the pedestrian precinct, is the former Royal
Cafe [20], authentic Secession Style, one of the
most elegant and freqvented cafes. The pile (begun
in 1890) also included a hotel, public bathes and a
restaurant with a terrase with a view on the river. It
represents the first impressive pile of buildings and
services from Oradea. Unfortunately the extremely
elegant interior of the former cafe (then the Oradea
Restaurant) recently reopened. Next, on the right,
there is the Poynar House [21], a representative
building erected in only 6 months (1907), in Se-
cession Style with Italian Renaissance influences,
(architect F. Sztarill). The two buildings mentioned
above are situated in the Ferdinand Square that
square of fame and glory as for Iorga called it in
his memories. Here we can see banks, pallaces
and the theatre [22]. The construction works to
the theatre began on the 11 th of July, 1899 and it
was inaugurated on the 15th of October 1900, after
only 15 months. It stands for one of the most repre-
sentative buildings of the Eclectic Style, with a neo-
classical main facade, with bas reliefs and with two
allogorical statues in front. On the left side, one can
admire the Hotel Astoria [23] (1902, architect F. Sz- 26 27
tarill) and just opposite the street the former Tran-
sylvania Hotel [24] built in 1904 in Eclectic style and
inaugurated as the Pannonia Hotel and Restaurant
(till 1919), then renamed Pallas (till 1945). The
large hall from the groundfloor with its original ele-
ments in the Secession Style, is still a restaurant.
Next, we see The Savings Bank of Bihor County
[25] inaugurated in July 1892 (today the headquar-
ters of a bank, BRD). Its present appearance dates
since 1907, in the Secession style. Here we are on
the right bank of the Crisul Repede River, at the end
of our first route.

26. Corso
27. Cldirea Baroului de avocai (1909)/
Az gyvdi kamara (1909) / The Bar
Association
28. Bazarul (1900) / The Bazar / A Bazr

24
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16

18

19
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro
Memlkek s ptszet
- A belvrosi stlutca
Mintegy ktszz mter megttele utn kt impozns
palothoz rnk: jobboldalt az 1914-ben befejezett
szecesszis Apoll palota [8] lthat (ifj. Rimanczy
Klmn tervezte), amelynek homlokzatn szmos
dsztelem s antik jelleg szobor van. Szemben
vele, a bal oldalon egy msik, a F utca arculathoz
mlt plet ll, a Moszkovits-palota [9] (1905 ifj.
Rimanczy Klmn). Az utca tloldaln, jobboldalt, a
Szaniszl (ma Eminescu) utca sarkn a Stern-palota
[10] (19041905; Tervezk: Komor Marcell s Jakab
Dezs) lthat. Ha ennl a keresztezdsnl balra
fordulunk, a Szchnyi (ma Traian) parkba rnk, s
mintegy tven mterre megltjuk a Nemzeti Bank
[11] (volt Osztrk-Magyar Bank, 1912; Tervez: Al-
pr Ignc) plett. Ezutn kvetkezik az 1898-ban
tadott Igazsggyi Palota [12] eklektikus stlus
plete (tervez: Kiss Istvn). 2001 ta ismt a tr-
vnyszknek s egyb igazsggyi intzmnyeknek
ad otthont. Szemben, a park tloldaln ll az egykori
vrmegyehza [13] (az 1760-as vekben plt, 1855-
ben kibvtettk), melyet ma is megyei intzmnyek:
a prefektra s a megyei nkormnyzat hasznl. Az
plet dsztermben tettk kzszemlre 1910-ben a
Nagyvradon, Eurpa egyik els replgpgyrt- 2
zemben kszlt replgpet. A kt plet kztti
kis parkban ll az Ady Endre Emlkmzeum [14], a
klt ugyanis egy ideig a vrosban lt. Az plet, mely
1898-ben kszlt el eredetileg Mllerj nven ismert
nyri kioszk volt, az alagsorban jelenleg is kvz
mkdik.
Ugyanezen az tvonalon visszatrve a F utcra,
a sarkon elhaladunk egy emeletes plet mellett,
amelyet 1887-ben ptettek Knapp Ferenc terve alap-
jn. Eredetileg Szchnyi Szllknt s vendglknt
zemelt, majd 1929-tl a Romn Nemzeti Hz [15]
mkdtt benne. Tovbb haladva, a F utca s az
ri (ma Ciorogariu) utca sarkn baloldalt megcso-
dlhatjuk id. Rimanczy Klmn velencei gtikbl
ihletd palotjt [16] (1905; Tervez: ifj. Rimanczy
Klmn).
Jobbra fordulva mintegy szz mter megttele utn,
az ri utca jobb oldaln, a 3-as szm alatt egy jabb
neogtikus stlus, emeletes plet tnik szembe,
amely 1920 ta az ortodox pspksgnek [17] ad
otthont. Az plet 1903-ban plt, s eredetileg a
Rimanczy csald tulajdona volt.
Visszatrve a vros f kereskedelmi utcjra, jobb-
oldalt az Orsolya zrda s Szent Anna-templom
[18] 1858-ban plt neogtikus homlokzata tnik
fel. A templomot s a mellette lev klauzra pletet
17731774-ben ptettk barokk stlusban. A temp-
lom faln, a bejrattl balra egy tbla lthat, amely a
Krs 1851-es radsakor mrt vzszintet jelzi. Nem
messze a templomtl, balol-dalt a Park Szll [19]
lthat, amely egy barokk plet talaktsa nyomn
1915-ben nyerte el mai arculatt. Belsejben szmos,
megtekintsre rdemes szecesszis dsztelem lt-
hat (kovcsolt vas korltok, lomveg-ablakok, stb.).
Szmos, a vroson tutaz szemlyisg szllt meg itt:
Nicolae Iorga trtnsz, George Enescu zeneszerz,
II. Kroly romn uralkod, Rabindranath Tagore, stb.
A Park szlltl tovbb indulva a stlutca vgn
az egykori Rimanczy Szll plete lthat, fld-
szintjn az egykori Royal kvhzzal, amely a vros
egyik legelegnsabb s legnpszerbb intzmnye
volt. Az egykori szlloda Krs-parti szrnyt 1892-
ben ptettk, mg a Bmer (ma Ferdinad) trre nz
szrnyat 1900-ban toldottk hozz, gyszintn eklek-
tikus stlusban, id. Rimanczy Klmn terve alapjn.
Az egykori Royal kvhz [20], ksbb Oradea, azaz 22
Nagyvrad vendgl egy vllakoznak ksznheten
ismt patinns hangulatval vrja vendgeit. Az p-
letegyttes mellett lthat a Poynr hz [21], egy
reprezentatv szecesszis plet, amelyet 1907-ben
ptettek Sztarill Ferenc terve alapjn. A kt utbbi
plet mr a Bmer (ma Ferdinnd) tren ll, amely
Nicolae Iorga romn trtnsz szerint bszke s
puccos tr, s amelyet bankpletek, palotk s a
sznhz vez. A tetrum [22] ptsi munklatai 1899.
jlius 11.-n kezddtk el, s 1900. oktber 15.-n
mr fel is avattk a bcsi Fellner s Helmer ptsz-
iroda ltal tervezett pletet. A sznhz a nagyvradi
eklektika egyik legsikerltebb kpviselje neoklas-
szicista, portikuszos fhomlokzatval, valamint osz-
lopsorval, amely egy dombormvekkel dsztett tim-
panont tart, eltte pedig kt szobor lthat.
A sznhz baloldaln az Astoria (az egykori Emke)
Szll [23] plete (1902; Tervez: Sztarill Ferenc.
Ebben ismerkedett meg 1903 szeptemberben Ady
Ldval, illetve itt szletett meg 1908-ban a Holnap
irodalmi trsasg gondolata. Vele szemben, a msik
sarkon az 1904-ben eklektikus stlusban plt, 1920-
ig Pannnia, majd 1945-ig Pallas nven mkd
egykori Transzilvnia szll [24] ll, amely ma egy
cg szkhza (Tervez Guttman Jzsef). A fldszinti
nagyterem ma is vendglknt mkdik, ez megriz-
te eredeti szecesszis dsztst.
Mellette lthat az egykori Nagyvradi Kzponti Ta-
karkpnztr [25] 1907-ben tadott plete (ma a
Romn Fejlesztsi Bank szkhza), amelynek az ifj.
Rimanczy Klmn ltal meglmodott szecesszis
stlus homlokzatbl mra mr kevs maradt meg.

2. Piaa Ferdinand / Ferdinand Square /

Ferdinand tr

26
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24 21

25 23
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Monumente istorice i arhitectonice

ale Oradiei zona central
Alegem ca punct de plecare Primria Oradea [29],
situat pe malul stng al Criului Repede, o cldire
impuntoare n stil neoclasic, avnd un turn im-
presionant ca dimensiuni i elegan. Inaugurat
la 10 ianuarie1904, dup doi ani de la demararea
construciei, Primria i-a pstrat pna azi desti-
naia. Datorit arhitectului Rimanczy Klmn s-a
realizat una dintre cele mai frumoase cldiri cu
funcie de primrie din ar, care se remarc prin
Sala mare de edine i eleganta cas a scrilor.
n faa primriei este amplasat Biserica catolic
Sf. Ladislau [30], ridicat aici ntre anii 1723-1733.
Piaa Unirii este o arie reprezentativ i pentru
diversitatea confesional a oraului. La cca. 200
m. de primrie, pe aceeai latur a pieii, se afl
Palatul Episcopiei Greco-Catolice [31] (1905, arh.
Rimanczy K. jr.) n stil eclectic, unde predomin
elementele decorative bizantine.
n imediata apropiere, pe col cu str. Iuliu Maniu
se afl Catedrala greco-catolic Sfntul Nico-
lae[32] (1806-1810, arh. Giovanni Quai). Pe ace-
eai strad, la cca. 50 m. se afl cldirea ce ad-
postete Liceul greco-catolic [33] (1925), realizat
n stilul neoromnesc. Pe partea opus a pieei se
afl Biserica cu lun [34] (1784-1790), o cldire im-
puntoare, n stil baroc clasicizant, cu turnul nalt
de 40 m; n turn a fost plasat n 1793 mecanismul
cu glob ce indic fazele lunii pe cer i care funci-
oneaz cu aceeai precizie de peste dou secole!
Continund plimbarea pe aceeai latur a pieii
ajungem la una din cele mai impuntoare i toto-
dat interesante cldiri din ora - Palatul Vulturul
Negru [35] (arh. Jakab Dezs i Marcell Komor).
Inima complexului de cldiri l constituie pasajul
central, n forma de Y, cu intrare dinspre Piaa
Unirii i ieiri spre strzile Independenei i Vasile
Alecsandri. Acest pasaj se pare c a fost inspirat de 29
celebra galerie Vittorio Emanuele din Milano. Com-
plexul, conceput cu dou faade - una spre pia i
alta spre Cri - este reprezentativ pentru stilul se-
cession, i cuprinde un hotel (recent renovat n sti-
lul original), o sal mare i una mic de spectacole,
restaurant, cafenea, cofetrie i numeroase ma-
gazine. Prsind piaa pe str. V. Alecsandri, avem
ocazia de a mai admira cteva cldiri interesante:
pe partea dreapta Palatul Moszkovits [36], la nu-
merele 7 i 11, apoi Casa Deutsch [37] (1906-1910)
la nr. 4, un bibelou de arhitectur secesionist
cu ntreaga faad decorat cu motive populare
florale (azi sediu de banc). Ajungnd la captul
strzii, intrm n Piaa 1 Decembrie: pe partea
dreapt, la cca. 50 m., putem admira unul din cele
mai reprezentative palate ordene ridicate de co-
munitatea evreiasc - Palatul Ullmann [38] (1913,
arh. F. Lobll). Construit n stil secession vienez, are
un parter nalt placat cu faian verde-albstruie,
plus 3 etaje i mansard, iar faada este decorat
cu medalioane n relief de stuc i butoni de cr-
mid. Caracteristic acestei cldiri este basorelieful
reprezentnd leul nubian i sfenicul cu apte bra-
e (menora) realizat din ceramic i smal metalic
bronz-verzui. n apropierea palatului se afl Sina-
goga ortodox [39] (1890) de pe str. Mihai Viteazul,
funcional i astzi. Pe colul opus al strzii (col
cu str. Gen. Mooiu,) se afl Mnstirea Capucini-
lor [40] i biserica mnstirii. Traversnd parcul,
pe partea opus se poate vedea o cldire masiv,
fost Hal comercial [41] (1893-1895, arh. Ri-
manczy Klmn sr.), n care a funcionat i coala
superioar comercial (azi adpostete Facultatea
de Medicin). Pe aceeai parte a pieei, n dreapta
cldirii facultii se afl o alt podoab arhitectoni-
c: Colegiul Naional Emanuil Gojdu [42], ridicat
n 1896 (arh. Knapp F.) pe malul Criului Repede, n
care a funcionat iniial coala arhireal.
Prsind piaa pe str. Independenei ctre Piaa
Unirii, pe colul stng al strzii strjuiete Casa
Fuchs [43] (1904, arh. Marcell Komor i Jakab De-
zs.), n stil secession. Puin mai departe, pe partea
dreapt a strzii strbtut de tramvaie, apare Si- 29
nagoga israelit neolog [44] (1878).

29. Turnul Primrie Oradea - Acesta are o nlime

de aproape 50 m i este prevzut cu 4 nivele princi-
pale dintre care trei de panoram.

29. The Tower Hall - It has a height of about 50

m and is equipped with four main levels of which
three have panoramic view.

29. Vroshza tornya - Ez kzel 50 mter magas,

ngy szintet tartalmaz, mely kzl hrom panor-
ms kiltssal rendelkezik.
.

28
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31 33
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro
Historical and Architectonic Monu-
ments of Oradea Central Zone
The starting point of this part is the City Hall [29],
a neoclassic building with an impressively elegant
tower situated on the left bank of the Crisul Re-
pede River. It is a massive and impressive build-
ing that combines the majestic and elegant style
with the functionality of an administrative institu-
tion: a sober facade in the neoclassical style and
a tower that evokes the Italian Renaissance and
dominates the square. Inaugurated on the 10th of
January 1904, two years after the beginning of the
construction works, the City Hall has preserved its
initial destination (architect Rimanczy Klmn).
The large Meeting hall and the impressive stair
house, decorated with frescos, are probably among
the most beautiful interiors that can be seen in a
city hall in Romania.
St. Ladislau [30], a catholic church situated oppo-
site the street, was built in 17231733. When the
construction works for the city hall began it was
suggested that the church should be moved away
in order to enlarge the square. The Unirii Square is
a representative area for the confessional diversity
of the town: 200 m from the city Hall, on the same 33
side of the square, there is the Palace of the Greek
Catholic Bishopric [31] (1905, architect Rimanczy
K. Jr.) in Eclectic Style with Byzantine decorative
elements. Next to it, at the corner with Iuliu Maniu 35
Street, we see the Greek Catholic Cathedral [32]
(1806 1810, architect Giovanni Quai), on the same
street about 50 m away, we reach the Greek Catho-
lic Highschool [33] (1925), built in a neo-romanian
style. The Moon Church [34], an Orthodox Church,
is situated on the other side of the square. It is
an impressive building, in the academic Baroque
style with a 40 m high tower; in 1793, a mechanism
with a globe showing the phases of the noon on
the sky was placed in the tower. The mechanism
has been functioning with the same precision for
more than two centuries! Following the same side
of the square, we reach one of the most beautiful
and interesting buildings from the town: the Black
Eagle Palace [35] (architects Jakab Dezs and
Marcell Komor, 1907 - 1909). The heart of this pile
is the central way passage, in the shape of the let-
ter Y, with the entrance on Unirii Sq. and the exits
on Independentei St. and on V. Alecsandri St. The
passage way seems to have been inspired by the
famous Vittorio Emanuele Gallery Milan. This pile,
designed with two facades one with the view on the
square and one on the river is representative for
the Secession Style. It included a hotel (recently
renovated in its original style), two festivity halls
(one large and small), a restaurant, a cafe, a con-
fectionery and numerous shops.
Leaving behind the square, on V. Alecsandri St.,
we have the chance to admire a few interesting
buildings; Moszkovits Palace [36] at no. 7 and 11
on the right side, then the Deutsch House [37]
(1906 1910) at no. 4, a jewel of the Secession-
ist architecture with the entire facade decorated
with folk floral motives (now the headquarters of a
bank). At the end of the street, we enter the 1 De-
cecembrie Square: on the right side, at about 50
m, we can admire one of the most representative
palaces from Oradea built by the Jewish commu-
nity the Ullmann Palace [38] (1913, arch. F. Lo-
bel). Built in the Viennese Secession style, it has a
light groundfloor sided with greenish/bluish tiles,
three floors, an attic and a facade decorated with
medallions in stucco bold relief and brick cuff links.
Representative for this building is the bas-relief of
a Nubian lion and the candlestick with seven arms
made of ceramics with bronze-greenish email. The
Orthodox Synagogue [39] (1890) on Mihai Viteazu
St. is close to this palace and it is still functional.
The Capuchin Monastery [40] and the church of
the monastery are just across the street. Crossing
the park, on the other side, we can see a massive
building, the former Commercial Hall [41] (1893
1895, architect Rimanczy Klmn senior) and the
Superior School of Commerce (today the Faculty of
Medicine). On the same side of the square, on the
right of the faculty, we can see another architec-
tural jewel: the Emanuil Gojdu National College
[42] (1896, architect Knapp F.) situated on the bank
of the river.
Leaving the Independentei Street and heading
towards the Unirii Square, on the left corner of
the street, we come across the Fuchs House [43]
(1904, architects Marcell Komor and Jakab Dezs),
in Secession style. A little bit farther, on the right
side of the street, we find the Neolog Synagogue
[44] (1878).

45. Piaa Unirii / Unirii Square / Egyesls

tere (volt Szent Lszl tr)

30
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35

45
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Memlkek s ptszet
- A vroskzpont pletei
Kiindulsi pontknt vlasszuk a Sebes-Krs
bal partjn ll vroshzt [29]. Impozns p-
let, amely a mltsgteljes elegancit tvzi egy
kzplet funkcionalitsval. Visszafogott, neo-
klasszicista homlokzatval, valamint az olasz re-
nesznszt idz tornyval uralja a teret. Az 1904.
janur 10.-n, kt v munkval elkszlt vros-
hza ma is a tervez (ifj. Rimanczy Klmn) ltal
sznt feladatot ltja el. Az lsteremnek, valamint
a falkpekkel dsztett, impozns lpcshznak
ksznheten a nagyvradi vroshza belseje min-
den bizonnyal az orszg legszebbjei kz tartozik.
A vroshzval szemben a Szent Lszl rmai
katolikus plbniatemplom [30] ll, amely 1723
s 1741 kztt plt. Tornyot 1800-ban emeltek
a templomhaj el. A Szent Lszl (ma Unirii) tr
egybknt jl tkrzi a vros felekezeti sokszn-
sgt: mintegy ktszz mterre a vroshztl,
a tr ugyanazon oldaln ll az eklektikus, grg
katolikus pspki palota [31] (1905; tervez: ifj.
Rimanczy Klmn), amelynek stlusjegyei kztt
a romn s a biznci elem az uralkod. Kzvetlen
kzelben, a Bethy dn (ma Iuliu Maniu) utca
sarkn ll a grg katolikus szkesegyhz [32]
(1800-1810), ugyanebben az utcban, mintegy t-
ven mterre pedig a Grg katolikus gimnzium
[33] (1934; tervez: Szallerbeck Antal). A tr szem-
kzti oldaln lthat a Holdas templom [34]. Az
1784 s 1790 kztt klasszicista, barokk stlusban
plt, impozns ortodox templom tornya negyven
mter magas. A toronyban 1793-ban egy gm-
bt helyeztek el, amely a Hold llst mutatja, s
amely tbb mint ktszz ve ugyanolyan pontosan
mkdik. A tr ugyanezen oldaln, folytatva stn-
kat, eljutunk a vros legimpoznsabb s legrde-
kesebb plethez, a Fekete Sas palothoz [35]. 40
Az pletkomplexum szve a kzponti, Y alak t-
jr, amelynek bejrata a Szent Lszl trrl nylik,
de ki lehet jutni rajta a Kossuth (ma Independentei)
s a Zldfa (ma Alecsandri) utckra is. Az plet-
komplexum 19071908 kztt plt Komor Marcell
s Jakab Dezs terve alapjn. A palota mintjul
valsznleg a milni Viktor Emnuel galria szol-
glt. A szecesszis stlus plet kt homlokzata
kzl az egyik a Krsre, a msik a Szent Lszl
trre nz, a kzelmltban korhen restaurlt szl-
lodnak, egy kisebb s egy nagyobb eladterem-
nek, vendglnek, kvhznak, cukrszdnak s
szmos zletnek ad otthont.
A Zldfa (ma Vasile Alecsandri) utca irnyba ha-
ladva, elhagyva a teret tovbbi rtkes pleteket
csodlhatunk meg. Jobboldalt, a 7. s 11. szm
alatt a szecesszis Moszkovits-palota [36] (1910
1911; Tervez: Vg Lszl s Vg Jzsef), majd
a Zldfa utca 4. szm alatt a Deutsch-hzat [37]
(19061910), amelyet npies virgmotvumokkal
dsztett homlokzat jellemez. Ma bankszkhzknt
mkdik. Az utca vgre rve kijutunk a Nagyvsr
(ma December 1) trre. Jobboldalt, mintegy tven
mterre az egyik legreprezentatvabb, a vros izra-
elita kzssge ltal emelt plet trul elnk: az
Ullmann-palota [38] (1913; tervez: Lbl Ferenc).
A bcsi szecesszis stlus plet homlokzatnak
als rszt kkeszld kermia bortja, egybknt
hrom emelet s manzrdszint tallhat benne.
A homlokzatot stukkval s dombormvekkel d-
sztett medalionok dsztik. Az plet egyik ismer-
tet jegye a menrt s nbiai oroszlnt brzol
domborm, amely bronz- s zldes rnyalat ke-
rmibl kszlt. A palota kzelben, a Zrda (ma
Mihai Viteazul) utcban ll az ortodox zsinagga
[39] (1890; tervez: Bach Nndor), amely ma is 38
mkdik. Az tellenben lv sarkon (Kapucinus
ma Mosoiu utca) tallhat az egykori kapucinus
zrda s templom [40]. 18361838 kztt ptettk
Barthel Gyrgy terve alapjn. tkelve a parkon, 43
annak tloldaln lthat az egykori Kereskedelmi
Csarnok [41] (18931896; tervez: Phann s Gal),
amelyben kereskedelmi iskola is mkdtt. Ma a
Nagyvradi Egyetem orvosi- s gygyszerszeti
kara tallhat benne. A tr ugyanezen oldaln, az
egyetemtl jobbra az Emanuil Gojdu Gimnzium
[42] ll, amely 1896-ban plt Knapp Ferenc tervei
alapjn llami freliskolnak. A Nagyvsr trrl
a Kossuth (ma Independentei) utcn t ismt a
Szent Lszl tr fel haladva, az utca bal oldaln,
a szecesszis stlus Fchsl-palota [43] ll (1902
1903; tervez: Blint Zoltn s Jmbor Lajos). Ki-
csit tvolabb, az utca ahol egybknt villamos is
kzlekedik jobb oldaln ll a neolg zsinagga
[44] (1878; tervez Busch Dvid).

46. Hanul Arborele Verde (1760), azi aici

funcioneaz Teatrul Arcadia pentru
copii i tineret i diverse magazine / The
Arborele Verde Inn (Green arbor), today
The Arcadia Theatre for Kids and Youth
and shops (1760) / A Zldfa fogad, ma
az Arkdia Ifjsgi s Gyermeksznhz s
zletek tallhatk benne (1760)

32
39

44

41 42

37 46
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Monumente istorice i arhitectonice

- Zone limitrofe centrului
Datorit distanelor mai mari dintre monumen-
tele propuse pe acest traseu, este recomandabil
alocarea unui interval de cca. 3-4 ore sau folosirea
autoturismului.
Alegnd ca punct de pornire magazinul Criul,
acelai ca i pentru primul traseu, ne ndreptm
pe Calea Republicii spre gara Oradea [47]. Cunos-
cut drept Gara Mare, pentru c Oradea dispunea 47
deja din sec. XIX de nc dou gri, cldirea a fost
construit ntre 1868 i 1870. n august 1870 a avut
loc prima cltorie de prob a unui tren de per-
soane pe traseul Oradea-Cluj; ineditul traseului
l-au constituit de la nceput cele 4 tuneluri aflate
pe parcurs. Prsind piaa i lsnd gara n spa-
te, parcurgem cca. 250 m. pe strdua din stnga
blocurilor situate vizavi, ajungnd n faa Palatului
Baroc [48], n fapt Palatul Episcopiei Romano-Ca-
tolice din Oradea, o replic la scar redus a Pa-
latului Belvedere din Viena. Acesta este unul din
cele mai valoroase edificii construite n stil baroc
pe teritoriul Romniei; la fel ca i celelalte dou
construcii din apropiere, Bazilica romano-catolic
Sf. Maria [49] i irul Canonicilor [50], palatul a
fost ridicat n a doua jumtate a secolului al XVIII-
lea. Cele trei obiective formeaz mpreun cel mai
important complex baroc din Romnia, precum i
unul din cele mai reprezentative ale Europei. Cele
117 camere ale palatului n form de U, ai cror
perei acoperii cu fresce au adpostit pn de
curnd Muzeul rii Criurilor, au un numr de
365 de ferestre, cte una pentru fiecare zi a anului.
Piatra de temelie a fost pus n mai 1762, arhitec-
tul cldirii fiind Franz Hillebrandt, iar lucrrile au
fost finalizate n 1776. Catedrala, realizat conform
planurilor arhitectului italian Giovanni Battista
Rica, este situat n imediata vecintate i a fost
finalizat patru ani mai trziu, n vremea domniei
mprtesei Maria Tereza. Un grup de cldiri inte-
resante l formeaz, peste drum de catedral, i-
rul canonicilor alctuit din 10 case, ridicate ntre 48
1768 i 1875 pentru a servi drept locuine capela-
nilor episcopiei; acestea sunt reunite printr-un ir
de arcade sprijinite pe 56 de stlpi, coridorul fiind
podit cu grinzi de lemn.
n imediata apropiere a complexului baroc se afl
fostul Muzeu al societii de arheologie i istorie
[51] (1896) al judeului Bihor. Urmtorul obiectiv
important l constituie cetatea Oradea, la care vom
ajunge parcurgnd str. Roman Ciorogariu spre
zona central. Pe aceast strad, avem ocazia de
a admira pe partea dreapt cldirea impuntoare
a actualului Colegiu Naional Mihai Eminescu,
ridicat n 1874, sediu al fostei Academii de drept
[52] (care funciona la Oradea deja din 1788!) i al
Liceului premonstratens (arhigimnaziul). Alturi se
afl biserica ordinului premonstratens [53] ridica-
t n1772. Cotind la dreapta dup biserica lsm
n stnga Palatul potelor [54], iar apoi la captul
strzii facem la stnga, intrnd pe str. Moscovei,
care ne ofera posibilitatea de a mai descoperi alte
monumente de interes: pe partea stng, fosta
cldire a Cercului catolic [55] (1914) care este azi
sediul Filarmonicii Oradea, iar pe colul drept al
strzii, Casele Adorjn I [56] i II [57] (1904-1906).
Ajungem astfel din nou n piaa Ferdinand, din faa
teatrului, de unde vom traversa podul peste Cri
spre Piaa Unirii, avnd ocazia s mai admirm o
dat numeroasele monumente arhitectonice aflate
aici. Continund pe direcia nainte, avem posibi-
litatea s ajungem pn la Universitatea Oradea
[58] (cca.1 km.), situat ntr-un adevrat campus, 48 49
pe locul unde s-a nlat complexul de cldiri al
unei coli de jandarmi (1912), ntr-un stil secession
sobru. Dac timpul nu ne permite aceast depla-
sare, vom coti la stnga pe lng Biserica cu Lun,
pe str. Gen. Mooiu, apoi n continuare de-a lungul
parcului din Piaa 1 Decembrie; la captul strzii
se afl cldirea noii Catedrale Ortodoxe, pe plato-
ul din faa creia putem lsa maina pentru a ne
deplasa n Cetatea Oradea [59], situat n spatele
catedralei.
Cetatea a fost ridicat ncepnd cu secolul XI i a
devenit n timp o adevrat emblem a oraului,
individualizndu-se printr-o form pentagonal
unic n Estul Europei. Dincolo de zidurile cetii
funcionau: o bibliotec, un observator astronomic,
o tiparni i o coal.
n biserica catolic [60] sau n cimitirul ei i-au
gsit odihna venic nu mai puin de apte cape-
te ncoronate: Ladislau I (decedat la 25 iulie 1095,
adus la Oradea n perioada 1130-1134), Andrei al
II-lea (nmormntat n 1235 la Oradea), tefan al II-
lea, Ladislau al IV-lea Cumanul (asasinat n 1290 la
Cheresig), regina Beatrix (soia lui Carol Robert de
Anjou, n 1319), regina Maria (soia lui Sigismund
de Luxemburg, in 1396) i regele-mprat Sigis-
mund de Luxemburg (n 1437).

34
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49
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro
51
Historical and Architectonic Monuments
- The area outside the centre
Due to the long distances between the monuments
from this route we recommend a lapse of time of 3 to
4 hours or the use of a car. The starting point of this
route is the Crisul Supermarket, just like for the first
route, but this time we take the Republicii Street to-
wards the Railway Station [47]. It is also known as the 61
Great Railway Station because Oradea had already 54
two stations in the 19th century. It was built between
1868 and 1870. The first journey of a personal train
on the route Oradea Cluj took place in August 1870.
From the beginning, the 4 tunnels from the route rep-
resented the novelty of the journey. Leaving behind
the station and the square, at about 250 m on the left 53
street, we reach the Barogue Palace [48], in fact the
Palace of the Roman Catholic Bishopric of Oradea, 52
a replica at a reduced scale of the Belvedere Pallace
in Vienna. It is one of the most significant Baroque
buildings from Romania. The palace together with the
other neighbouring buildings, the St. Mary Roman
Catholic Basilica [49] and the Canonical Row [50],
were built in the second half of the 18 th century. They
form the most important pile of Baroque buildings
from Romania and also one of the most representa-
tive from Europe. Till recently the 117 rooms of the
Palace that has the shape of the letter U and whose
walls are covered by frescos, sheltered the Tarii
Crisurilor Museum. The Palace has 365 windows, one
for each day of the year. The head stone of the Pal-
ace was laid in May 1762. Franz Hillebrandt was the
architect and the works were finalized in 1776. The
Cathedral, built according to the plans of the Italian
architect Giovanni Battista Rica, is situated in the
proximity of the Palace and it was finished four years
later, during the reign of Empress Mary Thereza. Just
across the street, an interesting group of building of
10 houses, built in 1768 1875, that served as dwell-
ings for the chaplains, form the Cannonical Row. The
houses are united by a row of archways supported by
56 pillars. The corridor is floored with wooden beams.
The Museum of History and Archeology Society [51] 57
(1896) is situated close by.
Our next sight is the Fortress of Oradea. To get there
we walk down the Roman Ciorogariu Street and head
towards the central zone. On this street we have the
chance to admire, on the right, the building of the
Mihai Eminescu National College (1874), the former
Academy of Law [52] (that functioned in Oradea
since 1788!) and the Premonstratens Highschool.
The Catholic Church [53] is next to the college and 56
it was built in 1835-1853. Then, turning right we leave
the Post Palace [54] and on the left at the end of the
street, we turn left and enter the Moscovei Street.
Here we can discover other monuments: on the left,
the former building of the Catholic Group [55] (1914)
and now the Philarmonic Orchestra of Oradea and at
the right end of the street, the Adorjan Houses I [56]
and II [57] (1904-1906). Here we are again in the Fer-
dinand Square, in front of the theatre. From here we
cross the bridge towards the Unirii Square. We can
admire one more time the numerous architectural
buildings from this zone.
Going straight ahead we get to the University of
Oradea [58] (about 1 km away) situated in a real
university campus on the place where a school of
gendarmerie once stood (1912) (Secession style). If
the time permits, we turn left at the Church with the
Moon, on Gen. Mosoiu Street, then pass by the park
on Piata 1 Decembrie Street. At the end of the street
we see the Orthodox Cathedral, still under construc-
tion. We can leave the car on the parking place, in
front of the Cathedral, and walk to the Fortress of
Oradea [59] that is right behind the Cathedral. The
works at the fortress began in the 11th century and,
in time, it has become the symbol of the town. It is
remarkable due to its pentagonal shape, unique in
Eastern Europe. Within the walls of the fortress, there
were a library, an astronomical observatory, a printing
press and a school.
The Catholic Church [60] and the cometry are the
resting place for no less then 7 royalty: Ladislau1 (de- 55
creased on July 25, and brought to Oradea in 1130-
1134 ), Andrew 2 (buried in Oradea in 1235 ), Steven
2 Ladislau 4 the curman( murdered at Cheresig in
1290), Queen Beatrix (the wife of King Carol Robert
of Anjou, in 1319), Queen Mary (the wife of Sigmund of
Luxemburg, in 1396) and the King-Emperor Sigmund
of Luxemburg (in 1437).
61. Biserica Evanghelic (1903) / The Lutheran
Church / A nagyvradi evanglikus templom
62. Biserica Reformat Oraul Nou (1835-1853)/
The Orasul Nou (New Town) Reformed Church /
Az jvrosi reformtus templom
63. Institutul Sf. Vincenziu, azi Liceul Romano-
Catolic Szent Laszl(1869) / The Saint Vince
Institute / Szent Vince intzet
64. Biserica ortodox cu hramul Sf. Arhang-
heli Mihail i Gavril (1768-1779) / The Orthodox
Church Sf. Arhangheli Mihail and Gavril / Orto-
dox templom Sf. Arhangheli Mihail i Gavril
64A. Universitatea Agora University / Agora Egyetem
64B. Palatul Rhdey Palace / Rhdey Palota (XVIII)
65. Podul Intelectualilor / The Intellectual bridge/
A Garasos hd
36
 62

63

61

64A

65

64B
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

Memlkek s ptszet
- A belvrost vez terlet
Mivel a krutunk sorn felkeresend ltnivalk vi-
szonylag nagy tvolsgra vannak egymstl, javasolt,
hogy mintegy 3-4 rt sznjunk a trra, vagy ljnk
autba.
Akrcsak az els tvonalon, itt is a Krs ruhztl in-
dulunk, s a F (ma Republicii) utcn a vastlloms
irnyba haladunk. A Nagy-llomsknt [47] ismert
plet mivel a vrosban mr a 19. szzadtl tovb-
bi kt lloms is van 1857-ben plt, majd 1902-ben
tptettk a ma is ismert formban. A Nagyvrad
Kolozsvr tvonalon 1870-ben tette meg az els pr-
bautat egy szemlyvonat; az tvonal klnlegessge,
hogy ngy alagton is thalad a szerelvny, amg clba
r.
Magunk mgtt hagyva az llomst, mintegy 250 m-
terre az plettel szemben ll tmbhzak kztti ut-
cban megrkeznk a rmai katolikus pspki palo-
thoz [48], amely a bcsi Belvedere palota kicsinytett
msa. Az 17611777 kztt, Franz Anton Hillebrand
terve alapjn ptett palota, Romnia terletn tall- 58
hat legrtkesebb barokk memlkek kz tartozik,
akrcsak a Bazilika s a Kanonok-sor.
Az utbbi hrom plet az orszg legnagyobb barokk 58A
pletegyttest alkotja, amely Eurpban is az egyik
legjelentsebb. Az U alak palota 117 szobja mely-
nek kpolnja falait freskk dsztik a kzelmltig a
Krsvidki Mzeumnak adott otthont. A palota kz-
vetlen kzelben lev szkesegyhz [49] Giovanni Bat-
tista Ricca s Franz Anton Hillebrandt tervei alapjn
kszlt 17511780 kztt.
A szkesegyhzzal szembeni rdekes pletcsoport, a
Kanonok sor [50] tz, 1750 s 1875 kztt plt provin-
cilis klasszicista stlus barokk hzbl ll. Itt laktak
a kptalan tagjai. A hzak eltt 56 oszlopon nyugv
rkdsor fut, az rkdok alatti folyost deszkaburkolat
bortja.
A barokk pletegyttes szomszdsgban, a Mze-
um utcban ll az egykori Bihar Megyei Rgszeti s
Trtnelmi Egyeslet Mzeuma [51] (1895; Tervez id.
Rimanczy Klmn).
A kvetkez jelents clpont a nagyvradi vr, amely
fel az ri (ma Roman Ciorogariu) utcn indulunk el. Itt
megcsodlhatjuk az utca jobb oldaln ll Mihai Emi- 58B
nescu Fgimnzium impozns plett, amely 1874-
ben plt, s amely korbban a Jogakadminak (ez
mr 1788 ta Nagyvradon mkdtt) s a Premontrei 66
Fgimnziumnak [52] adott otthont. Kzvetlen szom-
szdsgban ll az 17411766 kztt plt klassziciz-
l barokk stlus premontrei templom [53], amelynek
tervezje Vpi Mt plos szerzetes volt. A templom
mellett jobbra fordulva elhagyjuk a Postapalo-tt [54],
majd az utca vgn balra trve megrkeznk a Szilgyi
Dezs (ma Moscovei) utcba. Itt tovbbi rdekes ple-
teket vehetnk szemgyre: baloldalt ll az eklektikus
Katolikus Kr [55] egykori plete (1895; Tervez: ifj.
Rimanczy Klmn, 1914-ben bvtettk ki az udvari
szrnnyal Sztarill Ferenc terve nyomn), amely ma a
Nagyvradi Filharmnia szkhelye: A jobboldali sarok-
plet a szecesszis stlus Adorjn-hz [56] (1903;
Tervez: Komor Marcell s Jakab Dezs). Kzvetlen
mellette a 4. szm alatt egy jabb szecesz-szis stlus
brhz tallhat. Ez is pttetjrl Adorjn-hzknt
[57] ismert, s gyszintn Komor Marcell s Jakab De-
zs tervezte. Ily mdon ismt a Bmer (ma Ferdinnd)
trre rkeztnk, a sznhz el, ahol tkelnk a hdon,
gy ismt megcsodlhatjuk az itt ll memlkplete-
ket. Folytatva utunkat, a Nagyvradi Egyetemhez [58]
rkeznk (kb. egy kilomteres tszakasz), amely val-
di egyetemi campus kzepn ll, azon a helyen, ahol
19121913-ban egy csendriskola pletkomplexumt
alaktottk ki Vg Jzsef terve alapjn, szecesszis
stlusban. Amennyiben nem futja idnkbl erre a kit-
rre, a Holdas templom mellett balra fordulunk a Ka-
pucinus (ma Mosoiu) utcban, s egyenesen haladunk
tovbb a Nagyvsr (ma December 1) park mellett. A
park tls vgben magasodik az j pl ortodox ka-
tedrlis plete, az eltte lv parkolban ott hagyhat-
juk autnkat, hogy gyalog folytassuk utunkat a vr fel,
amely a katedrlis mgtt ll.
A vrat [59] a 11. szzadban kezdtk el pteni, s
idvel a vros jelkpv vlt. Az pletet tszg alak
alaprajza teszi klnlegess, amely Kelet-Eurpban
egyedlll. A vr falai kztt knyvtr, csillagvizsgl,
nyomda s iskola is mkdtt. A vrban ll katolikus
szkesegyhzban [60] ht uralkod tallt vgs nyug-
helyet: I. Szent Lszl (1095. jlius 25-n hunyt el, s
1130 s 1134 kztt hoztk Nagyvradra), II. Andrs
(akit 1235-ben temettek itt el), II. Istvn, IV. Kun Lszl
(akit 1290-ben a kzeli Krsszegen gyilkoltak meg),
Beatrix kirlyn (Rbert Kroly felesge, 1319), Mria
kirlyn (Luxemburgi Zsigmond felesge, 1396-ban) s
Luxemburgi Zsigmond (nmet-rmai csszr s ma-
gyar kirly, 1437).
58A. Biblioteca Univeritii / Library of the University /
Az egyetem knyvtra
58B. Sala de sport a Univeritii / Sportshall of the
University / Az egyetem sportcsarnoka
59A. Parcul Dendrologic Cetate / The Arboretum
from Oradea Fortress / A nagyvradi vr arbortuma
66. Garnizoana (1898), viitorul sediu al Muzeului
rii Criurilor / The future Tarii Crisurilor Muse-
um / A Honvd Hadaprd iskola (ma a Krsvidki
Mzeum szkhza)

38
59

59

60

59 59A
Oradea
Nagyvrad

67. Muzeul memorial Iosif Vulcan (1887) / Iosif

Vulcan Museum / A Iosif Vulcan Mzeum
68. Spitalul Orenesc (1806) / The town hospital/
A vrosi krhz (Bihar Megyei Kzkrhz)
69. Fostul sediu al Lojei Masonice Regele Ladislau,
astzi sediul Direciei Regionale a Vmilor (1901) /
Former house of the Ladislau King`s Freemasons
Lodge / I. Lszl Kirly Szabadkmvespholy (ma
a terleti vmigazgatsg szkhza) 67
70. Cldirea Institutului de Credit i Economii Bi-
horeana (1912-1914) / Credit House Bihoreana/
A volt Bihoreana Takarkpnztr plete 68
71. Mnstirea Immaculata, azi Grupul colar
Sanitar Vasile Voiculescu (1860-1870) / Immaculata
Monastery / Immaculata Zrda
72. Camera de comer i industrie (1908) azi Com-
pania de ap) / The former Chamber of Commerce
and Industry / A Gazdasgi s Iparkamara volt
plete
73. Biblioteca Gheorghe incai (2002-2007)/
County Library (2002-2007)/ A volt megyei knyvtr
74. Vila Okanyi-Schwartz fost sediu al Camerei de
comer i industrie (1911) / Okanyi-Schwartz house/
Az Okanyi-Schwartz villa
75. Muzeul memorial Aurel Lazr (1905) / Aurel
Lazr Museum / Aurel Lazr emlkmzeum
76. Muzeul Militar Naional (1895)/ National Milli-
tary Museum / Katonai Mzeum
77. Casa Lvay (1894) / Lvay House/ A Lvay hz
78. Casa Darvas La Roche (1910-1911) / Darvas La
Roche house / A Darvas La Roche hz
79. Casa de Pstrare i Economii (1880-1990) / Sav-
ing bank / Takarkpnztr
80. Capela Sf. Ladislau (1900) / Saint Laszl chapel/
A Szent Lszl kpolna
69

71

72

70 73

40
74

75

78

79

76

80

77
Oradea
Nagyvrad

42
Oradea
Nagyvrad

81. Biserica seminarului greco-catolic, azi biserica

ortodox Sf. Mare Mucenic Gheorghe (1858) / The
church of the Greek-Catholic Seminar / A Szemi-
nriumi templom
82. Biserica reformat Olosig (1784) / The Olosig
Reformed Church / Az Olaszi reformtus templom
83. Mnstirea i biserica franciscan Adormirea
Maicii Domnului (1994) / The Greek-Catholic Mo-
nastery / A grg katolikus kolostor s templom
84. Biserica Municipal a Oradiei cu hramul
Naterea Mariei - Biserica Militar (Sec. XVII) /
Nasterea Mariei Orthodox Church / A megyeszk-
hely ortodox temploma
85. Biserica reformat Olosig din cartierul Rogerius
(1996-2005) / Olosig Reformed Church / A vrad-
rogriuszi reformtus templom
86. Capela Rhdey (1804) / The Rhdey chapel / A 81 82
Rhdey-kpolna
87. Biserica de lemn Sf. Martiri Constantin Brnco-
veanu i fii si (1760-1762 Letca Slaj) / Wooden 83
Church / A nagyvradi Egyetemnl lv fatemplom
88. Turnul i biserica reformat din Episcopia (1732-
1764) / The tower and the Reformed Church from
Episcopia / A biharpspki reformtus templom s
tornya
89. Biserica baptist (1912-1913) / The Baptist
Church / Baptista templom
90. Biserica romano-catolic Sf. Treime (1727) / The
Holy Trinity Roman-Catholic Church / A szllsi
Szenthromsg rmai katolikus plbniatemplom
91. Biserica ortodox Sf. Ierarh Nicolae - Biserica
Albastr (1938-1952) / Sf. Ierarh Nicolae Orthodox
Church / Rogriuszi ortodox templom
92. Biserica de lemn Sf. Mare Mucenic Gheorghe
(1998)/Ortodox Wooden Church / Ortodox fatemplom
93. Biserica baptist Emanuel - a doua ca mrime
din Europa / Emanuel Baptist Church / Emanuel
baptista templom, msodik legnagyobb Eurpban
94. Mnstirea Sfintei Cruci (1992) / Holy Cross Or-
thodox Monastery / A Szent Kereszt ortodox kolostor

84

85

88

86

44
 91

89 90 92

93

87

94
Oradea
Nagyvrad

95. Universitatea Emanuel /University / Emanuel

Egyetem
96. Universitatea Cretin Partium /Partium
Christian University / Partiumi Keresztny Egyetem
97. Sediul Inspectoratului de Poliie Judeean Bihor/
Police Headquaters / A Bihar Megyei Rendrsg
szkhelye
98. Seminarul greco-catolic (1844-1928) / The Greek-
Catholic seminary / A grg-katolikus fi iskola
99. Inspectoratul de Stat n Construcii / State Construction
Inspectorate / Orszgos ptsi Ffelgyelsg
100. Agenia de Protecie a Mediului / Environmental 95
Protection Agency / Krnyezetvdelmi Igazgatsg
101. Centrul de Excelen NATO HUMINT / NATO
Centre of Excellence / NATO Kzpont 96
102. Institutul Sfntul Iosif, azi Inspectoratul colar
(1867-1868) / Saint Joseph Institute / Szent Jzsef
Intzet (ma tanfelgyelsg)
103. Camera de comer i industrie / The Chamber of
Commerce and Industry / A Gazdasgi s Iparkamara
plete
104. Aeroportul Oradea / Airport / Repltr
105. Casa de Cultur a Sindicatelor / Sindicate`s
Culture House / Szakszervezetek Mveldsi Hza
106. Biblioteca Judeean Gheorghe incai/
County Library / A megyei knyvtr
107. Liceul Teologic Penticostal Betel i Centrul
Cretin Salem
108. Administraia Financiar Oradea / Financial
Administration Oradea / Adhivatal
109. Spitalul Clinic de Neurologie i Psihiatrie
(1902-1903) / Neuro Hospital / Ideg s Pszichitriai
krhz
110. Maternitatea / Maternity / Szlszet
111. Spitalul judeean / County Hospital / A Megyei korhz
112. Spitalul Clinic Municipal Gavril Curteanu
(1965-1969) / Hospital / A Gavril Curteanu krhz
113. Inspectoratul pentru Situaii de Urgen Criana 99
/ Inspectorate for Emergency Situations / Criana
Orszgos Katasztrfavdelemi Felgyelsg
97 98 100

103

101 102

46
104
109

105

106 110

107

111

112

108

113
Oradea
Nagyvrad
114. Bazinul Olimpic Ioan Alexandrescu - cea mai
modern din Romnia/ The Olympic Swimming pool
- the most modern in Romania / Ioan Alexandrescu
olimpiai uszoda - a legkorszerbb Romniban
4. Jacques Rogge, preedintele CIO, primete titlul de Doc-
tor Honoris Causa a Universoitii Oradea
401. Oradea City Running Day
115. Stadionul tineretului (Oraului) -1900 - / Tineretului
Stadium / A Tineretului stadion
116. Stadionul Municipal Iuliu Bodola / The Iuliu
Bodola City stadium / A Bodola Gyula vrosi stadion
117. Arena Antonio Alexe (1973)
117B. Gala Atletismului Bihorean / Bihari atltikai gla
118. Strandul Municipal / Municipal lido / A vrosi strand 114
119. Strandul Ioia / Iosia lido / Az ssi strand
120. Orelul Copiilor / Kids Town / Gyermekvros
402. C.S. Sntatea 5 115
403. Iron Man
401.

116

117 117B

48
 118

402.
120

403.

119
Oradea
Nagyvrad
www.oradea.ro
www.nagyvarad.ro

121. Galeria Euro Foto Art

122. Galeria de Arte Vizuale
123. Ansamblul Artistic Profesionist Criana / Crisana
Artistic Professional Ensemble/ A Crisana nptnc
egyttes
124. Ansamblul Artistic Profesionist Nagyvrad /
Nagyvrad Artistic Professional Ensemble /
A Nagyvrad nptnc egyttes
125 Scen la Teatrul Regina Maria (trupa Iosif Vulcan)
/ Scene at the Theatre / Iosif Vulcan sznsztrsulat
eladsa
126. Spectacol la Teatrul Arcadia / Scene at the Arcadia 121 122
Theatre / Elads az Arkdia Sznhzban
127. Scen la Teatrul Szigligeti / Scene at the Theatre /
Szigligeti sznhz eladsa 123 124
128. Cvartetul Intermezzo
129. Cvartetul Varadinum
130. Concert jazz-rock (Balogh Joe, Marius Pop, Bader
Oliver Robert)
131. Metropol - legendara trup a anilor `70 / Metropol -
the legendary rock band of the 70s / A 70-es vek legends
rock csapata, a nagyvradi Metropol
132. Concert rock cu trupa ordeanului Dutka Andrs /
Rock concert with Andras Dutka`s band / Rock koncert
Dutka Andrs egyttesvel
133. Concert A.G. Weinberger
134. Celelalte Cuvinte - legendara trup a anilor `80/ Cele-
lalte Cuvinte - the legendary rock band of the 80`s / A 80-es
vek legends rock csapata, a Celelalte Cuvinte
135. Filarmonica Oradea
136. Rockfilamonica Oradea (Florian Chelu)
137. Spectacol a colii de Arte Francisc Hubic
/ Francisc Hubic School of Arts / Francisc Hubic
Mvszeti iskola eladsa

125 126 127

128 129

50
130

131 132

133

135

134

137 136
Oradea
Nagyvrad

138. TOP Expo

139. Toamna Ordean / Oradea`s Fall / Nagyvradi sz
140. Goran Bregovic pe scena Toamnei Ordene / Goran
Bregovic at the scene of Oradea`s Fall / Goran Bregovic a
nagyvradi sz Fesztivl szinpadn
141 Festum Varadinum
142. Carnavalul Florilor / Flowers Carnival / Virg
karnevl
143. Majlis
144. Trgul Meterilor Populari / Fair of the Craftsmen /
Npmvszeti vsr 138
145. Serbrile Cetii / Fortress Fest / Vr napok
139 140

141 142 143

144 145
O R A E

C I T I E S
V R O S O K
Aled
lesd
www.alesd-bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1291 villa Elusd
Oraul Aled este situat pe drumul european
E60, la circa 38 km est de municipiul Oradea.

Localiti componente: Aled (1291), Pdurea

Neagr (1954), Peti (1302, Pestus), Tinud
(1219, villa Tinod).
Nr. de locuitori: 10.757

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:

biserica ortodox Tinud (sec XVII), biserica
ortodox de lemn Peti (sec.XVIII), cetatea
Piatra oimului Peti (sec XIII), castelul
Batthynyi (1894), azi spitalul Aled.
Srbtori populare cmpeneti i evenimente
socio-culturale din zon:
Trgul de var Aledana.
Elemente peisagistice:
Gruiul Pietrii, locul fosilier din Valea Lionii.

Documentary testimony
1291 villa Elusd
1
Aled is located in the eastern part of Bihor
county, near the border with Cluj county, at a
distance of 38 km from Oradea. 3
Villages around: Aled (1291), Pdurea Neagr 2
(1954), Peti (1302, Pestus),
Tinud (1219, villa Tinod).
No. of inhabitans: 10.757

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Orthodox Church from Tinud (the XVIIth
century), the wooden Orthodox Church from
Peti (the XVIIIth century), the Piatra
oimului fortress from Peti (the XIIIth cen-
tury), the Poiana Florilor castle (the XIXth cen-
tury), the Batthynyi castle (1894), which today
hosts the Aled hospital.
Folklore and socio-cultural habits:
Aled summer fair.
Sightseeing:
Gruiul Pietrii, fossil findingplace in Valea Lionii.

Els okleveles emlts 4

1291 villa Elusd

lesd, az E60-as eurpai t mentn

fekszik, Nagyvradtl 38 km-re, keletre.

Hozz tartoz teleplsek: lesd (1291),

Feketeerd (1954), Krspestes (1302, Peti),
Tind (1219, villa Tinod).
Lakosok szma: 10.757

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

Tind - Ortodox templom (XVII. szzad), Pestesi
ortodox fatemplom (XVIII. szzad), Slyomk
vra Krspestes (XIII. szzad), Flrart
kastly (XIX. szzad), Batthynyi kastly (1894),
amely ma az lesdi krhz plete.
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
lesdi nyri vsr.
Szp tjak:
a lugosi Kliget (Gruiul Pietrii) s kvlet lelhely
(Valea Lionii).

1. Castelul Zichy de la Poiana Florilor (sec. XIX)/

The Poiana Florilor Zichy castle / Magaslaki
Zichy kastly, ma kolostor
2. Blazonul familiei Zichy / Crest of Zichy family /
A Zichy csald cmere
3. Peti-Ruinele cetii Piatra oimului / The
ruins of the Piatra oimului fortress / Slyomk
vra Pestes
4. Poiana Florilor - Biserica de lemn / The
Wooden Orthodox Church from Poiana Florilor
/ Magaslak- ortodox fatemplom
5. Biserica romano-catolic / The Roman-Catho-
lic church / Rmai katolikus templom
6. trandul Aled / Alesd lido / Az lesdi strand
7. Ctitorul bisericii din Tinud / Founder of the 5
church from Tinaud / A tindi ortodox temp-
lom alaptja
8. Vedere din centru / Downtown of Aled / lesd
kzpontja 6 7
9. Castelul Batthyny-Bethlen (sec. XIX) - azi
Spitalul Municipal / Batthyny-Bethlen castle /
Batthyny-Bethlen-kastly
10. Casa Ltai (Finaele Aled)/ The Ltai house /
A Ltai hz - 1910
11. Pdurea Neagr - fosta fabrica de sticl / The
former glass manufactory / A volt veggyr
12. Peti - biserica ortodox de lemn (1797) /
The Wooden Orthodox Church from Peti / A
pestesi ortodox fatemplom
13. Sculptur - Pieta / Pieta / Pita
14. Tinud - biserica ortodox (1659) / Orthodox
Church from Tinud / Tind - ortodox templom
15. Aled - Biserica reformat (1906) / The Re-
formed Church / Az lesdi reformtus templom
16. Aled - Biserica ortodox / Orthodox Church /
Ortodox templom
54
 8 9

13

11

10 12

14 13 15

16
Beiu
Belnyes
www.beius.ro
Atestare documentar
1270 Benenus, Belynes,
Belenjnes
Oraul Beiu este situat la 63 km de
Oradea pe drumul european E76, pe
direcia sudest. Este aezat pe malul
drept al Criului Negru i strbtut de afluentul
acestuia - Valea Nimieti. La 25 km se afl sta-
iunea climateric Stna de Vale, situat la alti-
tudinea de 1100 m, una dintre cele mai renumite
staiuni montane de odihn din Romnia.

Localiti componente: Beiu(1270 Beneus), Delani

(1828 Gyaln)
Nr. de locuitori: 10.985
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:
biserica ortodox Sf. Dimitrie (1927), Casina Ro-
man (1871), coala Civil de Fete (1890), In-
ternatul pavelian de fete (1900), liceul Samuil
Vulcan (1828, 1899), biserica romano-catolic
Sf. Treime (1752), biserica reformat (1780-1782)
i biserica ortodox Sf. Arhangheli Mihail i Gavril
(1738) Beiu.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale:
Zilele municipiului i Trgul sptmnal din fie-
care joi.

Documentary testimony
1270 Benenus, Belynes, Belenjnes
Beiu is situated at a distance of 63 km from
Oradea on the E76 European road. The Criul
Negru river borders the town at a side, and one 2
of the river-channels (Valea Nimieti) flows
through it. Stna de Vale resort lies 25 km from
here, at a height of 1100 m. It is one of the most
famous mountain resorts of the country. 3

Villages around: Beiu (1270 Beneus), Delani (1828

Gyaln)
No. of inhabitans: 10.985
Historical and architectural monuments:
The Sf. Dimitrie Orthodox Church (1927), The
Roman Casina (1871), Girlsschool (1890), The
Pavelian boarding school for girls (1900), The
Samuil Vulcan highschool (1828, 1899), The
Sf. Treime Roman-Catholic church (1752),
the Reformed Church (1780-1782) and the Sf.
Arhangheli Mihail and Gavril Orthodox Church
(1738) Beiu.

Els okleveles emlts

1270 Benenus, Belynes, Belenjnes
Belnyes 63 km-re fekszik Nagyvradtl dlke-
letre, az E 76-os eurpai mt mentn, a Fekete-
Krs jobb partjn. A teleplst tszeli a foly
egyik ga, a Nyimesd vlgyt alkotva. 25 km-re
1
innen emelkedik Biharfred, amely 1100 mter ma-
gasan tallhat s Romnia egyik legnevesebb heg-
yvidki dlhelye. 4
Hozz tartoz teleplsek: Belnyes (1270 Beneus),
Gyaln (1828 Gyaln)
Lakosok szma: 10.985
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:
Szent Demeter ortodox templom (1927), rmai
Casina (1871), Polgri Lenyiskola (1890), Lenybent-
laks (1900), Samuil Vulcan Gimnzium (1828, 1899),
Szenthromsg rmai katolikus templom (1752),
reformtus templom (1780-1782), Szent Mihly s
Gbriel Arkangyalok ortodox temploma (1738).

1. Beiu - vedere aerian / Aerial view / Bel-

nyes madrtvlatbl
2. Casina Romn (1871)
3. Biserica ortodox de lemn (2007) / The
Orthodox Wooden Church / Ortodox
fatemplom 5
4. Biserica reformat (1780) / The Reformed
Church / Reformtus templom
5. Biserica romano-catolic Sfnta Treime
(1752) / The Sfnta Treime Roman-Catho-
lic church/ Szenthromsg rmai katolikus
templom
6. Muzeul de istorie i etnografie / Museum /
Npmvszeti Mzeum
7. coala general Nicolae Popoviciu / The
Nicolae Popoviciu Elementary school /
Nicolae Popoviciu ltalnos Iskola
8. Interior restaurant / Restaurant inside /
tterem udvara
9. Biserica ortodox din deal / Orthodox
Church from the hill / Ortodox templom
10. Delani - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Gyalny madrtvlatbl
11. Casa Ioan Ciorda, azi Grup colar Ioan
Ciorda / Ioan Ciorda house, today high
School / Ioan Ciorda hz, ma iskola
12. Placa memorial / Memorial plaque /
Emlktbla
13. trandul Beiu / Lido / Strand
14. Colegiul Naional Samuil Vulcan / The
Samuil Vulcan National College / Samuil
Vulcan Fgimnzium
15. Biserica ortodox Sfntul Dimitrie (fost
greco-catolic) / The Sf. Dimitrie Orthodox
Church / Szent Demeter ortodox templom
16. Nunt n biserica ortodox Sfntul Dimi-
trie / Wedding / Eskv a Szent Demeter
ortodox templomban
56
 7

9 10

11

12 13

14 15 16
Marghita
Margitta
www.marghita.ro

Atestare documentar
1216 villa Margneta

Municipiul Marghita, unul din cele

mai tinere centre urbane din Rom-
nia, se afl n nord-vestul judeului
Bihor, la 58 km de Oradea i la numai 30 km de
frontiera cu Ungaria.
Localiti componente: Marghita, Che (1397
Kech), Ghenetea (1345 Ghenethe).
Nr. de locuitori: 17.175 2
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:
biserica romano-catolic Sf. Maria (1772),
biserica reformat (sec. XVI-XVIII) i castelul
Csky (sec. XVIII) Marghita.
Obiective turistice: Drumul Crucii Golgota
Principalul punct turistic din ora este trandul
termal, cu hotel i camping, atrgnd anual
sute de turiti din toat ara i folosind apa
geotermal n scop balnear.

Documentary testimony
1216 villa Margneta

Marghita town, one of the youngest urban cen-

tres from Romania, located at the north-western
part of Bihor county at a distance of 58 km from
Oradea, 30 km from the Hungarian border.

Villages around: Marghita, Che (1397 Kech),

Ghenetea (1345 Ghenethe).
No. of inhabitans: 17.175

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Maria Roman-Catholic church (1772),
the Reformed Church (XVI-XVIII) and the Csky
Castle (XVIII) Marghita. 1
Tourism: Cross Road Golgota. The most impor-
tant touristic attraction of the town is the thermal
spa with hotel and camping, hosting hundreds of
tourists every year from all over the country. It is 4
famous for the geothermal water with healing
qualities.
3
Els okleveles emlts
1216 villa Margneta
5
Margitta, Romnia egyik legfiatalabb megyei
rang vrosa, Bihar megye szaknyugati
rszn terl el, Nagyvradtl 58 km-re, s
csupn 30 km-re Magyarorszg hatrtl.
Hozz tartoz teleplsek: Margitta, Kc (1397
Kech), Genyte (1345 Ghenethe).
Lakosok szma: 17.175
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:
Mria rmai katolikus templom (1772), Reform-
tus templom (XVI-XVIII. szzad) s a Csky kastly
(XVIII. szzad).
Turisztikai ltvnyossgok: A Klvria. A vros
legfontosabb turisztikai ltestmnye a szl-
lodval s kempinggel elltott termlfrd,
amely vente tbb szz turistt vonz az orszg
terletrl, de klfldrl is. A frd hvize
gygyhats.

6
1. Biserica reformat (1630) / The Reformed
Church / A reformtus templom
2. Che - biserica ortodox Adormirea
Maicii Domnului / Orthodox Church / Kci
ortodox templom
3. Biserica greco-catolic / The Greek-Cath-
olic church / Grg katolikus templom
4. Primria oraului Marghita (sec. XVI)/ Town
Hall / Margittai Polgrmesteri Hivatal
5. Colegiul Naional Octavian Goga / Na-
tional College / Fgimnzium
6. Vedere aerian / Aerial view / Lgi felvtel
7. trandul cu ap termal / Thermal spa /
Termlfrd
8. Zilele Marghitei / Marghita Days / Vros
napok.
9. Drumul Crucii / The Cross Way / A kereszt
tja
10. Biserica romano-catolic (1722) / The
Roman-Catholic church / Rmai katolikus
templom
11. Biserica ortodox Ghenetea /
The Orthodox Church / Ortodox templom
12. Vedere aerian / Aerial view / Margitta
madrtvlatbl
13. Judectoria Marghita / Law court/
Brsg
14. Ghenetea - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Genyte madrtvlatbl
15. Bustul Dr. Pop Mircea (1927-1990)
58 / Statue of Dr. Pop Mircea / Dr. Pop
Mircea szobra
7 8 15

9 10 11

12 13

14
Nucet
Difs
www.primarianucet.ro

Oraul Nucet este situat la poalele munilor

Bihor, n pitoreasca depresiune a Beiuului,
la 12 km de oraul tei i 93 de km de Oradea.
Din Nucet, pe oseaua DN75, turitii pot ajun-
ge n zona Arieeni Vrtop, punct de plecare
ctre numeroase obiective de interes: Poarta
Bihorului, Groapa Ruginoas (rezervaii geo-
logice), Valea Sighitelului i prtiil de schi de
la Arieeni i Vrtop.

Localiti componente: Nucet, Bia (1585

Rzbnya), Bia Plai
Nr. de locuitori: 2.394

Monument istoric: biserica romano-catolic

Sfnta Maria Mic (1780) Bia.
Elemente peisagistice: Poarta Bihorului,
Groapa Ruginoas (rezervaii geologice).

Nucet town is located at the feet of the Bihor 4 5

Mountains in the beautiful Beius Depression
at a distance of 12 km from tei and 93 km
from Oradea. From Nucet the DN75 national
road leads the tourists to the Arieeni Vr-
top region, which is a starting point for many
interesting sights: Poarta Bihorului, Groapa
Ruginoas (geological reservations), Valea
Sighitelului and ski slopes in Arieeni.

Villages around: Nucet, Bia (1585 Rzbnya),

Bia Plai
No. of inhabitans: 2.394

Historical monument: the St. Maria Mic

Roman-Catholic church (1780) Bia.
Sightseeing: Poarta Bihorului cave, Groapa
Ruginoas The Rust-Coloured Pit

Difs a Bihari Hegysg lbnl fekv tel-

epls, a festi belnyesi medence szv-
ben 12 km-re Vaskohsziklstl s 93 km-re
Nagyvradtl. Difsrl, a DN75-s orszg-
ton megkzelthet a Vrtop hg, ahon-
nan trzni lehet a Bihar-kapuhoz, a Rozs-
daszakadkhoz (geolgiai rezervtum) s az
ottani splykhoz. 8
Hozz tartoz teleplsek: Difs, Rzbnya
(1585 Rzbnya), Bia Plai.
Lakosok szma: 2.394

Trtnelmi rksg: Kisboldogasszony rmai

katolikus templom (1780) Rzbnyn.

1. Satul de vacan Vrtop - Prtia Piatra

Gritoare / Vartop holiday willage
- Piatra Gritoare ski splope/ Vertop
vakcis falu - Piatra Gritoare splya
2. Satul de vacan Vrtop / Vartop holi-
day willage / Vrtop vakcis falu
3. Biserica romano-catolic Sfnta Ma-
ria Mic Bia (1780) / The Roman-
Catholic church / Rmai katolikus
templom
4. Primria oraului Nucet / The Town
Hall / Difsi Polgrmesteri Hivatal
5. Bia Plai - intrare la mina de uraniu /
Uranium mine entrance / Urnbnya
bejrat
6. Satul de vacan Vrtop / Vartop holi-
day willage / Vrtop vakcis falu
7. Biserica ortodox din curtea Spitalului
de Psihiatrie Nucet / The Orthodox
Church from The Psychiatric Hospital
/ Ortodox templom a Pszichitriai
Krhz udvarn
8. Bia / Bia / Rzbnya
9. Satul de vacan Vrtop - Prtia Piatra
Gritoare / Vartop holiday willage
- Piatra Gritoare ski splope/ Vertop
vakcis falu - Piatra Gritoare splya
10. Biserica ortodox din Nucet/ The Or-
thodox Church / Ortodox templom
11. Petera Porile Bihorului / Porile
Bihorului Cave / Biahr kapuja barlang
60
 3

9 10

11
 Salonta
Nagyszalonta

www.salonta.net
www.salonta.ro
Atestare documentar
2
1332 sacerdos de villa Zalancha

Municipiul Salonta, al doilea ca

numr de locuitori din judeul Bihor dup mu-
nicipiul Oradea, este aezat n extremitatea
vestic a rii, lng grania cu Ungaria (punct
de trecere a frontierei la distan de 15 km), la
40 km sud de Oradea.

Nr. de locuitori: 18.137

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:
Turnul Ciunt (sec. XVII). Cltorul aflat n Sa-
lonta se poate opri n casele ce au aparinut
poeilor Arany Jnos, Sinka Istvn i Zilahy Lajos,
poate depune o floare la statuile acestora sau
a revoluionarului paoptist Kossuth Lajos sau
poate admira Turnul Ciunt ori Palatul Arany
care adpostete Biblioteca oreneasc Teo-
dor Ne i o galerie de art. Demne de interes
sunt i bisericile oraului i cldirea Primriei.

Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de villa Zalancha
3
Salonta is the second largest settlement from
Bihor county, after Oradea, and it is loca- 1
ted at the western part of the country near the
Hungarian border.

No. of inhabitans: 18.137

Historical and architectural monuments:
The Truncated Tower (XVII).
The visitors of Salonta can see the memo-
rial houses of Arany Jnos, Sinka Istvn and
Zilahy Lajos, the statue of Kossuth Lajos, the
Truncated Tower and the Arany Palace
which hosts the Teodor Ne library and an
art gallery. The building of the Town Hall, and
the churches are also very interesting.

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de villa Zalancha
Nagyszalonta a lakosok szmt tekint-
ve Bihar megye msodik legnagyobb te-
leplse Nagyvrad utn. A vros az or-
szg legnyugatibb pontjn fekszik, kzel
Magyarorszg hatrhoz (15 km. tvolsgra a
hatrtkeltl).

Lakosok szma: 18.137

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:
Csonkatorony (XVII. szzad), Arany Jnos Em-
lkmzeum, amely a feljtott Csonkatoronyban
van, Sinka Istvn, Zilahy Lajos szlhza, Kos-
suth Lajos kztri szobra. Az Arany Palotban
kapott helyet a Teodor Ne vrosi knyvtr, va-
lamint egy mvszeti galria. A ltnivalk kztt
szmos templomot s a vroshza plett is
megemlthetjk.

1. Turnul Ciunt (1636) / The Truncated

Tower/ Csonkatorony
2. Salonta n Cartea Recordurilor Guiness, cu
cea mai mare cantitate de gula, gtit n
acelai recipient / Guinness World Record -
The biggest Gulas / Gulys fzs vilgrekord
Nagyszalontn 11 12
3. Muzeul Arany Jnos / Museum / Mzeum
4. Biserica ortodox Pogorrea Sfntului Duh,
fost greco-catolic (1933 - 1937)/ Orthodox 13
Church / Ortodox templom
5. Preedintele Slovaciei, Ivan Gasparovici, n
vizit la Consulatul Onorific al Republicii
Slovace / President of Slovakia visiting the
Honorifc Consulate of the Slovak Republic/
Ivan Gasparovici, a szlovk elnk, a Bihar
megyei Szlovk Konzultusnl
6. Biserica ortodox (1931) i statuia lui Avram
Iancu / The Orhodox Church and the Avram
Iancu statue / A z orthodox templom s Avram
Iancu Szobra
7. Monumentul Bocskai / The Bocskai monu-
ment / Bocskai emlkszobor
8. Biserica baptist (1903) / The Baptist Church /
Baptista templom
9. Biserica reformat (1750)/ The Reformed
Church / Reformtus templom
10. Statuia Kosuth Lajos (1901) / Statue / Kosuth
Lajos Szobor
11. Primria oraului Salonta (1906) / Town Hall /
Polgrmesteri Hivatal
12. Biserica romano-catolic (1875) / The Roman-
Catholic Church / Rmai katolikus templom
13. Salonta vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Nagyszalonta madrtvlatbl
14. Statuia lui Arany Jnos (1907) / Statue / Arany
Jnos szobra
15. Teodor Ne - bust / Statue / Teodor Ne szobra
16. Casa memorial Arany Jnos / Arany Jnos
memorial house / Arany Porta
17. Strand / Lido / Strand
62 18. Gara Salonta / Railway Station /
Vastlloms
 4

5 6 7

8 9

10

14

16

15

18 17
Scueni
Szkelyhd
www.sacueni.ro
www.szekelyhid.ro

Atestare documentar
1214 Sashad
Cel mai nou ora al judeului Bihor, se afl pe
drumul naional 19, ce leag Oradea de Satu
Mare, la 40 km nord fa de Oradea. Este nod
feroviar al cilor ferata Oradea Satu Mare i
Scueni - imleul Silvaniei; din anul 2004 punct
de trecere a frontierei cu Ungaria.
Localiti componente: Scueni (1214 Sashad),
Cadea (1270 villa Kaga), Olosig (1294 Enlolazy),
Cubulcut (1294 Kubulkut), Ciocaia (1338 villa
Chokol), Snnicolau de Munte (1294 Sanctus
Nicolaus).
Nr. de locuitori: 11.599
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:
Curie nobiliar (Casa Fnyes, sec. XVIII) Ciocaia;
Biserica reformat (sec. XVIII); Biserica romano-
catolic Sf. Maria Imaculata (1711-1768) i Pa-
latul Studenberg (sec. XVIII) Scueni.
Elemente peisagistice: Parcurile dendrologice
Cadea i Scueni, lacul vrgat Cico
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: Manifestarea
anual Toamn pe Valea Ierului (prima smbt 1
i duminic din luna octombrie) Scueni.
trandurile termale de la Scueni i Snnicolau
de Munte sunt cunoscute n toat Transilvania.

Documentary testimony
1214 Sashad
Scueni lies along the E 671 road, linking Oradea
Satu Mare, 42 km from Oradea. It is a junction
of Oradea Satu Mare and Scueni imleul Sil-
vaniei railway lines and from 2004 is a public road
crossing point with Hungary.

Villages around: Scueni (1214 Sashad), Cadea

(1270 villa Kaga), Olosig (1294 Enlolazy), Cubulcut
(1294 Kubulkut), Ciocaia (1338 villa Chokol), Sni-
colau de Munte (1294 Sanctus Nicolaus).
No. of inhabitans: 11.599
Historical and architectural monuments:
the Reformed Church (18th century), the Roman-
Catholic church (1711-1768), the Stubenberg Castle
(18th century) today primary schoool, the Fenyes
House (18th century)
Sights: the Cicos lake, the dendrological parks
from Cadea and Scueni. 4 5
Events: every year is held The Ermelleki Osy (Er
region Autumn) festival. The thermal baths from
Scueni and Sannicolau de Munte are well-known
all over Transylvania. 8 9

Els okleveles emlts

1214 Sashad

Szkelyhd az rmellken, Nagyvradtl 40

km-re szakra fekszik, a 19-es fton. A Nagy-
vrad-Szatmrnmeti s a SzkelyhdSzilgy-
somly vastvonal csompontja s 2004-tl ro-
mn-magyar hatrtkelhely.

Hozz tartoz teleplsek: Szkelyhd (1214

Sashad), Nagykgya (1270 villa Kaga), rolaszi
(1294 Enlolazy), rkblkt (1294 Kubulkut),
Csokaly (1338 villa Chokol), Hegykzszentmikls
(1294 Sanctus Nicolaus).
Lakosok szma: 11.599
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a XV. (XVII)
szzadi gtikus reformtus templom, a XVII. szza-
di barokk rmai katolikus templom, a Stubenberg
kastly, a pincesor, a turulmadaras millenniumi
emlkm, a Rkczi-, Petfi- s Ady emlktblk,
a csokalyi Fnyes Elek emlkpark, a Cskos t. A 17
szkelyhdi s a hegykzszentmiklsi termlstrand
Erdly szerte ismert. Az rmellki sz kulturlis
versenynek (szeptember els htvgjn) s az
rmellki Borversenynek tz ves, nagysiker ha-
gyomnya van.
1. Vedere aerian / Aerial view / Madrtvlatbl
2. Palatul Dietrichstein-Stubenberg (XVIII) / Palace /
Dietrichstein - Stubenberg kastly
3. Pivnie (Drumul vinului) / Wine cellars / Pincesor
(Sst)
4. Primria oraului Scueni / Town Hall / Szkelyhdi
Polgrmesteri Hivatal
5. Cadea - fosta reedin a familiei contelui Pongrcz
Jen (1820) / Lnyai-Pongrcz castle / Nagykgyai
Lnyai-Pongrcz kastly
6. Biserica reformat Ciocaia (1724-1725) /
The Reformed Church / A csokalyi reformtus
templom 16
7. Casa de Cultur Scueni / The Cultural House /
Kultrotthon
8. Biserica reformat Cubulcut (1730) / Reformed Church/
rkblkti reformtus templom
9. Vedere aerian / Aerial view / Madrtvlatbl
10. Biserica reformat Olosig (1825-1835) / Reformed
church / rolaszi reformtus templom
11. trandul termal Scueni / Thermal lido /
A szkelyhdi termlfrd
12. trandul termal Snnicolau de Munte / Thermal lido/
Hegykzszentmiklsi termlfrd
13. Ciocaia - Curia nobiliar Fnyes (XVIII) - rmie/
Fnyes mansion / Fnyes Elek kria maradvnya
14. Biserica reformat Scueni (XIII) / The reformed
church / A szkelyhdi reformtus templom
15. Biserica romano-catolic Scueni (1764-1768) / The
Roman-Catholic church / A szkelyhdi rmai
katolikus plbaniatemplom
64 16. Cas din Snnicolau de Munte / Old house /
Hegykzszentmiklsi rgi hz
17. Biserica reformat Cadea (1799) / Reformed
church / Nagykgyai reformtus templom
 2 3

6 7

10 11 12

15 14 13
tei
Vaskohszikls
www.stei.ro
www.primariastei.ro

Atestare documentar
1580 Skey

Mic aezare de la poalele Munilor

Apuseni, oraul tei este strbtut
de DN 76 (E79), ce leag municipi-
ile Oradea i Deva, la 81 km sud-
est de Oradea i este situat pe malul drept al
Criului Negru. Este un ora (cunoscut ca Dr.
Petru Groza sub regimul comunist) care a luat
natere n anul 1952 lng satul cu acelai
nume.

Nr. de locuitori: 8.648

Documentary testimony
1580 Skey

It is a small settlement at the feett of the

Apuseni Mountains (Western Carpathians),
81 km south-east from Oradea, on the right
banks of Crisul Negru River. The Oradea- Deva
DN 76 (E79) road crosses tei. The town was
founded in 1952, near a village of the same
name, as an industrial center for the grinding
of uranium mined in nearby Bia. Between
1958 and 1996, it was named Dr. Petru Groza,
after the Romanian socialist leader who had
died in 1958.

No. of inhabitans: 8.648

Els okleveles emlts

1580 Skey

Vaskohsziklst, a Nyugati rchegysg lb-

nl meghzd kis teleplst a 76-os ft
(E79) szeli t, amely sszekti Nagyvradot
s Dvt. A vroska Nagyvradtl 81 km-re
fekszik dlkelet irnyban, a Fekete-Krs
jobb partjn. A vrost 1952-ben alaptottk
az azonos nev falu mellett, a szomszdos
rzbnyn kitermelt urnrc rlsre. 1958
s 1990 kztt Dr. Petru Groza volt a vros
neve, Romnia korbbi miniszterelnkrl
elnevezve.

Lakosok szma: 8.648

1. Vedere aerian / Aerial view / Madrtv-

latbl
2. Cas / House / Hz
3. Biserica ortodox Sfinii Apostoli Petru
i Pavel / Orthodox Church / Ortodox
templom
4. Statuia lui Miron Pompiliu / Statue /
Miron Pompiliu szobor
5. Noua biseric ortodox / The new Or-
thodox Church / Az j ortodox templom
6. Pompierii / Fire department /
Tzoltosztag
7. Sediu de firm / Company headquaters/
Cgszkhely
8. Sediu de firm / Company headquaters/
Cgszkhely
9. Primria / Town Hall / Vroshza

66
 2 3

4 6

8
Valea lui Mihai
rmihlyfalva
www.valealuimihai.ro
www.ermihalyfalva.ro

Atestare documentar
1270 praedium Mihail

Oraul Valea lui Mihai este situat n

partea de nordvest a judeului Bihor,
la 67 km. de Oradea. Intravilanul ct i ex-
travilanul aparintor oraului se ncadreaz
n unitatea de relief de cmpie, n zona de
cmpie nalt subcolinar a Cmpiei Careiu-
lui (Nyirului).

Nr. de locuitori: 10.317

2
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale:
Zilele Salcmului n Floare (luna mai).

Documentary testimony
1270 praedium Mihail

Valea lui Mihai lies along the E 671 (DJ 19)

road, 67 km from Oradea and Satu Mare.
It is a railway junction of Oradea Satu
Mare and Carei - Debrecen rail line. Valea
lui Mihai Nyirbrny is a public road and
railway border crossing point.

No. of inhabitans: 10.317

Etnography and heritage:

Blossoming Acacia Days held in May.

Els okleveles emlts

1270 praedium Mihail 3
rmihlyfalva Bihar megye szaknyugati ha-
trn terl el, 67 km-re Nagyvradtl, fon-
tos vasti s kzti csompont Nagyvrad 4
1
s Szatmr kztt, ugyanakkor nemzetkzi
kzti s vasti hatrtkel Magyarorszg
irnyba. A telepls mezvros, fldrajzi-
lag a Nyri (Krolyi) sksg magasdombjaihoz 15
tartozik.

Lakosok szma: 10.317

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

Nyl Akc Napok (mjusban).

1. Biserica romano-catolic / The Roman-

Catholic church / A rmai katolikus
templom
2. Fosta primrie / The former Local Hall /
A rgi polgrmesteri hivatal
3. Clopot din 1941 / Bell from 1941 / Ha-
rang 1941-bl
4. Monumentul martirilor anticomuniti
din 1956 / Anticomunist monument
from 1956 / Az 1956-os rmihlyfalvi
Csoport emlkmve
5. Primria oraului Valea lui Mihai /
Town Hall / rmihlyfalvi Polgrmesteri
Hivatal
6. Carul alegoric cu flori al oraului Valea
lui Mihai de la Carnavalul Florilor
Debrein 2006 / The truck of flowers
from Valea lui Mihai from the Flower
Carnival, Debrecen 2006 / rmihly-
falva virgkocsija a 2006-os debreceni
Virgkarnevlkor
7. Gara / Railway station / Vastlloms
8. Monument / Monument / Emlkm
9. Sediu banc - fost farmacie (1802)/ 13
Bank headquarters / Bank - rgi patika
10. Sinagoga / Synagogue / Zsinagga 14
11. Biserica reformat (1714) / The Re-
formed church / Reformtus templom
12. Zilele Salcmului n Floare /
Salcmul n Floare Days /
Nyl Akc Napok
13. Interior din biserica romano-catolic /
The interior of the Roman-Catholic
church / Rmai katolikus templom
14. Muzeul Orenesc de Istorie i Etno-
grafie Andrssy Ern / Museum /
Andrssy Ern Mzeum
15. Vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Madrtvlatbl
68
 7

10

11

12
Vacu
Vaskh

www.primariavascau.ro

Atestare
documentar
1552 Nayhko
Oraul este situat n extremitatea sud-estic a
judeului Bihor, la o distan de 86 km fa de
municipiul Oradea, pe DN76 (E79), n depre-
siunea Beiuului, pe cursul superior al rului
Criul Negru.

Localiti componente: Vacu (1552 Nayhko),

Cmp (1600 Keompeolsboy), Cmp-Moi (1600
Keompelsboy), Coleti (1580 Kolest), Vrzarii de
Sus (1552 Felseofywes), Vrzarii de Jos (1552
Alsofywes).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.839

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica de

lemn Sfinii Arhangheli (sec. XVIII) Coleti.
Elemente peisagistice: Avenul Cmpeneasca
i Izbucul Boiu (rezervaie speocarstic).

Documentary testimony
1552 Nayhko

Vacu town is situated at the south-east-

ern extremity of Bihor county, at a distance
of 86 km from Oradea on the DN76 (E79)
road. Geographically it lies in the Beiuului
Depression on the superior course of the
Criul Negru River.

Villages around: Vacu (1552 Nayhko), Cmp

(1600 Keompeolsboy), Cmp-Moi (1600 Keom-
pelsboy), Coleti (1580 Kolest), Vrzarii de Sus
(1552 Felseofywes), Vrzarii de Jos (1552 Alsofy-
wes).
No. of inhabitans: 2.839 2
Historical and architectural monument:
The Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(XVIII) Coleti.
Sightseeing:
The Cmpeneasca aven and The Boiu spring
(speo-carstical reservation).

Els okleveles emlts 1

1552 Nayhko

A vros Bihar megye dlkeleti hatrnl 3

fekszik, 86 km-re Nagyvradtl, a 76-os ft
mentn (E79), a belnyesi medencben, a
Fekete-Krs fels folysn.

A kzsg falui: Vaskh (1552 Nayhko), Cmp

(1600 Keompeolsboy), Cmp-Moi (1600 Keom-
pelsboy), Kolafalva (1580 Kolest), Felsfves
(1552 Felseofywes), Alsfves (1552 Alsofywes).
Lakosok szma: 2.839

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Szent Arkan-

gyalok fatemplom (XVIII. szzad) Kolafalvn.
Szp tjak: Kimpanyszka-barlang s
Vaskohmez bvpatak (karsztikus barlang-
rezervtum).

1. Panoram / Panorama / Tjkp

2. Cmp - cuptor de var / Field Lime
oven / Mszget kemence a mezn
3. Cas veche / Old house / Rgi hz
4. Car vechi / Old carriage / Rgi szekr
5. Biserica ortodox Vrzarii de Jos (1857) 7 8
/ The Orthodox Church from Vrzarii de
Jos / Alsfvesi ortodox templom
6. Biserica de lemn Coleti (1752) / The
wooden church in Coleti / Kolafalvi
fatemplom
7. Sculptur / Sculpture / Szobor
8. Biserica ortodox Cmp (1850) /
The Orthodox Church from Cmp /
Vaskohmezi ortodox templom
9. Casa Memorial Nicolae Bogdan / The
Nicolae Bogdan memorial house /
Nicolae Bogdan Emlkhz
10. Coleti - case vechi / Coleti old
houses / Kolafalva rgi hzak
11. Biserica romano-catolic Vacu (1744)
The Roman-Catholic church / A vaskohi
rmai katolikus templom
12. Biserica ortodox Vacu (1716) / The
Orthodox Church / Vaskohi ortodox
templom
13. Biserica ortodox Vrzarii de Sus
(1859) / The Orthodox Church /
Felsfvesi ortodox templom

70
4 5 6

9 10

11 12 13
COMUNE

C O M M U N E S
K Z S G E K
 Abram
rbrny
www.abram.ro

Atestare documentar
1216 villa Abram
4
Comuna Abram se afl n zona Dealurilor
Barcului, fiind strbtut de rul Barcu. Se
afl la 6 km de municipiul Marghita i 64 km
nord de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Abram (1291 villa

Abram), Cohani (1454 Kolyan), Dijir (1410 Dizer),
Iteu (1321 Lykeu) , Iteu Nou (1956), Margine (1406
possesio walachalis Zeltarlow), Satu Barb (1406
Barby, Barby Janusfalwa), uiug (1422 possesio
volachalis Zvnyogd).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.354
Monument istoric i de arhitectur: biserica
ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1700)
Margine.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: atelier de
mpletituri din nuiele uiug.

Documentary testimony
1216 villa Abram
5
Abram village lies in the region of Barcau Hills,
6 the Barcau river crosses it. It is located 6 km
from Marghita and 64 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Abram (1291 villa Abram), Co-

hani (1454 Kolyan), Dijir (1410 Dizer), Iteu (1321
1 Lykeu), Iteu Nou (1956), Margine (1406 possesio
walachalis Zeltarlow), Satu Barb (1406 Barby,
Barby Janusfalwa), uiug (1422 possesio vol-
achalis Zvnyogd).
No. of inhabitans: 3.354

Historical monument: Sf. Arhangheli Ortho-

dox wooden church (1700) Margine.
Etnography and heritage: basketwork in Suiug.

Els okleveles emlts

1216 villa Abram

rbrny kzsg a Beretty vlgyben terl el,

6 km-re Margitttl s 64 km-re Nagyvradtl.

7 A kzsg falui: rbrny (1291 villa Abram),

Berettykohny (1454 Kolyan), Dizsr (1410
Dizer), Lki (1321 Lykeu), jlki (1956), Szltall
(1406 possesio walachalis Zeltarlow), jbrtfalva
(1406 jbrfalva, Barby Janusfalwa), Szunyogd
(1422 possesio volachalis Zvnyogd).
Lakosok szma: 3.354

Trtnelmi rksg: Arkangyalok ortodox fa-

templom (1700) Szltalln.
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
2 a szunyogdi kosrfons

1. Abram biserica fostei mnstiri pre-

monstratense (1234) / The church of late
premonstratense mansion / Az rbrnyi
volt premontrei kolostor temploma
2. Margine biserica ortodox de lemn
(1700) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
szltalli ortodox fatemplom
3. Iteu cas veche / Old house / Lki rgi
hz
4. uiug cas veche / Old house /
Szunyogdi rgi hz
5. Satu Barb vedere / Sight / jbrtfalvi
ltkp
6. Dijir vedere / Sight / Dizsri ltkp
7. Iteu pivnie vechi / Old cellars / Lki
rgi pinck

75
Abrmu
Vedresbrny
www.primaria-abramut.ro

Atestare documentar
1334 Mogosabraam

Comuna Abrmu este situat la 65

km de Oradea pe direcia nord-est, la 4 km de
Marghita.

Localiti componente: Abrmu (1332 Mogosa-

braam), Crestur (1311 Kereztwr), Fncica (1274 2
Felfonchika), Petreu (1215, 1229 villa Petri).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.019

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

reformat (1643) Abrmu. cetatea de pmnt
Zongora de la Petreu.

Documentary testimony
1334 Mogosabraam

Abramut lies in the north-eastern part of

the county, 65 km from Oradea, and 4 km from
Marghita.

Villages around: Abrmu, (1332 Mogosabraam)

Crestur (1311 Kereztwr), Fncica (1274 Felfon-
chika), Petreu (1215, 1229 villa Petri).
No. of inhabitans: 3.019

Historical and architectural monument:

the Reformed Church in Abramut from 1643,
the soil fortress Zongora in Petreu.

Els okleveles emlts

1334 Mogosabraam

Vedresbrny Bihar megye szakkeleti rszn, 3

Nagyvradtl 65 km-re, Margitttl 4 km-re
helyezkedik el. 5
A kzsg falvai: Vedresbrny, (1332 Mogos-
abraam), Aptkeresztr (1311 Kereztwr),
rfancsika (1274 Felfonchika), Monospetri (1215,
1229 villa Petri).
Lakosok szma: 3.019

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

az 1643-ban plt vedresbrnyi reformtus
templom, a monospetri Zongora fldvr.

1. Petreu cas veche (1850) i biserica

reformat (XVII) / Old house and the Re-
formed Church / Monospetri rgi hz s
a reformtus templom
2. Petreu - biserica ortodox (1890-1900) /
The Orthodox Church / A monospetri or-
todox templom
3. Abrmu - biserica reformat (XIII) / Re-
formed Church/ Vedresbrnyi reform-
tus templom
4. Fncica - vedere / Sight / rfancsikai
ltkp
5. Crestur - ruine biseric medieval /
Medieval church ruins / Aptkeresztri
kzpkori templomrom
6. Conacul Zchy / Zchy Mansion / Zchy-
kria

76
 Atileu
Eskll
www.primaria-astileu.ro

Atestare documentar
1 2 1335 Uskeleu

3 Comuna Atileu este aezat n partea de nord-

est a judeului Bihor, la o distan de 40 km de
Oradea, fiind situat la contactul dintre pla-
toul calcaros Pdurea Craiului i depresiunea
tectonic de tip golf Vadu Criului.

Localiti componente: Atileu (1335 Uskeleu),

Clea (1475, 1552 Kalotha), Chistag (1220 villa
Questest), Petere (1692 Bestele / Pestere), Po-
iana Cornetu.
Nr. de locuitori: 3.799

Monument istoric: conac (sec. XVIII) Atileu.

Elemente peisagistice: petera Igria (rezervaie
speologic).

5 Documentary testimony
1335 Uskeleu

Atileu village is in the north-eastern part of the

county, 40 km far from Oradea, being located
at the borderline of the limestone plateau of
Pdurea Craiului and the tectonic depression of
Vadu-Criului.

Villages around: Atileu (1335 Uskeleu), Clea

(1475, 1552 Kalotha), Chistag (1220 villa Quest-
4 est), Petere (1692 Bestele / Pestere), Poiana
Cornetu.
No. of inhabitans: 3.799

Historical monument: mansion (XVIII) Atileu.

Sightseeing: Igria cave (speological reservation).

Els okleveles emlts

1335 Uskeleu

Eskll kzsg a megye szakkeleti rszn

fekszik, 40 km-re Nagyvradtl, a Kirlyhg
mszk-fennskja s Krsrv tektonikus
medencjnek tallkozsnl.

6 A kzsg falvai: Eskll (1335 Uskeleu), Kalota

(1475, 1552 Kalotha), Keszteg (1220 villa Quest-
est), Krsbarlang (1692 Bestele / Pestere), Po-
iana Cornetu.
Lakosok szma: 3.799

Trtnelmi rksg: esklli kria (XVIII. szzad).

Ltnivalk: Igric barlang (barlangszati rezervtum).

1. Petere biserica ortodox (1934-1952)

/ The Orthodox Church / Az krsbar-
langi ortodox templom
2. Atileu - vedere / Sight / Esklli
ltkp
3. Chistag carier de piatr / Stone
exploitation / A kesztegi kbnya
4. Poiana Cornetu biserica ortodox / The
Orthodox Church / A Poiana Cornetu
ortodox templom
5. Clea - gospodrie / Farm / Kalotai
gazdasg
6. Clea - vedere / Sight / Kalotai ltkp
7. Chistag fabrica de ciment / Cement
factory / A kesztegi cementgyr

77
Aueu
Kissi
www.auseu.ro

Atestare documentar
1406 posseisio walachalis Ewsy

Comuna Aueu este situat n depresiunea Vad-

Borod, mrginit la nord de munii Plopiului.
Se afl pe drumul european E 60, la 47 km est
de Oradea i la 8 km de Aled.

Localiti componente: Aueu (1406 posseisio

walachalis Ewsy), Cacuciu Vechi (1482, 1552 Olah
Kakwch), Codrioru, Gheghie (1406 possesio
walachalis Gegen), Groi (1406 possesio walacha-
lis Thythews), Luncoara (1214 villa Loc).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.035
2
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica
ortodox de lemn Sf. Apostoli Petru i Pavel
(sec. XVIII) - Gheghie, castelul de vntoare Zchy 4
(1860), biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Gheor-
ghe (1760) Luncoara, casa parohial (1927)
- Groi, arhitectur tradiional i moar de ap
Luncoara.
Manifestri etnografice i tradiionale: colecia 1
de art Petre Bodeu Aueu;

Documentary testimony
1406 posseisio walachalis Ewsy

Aueu is situated in the Vad-Borod depression,

bordered in north by Plopiului Mountains. You
can reach it by the E 60 road, 47 km from Oradea
and 8 km from Aled.

Villages around: Aueu (1406 posseisio walacha-

lis Ewsy), Cacuciu Vechi (1482, 1552 Olah Kakwch),
Codrioru, Gheghie (1406 possesio walachalis
Gegen), Groi (1406 possesio walachalis Thythews),
Luncoara (1214 villa Loc).
No. of inhabitans: 3.035

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Sf. Apostoli Petru and Pavel Orthodox wooden
church (XVIII), Zchy castle (1860) Gheghie; the
Sf. Gheorghe Orthodox wooden church (1760)
Luncoara, parish from Groi (1927), traditional
architecture and watermill Luncoara.

Etnography and heritage: Petre Bodeu art-

work-collection Aueu 3

Els okleveles emlts

1406 posseisio walachalis Ewsy

Kissi kzsg a Rv-Brd medencben

tallhat, szakrl a Rz-hegysg hatrolja. Az
E60-as ft mentn fekszik, 47 km-re Nagyv-
radtl s 8 km-re lesdtl.

A kzsg falvai: Kissi (1406 posseisio walachalis

Ewsy), Olhkakucs (1482, 1552 Olah Kakwch),
Szekatura, Krsggny (1406 possesio
walachalis Gegen), Tts (1406 possesio
walachalis Thythews), lesdlok (1214 villa Loc).
Lakosok szma: 3.035

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Pter s Pl

ortodox fatemplom (XVIII. szzad), Zchy-kastly 6
(1860) Krsggny; Szent Gyrgy Ortodox fa-
templom (1760) lesdlok, a ttsi parkia, az
lesdloki hagyomnyos ptszet s vzimalom.

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

Petre Bodeu mgyjtemnye Kissiben.

1. Gheghie - biserica ortodox de lemn (sec. 5

XVIII) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
krsggnyi fatemplom 7
2. Cacuciu Vechi arhitectur veche /
Old architecture / Olhkakucsi rgi
kzsghza pletdsz
3. Gheghie - biserica ortodox de lemn
(sec. XVIII) - detaliu / The Orthodox
Wooden Church - detail / A krsggnyi
fatemplom - rszlet
4. Aueu casa Alexandru Roman (1826-
1897) / Alexandru Roman (1826-1897)
house / A kissi Alexandru Roman
(1826-1897) Emlkhz
5. Luncoara - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1760) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
Az lesdloki fatemplom
6. Groi poarta de lemn a casei natale
Petre Bodeu (1917-1995) / The wooden
front door of Petre Bodeu born house / A
ttsi Petre Bodeut szlhz fakapuja
7. Gheghie fostul castel de vntoare
Zchy (1860) / The late Zchy Castle / A
krsggnyi volt Zchy kastly

78
 Avram Iancu
Kemnyfok
www.primaria-avramiancu.ro

Atestare documentar
1828 Kemnyfok

Comuna Avram Iancu este cea mai sudic

comun din partea bihorean a Cmpiei
Criurilor, pe drumul naional E79 ce leag
Oradea de Arad, la 58 km de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Avram Iancu (1828

Kemnyfok), Ant (Ont 1353), Tmada (1169 villa
Tamasd).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.828

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: bazilica

romanic (biseric, sec. XIII-XIV) Simonta
(aezare, ep. bronzului) i Barantu (aezare,
ep. dacic) Tmada.

Documentary testimony
1828 Kemnyfok

2 Avram Iancu is a village in the south-eastern

extremity of the Cmpia Criurilor from
1 Bihor county, along the E79 national road at a
distance of 58 km from Oradea.

4 Villages around: Avram Iancu (1828 Kemnyfok),

Ant (Ont 1353), Tmada (1169 villa Tamasd).
No. of inhabitans: 1.828

Historical and architectural monuments:

Roamanesque style Church (XIII-XIV) Si-
monta (ancient settlement) and Barantu
(ancient dacian settlement) Tmada.

Els okleveles emlts

1828 Kemnyfok

Avram Iancu kzsg, a Krs-fennsk bihari

rsznek legdlebbi teleplse, az E79-es
fton fekszik Arad s Nagyvrad kztt, ez
utbbitl 58 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Kemnyfok (1828 Kemnyfok),

Ant (Ont 1353), Tamshida (1169 villa Tamasd).
Lakosok szma: 1.828

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksg: romn

stlus templom (XIII.-XIV. szzad) Simonta
(bronzkori tele-pls) s Barant (dk telepls)
Tamshida.
3 5

6
1. Tmada vedere cu bazilica romanic
(sec. XIII) / Sight with the middle age
origin, Romanesque style, once three
naves church built of brick (13th century)/
Tamshidai ltkp a rgi romn stlus
templommal (XIII. szzad)
2. Ant biserica reformat (1862) / The
Reformed Church / Az anti reformtus
templom
3. Avram Iancu - Statuia lui Avram Iancu/
Statue of Avram Iancu / Avram Iancu
szobra
4. Tmada Primria cu biserica ortodox
n fundal (1866) / Local Hall with the
ortodox church in the back / A tamshi-
dai kzsghza, httrben az ortodox
templom
5. Criul Negru la Ant / The Black Cri at
Ant / A Fekete-Krs Antnl
6. Avram Iancu - Vedere / Sight / Kemny-
foki ltkp

79
 Balc
Blyok
www.primaria-balc.ro

Atestare documentar
1213 terra Baluc

Comuna Balc se afl n zona Dealurilor Barcului,

fiind strbtut de rul Barcu. Se afl la 22 km
nord-est de municipiul Marghita i la 80 km de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Balc (1213 terra Baluc),

Almau Mare (1760-1762 Alms), Almau Mic (1291-
1294 villa Alumas), Ghida (1386, 1410 villa olachalis
Deda), Sldbagiu de Barcu (1406 poss. Walachalis
Zaldobagh).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.579

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Cariera de

piatr (aezare din neolitic) Balc; amplasament de
fortificaie medieval (sec. XIII-XIV) Almau Mare,
biserica reformat (1791) i castelul Deghenfeld-
Schnburg (1896), azi sediul schelei de producie
Suplacu de Barcu Balc.

Elemente peisagistice: Parcul Dendrologic Balc.

1
Documentary testimony
1213 terra Baluc 2
Balc is in the Barcului Hills region, the Barcu
river flows through it. You will find it at 22 km
from Marghita city and 80 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Balc (1213 terra Baluc), Almau

Mare (1760-1762 Alms), Almau Mic (1291-1294
villa Alumas), Ghida (1386, 1410 villa olachalis
Deda), Sldbagiu de Barcu (1406 poss. Walachalis
Zaldobagh).
No. of inhabitans: 3.579

Historical and architecture monuments: Stone-pit

(stone-age settlement) Balc; medieval fortress
(XIII-XIV) Almau Mare, Reformed Church (1791)
and Deghenfeld-Schnburg Castle (1896), today
industrial center Suplacu de Barcu Balc.

Sightseeing: Dendrological Park Balc.

Els okleveles emlts 3

1213 terra Baluc

Blyok kzsg a Beretty vlgyben lv telepls,

melyet a Beretty foly szel t Margitta vrostl
22-, Nagyvradtl 80 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Blyok (1213 terra Baluc), Koz-

maalms (1760-1762 Alms), Kisalms (1291-1294 5
villa Alumas), Berettydda (1386, 1410 villa ol-
achalis Deda), Szldobgy (1406 poss. Walachalis
Zaldobagh).
Lakosok szma: 3.579

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: reformtus

templom (1791) s a Degenfeld-Schnburg kas-
tly (1896), mely ma a berettyszplaki termelk
szkhza.

Szp tjak: Blyoki dendrolgiai park.

4 7

1. Balc vedere aerian cu castelul

Deghenfeld-Schnburg (1896) i biserica
reformat (XIII) / Aerian view with the
Deghenfeld-Schnburg castle and the
Reformed Church / Madrtvlatbl
a Degenfeld-Schnburg kastly s a
reformtus templom Blyokon
2. Sldbagiu de Barcu - vedere / Sight /
Szldobgyi ltkp
3. Almau Mare - domeniu de vntoare
/ Hunting domain / A kozmaalmsi
vadszterlet
4. Cantonul de vntoare Fagu / Hunting
house Fagu / Fagu erdszhz
5. Balc - Primria / Local Hall / A blyoki
kzsghza
6. Almau Mic - car cu boi / Ox chariot /
Kisalmsi krsszekr
7. Bivoli din Ghida / Buffalo / Berettyddai
bivalyok

80
 Batr
Feketebtor
www.batar.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
2 1202-1203 Batur

Comuna Batr este situat la extremitatea

1 estic a Cmpiei Criurilor, fiind strbtut de
Criul Negru. Se afl la 17 km de municipiul
Salonta i 57 km de Oradea.
3
Localiti componente: Batr (1202-1203 Batur),
Arpel (1326 Arpad), Talpo (1344 Talpamezew),
Tut (1316 Toty).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.241

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Hrbod

(aezare sec. XIV) i Biserica turcilor (reedin
nobiliar fortificat din sec. XV-XVI) Batr, Caste-
lul Markovits (1891), azi grdini Arpel; biseri-
ca ortodox de lemn Sf. Gheorghe (1789) Tut.
Elemente peisagistice: Parcul Dendrologic Batr
i Arpel.

Manifestri etnografice i tradiionale:

colecie numismatic.

Documentary testimony
1202-1203 Batur

Batr is situated at the most eastern extremi-

ty of the Cmpia Criurilor, the Criul Negru
River flows through it. It is located 17 km from
Salonta town and 57 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Batr (1202-1203 Batur), Arpel

(1326 Arpad), Talpo (1344 Talpamezew), Tut
(1316 Toty).
No. of inhabitans: 5.241

Historical and architectural monuments:

Hrbod (settlement XIV) and Turkish
Church (noble residence and fortress from the
XV-XVI) Batr, Markovits castle (1891), today
kindergarten Arpel; the Sf. Gheorghe Or-
thodox wooden church (1789) Tut.
Sightseeing: Dendrological Park Batr and
Arpel.

Etnography and heritage:

4 5 numismatic collection.

Els okleveles emlts

1202-1203 Batur

Feketebtor kzsg, melyet a Fekete-K-

rs szel t, a Krs-fennsk keleti hatrn
fekszik 17 km-re Nagyszalonttl, 57 km-re
Nagyvradtl.
A kzsg falvai: Feketebtor (1202-1203
Batur), rpd (1326 Arpad), Talpas (1344
Talpamezew), Feketett (1316 Toty).
Lakosok szma: 5.241

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksg: Hrbod

(XIV. szzadi telepls) s Trkk temploma
(XV-XVI. szzadi nemesi kria erdtmnnyel),
Markovits-kastly (1891), ma voda rpdon;
Szent Gyrgy ortodox fatemplom (1789) Fe-
ketetton.
Szp tjak: a btori s rpdi dendrolgiai
park.

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

6 numizmatikai gyjtemny.

1. Talpo - vedere / Landscape / Talpasi

ltkp
2. Arpel casa poetului Srkzi Ger
(1908 1977) / The Memorial house of
7 poet Srkzi Ger / Srkzi Ger klt
szlhza
3. Arpel - castelul Markovits (1891), azi
grdini / The Markovits castle, today
kindergarden / Az rpdi Markovits-kas-
tly, ma voda
4. Batr - Primria / Local Hall / A feketeb-
tori kzsghza
5. Tut biserica ortodox (1789) / The Or-
thodox Church / A feketetti fatemplom
6. Batr fost reedin nobiliar (1901) /
Ex noble residence / A feketebtori volt
nemesi kria (Lovassy kastly)
7. Biserica reformat Arpel (1789) / The
Reformed Church from Arpasel / rpdi
reformtus templom

81
Biharia
Bihar
www.comunabiharia.ro

Atestare documentar
1075 civitas Bichor

Comuna Biharia este situat n partea

de vest a judeului Bihor, pe oseaua naional
Oradea - Satu Mare. Se gsete pe malul
stng al prului Cosmo, afluent al Barcului, 1
la nord de Oradea (14 km). Este traversat
de calea ferat spre Satu Mare i de drumul
judeean 191 Biharia - Marghita.
2 3

Localiti componente: Biharia (1075 civitas Bi-

chor), Cauaceu (1213 villa Kouachi).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.879

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Cetatea de

pmnt (fortificaie sec. VII-IX), monumentul gen-
eralului Gspr Andrs, Lutrie i Crmidrie
(aezare, cimitir sec. XIV) i Grdina de legume
(aezare sec. XI-XIII) Biharia, biserica reformat
(1785) Cauaceu.

Evenimente locale: Festivalul de trei zile al tine-

rilor - Ziua Cetii luna august.

Documentary testimony
1075 civitas Bichor

Biharia is situated in the western part of Bi-

hor County, on the national road which links
Oradea to Satu-Mare. It lies on the left side of
Cosmo brook, a tributary stream of Barcau,
north from Oradea (14 km). The commune is
crossed by the railway and by the 191 county
road Biharia - Marghita.

Villages around: Biharia (1075 civitas Bichor),

Cauaceu (1213 villa Kouachi).
No. of inhabitans: 5.879 6 5 4
Historical and architectural monuments: the
Ground Fortress from the VII-IX century and
the monument of the general Gspr Andrs
(1848 1849), Lutrie and Crmidrie
(ancient settlement and cemetery XIV) and
Grdina de legume (settlement XI-XIII)
Biharia, Reformed Church (1785) Cauaceu.

Local events: Youth days - Ziua Cetii

held in august.

Els okleveles emlts

1075 civitas Bichor

Bihar kzsg a megye nyugati rszn, a Nagy-

vrad-Szatmr fton fekszik, a Berettyba
ml Ksm patak bal partjn, Nagyvradtl
szakra (14 km). thalad rajta a vast s a
191-es Bihar-Margitta megyei t.

A kzsg falvai: Bihar (1075 civitas Bichor),

Hegykzkovcsi (1213 villa Kouachi).
Lakosok szma: 5.879

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

Fldvr (VII.-IX. szzadi erdtmny), Agyagos
s Tgls (XIV. szzadi telepls s temet), 7
Vete-mnyes (XI-XIII. szzadi telepls), vala-
mint Gspr Andrs honvd tbornok emlkm-
ve (18481849) Biharon, reformtus templom
(1785) Hegykzkovcsiban.

Helyi esemnyek: A kzsg legjelentsebb

rendezvnye a hromnapos Fldvri Ifjsgi
Tallkoz, augusztusban.

1. Cauaceu vedere cu biserica reformat

(1785) / Sight with the Reformed Church/
Hegykzkovcsi, ltkp a reformtus
templommal
2. Statuia Regelui tefan / Statue of King
Stefan / Istvn kirly szobra
3. Biharia - vedere aerian cu biserica
reformat (XIV) / Aerial view / Bihar
madrtblatbl
4. Zilele comunei / Market / A bihari piac
5. Biserica reformat Biharia (1802)/
Reformed hurch / Bihari reformtus
templom
6. Biserica romano-catolic Biharia (1826)/
Roman Catholic Church / Rmai kato-
likus templom
7. Cetatea de pmnt de la Biharia (sec
VIII-IX) / The Ground Fortress / A bihari
fldvr

82
 Boianu Mare
Tasndbajom

Atestare documentar
1358 Bayon

Comuna Boianu Mare este situat n extremi-

tatea nord-vestic a judeului, n Dealurile
Barcului, la 18 km de Marghita i 76 km de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Boianu Mare (1358 Ba-

yon), Corboaia (1913 Korbolytelep, ctun al satului
Boianu Mare), Huta (1913 Almaszeghuta), Pgaia
(1474 Wzthatho poss. Olahalis), Rugea (Ruzsatag,
ctun al satului Boianul Mare 1913).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.879

Monument istoric i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1686) pictat n
1785 Boianu Mare.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri
de colindat (Stea, Viflaiem, Pomul), arhitectur
tradiional, esturi Boianu Mare.

Documentary testimony
1 1358 Bayon

Boianu Mare is situated in the north-western

2 4 extremity of the county, on the Barcului Hills,
18 km from Marghita and 76 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Boianu Mare (1358 Bayon),

Corboaia (1913 Korbolytelep den of Boianu Mare),
Huta (1913 Almaszeghuta), Pgaia (1474 Wzthatho
poss. Olahalis), Rugea (1913 Ruzsatag, den of Bo-
ianul Mare).
No. of inhabitans: 5.879

Historical monument: the Sf. Arhangheli Or-

thodox wooden church (1686) painted in 1785
Boianu Mare.
Etnography and heritage: Christmas carols
(Stea, Viflaiem, Pomul), traditional architecture
and weaving Boianu Mare.

Els okleveles emlts

1358 Bayon

Nagybajom kzsg a megye szaknyugati ha-

trn fekszik a Beretty vlgyben, Margitttl
18-, s Nagyvradtl 76 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Tasndbajom (1358 Bayon),

Korbojtelep (Tasndbajomi tanya, 1913
5 Korbolytelep), Hutatelep (1913 Almaszeghuta),
sztat (1474 Wzthatho poss. Olahalis), Ruzsatag
(1913 Ruzsatag, Tasndbajomi tanya).
Lakosok szma: 5.879
Trtnelmi rksge: Arkangyalok ortodox fa-
templom (plt 1686-ban, festettk 1785-ben).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
karcsonyi kntls, hagyomnyos ptkezs,
szvs.

1. Boianu Mare biserica ortodox de lemn

(1686) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
tasndbajomi ortodox fatemplom
2. Pgaia - biserica ortodox (1938) / Ortho-
dox Church/ Ortodox templom
3. Punea de la Rugea / Rugea`s lease / A
ruzsatagi legel
4. Boianu Mare - vedere / Lanscape / Tas-
ndbajomi ltkp
5. Corboaia - vedere / Lanscape /
Korbojtelepi ltkp

83
Borod
Nagybrd
www.borod.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 Baroud

Comuna Borod este situat n depresiunea Vad-

Borod, mrginit la nord de munii Plopiului.
Se afl pe drumul European E 60, la 58 km est
de Oradea i la 19 km de Aled. 2 1
Localiti componente: Borod (1291-1294 Ba-
roud), Borozel (1291 Baroud), Cetea (1392 Chech- 3
yas), Corniel (1392 Chormel), erani - arny n
slovac (1913, ctun al satului Borod), Valea Mare
de Cri (1392 Nagypatak).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.154

Monument istoric: Cimitirul vechi i amplasa-

ment de biseric romanic (sec. XIII-XIV) Borod.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: dansuri po-
pulare i obiceiuri (clac de tors, colindat),
teatru nescris Borod.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 Baroud
Borod lies in the Vad-Borod depression, bor-
dered in the north by the Plopiului Mountains.
It is situated along the E 60 European road, 58
km from Oradea and 19 km from Aled.

Villages around: Borod (1291-1294 Baroud), Boro-

zel (1291 Baroud), Cetea (1392 Chechyas), Corniel
(1392 Chormel), erani - arny in Slovak (1913
Den of satului Borod), Valea Mare de Cri (1392
Nagypatak).
No. of inhabitans: 4.154

Historical monument: Old Cemetery and Ro-

manesque Church-ruins (XIII-XIV) Borod.
Etnography and heritage: folklore dances and
customs (singing, twisting), unwritten theatre
Borod.

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 Baroud
4 6
Brd, a Rv-Brd medencben fekv kz-
sg, Nagyvradtl 58 km-re, lesdtl 19km-
re, az E60-as eurpai t mentn tallhat.
szakon a Rz-hegysg szeglyezi.

A kzsg falvai: Nagybrd (1291-1294 Baroud),

Kisbrd (1291 Baroud), Csklye (1392 Chechyas),
Brdsomos (1392 Chormel), Sarn - arny szlo-
vkul (1913 Nagybrdi tanya), Felspatak (1392
Nagypatak).
Lakosok szma: 4.154

Trtnelmi rksge: Az temet s a romn

stlus templom (XIII.-XIV. szzad).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
nptnc s a helyi szoksok, npi sznjtkok.

1. Piatra Craiului / Kirlyhg

2. Borod - vedere / Landscape / Korbojtelepi
ltkp
3. Cetea - vedere / Landscape / Csklyei
ltkp
4. erani clopot din 1904 / Bell from 1904 /
Sarni harang 1904-bl
5. erani coala-biseric romano-catolic /
School and Catholic church / A sarni ka-
tolikus templom-iskola
6. Corniel - vedere / Landscape / Brdso- 7 8 9
mosi ltkp
7. Valea Mare de Cri - biserica ortodox
(1935) / The Orthodox Church / A
felspataki ortodox templom
8. Borozel - biserica ortodox (18711875) /
The ortodox church / A kisbrdi ortodox
templom
9. Gard de nuiele / Hedge / Svnykerts

84
 Bor
Bors
www.pcbors.ro

Atestare documentar
1215 villa Burs
Comuna Bor este situat pe fron-
tiera de vest a rii, de o parte i
de alta a oselei DN1 - E60, care
iese din ar prin punctul de frontier Bor
i face legtura cu principalele drumuri
internaionale spre centrul i vestul Europei.
1 Distana ntre centrul comunei i municipiul
Oradea este de 12 km.
2
Localiti componente: Bor (1215 villa Burs),
Santul Mare (1219 villa Zamtou, Zantou), Santul
Mic (1291, 1294 villa Petri filii Vrdug), Sntion (1215
predium monasterii Sancti Joannis Baptiste).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.410

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: lacurile din

comun prezint un loc de agrement i pescuit
sportiv. Deasemenea, existena izvoarelor ter-
male i pdurea comunal reprezint locuri favo-
rabile excursiilor i recreaiei. Zilele comunei se
organizeaz la sfritul lunii iulie.

Documentary testimony
1215 villa Burs

Bor village is located in the western part

of Romania, and it is crossed by DN1- E60
which leaves the country at Bors Customs
and makes the connection with the most im-
portant international roads from Western
and Central Europe. The distance between
Bors and Oradea is 12 km.

Villages around: Bor (1215 villa Burs), Santul

Mare (1219 villa Zamtou, Zantou), Santul Mic
(1291, 1294 villa Petri filii Vrdug), Sntion (1215
predium monasterii Sancti Joannis Baptiste).
No. of inhabitans: 3.410

Etnography and heritage: during the last

week-end of July people organise the days of
the village.

Els okleveles emlts

1215 villa Burs

Bors kzsg terlete az orszg nyugati hat-

5 rig nyl, az E60-as eurpai t mentn, amely
Bors hatrtkelnl hagyja el az orszgot, s-
8 szekapcsolvn azt Kzp, s Nyugat-Eurpa
4 3 legfontosabb nemzetkzi thlzataival. Itt van
Romnia legnagyobb kzti hatrtkelhelye.
6 7 Bors kzsg Nagyvradtl 12 km-re, nyugatra
fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Bors (1215 villa Burs), Nagyszn-

t (1219 villa Zamtou, Zantou), Kissznt (1291,
1294 villa Petri filii Vrdug), Biharszentjnos (1215
predium monasterii Sancti Joannis Baptiste).
Lakosok szma: 3.410

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

szmos pihenni s horgszni vgynak nyjt kikap-
csoldsi lehetsget a kzsghez tartoz tavak. A
melegviz forrsok s a kzsgi erd kirndu-
lsra, trzsra csalogat.
Jlius utols htvgjn rendezik a nagysiker
kzsgi napokat.

1. Bor - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Bors madrtvlatbl
2. Sntion - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Biharszentjnos madrtvlatbl
3. coala general i profesional
Tamsi ron / High school/ A borsi
9 Tamsi ron ltalnos s Szakkpz
Iskola
4. Pescari la Santul Mic / Fishing at the
lake / Kissznti halszok
5. Zilele comunei Bor / Bor commune
days / borsi Kzsgi Napok
6. Zilele comunei Bor / Bor commune
days / borsi Kzsgi Napok
7. Bor biserica reformat (1780)/ The
Reformed Church / A borsi reformtus
templom
8. Santul Mic biserica reformat
(1790)/ The Reformed Church / A
kissznti reformtus templom
9. Vama Bor / Bor customs / A borsi
hatrtkelhely

85
Bratca
Bartka
www.primaria-bratca.ro

Atestare documentar
1435 Brata
Comuna Bratca este localizat la extremi-
tatea estic a Defileului Criului Repede, sub
poalele Munilor Pdurea Craiului. Este la
aproximativ 65 km de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Bratca (1435 Brata), Bez- 1 5

nea (schimbat denumirea din Delureni n 1996),
Dami (1587-1589 Damos), Loru (1406 possesio
walachalis Lorew), Ponoar (1913 Remetelrv), 2 7
Sectura (ctun al satului Bratca), Valea Criului
(1392 Nagypatak).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.567

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1723)
Delureni; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.
Arhangheli (1795) Valea Criului.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri de
nunt, obicei de Anul Nou (Vergelul), obicei de
Boboteaz (Chiraleisa), teatru nescris, moar de
ap Bratca; instrumentiti la vioara cu goarn
Dami.

Documentary testimony
1435 Brata
Bratca is located in the eastern extremity of the
Crisul Repede Pass right under the Pdurea
Craiului Mountains at a distance of 65 km from
Oradea.

Villages around: Bratca (1435 Brata), Beznea

(changed the name from Delureni in 1996),
Dami (1587-1589 Damos), Loru (1406 pos-
sesio wealachalis Lorew), Ponoar (1913
Remetelrv), Sectura (den of Bratca), Valea
Criului (1392 Nagypatak).
No. of inhabitans: 5.567

Historical and architectural monuments:

The Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(1723) Delureni; the Sf. Arhangheli Ortho-
dox wooden church (1795) Valea Criului.
Etnography and heritage: wedding habits, New
Years Eve customs (Vergelul), baptism (Chi-
raleisa), unwrtitten theatre, watermill Bratca;
horn-violin players Dami.

Els okleveles emlts

1435 Brata

Bartka kzsg a Sebes-Krs szurdoknak

keleti hatrn terl el, a Kirlyhg lbnl, 65
km-re Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Bartka (1435 Brata), Brdbeznye

(1996-ban vltozott meg Delureni elnevezsbl),
Erddmos (1587-1589 Damos), Remetelrv
(1406 possesio walachalis Lorew), Krsponor 3 6
(1913 Remetelrv), Sectura (Bartkai tanya),
Nagyfeketepatak (1392 Nagypatak).
Lakosok szma: 5.567 4 8 9
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:
Arkangyalok fatemplom (1723) Beznye;
Arkangyalok fatemplom (1795) a Kirlyhgn.
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
lakodalmas, jvi szoksok, vzkereszt (Chiralei-
sa), szerepjtkok, vzimalom; az erddmosi
krthegedsk.

1. Valea Criului vedere / Landscape /

Nagyfeketepataki ltkp
2. Bratca - vedere / Landscape / Bartkai
ltkp
3. Dami - peisaj / Landscape / Erddmosi
ltkp
4. Valea Brtcuei / Brtcuei valley / A Bart-
ka vlgye
5. Beznea - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1723) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
brdbeznyei ortodox fatemplom
6. Valea Criului - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1795) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
brdbeznyei ortodox fatemplom
7. Loru stnc / Rock / Remetelrvi
szikla
8. Sectura gard din lemn / Pale / Fa-
kerts
9. Toamna / Autumn / sszel

86
 Brusturi
Tataros
www.primariabrusturi.ro

Atestare documentar
1360 locus sessionalis Tatarpatak

Comuna Brusturi este situat ntre Dealurile

Oradiei i Dealurile Dernei, la 40 km nord-
vest de Oradea, fiind strbtut de prul
Fnaelor.

Localiti componente: Brusturi (1360 locus ses-

sionalis Tatarpatak), Cuied (1451, 1496 Kewesd),
Loranta (1954 ctun al satului Cuied), Orviele
(1954 ctun al satului Brusturi), Puleti (1413
Tothfalwa), Picleu (1469 Bogdanfalwa), ignetii
de Cri (1588 Czigafalwa), Vrsu (1913 Var-
asztanya)
Nr. de locuitori: 4.377
1 2
Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.
Arhangheli (1600) ignetii de Cri.
3 7

Documentary testimony
1360 locus sessionalis Tatarpatak

Brusturi lies among the Oradea Hills and Der-

nei Hills, 40 km north-west from Oradea, be-
ing crossed by Fnaelor brook.

Villages around: Brusturi (1360 locus sessiona-

lis Tatarpatak), Cuied (1451, 1496 Kewesd), Lo-
ranta (1954 den of Cuied), Orviele (1954 den of
Brusturi), Puleti (1413 Tothfalwa), Picleu (1469
Bogdanfalwa), ignetii de Cri (1588 Czigafalwa),
Vrsu (1913 Varasztanya).
No. of inhabitans: 4.377

Historical monument: the Sf. Arhangheli

Orthodox wooden church (1600) ignetii
de Cri.

8
Els okleveles emlts
1360 locus sessionalis Tatarpatak
4 5
Tataros kzsg Vrad s Derna domb-
jai kztt fekszik szaknyugat irnyba
40 km-re Nagyvradtl, a Fon patak mellett.

A kzsg falvai: Tataros (1360 locus sessionalis

Tatarpatak), Kvesd (1451, 1496 Kewesd), Lla-
patak (1954 Kvesdi tanya), Orviseltanya (1954
Brusturi tanya), Felsttfalu (1413 Tothfalwa),
Szvrhegy (1469 Bogdanfalwa), Cignyfalva (1588
Czigafalwa), Varasztanya (1913 Varasztanya).
Lakosok szma: 4.377

Trtnelmi rksge: Arkangyalok ortodox

fatemplom (1600) Cignyfalvn.

6 9

1. ignetii de Cri gospodrie / House-

hold / cignyfalvi udvar
2. ignetii de Cri biserica ortodox
de lemn (1600) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A cignyfalvi ortodox
fatemplom
3. Case din Orviele / Houses in Orviele /
orviseltanyai hzak
4. Clopotul din Ttru / Bell / A tatarosi
harang
5. ran din Loranta / Farmer / llapataki
paraszt
6. Vrsu cas veche / Old house /
varasztanyai rgi hz
7. Cuied pivni / Cellar / kvesdi pince
8. Brusturi - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Tatros madrtavlatbl
9. Picleu biserica ortodox (1950 1953)/
The Orthodox Church / szvrhegyi
ortodox templom
87
Budureasa
Bondorasz
www.budureasa.ro

Atestare documentar
1588 Budwduraz

Budureasa este comuna cu cea mai mare

suprafa din jude, fiind situat n extremitatea
vestic a Munilor Bihor, sud-est de Oradea la
75 km (12 km de Beiu i 13 km pn la Stna
de Vale).
1 2 3
Localiti componente: Budureasa (1588 Bud-
wduraz), Burda (1588 Burda), Saca (1537 Zeek),
Slite de Beiu (1588 Zelesthe), Teleac (1580, 1692
Telek).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.672

Monument istoric i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Gheorghe (1645, adus de la
Nimieti) Saca.
Elemente peisagistice: molhaurile (turbriile) din
Valea Izbucelor; versantul sudic al vrfului Crligai; 4 7
versantul sud-estic al Pietrei Gritoare (rezervaii
botanice); Cetatea Rdesei (peter-tunel, rezer-
vaie mixt).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: meteri
ldari (lzi de zestre), ncondeiatul oulor de Pate,
jocuri de Priveghi (obicei la nmormntri), esturi
i custuri populare.

Documentary testimony
1588 Budwduraz

Budureasa has the most extended commune

of the county, being located at the western
extremity of Bihor Mountains south-east from
Oradea at 75 km (12 km from Beiu and 13 km
from Stna de Vale).
Villages around: Budureasa (1588 Budwduraz),
Burda (1588 Burda), Saca (1537 Zeek), Slite de
Beiu (1588 Zelesthe), Teleac (1580, 1692 Telek).
No. of inhabitans: 2.672
Historical monument: the Sf. Gheorghe Or-
thodox wooden church (1645, brought from
Nimieti) Saca.
Sightseeing: Stna de Vale leisure resort; the
Valea Izbucelor streams; Southern view of
the Crligai top; south-eastern part of Piatra
Gritoare (botanical reservation); the Cetatea
Rdesei (tunnel-cave, mixed reservation).
Etnography and heritage: wedding case-
makers, painting eggs at Easter, Vigil games
(funereal custom), popular fabrics and sewings, 8
embroideries.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Budwduraz

Bondorasz a megye legnagyobb terlet

kzsge, a Bihari hegysg nyugati hatrn fek-
szik, Nagyvradtl dlkeletre 75-, Belnyestl
12- s Biharfredtl 13 kmre.

A kzsg falvai: Bondorasz (1588 Budwduraz), Bor-

da (1588 Burda), Szka (1537 Zeek), Belnyessze-
leste (1588 Zelesthe), Telek (1580, 1692 Telek).
Lakosok szma: 2.672

Trtnelmi rksge: a szkai Szent Gyrgy orto-

dox fatemplom (1645-ben hoztk t Nyimesdrl).
Ltnivalk: Biharfredi dltelep; bvpatakok,
beszl kvek (nvnytani rezervtumok), Aragy-
sza barlang (alagt-barlang, vegyes rezervtum).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
ldakszt mesterek (hozomnyldk), hmesto-
js-fests, virraszt jtkok (temetkezsi szoks),
npi szvs s varrs.

1. Lzile de zestre ale meterului popular

Ioan Oancea din Budureasda / Dowry
chest from Budureasa / Hozomnyos
lda
2. Burda - cas tradiional / Traditional
house / bordai hagyomnyos hz 9
3. Slite de Beiu casa natal a poetului
Gheorghe Pitu / Born house / Gheorghe 5 6
Pitu klt szlhza Belnyesszelestn
4. Budureasa - Vedere aerian / Aerial view/
Bondorasz madrtvlatbl
5. Slite de Beiu cas tradiional /
Traditional house/ belnyesszelestei
hagyomnyos hz
6. Budureasa - biserica ortodox (1792)/
The Orthodox Church / bondoraszi
ortodox templom
7. Teleac - biserica ortodox (1909) / The Or-
thodox Church / teleki ortodox templom
8. Saca biserica ortodox de lemn (1645) /
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A szkai
ortodox fatemplom
9. Vatr / Old fireside / Bbos kemence

88
 Buduslu
rbogyoszl
www.buduslau.ro

Atestare documentar
1552 Bogyzlo

Comuna Buduslu se ntinde lng drumul

judeean Valea lui Mihai Marghita, la 10 km.
de Marghita i la 20 km de Valea lui Mihai, n
Cmpia Ierului, la aproximativ 66 km nord-
vest de Oradea
1 2 Localiti componente: Buduslu (1552 Bogyzlo),
Albi (1373 Albeus).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.963
3 4
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica
reformat (sec. XV) Albi; biserica reformat
(sec. XVIII) Buduslu.

Evenimente locale: Zilele satelor se organizeaz

anual, la Buduslu ncepnd din anul 1994, la Albi
din 2001. Srbtorile religioase tradiionale ocup
un loc important n viaa localnicilor.

Documentary testimony
1552 Bogyzlo

Buduslu is next to the county road Valea lui

Mihai Marghita, 10 km from Marghita and
20 km from Valea lui Mihai, in the Ier river
field, at a distance of 66 km north-west from
Oradea.

Villages around: Buduslu (1552 Bogyzlo), Albi

(1373 Albeus).
No. of inhabitans: 1.963

Historical and architectural monuments:

Reformed Church (XV) Albi; Reformed
Church (XVIII) Buduslu.

Events: since 1994 in Buduslau and since

2001 in Albis people organise the days of the
village every year. The traditional religious
holidays play an important role in the life of the
village.

Els okleveles emlts

5 6 7 1552 Bogyzlo

rbogyoszl Bihar megye szaki rszn fek-

szik, az rmihlyfalvaMargitta megyei t
mentn, Margitttl 10-, rmihlyfalvtl
20-, s Nagyvradtl 66 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: rbogyoszl (1552 Bogyzlo), Albis

(1373 Albeus).
Lakosok szma: 1.963

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Reformtus

templom (15. szzad) - Albis, Reformtus temp-
lom ( XVIII. szzad) Bogyoszl.

Rendezvnyek: Bogyoszln 1994-tl, Albison

2001-tl rendszeresen megrendezik a faluna-
pokat. A kzsg letben jelents szerepet tlt
be a hagyomnyos nnepek megtartsa.

1. Buduslu - biserica reformat (sec.

XVIII) / The Reformed Church / Az rbo-
gyoszli reformtus templom
2. Albi monument / Monument / Az albisi
emlkm
3. Buduslu investiie particular / Partic-
ular investment / rbogyoszli vllalkozs
4. Cas veche din Buduslu / Old house /
rbogyoszli rgi hz
5. Albi monument / Monument / Albis -
emlkm
6. Cruce / Cross / Feszlet az erdben
7. Albi - biserica reformat (sec. XV) / The
Reformed Church / Az albisi reformtus
templom

89
Bulz
Csarnhza
www.primariabulz.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1406 possesio
walachalis Chornahaza

Comuna Bulz este situat n nordul Masivului

Vldeasa, la revrsarea Vii Iadului n Criul
Repede, la 70 km est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Bulz (1406 possesio

walachalis Chornahaza), Munteni (1954), Remei 1
(contopit n satul Loru-Ponoar-Remei 1954).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.397
2
Elemente peisagistice: Petera din Valea Leului
(rezervaie speo-carstic), Vrful Boceasa (re-
zervaie biologic), Lacul de acumulare Leu, cu
o suprafa de 148 ha i un volum de ap de 28,3
mil. m3 a fost dat n folosin n anul 1973, fiind un
loc ideal pentru petrecera concediilor i a timpului
liber. 5
Arhitectur tradiional:
Mori de ap Munteni i Remei.

Documentary testimony
1406 possesio
walachalis Chornahaza
Bulz is situated at north from Vldeasa
Gorge, at the influence of Iad into the Criul
Repede River, 70 km east from Oradea.

Villages around: Bulz (1406 possesio walachalis

Chornahaza), Munteni (1954), Remei (formed by
incorporate of Loru-Ponoar-Remei willages
in 1954).
No. of inhabitans: 2.397

Sightseeing: The Valea Leului Cave (speo-

carstic reservation), Boceasa Top (biological
reservation), Lesu Accumulation Lake, with
a surface of 148 ha and 28,3 mil. cubic metre
of water, is one of the most popular place for
holydays.
Etnography and heritage: Watermills Mun-
teni and Remei.

Els okleveles emlts

1406 possesio 3
walachalis Chornahaza

Csarnhza a Vlegysza-hegysg szaki r-

szn fekszik, a Jd-patak Sebes-Krsbe val
torkolsnl, Nagyvradtl 70 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Csarnhza (1406 possesio

walachalis Chornahaza), Munteni (1954),
Jdremete (Loru-Ponoar-Remei faluk
sszeolvadsbl keletkezett 1954-ben).
Lakosok szma: 2.397
6
Ltnivalk: Lesi barlang (karsztikus
barlangrezervtum), Bocssza cscs (term-
szeti rezervtum), a Lesi gyjtt 148 hektr
s 28,3 milli kbmter vz egyike a legked-
veltebb szabadid-helyeknek.
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
vzimalmok Jdremetn s Munteni-ben.

1. Spre vrful Scoroeu (1158 m) / On

the way to Scoroeu peak (1158 m) / A
Scoroeu cscs fel 7
2. Barajul lacului de acumulare Leu / The
gate of Leu Lake / A Lesi-t gtja
3. Valea Iadului / Iadului Valley / A Jd
vlgye
4. Lacul fr fund de la Remei / The bot-
tomless lake from Remei / A jdremetei
feneketlen t
5. ran din Munteni / Farmer / Munteni-i
paraszt
6. coala din Bulz / School / A csarnhzi
iskola
7. Biserica ortodox veche de la Remei
(1895) / The old Orthodox Church / A rgi
ortodox templom Jdremetn

90
 Bunteti
Bontesd
http://comunabuntesti.ro

Atestare documentar
1588 Buntafalva
Comuna Bunteti este situat n Dealurile Beiu-
ului, la aproximativ 80 km sudest de Oradea i
20 km de Beiu.
Localiti componente: Bunteti (1588 Buntafalva),
Brdet (1587 Bradet), Dumbrvani (1588), Ferice
(1588 Ferichie), Leleti (1588 Lalesth), Poienii de Jos
(1587 Alsopen), Poienii de Sus (1587 Felseopen),
Sud (1588 Zoodh), Stnceti (1600 Bika Falua).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.766

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica de

lemn Sf. Ioan Teologul (1733) Brdet; biserica
de lemn Schimbarea la fa (1752) Dumbrveni;
biserica de lemn Sf. Ioan Gur de Aur (1724)
2 1 Stnceti.
Elemente peisagistice: Ferice Plai-Hoanca (fnee
piemontane nealterate, rezervaie mixt).
3 Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Culegtori de
plante medicinale, moar de ap Poienii de Sus;
focuri purificatoare de primvar (40 de sfini)
Brdet; textile tradiionale Brdet i Dumbrveni;
uri poligonale (sec. XVIII-XX) Ferice; unicul centru
de ceramic nesmluit din Bihor Leleti; moar
de ap Sud.

Documentary testimony
1588 Buntafalva
Bunteti is situated among the Beiuului Hills,
about 80 km south-east from Oradea and 20 km
from Beiu.

4 Villages around: Bunteti (1588 Buntafalva),

Brdet (1587 Bradet), Dumbrvani (1588), Ferice
(1588 Ferichie), Leleti (1588 Lalesth), Poienii de
Jos (1587 Alsopen), Poienii de Sus (1587 Felse-
open), Sud (1588 Zoodh), Stnceti (1600 Bika
Falua).
No. of inhabitans: 4.766

Historical and architectural monuments: the Sf.

Ioan Teologul Orthodox wooden church (1733)
Brdet; the Schimbarea la fa Orthodox wooden
church (1752) Dumbrveni; the Sf. Ioan Gur de
Aur Orthodox wooden church (1724) Stnceti.
Sightseeing: Ferice Plai-Hoanca (mixed reservation).
Etnography and heritage: medical herbs collec-
tors, watermill Poienii de Sus; purification fires
every spring (40 saints) Brdet; traditional
fabrics Brdet and Dumbrveni; poligonal
granaries (XVIII-XX) Ferice; the only un-ename-
lled ceramics workshop in Bihor county Leleti;
watermill Sud.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Buntafalva
Bontesd kzsg Belnyes dombjai kztt fekszik,
Nagyvradtl kb. 80 km-re dlkeletre, Belnyestl
20 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Bontesd (1588 Buntafalva), Bihar-

fenyves (1587 Bradet), Dombrovny (1588), Fericse
(1588 Ferichie), Lelesd (1588 Lalesth), Alspojny
(1587 Alsopen), Felspojny (1587 Felseopen),
Szd (1588 Zoodh), Kisbkafalva (1600 Bika Falua)
Lakosok szma: 4.766

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: biharfenyvesi

Sf. Ioan Teologul fatemplom (1733); Fatemplomok
5 (1752) - Dumbraveni (1724) Bkafalva.
Ltnivalk: a fericsei Plai-Hoanca (sznafvek, ve-
gyes rezervtum).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
Gygynvnyszeds, vzimalom Felspojny; tava-
szi tisztttz (40 vrtan) s hagyomnyos
textlik - Biharfenyves; sokszg csrk (XVIII-XX.
szzad) Fericse; Bihar megye egyetlen utnozha-
tatlan kermit kszt mhelye Lelesd; vzimalom.

1. Brdet - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Biharfenyves madrtvlatbl
2. Moara de ap de la Poienii de Jos (sec XVIII),
mutat n anul 1974 la Complexul Muzeal
Naional ASTRA din Sibiu / Old water mill from
Poienii de Jos (18th century), moved to ASTRA
National Museum Complex from Sibiu in 1974/
Alspojnyi vzimalom (XVIII. sz.), 1974-ben a
szebeni Astra Mzeumba kltztettk
6 7 3. Stnceti - biserica ortodox de lemn (1724) /
8 The Orthodox Wooden Church / A kisbkafalvai
fatemplom
4. Localnici din Bunteti / People from Bunteti/
9 Bontesdi lakosok
5. Bunteti - cas tradiional / Traditional house /
bontesdi hagyomnyos hz
6. Brdet - biserica ortodox de lemn (1733) /
Orthodox wooden church / A biharfenyvesi
fatemplom
7. Dumbrvani - biserica ortodox de lemn (1752)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A dombrovnyi
ortodox fatemplom
8. Localnic din Dumbrvani / Woman from
Dumbrvani / dombrovnyi parasztasszony
9. Ferice - petera /The cave / A fericsei barlang
91
Cbeti
Biharkaba
www.cabesti.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1552 Kabafalwa
Comuna Cbeti se afl la confluena
prurilor Roia i Sohodol, ntre comunele
Roia i Remetea, la aproximativ 76 km. sud
est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Cbeti (1552 Kabafalwa),

Goila (1828 ctun al satului Cbeti), Gurbeti,
Josani (1956 ctun al satului Cbeti), Sohodol
(1552 Laywr, Kyszohoda).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.082

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Adormirea Maicii Domnului
(sec. XVIII) Goila; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.
Nicolae (1799) Gurbeti.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: estoarele

din Cbeti i Josani; mori de ap cu aduciune
superioar (sec. XIX-XX), textile tradiionale
Cbeti i Sohodol.

Documentary testimony
1552 Kabafalwa
1
Cbeti village is situated at the confluence
of two creeks: Roia and Sohodol, between
the village Roia and Remetea, south-east of 2 4 3
Oradea at a distance of aprox. 76 km.

Villages around: Cbeti (1552 Kabafalwa), Goila

(1828 den of Cbeti), Gurbeti, Josani (1956 den
of Cbeti), Sohodol (1552 Laywr, Kyszohoda).
No. of inhabitans: 2.082

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Adormirea Maicii Domnului Orthodox wooden
church (XVIII) Goila; the Sf. Nicolae Ortho-
dox wooden church (1799) Gurbeti.

Etnography and heritage: twisters from

Cbeti and Josani; superior adduction water-
mills (XIX-XX), traditional fabrics Cbeti and
Sohodol.

Els okleveles emlts

1552 Kabafalwa

Biharkaba kzsg a Rosia s Szohodol

5 6
torkolatnl fekszik, Rosia s Rvremete falvak
kztt, Nagyvradtl dlkeletre, kb. 76 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Biharkaba (1552 Kabafalwa), Goila

(1828 Biharkabai tanya), Gorbolyfalva , Krajnikfalva
(1956 Biharkabai tanya), Aszirts (1552 Laywr,
Kyszohoda).
Lakosok szma: 2.082

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Szzanya

ortodox fatemplom (XVIII. szzad) s a grbesdi
Szent Mikls ortodox fatemplom (1799).

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

kabni s krajnikfalvai fonk, vzimalmok (XIX-
XX. szzad) s hagyomnyos textilik Kabn s
Szohodolon.

1. Cbeti - peisaj / Landscape / biharkabai

ltkp
2. Goila biserica ortodox de lemn (sec.
XVIII) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
goilai ortodox fatemplom
3. Peter din Valea Strmturii / Cave in
Strmturii Valley / Barlang a Stramturii
vlgyben
4. Josani - biserica ortodox (1768) / The
Orthodox Church / A krajnikfalvi ortodox
templom
5. Gurbeti - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1799) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
gorbolyfalvi ortodox fatemplom
6. Sohodol moara de ap / Water mill /
aszirtsi vzimalom
7. Goila - peisaj / Landscape / goilai ltkp

92
 Cplna
Feketekpolna
www.primaria-capilnabh.ro

Atestare documentar
1552 egyhazas Gyanta
kapolnas Gyanta

Comuna Cplna este situat pe cursul Criului

Negru, la aproximativ 50 km sudest de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Cplna (1552 Egyhazas

Gyanta, Kapolnas Gyanta), Ginta (1213 villa Gyonta,
Genta), Rohani (ctun al satului Ginta), Sldbagiu Mic
(1599 Also Zaldobagy), Suplacu de Tinca (1291-1294
Zeplak, sacerdos de villa Zeplak)
Nr. de locuitori: 2.013

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica de

lemn Sf. Nicolae (1724) Cplna; biserica de lemn
Sf. Ierarh Nicolae (1769) Sldbagiu Mic.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: dansuri popu-

lare.
1 6

2 7 Documentary testimony
1552 egyhazas Gyanta
kapolnas Gyanta

Cplna lies along the Criul Negru river, south-

east from Oradea, at a distance of 50 km.

Villages around: Cplna (1552 Egyhazas Gyanta,

Kapolnas Gyanta), Ginta (1213 villa Gyonta, Genta), Ro-
hani (den of Ginta), Sldbagiu Mic (1599 Also Zaldo-
bagy), Suplacu de Tinca (1291-1294 Zeplak, sacerdos
de villa Zeplak)
No. of inhabitans: 2.013

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Sf. Nicolae Orthodox wooden church (1724)
Cplna; the Sf. Ierarh Nicolae Orthodox wooden
church (1769) Sldbagiu Mic.

Etnography and heritage: Popular dances.

Els okleveles emlts

1552 egyhazas Gyanta
kapolnas Gyanta
3
Feketekpolna kzsg a Fekete-Krs mentn
fekszik, Nagyvradtl dlkelet irnyba, 50 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Feketekpolna, Gyanta (1213

villa Gyonta, Genta), Rohani (Gyantai tanya),
Krsszldobgy (1599 Also Zaldobagy), Tenke-
szplak (1291-1294 Zeplak, sacerdos de villa
Zeplak).
Lakosok szma: 2.013

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Szent Mikls

fatemplom (1724) Kpolnn; Szent Mikls Pspk
fatemplom (1769) Krsszldobgyon.

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

4 nptnc.

1. Ginta - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Gyanta madrtvlatbl
2. Cplna - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Feketekpolna madrtvlatbl
3. Suplacu de Tinca - vedere aerian / Aerial
view / Tenkeszplak madrtvlatbl
5 4. Rohani - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Rohani madrtvlatbl
5. Sldbagiu Mic cas pictat / Painted
house / krsszldobgyi festett hz
6. Sldbagiu Mic biserica ortodox de
lemn (1796) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church/ A krsszldobgyi ortodox
fatemplom
7. Biserica reformat de la Ginta (1857-
1859) / The Reformed Church from Ginta
/ A gyantai reformtus templom
8. Cplna biserica ortodox de lemn
(1724) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
feketekpolnai ortodox fatemplom

93
Crpinet
Kerpenyd
www.primaria-carpinet.ro
2
Atestare documentar
1588 Carpinet

Comuna Crpinet este situat n partea de

sud-vest a judeului Bihor, pe drumul naional
76 (E 79) Oradea-Deva, la 94 km de Oradea.
Se nvecineaz la nord cu oraul Vacu, iar la
sud cu comuna Critioru de Jos.

Localiti componente: Crpinet (1588 Carpi-

net), Clugri (schimbat denumirea din Ponoa-
rele n 1966), Izbuc (1588 Zohodol), Leheceni
(1588 Lehechien).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.245
1
Elemente peisagistice: Izbucul (intermitent) de la
Clugri (rezervaie speocarstic).

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Meteri olari

(ceramic roie smluit) Leheceni, Crpinet;
moar de ap Clugri. 4 3

Documentary testimony
1588 Carpinet

Crpinet is situated in the north-western part

of Bihor county, on the 76 (E 79) national road
Oradea-Deva, 94 km from Oradea. At north it
is bordered by the town of Vacau, at south by
Critioru de Jos.
5
Villages around: Crpinet (1588 Carpinet), Clugri
(changed the name from Ponoarele in 1996), Izbuc
(1588 Zohodol), Leheceni (1588 Lehechien). 6
No. of inhabitans: 2.245

Sightseeing: Izbucul de la Ponoare

(speocarstic reservation).

Etnography and heritage: pottery (red enamelled

ceramics) Leheceni, Crpinet; watermill
Clugri.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Carpinet

Kerpenyd kzsg Bihar megye dlnyugati r-

szn fekszik, a Nagyvradot Dvval sszekt
76-os fton, 94 km-re Nagyvradtl. szakon
Vaskoh vrosval szomszdos, dlen pedig
Alsbiharkristyr kzsggel.

A kzsg falvai: Kerpenyd (1588 Carpinet),

Kalugyer (1996-ban vltozott meg Ponoarele
elnevezsbl), Vaskohaszd (1588 Zohodol),
Lehecsny (1588 Lehechien).
Lakosok szma: 2.245

Ltnivalk: a ponori bvpatakok (karsztikus

barlangrezervtum).

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek: 7 8

fazakas mesterek (mzas vrs kermia)
Lehecsnyben s Biharkristyron, Kalugyeren
vzimalom.

1. Biserica ortodox de lemn de la

Mnstirea Izbuc (1696), adus de la Beiu
n anul 1957 / The Orthodox woden church
(1696) from Izbuc Monastery, brought
here from Beiu in 1957 / A vaskohaszdi
kolostor ortodox fatemploma (1969), me-
lyet 1957-ben kltztettek t Belnyesbl
2. Clugri - peisaj / Landscape / kalugyeri
ltkp
3. Izbucul (intermitent) de la Clugri / The
intermittent source / A kalugyeri bvpa-
takok
4. Izbuc - biserica ortodox (1859) / The Or-
thodox Church / A vaskohaszdi ortodox
fatemplom
5. Preot de la Mnstirea Izbuc / Priest /
A vaskohaszdi kolostor papja
6. Crpinet - biserica ortodox (1870-1871) / 9
The Orthodox Church / A kerpenydi orto-
dox templom
7. Crpinet - peisaj / Landscape / kerpenydi
ltkp
8. Olar din Leheceni (Raul Boce) / Pot-
tery from Leheceni/ lehecsnyi fazekas
mester
9. Olrit la Leheceni / Pottery at Leheceni /
lehecsnyi fazekak.
10. Colecia etnografic personal Burta
Marian din Izbuc / Private collection/ Burta
Martian npmvszeti magn
94 gyjtemnye
 Cmpani
Felsmezs
www.primariacomuneicimpani.ro

Atestare documentar
1600 Alsokimpny
Felskimpany

Comuna Cmpani este aezat n sudul

1 2 judeului, la poalele Munilor Bihor, ntre
oraele tei i Nucet, pe DN 75, la 89 km
distan de Oradea.
5 4 Localiti componente: Cmpani (1600 Alsokimpny,
Felskimpany), Fnae (1600 Fonacz), Hrseti
(1588 Herchiesth), Sighitel (1503 presbyter val-
achalis de Segesfalva), Valea de Sus (1600 Walle
Nigra).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.658

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.

Dimitrie (1724) Fnae.
Elemente peisagistice: Valea Sighitelului
(rezervaie speo-carstic) - 412,60 ha

Documentary testimony
1600 Alsokimpny
3 Felskimpany

Cmpani is in the south of the county, at the

feet of the Bihor Mountains, between tei and
6 Nucet towns, along the DN 75 road, 89 km
from Oradea.

Villages around: Cmpani (1600 Alsokimpny,

Felskimpany), Fnae (1600 Fonacz), Hrseti
(1588 Herchiesth), Sighitel (1503 presbyter val-
achalis de Segesfalva), Valea de Sus (1600 Walle
Nigra).
No. of inhabitans: 2.658

Historical monument: the Sf. Dimitrie Ortho-

dox wooden church (1724) Fnae.
Sightseeing: Valea Sighitelului (speo-carstic
reservation).

Els okleveles emlts

1600 Alsokimpny
Felskimpany

Felsmezs kzsg a megye dli rszn fek-

szik, a Bihar-hegysg lbnl, Kirlyhg s
Nucset kztt a 75-s fton, Nagyvradtl
89 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Felsmezs (1600 Alsokimpny,

Felskimpany), Fonhza (1600 Fonacz), Herzafalva
(1588 Herchiesth), Kisszegyesd (1503 presbyter
valachalis de Segesfalva), Felsfeketevlgy (1600
Walle Nigra).
Lakosok szma: 2.658

Trtnelmi rksg: Szent Demeter ortodox

fatemplom (1724) Fonhza.
Ltnivalk: szegyesdi patak vlgye (karsztikus
barlangrezervtum).

1. Petera Coliboaia - Pictur rupestr cu o

vrst ntre 23.000 i 35.000 ani. / Coliboaia
cave - cave art between 23,000 and 35,000
years old / Coliboaia-barlang - krlbell 30
ezer ves barlangrajz
2. Valea de Sus - vedere / Landscape /
Felsfeketevlgyi ltkp
3. Cununie religioas n biserica ortodox
Sighitel (1943-1957) / Wedding at the Ortho-
dox Church / Eskv a kisszegyesdi ortodox
templomban
4. Hreti - biserica ortodox (1958) / The
Orthodox Church / A herzefalvi ortodox
templom
5. Fnae - Moara cu Dube (1877) mutat
n anul 1966 la Complexul Muzeal Naional
ASTRA din Sibiu / Mill with Dube (1877)
7 8 9 moved to ASTRA National Museum Complex
from Sibiu in 1966 / A fonhzi vzimalom
(1877), 1966-ban a szebeni ASTRA Mzeumba
10 kltztettk
6. Valea Sighitelului / The Sighitel Valley /
Kisszegyesd vlgye
7. Fnae - sculputur din lemn / Wooden sculp-
ture / fonhzi fafarags
8. Cmpani - biserica ortodox (1877) / The
Orthodox Church / A felsmezei ortodox
templom
9. Valea de Sus - biserica ortodox (1928) / The
Orthodox Church / A felsfeketevlgyi ortodox
templom
10. Fnae - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1724) / The orthodox wooden 95
church / A fonhzi ortodox
fatemplom
Cefa
Csffa
www.primariacefa.bihor.ro
www.parccefa.ro

Atestare documentar
1302 villicus de Chepha

Comuna Cefa este situat n partea de vest

a rii, la grania cu Ungaria, n sud-vestul
judeului Bihor, la circa 30 km de Oradea, pe
DN 79 ce leag Oradea de Arad, prin Inand.

Localiti componente: Cefa (1302 villicus de

Chepha), Atea (1283 possesiones Athas), Inand
(1369 Inand).
Nr. de locuitori: 6.325

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox Sf. Arhang-

heli (1852) Inand.
Elemente peisagistice: colonia de psri din
pdurea Rdvani (rezervaie zoologic).

Evenimente locale: n septembrie se organizeaz

zilele comunei, de Crciun spectacol de colinde, 1
iar n ultima duminic a lui august ntlnirea fiilor
satului Inand. Anual deschidere de frontier cu
localitatea Geszt (Ungaria). 2 3

Documentary testimony
1302 villicus de Chepha

Cefa lies in the south-western part of the

county towards Arad, 30 km from Oradea. It
could be reached from the E 671 (DN 79) road.

Villages around: Cefa (1302 villicus de Chepha),

Atea (1283 possesiones Athas), Inand (1369 Inand)
No. of inhabitans: 6.325

Historical monuments: The Sf. Arhangheli Or-

thodox Church (1852) Inand.

Events: in September people organize the days

of the village, at Christmas there is a song
competition, on the last Sunday of August there is
the meeting of those who emigrated from Inand.
There is also an annual custom opening with Geszt
place from Hungary.
4 5 6 7
Els okleveles emlts
1302 villicus de Chepha

Csffa kzsg az orszg nyugati feln tallha-

t, Magyarorszggal hatros telepls Bihar
megye dlnyugati rszn. Nagyvradtl 30
km-re fekszik, a Nagyvradot Araddal ssze-
kt 79-es ft mentn.

A kzsg falvai: Csffa (1302 villicus de Chephal),

Atys (1283 possesiones Athas), Innd (1369 Inand),
Lakosok szma: 6.325

Trtnelmi rksg: Arkangyalok ortodox temp-

lom (1852) Innd.
Ltnivalk: a radvnyi erd madrllomnya (l-
lattani rezervtum).

Helyi esemnyek: Szeptemberben rendezik a fa-

lunapokat, karcsonykor dalversenyt, augusztus
utols vasrnapjn az Inndon szlettek tallko-
zjt, s ugyancsak vente egyszer nyitjk meg a
hatrt a magyarorszgi Geszt helysggel. 8

1. Lacurile din Parcul Natural Cefa / The

lakes from Cefa/ A csffai tavak
2. Cefa - Muzeul Parohial / Presbitery
Museum / A csffai parkia mzeuma
3. Pescuit la Cefa / Fishing / Horgszat
4. Inand - biserica ortodox (1826) / The Or-
thodox Church / Az inndi ortodox templom
5. Cefa - biserica romano-catolic / The Ro-
man-Catholic church / A csffai rmai ka-
tolikus templom
6. Cefa - biserica ortodox (1883) / The Ortho- 9
dox Church / A csffai ortodox templom
7. Atea - biserica ortodox (1913) - detaliu /
The Orthodox Church - detail / Az atysi or-
todox templom - rszlet
8. Colonia de psri din Pdurea Rdvani/
Heron population in Rdvani forest /
Gmtelep a radvnyi erdben
9. Parcul Natural Cefa / Cefa Natural Park /
A csffai Termszeti Park
96
 Ceica
Magyarcske
www.ceica.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1389 Cheke

Comuna Ceica se situeaz la sud-est de Dealurile

Tadului, la aproximatix 33 km. de Oradea pe
drumul spre Beiu (DN 76 E 79).

2 Localiti componente: Ceica (1389 Cheke),

Bucium (1508 Bwchon), Ceioara (1508 Chok-
sara), Corbeti (1828, 1851 Korbest), Cotiglet (1492
Koghlygeth), Dueti (1508 Dwsafalwa), Inceti
(1828 Jntsesd).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.105

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:

biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1734)
Ceioara; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhan-
gheli (sec. XVIII) Cotiglet; biserica ortodox de
lemn Pogorrea Sf. Duh (sec. XIX) Dueti.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obicei de

colindat cu turc, moar de ap cu aduciune
superioar Ceioara.

1 3 Documentary testimony
1389 Cheke

Ceica is located south-east of Tadului Hills,

4 5 6 33 km from Oradea on the road to Beiu (DN
76 E 79).

Villages around: Ceica (1389 Cheke), Bucium (1508

Bwchon), Ceioara (1508 Choksara), Corbeti
(1828, 1851 Korbest), Cotiglet (1492 Koghlygeth),
Dueti (1508 Dwsafalwa), Inceti (1828 Jntsesd).
No. of inhabitans: 4.105

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(1734) Ceioara; the Sf. Arhangheli Or-
thodox wooden church (XVIII) Cotiglet; the
Pogorrea Sf. Duh Orthodox wooden church
(XIX) Dueti.

Etnography and heritage: Christmas carols

and wishes, superior adduction watermill
Ceioara.

Els okleveles emlts

1389 Cheke

Magyarcske kzsg Tasd vlgytl dl-

keletre hzdik, a megyeszkhelytl 33 km-es
tvolsgra, Belnyes irnyba (DN 76 E 79).

7 8 A kzsg falvai: Magyarcske (1389 Cheke),

Tkefalva/Bucsum (1508 Bwchon), Cseszvra
(1508 Choksara), Hollszeg (1828, 1851 Korbest),
Ktliget (1492 Koghlygeth), Dusafalva (1508
Dwsafalwa), Jancsfalva (1828 Jntsesd).
Lakosok szma: 4.105

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Arkangya-

lok ortodox fatemplom (1734) Cseszvrn s
Ktligeten (XVIII. szzad); a dusafalvai ortodox
fatemplom (XIX. szzad).

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

kolindls (barangols), felsmeghajts vzi-
malom Cseszvrn.
1. Corbeti Peisaj / Lanscape / hollszegi
ltkp
2. Bucium Biserica ortodox (1935) / The Or-
thodox Church / A dusafalvi ortodox templom
3. Ceica Biserica romano-catolic (1737) / The
Roman Catholic Church / A magzarcski r-
mai katolikus templom
4. Dueti Biserica ortodox de lemn (XIX) /
10 The Orthodox Wooden Church / A dusafalvi
ortodox fatemplom
5. Corbeti Biserica ortodox / The Orthodox
Church / A hollszegi ortodox templom
9 6. Ceioara Biserica ortodox de lemn (1734)
/ The Orthodox Wooden Church / A csesz-
vri ortodox fatemplom
7. Ceica vechiul han / Old hostelry / ma-
gyarcskei rgi csrda
8. Corbeti Biserica de lemn (XVII), mutat la
mnstirea Sfnta Cruce din Oradea / The
Orthodox Wooden Church, moved to Oradea,
at Holy Cross Orthodox Monastery / A hol-
lszegi fatemplom amely t lett kltztetve a
nagyvradi Szent Kereszt ortodox kolostorhoz
9. Cotiglet Biserica ortodox de lemn (sec.
XVIII) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
cseszvri ortodox fatemplom
10. Localnic din Corbeti / 97
Woman from Corbeti / hollszegi
parasztasszony
Cetariu
Hegykzcsatr

www.cetariu.ro

Atestare documentar
1208 villa Satar

Comuna Cetariu se afl la nordest

de Oradea, la 15 km.

Localiti componente: Cetariu (1208 villa Satar),

iterea (1291-1294 villa Suhtur, Sehtu), uturogi
(1372 Surdula), Tutelec (1272 Totthelek, villa
Thouthelek).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.892

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

romano-catolic Sf. Maria (1804-1809), casa
parohial a Parohiei Romano-Catolice (1743)
i biserica reformat (sec. XVII-XVIII) Cetariu;
biserica reformat (sec. XV) iterea.

Evenimente locale: Zilele Comunei organizate

n luna august, Balul Strugurilor, Carnavalul i
ntreceri sportive ntre localiti.

1
Documentary testimony
1208 villa Satar

Cetariu lies in the north eastern part of the

county, 15 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Cetariu (1208 villa Satar), iterea

(1291-1294 villa Suhtur, Sehtu), uturogi
(1372 Surdula), Tutelec (1272 Totthelek, villa
Thouthelek).
No. of inhabitans: 3.892

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Maria Roman-Catholic church (1804-
1809), the catholic parish house (1743) and the
Reformed Church (XVII-XVIII) Cetariu; the Re-
formed Church (XV) iterea.

Local Events: in August people organise the

days of the village, called Hegykzi Napok.
There are also grape harvest festivals, carni-
vals and sport competitions.

2 4
Els okleveles emlts
1208 villa Satar

Hegykzcsatr kzsg szakkeletre, a megye-

szkhelytl 15 km-re fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Hegykzcsatr (1208 villa Satar),

Siter (1291-1294 villa Suhtur, Sehtu), Stervlgy
(1372 Surdula), Hegykztttelek (1272 Totthelek,
villa Thouthelek).
Lakosok szma: 3.892

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Szzanya

rmai katolikus templom (1804-1809), rmai ka-
tolikus plbnia (1743) s a a reformtus temp-
lom (XVII-XVIII.szzad) - Hegykzcsatr; a siteri
rpd-kori (reformtus) templom (XV. szzad) s
a rgi hz (XIII. szzad).

Helyi esemnyek: augusztusban a falunapok,

szreti bl, farsangols s sportversenyek.

3 7
5
6

1. Cetariu - lac / Lake / A hegykzcsatri

halast
2. Cetariu biserica reformat (sec. XVII-XVIII /
The Reformed Church / A hegykzcsatri
reformtus templom
3. Cetariu biserica romano-catolic Sfnta
Maria (1804-1809) / The Roman Catholic
Church / A hegykzcsatri rmai katoli-
kus templom
4. Cetariu - primria / Local hall / A hegy-
kzcsatri Polgrmesteri Hivatal
5. iterea biserica reformat (sec. XV / The
Reformed Church / A siteri reformtus
templom
6. Lacul Popii / Lake / A siteri halast
7. uturogi biserica ortodox (1936) /
Orthodox Church / A sitervlgyi ortodox
templom

98
 Cherechiu
Kiskereki
www.cherechiu.ro
www.kiskereki.ro
Atestare documentar
1220 villa Kerequi

Comuna Cherechiu este aezat la

47 km. de Oradea pe direcia nord
vest, n Cmpia Ierului, putnd fi
accesat de pe drumul E 671.

Localiti componente: Cherechiu (1220 villa

Kerequi), Cheereu (1215 villa Quesereu), Trguor
(1203 Forum Reginae).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.484

Obiective de interes turistic: clopotul de 510 kg.

al bisericii reformate din Trguor; conacul Frter
din aceeai localitate a fost construit n jurul an-
ilor 1600; biserica reformat din Cheereu a fost
construit n anul 1784, clopotul acesteia a fost
turnat n 1645.

Documentary testimony
1220 villa Kerequi

Cherechiu lies in the north western part

of the county, 47 km from Oradea. It can be
reached on the E 671 road.
1
Villages around: Cherechiu (1220 villa Kerequi),
3 Cheereu (1215 villa Quesereu), Trguor (1203
2 Forum Reginae).
No. of inhabitans: 2.484

Interesting places: the bell of the Reformed

Church (510kg) from Trguor has the ni-
cest sound in the region. The Frter Mansion
was built in 1600. The Reformed Church of
Cheereu was built in 1784 and its bell was
moulded in 1645.

Els okleveles emlts

1220 villa Kerequi

Kiskereki kzsg 47 km-re fekszik Nagyvrad-

tl szaknyugatra, az rmellken. A telepls
az E 671-es fton kzelthet meg.

A kzsg falvai: Kiskereki (1220 villa Kerequi),

4 5 rkeser (1215 villa Quesereu), Asszonyvsra
(1203 Forum Reginae).
Lakosok szma: 2.484

Turisztikai ltvnyossgok: az asszonyvsri

reformtus templom harangja, amelynek slya
510 kg, s az 1600-ban plt Frter-kria. A
kiskereki reformtus templom 1784-ben plt,
harangjt 1645-ben ntttk.

6 7

1. Cherechiu - vedere aerian cu biserica

reformat (1802) / Aerial view with teh
Reformed Church / A kiskereki reform-
tus templom madrtvlatbl
2. Trguor cas rneasc / Small old
house / asszonyvsri ndfedeles hz
3. Copii din Cherechiu / Kids from
Cherechiu / kiskereki gyerekek
4. Biserica romano-catolic Cheereu
(1831) / The Roman Catholic Church
from Chesereu / Az rkeseri rmai katoli-
kus templom
5. Biserica reformat Trguor (1790) / The
Reformed Church from Trguor / Az
asszonyvsri reformtus templom
6. Biserica reformat Cheereu (XV) / The
Reformed Church from Chesereu / Az
rkeseri reformtus templom
7. Cherechiu cas rneasc / Old
peasant house / kiskereki paraszthz

99
Chilaz
Vmoslz
www.primaria-chislaz.ro

Atestare documentar 1
1213 villa Lazdi

Comuna Chilaz este aezat 2

n Depresiunea Barcului, fi-
ind strbtut de rul Barcu.
Se afl la 60 km nordest de Oradea, pe dru-
mul judeean 191.

Localiti componente: Chilaz (1213 villa Lazdi),

Chiraleu (1291-1294 villa Kyraly), Huceti (1909
Huceti, Hke), Mica (1255 Mikche), Poclua de
Barcu (1213 villa Puklusteluk), Snlazr (1291- 5
1294 villa Lazar), Srsig (1490 Sarszeg).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.451
6 7
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica
reformat (sec. XIV) i biserica romano-catolic
Sf. Maica lui Isus (1754) Mica.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: dansuri po-

pulare tradiionale maghiare Mica.

Documentary testimony
1213 villa Lazdi

Chilaz lies in the Barcului Depression, being

crossed by the Barcu river, north-east from
Oradea, 60 km away from the city along the
191 county road.
8
Villages around: Chilaz (1213 villa Lazdi), Chiraleu
(1291-1294 villa Kyraly), Huceti (1909 Huceti,
Hke), Mica (1255 Mikche), Poclua de Barcu
(1213 villa Puklusteluk), Snlazr (1291-1294 villa
Lazar), Srsig (1490 Sarszeg). 4
No. of inhabitans: 3.451

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Reformed Church (XIV) and Sf. Maica lui
Isus Catholic Church (1754) Mica.

Etnography and heritage: Hungarian folk

dances Mica.

Els okleveles emlts

1213 villa Lazdi
Vmoslz kzsg a Beretty medencben
fekszik, Nagyvradtl szakkeletre 60 km-
es tvolsgra, a 191-es megyei ton, a Be-
retty foly szeli t.

A kzsg falvai: Vmoslz (1213 villa Lazdi), 3

Berettykirlyi (1291-1294 villa Kyraly), Hke (1909
Huceti, Hke), Micske (1255 Mikche),
Poklostelek (1213 villa Puklusteluk), Szentlzr
(1291-1294 villa Lazar), Srszeg (1490 Sarszeg).
Lakosok szma: 3.451

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: reformtus

templom (XIV. szzad) s a Jzus anyja rmai ka-
tolikus templom (1754) Micskn.

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

micskei magyar nptnc.
9

1. Mica casa Jk (sec. XVIII) / Jako house /

A micskei Jk hz
2. Mica - Biserica romano-catolic (1754) /
The roman-catholic church / A micskei
rmai katolikus templom
3. Mica biserica reformat (sec. XIV) / The
Reformed Church / A micskei reformtus
templom
4. Huceti clopot din sat / Bell / A hkei
harang
5. Snlazr - vedere / Landscape / szent-
lzri ltkp
6. Poclua de Barcu biserica reformat
(1799) / The Reformed Church / A pok-
lostelki reformtus templom
7. Srsig biserica ortodox (1882) / The 10
Orthodox Church / A srszegi ortodox
templom
8. Chilaz trandul termal / Thermal lido
from Chislaz / A vmoslzi terml frd
9. Chiraleu - cas rneasc / Old house /
berettykirlyi paraszthz
10. Mica centru cretin / Christian centre/
Ifjsgi s Katektikai Kzpont Micskn

100
 Ciuhoi/Sniob
Berettycsohaj/Szentjobb
www.ciuhoi.ro

Atestare documentar
1 1291-1294 villa Chuey

Comuna Ciuhoi este situat n partea

central-nordic a judeului, la numai 35 de km
de Oradea. Conform Hotrrii de Guvern din
octombrie 2012, comuna Sniob devine cen-
trul de comun.

Localiti componente: Ciuhoi (1291-1294 villa

Chuey), Cenalo (1342 Chalanus), Sniob (1169
abbas de Sancto Iog), Sfrna (1332 sacerdos de
villa Fornus).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.292

Evenimente locale: Sniob este un loc de pelerinaj

vestit pentru cteva evenimente importante cum
ar fi: srbtoarea regelui Sfntul tefan, Pinea
Nou, Ziua Comunei i la 8 septembrie Blciul
Bisericii.
Obiective turistice: biserica romano-catolic
Sniob, mnstirea din 1905 i moara abaiei
construit n anii 1800.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Chuey

Ciuhoi lies 35 km from Oradea, at the central-

north part of the county, on the Oradea - Mar-
2 3 ghita road. In 2012 the center of the coum-
mune becomes Sniob.

4 8 Villages around: Ciuhoi (1291-1294 villa Chuey),

Cenalo (1342 Chalanus), Sniob (1169 abbas de
Sancto Iog), Sfrna (1332 sacerdos de villa Fornus).
No. of inhabitans: 2.292

Local events: Sniob is an old famous pilgrim-

age place, for some important events such as
King Stefan I Day.
Interesting places: the catholic church from
Sniob, the monastery from 1905, the Lukacs
mill from 1800.

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 villa Chuey

Berettycsohaj kzsg a megye kzepn szak

irnyba helyezkedik el, alig 35 km-re Nagyv-
radtl. A 2012-ben, oktberi hnap vgn sz-
letett kormnyhatrozat szerint, Szentjobb lett
a kzsgkzpont.

A kzsg falvai: Berettycsohaj (1291-1294 villa

Chuey), Biharcsanlos (1342 Chalanus), Szentjobb
(1169 abbas de Sancto Iog), Berettyfarnos (1332
7 sacerdos de villa Fornus).
Lakosok szma: 2.292

Helyi esemnyek: Szentjobb hres zarndokhely:

Szent Istvn kirly nnepe, j kenyr nnepe,
falunapok s szeptember 8-n templomi bcs.
Turisztikai ltvnyossgok: a szentjobbi rmai
katolikus templom, az 1905-ben plt zrda s
az 1800-as vekben plt aptsgi malom.
5 9

1. Blazonul Abaiei de la Sniob / Coat of

arms of The Abbey from Sbtion / A szent-
jobbi aptsg cmere
2. Sit arheologic la Sniob / Archeological
site / satsok Szentjobbon
3. Sniob moara abaiei (1800) / The Lukcs
mill / A szentjobbi Lukcs aptsgi malom
4. Sniob vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Szentjobb madrtvlatbl
5. Sniob Centrul Cretin / Christian centre /
Keresztny kzpont Szentjobbon
6. Cenalo - Casa de copii / Orphanage /
A biharcsanlosi gyerekotthon
6 10 7. Sniob biserica romano-catolic (1736)
/ The catholic church / A szentjobbi rmai
katolikus templom
8. Ciuhoi biserica ortodox (1896) / The Or-
thodox Church / A berettycsohaji ortodox
templom
9. Degusttor de vin / Wine taster / Borks-
tol
10. Ziua satului Sniob / Saniob willage day /
A szentjobbi falunap

101
Ciumeghiu
Csmg

www.comunaciumeghiu.ro

Atestare documentar
1216 villa Semec

Comuna Ciumeghiu este aezat n partea

de sudvest a judeului Bihor, la 50 km de
Oradea, fiind nvecinat la nord cu teritoriul
administrativ al oraului Salonta, iar la vest
cu Ungaria.

Localiti componente: Ciumeghiu (1216 villa

Semec), Boiu (1232 Nogboy, Kysdedboy), Ghiorac 2
(1214 villa Gyoroc)
Nr. de locuitori: 4.383
3
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: caste-
lul Miskolczy (1779), azi dispensar medical
Ciumeghiu; castel (sec. XIX), azi sanatoriul Cighid
Ghiorac.
Monument natural: Parcul Dendrologic Cighid
Ghiorac.

Documentary testimony
1216 villa Semec

Ciumeghiu lies in the south-western part

of Bihor county, 50 km far from Oradea, 1
bordered at north by the administrative
territory of Salonta town, at west by Hungary. 4 5 6
Villages around: Ciumeghiu (1216 villa Semec),
Boiu (1232 Nogboy, Kysdedboy), Ghiorac (1214 villa
Gyoroc)
No. of inhabitans: 4.383

Historical and architectural monuments:

Miskolczy castle (1779), today medical centre
Ciumeghiu; castle (XIX), today medical sanato-
rium Cighid Ghiorac.

Sightseeing: Dendrological Park Cighid Ghiorac.

Els okleveles emlts

1216 villa Semec 7 10

Illye kzsg a megye dlnyugati rszn fekszik,

Nagyvradtl 50 km-re, szakon Nagyszalon-
tval hatros, nyugaton pedig Magyarorszg-
gal.

A kzsg falvai: Illye (1216 villa Semec), Mezbaj

(1232 Nogboy, Kysdedboy), Erdgyarak (1214 villa
Gyoroc)
Lakosok szma: 4.383

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Miskol-

czy kastly (1779), ma orvosi rendel; XIX.
szzadi kastly, ma szanatriumknt mkdik
Erdgyarakon.

Ltnivalk: a csegdgyaraki dendrolgiai park.

1. Ciumegiu - biserica ortodox (1938) /

The Orthodox Church / Az illyei ortodox 11
templom
2. Ciumegiu castelul Miskolczy (1779) /
The Miskolczy castle / Az illyei Miskolczy
kastly
3. Castelul Miskolczy (1779) / The Miskolczy
castle / Az illyei Miskolczy kastly 9
4. Ciumegiu lac / Lake / Az illyei t
5. Blazonul familiei Tisza / Crest of Tisza
family / A Tisza csald cmere
6. Ghiorac Sanatoriul Cighid (Castelul
Tisza 1884-1898) / Cighid sanatorium / A
csegdi szanatrium (Tisza kastly)
7. Ciumeghiu car vechi / Old chariot / Rgi
szekr
8. La plimbare / Walk / Kacsasta
9. Recolt / Harvest / Betakararts
10. Boiu biserica reformat (1826) / The
Reformed Church / A mezbaji reform-
tus templom
11. Spre Boiu / On the way to Boiu / Mezbaj
fel
102
 Cociuba Mare
Alskocsoba
www.primariacociubamare.ro

Atestare documentar
1445 Kochoba

Comuna Cociuba Mare este aezat pe

valea mijlocie a Criului Negru n depresiunea
oimi-Tinca n sudul judeului Bihor, la apro-
ximativ 50 km. sud-est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Cociuba Mare (1445

Kochoba), Crsu (1371 possessiones walach-
ales Karazou inferior et superior), Chea
(1374 Kesehaza), Petid (1374 Peteghd).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.234

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Fntnia

(aezare neolitic) i Cohreti (aezare, epoca
fierului) Cociuba Mare.

1
Documentary testimony
2 3 5 1445 Kochoba

Cociuba Mare is located in the central part

of the Criul Negru valley in the oimi-Tinca
depression, southern part of Bihor county, 50
km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Cociuba Mare (1445 Kochoba),

Crsu (1371 possessiones walachales Karazou
inferior et superior), Chea (1374 Kesehaza), Petid
(1374 Peteghd).
No. of inhabitans: 3.234

Historical and architectural monuments:

Fntnia (stone age settlement) and Cohreti
(iron-age settlement) Cociuba Mare.

Els okleveles emlts

1445 Kochoba

Alskocsoba kzsg a Fekete-Krs folysnak

4 kzps rszn tallhat, a Slyom-Tenke
medencben, 50 km-re Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Alskocsoba (1445 Kochoba),

Karasz (1371 possessiones walachales
Karazou inferior et superior), Kishza (1374
Kesehaza), Petegd (1374 Peteghd).
Lakosok szma: 3.234

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: kkori s

vaskori leletek Alskocsobn.

1. Cociuba Mare casa parohial / Parish

house / Az alskocsobai parkia
2. Crsu - biserica ortodox (1949) /
The ortodox church / A karaszi ortodox
templom
3. Chea biserica reformat (sec. XX)/ The
7 Reformed Church / A kishzi reformtus
templom
4. Cociuba Mare - biserica ortodox (1899-
1900) / The Orthodox Church / A alsko-
csobai ortodox templom
5. Chea poart / Front door / Kapu
6. Petid - biserica ortodox (1931) nainte i
dup renovare / The ortodox church / A
petegdi ortodox templom
7. Petid ferm de vaci / Cow farm / petegdi
tehnfarm

103
Copcel
Kiskopcs
www.primaria-copacel.ro

Atestare documentar
1508 Kopachel

Comuna Copcel este aezat ntr-o regiune

deluroas, dar pitoreasc, la 22 km sud-est de
municipiul Oradea.

Localiti componente: Copcel (1508 Kopachel),

Bucuroaia (1508 Bokorvanya), Chijic (1236
Kuegeg), Poiana Tad (1954 ctun al satului Tad),
Srand (1236 villa Zaram), Surduc (1508 Zwrdoc).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.473

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Adormirea Maicii Domnului
(1754) Bucuroaia; biserica ortodox de lemn
Adormirea Maicii Domnului (1782) Surduc.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale:

pori sculptate Copcel.
1

Documentary testimony 2 5
1508 Kopachel

Copcel is a pitoresque and hill-surrounded

village, 22 km south-east of Oradea.

Villages around: Copcel (1508 Kopachel), Bucu-

roaia (1508 Bokorvanya), Chijic (1236 Kuegeg), Po-
iana Tad (1954 den of Tad), Srand (1236 villa
Zaram), Surduc (1508 Zwrdoc).
No. of inhabitans: 2.473

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Adormirea Maicii Domnului Orthodox wood-
en church (1754) Bucuroaia; the Adormirea
Maicii Domnului Orthodox wooden church
(1782) Surduc.

Etnography and heritage: 6

carved gates Copcel.

Els okleveles emlts

1508 Kopachel

Kiskopcs kzsg festi, dimbes-dombos

tja a megyeszkhelytl 22 km-re, dlkeletre
talhat.

A kzsg falvai: Kiskopcs (1508 Kopachel), Bokor-

vny (1508 Bokorvanya), Kegyek (1236 Kuegeg),
Kopcsmez (1954 Tasdfi tanya), Szarnd (1236
villa Zaram), lesdszurdok (1508 Zwrdoc).
Lakosok szma: 2.473

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksg: Szzanya

ortodox fatemplom (1754) Bokorvnyban s
Szurdokon (1782).

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek: 3

kiskopcsi faragott kapuk.

1. Poiana Tad peisaj / Landscape /

Kopcsmezi ltkp
2. Surduc Biserica ortodox de lemn
(1782) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
Az lesdszurdoki ortodox fatemplom
3. Bucuroiaia Biserica ortodox de lemn
(1754) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
bokorvnyi ortodox fatemplom 4
4. Bivoli din Surduc / Buffalos from Surduc /
lesdszurdoki bivalyok
5. Iaz / Water gang / Itat
6. Copcel Biserica ortodox (1934) / The
Orthodox Church / A kiskopcsi ortodox
templom
7. Chijic - Biserica ortodox (1905) / The
Orthodox Church / A kegyeki ortodox
templom

104
 Critioru de Jos
Biharkristyr
http://primariacristiorudejos.ro

Atestare documentar
1588 Chiscior

Comuna Critioru de Jos este cea mai de sud

comun a judeului, aflndu-se pe drumul
european E79 ce leag Oradea de Deva, la 96
km sud-est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Critioru de Jos (1588

Chiscior), Blc (1213 terra Baluc), Critioru de Sus,
4 Poiana (1587 Felseopen), Slite de Vacu (1588
Zelesthe) .
Nr. de locuitori: 1.641

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: serba-

rea cmpeneasc La izvorul lui Horea, la ho-
tarul dintre Poiana i Slite de Vacu n prima
duminic din iulie; meteri olari (ceramic roie
smluit) la Critioru de Jos i Slite de Vacu.

Documentary testimony
1588 Chiscior
Critioru de Jos is the southernmost village of
1 the county, along the Oradea-Deva European
road, 96 km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Critioru de Jos (1588 Chiscior),

Blc (1213 terra Baluc), Critioru de Sus, Poiana
(1587 Felseopen), Slite de Vacu (1588 Ze-
lesthe).
No. of inhabitans: 1.641

Etnography and heritage: every first Sunday

in July the La izvorul lui Horea field-feast, at
5 the border of Poiana with Slite de Vacu;
pottery (enamelled red ceramics) at Critioru
de Jos and Slite de Vacu.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Chiscior

Biharkristyr kzsg a megye legdlebbi tele-

plse, 96 km-re tallhat Nagyvradtl, a
Dva fel vezet eurpai jelzs ton.

A kzsg falvai: Biharkristyr (1588 Chiscior), Blc

(1213 terra Baluc), Felsbiharkristyr, Biharmez
(1587 Felseopen), Vaskohszeleste (1588 Zelesthe).
Lakosok szma: 1.641
2 6
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
Horea forrsa mezei nnepsg, amelyet
3 Biharmez, Szelistye s Vaskoh hatrn
rendeznek minden v jliusnak els vasr-
napjn; fazekasmhelyek (zomncozott vrs
kermia).

1. n drum spre ctunul Blc / On the way to

Blc / Blc fel vezet ton
2. Serbarea cmpeneasc La Izvorul lui
Horea / Village festival / Helyi falusi
nnep
3. Poiana - vedere / Lanscape / Biharmezi
ltkp
4. Cascada Hotran / Hotran waterfall / A
Hotran-vzess
5. Popasul lui Horea / Horea`s stage /
Horea pihenje
6. Critioru de Sus - fost moar de ap /
Former water mill / A felsbiharkristyri
volt vzimalom
105
 Curele
Tisztsfalva

Atestare documentar
1692 Czuracel
1 2 3
Comuna Curele este situat n partea de
sud-est a judeului Bihor, la 70 km de Oradea, 4
n depresiunea Beiuului, nvecinndu-se la
sud-est cu municipiul Beiu.

Localiti componente: Curele (1692 Czuracel,

Kuracsel), Beiuele (1588 Kys Bellenies), Cre-
suia (1588 Krezwlye), Nimieti (1552 Vajdafalva),
Pociovelite (1600 Poczaveleste).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.641

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: cioplitori n

lemn (unelte agricole),singura localitate din ar
unde se mai fac scri de lemn Cresuia; moar de
ap Curele; meteri opincari Nimieti.

Documentary testimony
1692 Czuracel
Curele lies in the south-east of the county,
in the Beiuului depression, neighbouring
the city of Beiu at south-east, 70 km from
Oradea.

Villages around: Curele (1692 Czuracel, Kurac-

sel), Beiuele (1588 Kys Bellenies), Cresuia (1588
Krezwlye), Nimieti (1552 Vajdafalva), Pociovelite
(1600 Poczaveleste).
No. of inhabitans: 1.641

Etnography and heritage: wood-carvers Cre-

suia; watermill Curele; shoemakers (opin-
ci) Nimieti.

5 6 7
Els okleveles emlts
1692 Czuracel

Tisztsfalva kzsg Bihar megye dlkeleti

rszn a Belnyesi medencben, Belnyes
vros kzelben, Vradtl 70 km-re fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Tisztsfalva (1692 Czuracel, Kuracsel),

Kisbelnyes (1588 Kys Bellenies), Kereszly (1588
Krezwlye), Nyimesd (1552 Vajdafalva), Pcsafalva
(1600 Poczaveleste).
Lakosok szma: 1.641

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

fafarags (fleg mezgazdasgban hasznlatos
szerszmok faragsa) Kereszlyen; vzimalom
Tisztsfalvn s bocskorgyrtk Nyimesden.

8 8

1. Iconostasul bisericii ortodoxe din

Curele (1862) / Iconostasis of the
Orthodox Church from Curele / A tisz-
tsfalvai ortodox templom ikonosztza
2. Nimieti - biserica ortodox (1870) / The
Orthodox Church / A nyimesdi ortodox
templom
3. Pociovelite biserica ortodox (1906)/
The Orthodox Church / A pcsafalvai
ortodox templom
4. Bivoli din Curele / Buffalos from
Curele / tisztsfalvai bivalyok
5. Cresuia - biserica ortodox (1740-1750)/
The Orthodox Church / A nyimesdi orto-
dox templom
6. Biserica ortodox din Curele (1862) /
The Orthodox Church from Curele / A
tisztsfalvai ortodox templom
7. Beiuele - biserica ortodox (1865) / The
Orthodox Church / A kisbelnyesi ortodox
templom
8. Beiuele tradiii agrare / Customs /
Hagyomnyos fldmvels
9. Cresuia - atelier de fabricat scri de
lemn / Craft workshop - wooden stair-
case / Faltrt gyrt mhely
106
 Curtuieni
rkrtvlyes

www.curtuiseni.ro

Atestare documentar
1342 Kurthuelus

Comuna Curtuieni este cea mai nordic

comun a judeului, n Cmpia Ierului, fiind la
7 km distan de oraul Valea lui Mihai i la 70
km de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Curtuieni (1342

Kurthuelus), Vad (1219 villa Voznad).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.791

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Dealul

Crmidriei (aezare neolitic) i Dealul
Capelei (ruin de biseric i cimitir, sec. XIII-XIV)
Curtuieni; La igani. (aezare neolitic) i
Dealul viilor (aezare, ep. fierului) Vad.

1
Documentary testimony
1342 Kurthuelus
Curtuieni is the northernmost village of the
county situated in the Ierului Field, 7 km from
Valea lui Mihai and 70 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Curtuieni (1342 Kurthuelus),

Vad (1219 villa Voznad).
No. of inhabitans: 3.791

Historical and architectural monuments:

Dealul Crmidriei (neolithic settle-
ment) and Dealul Capelei (church ruins and
cemetery, XIII-XIV) Curtuieni; La igani.
(neolithic settlement)and Dealulviilor(ironage
settlement) Vad.

Els okleveles emlts

1342 Kurthuelus

rkrtvlyes a megye legszakibb tele-

plse, az rmellken fekszik, 7 km-re
rmihlyfalvtl s 70 km-re Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: rkrtvlyes (1342 Kurthuelus),

rvasad (1219 villa Voznad).
Lakosok szma: 3.791

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

Tglagyrdomb (kkori telepls) s K-
2 3 polnadomb (XIII-XIV. szzadi templomromok s
temet); Cignyk (kkori telepls) s Szl-
domb (vaskori telepls) Vasadon.

4 5

6 1. Curtuieni - intrare n sat / Entrance /

rkrtvlyesi ltkp
2. Vad - biserica ortodox (1709) / The
Orthodox Church / Az rvasadi ortodox
templom
3. Vad - peisaj/ Landscape / rvasadi
ltkp
4. Curtuieni - biserica reformat (1840-
1848) / The Reformed Church / Az
rkrtvlyesi reformtus templom
5. Curtuieni - Primria / Local hall / Az
rkrtvlyesi Polgrmesteri Hivatal
6. Curtuieni Casa de Cultur / Culture
house / Az rkrtvlyesi kultrotthon

107
Derna
Felsderna

www.derna.ro

Atestare documentar
1406 possesio
walachalis Olahdarna
Comuna Derna este situat n partea de nord-
est a judeului Bihor, pe Dealurile Dernei, la o
distan de 50 km fa de Oradea i la 35 km
fa de Marghita. 1 2
Localiti componente: Derna (1406 possesio
walachalis Olahdarna), Dernioara (1406 possesio 3 4
walachalis Magyardarna), Sacalasu (1406 poss.
Walachalis Sasthelek), Sacalasul Nou (Nov
atelek n Slovac), Tria (1466 Therye).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.020

Monument istoric i de arhitectur: biseri-

ca ortodox de lemn Sf. Nicolae (1721)
Sacalasu.

Documentary testimony
1406 possesio
walachalis Olahdarna
Derna is situated in north-eastern part of Bihor,
among the Dernei Hills, 50 km from Oradea,
and 35 km from Marghita.

Villages around: Derna (1406 possesio walachalis

Olahdarna), Dernioara (1406 possesio walachalis
Magyardarna), Sacalasu (1406 poss. Walachalis
Sasthelek), Sacalasu Nou (Nov atelek in Slo-
vak), Tria (1466 Therye).
No. of inhabitans: 3.020

Historical monument: the Sf. Nicolae Ortho-

dox wooden church (1721) Sacalasu.
5

Els okleveles emlts

1406 possesio
walachalis Olahdarna
Felsderna kzsg a megye szakkeleti rszn
helyezkedik el a dernai dombok kztt, 50 km-
re Nagyvradtl s 35 km-re Margitttl.

A kzsg falvai: Felsderna (1406 possesio

walachalis Olahdarna), Alsderna (1406 possesio
walachalis Magyardarna), Sstelek (1406 poss.
Walachalis Sasthelek), jsstelek (Nov atelek
szlovkul), Terje (1466 Therye).
Lakosok szma: 3.020

Trtnelmi rksge: a ssteleki Szent Mikls

ortodox fatemplom (1721).

6 7

1. Sacalasul Nou - vedere / Landscape /

jssteleki ltkp
2. Tria - peisaj / Landscape / terjei ltkp
3. Dernioara biserica ortodox de lemn
(1786) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
Az alsdernai ortodox fatemplom
4. Dernioara - cas veche / Old house /
alsdernai rgi hz
5. Sacalasu - vedere / Landscape / sste-
leki ltkp
6. Sacalasul Nou biserica romano-
catolic / The catholic church / Az
jssteleki rmai katolikus templom
7. Derna pota / The post office / A
felsdernai postahivatal
8. Dernioara fntn / Well / alsdernai
kt
108
 Diosig
Bihardiszeg

www.diosig.ro

Atestare documentar
1278 Gyoziyk

Comuna Diosig este situat n partea de nord-

vest a judeului, la 32 km distan de Oradea,
ncadrndu-se n dou mari formaii geo-
morfologice - cea de cmpie joas din partea
central i de vest i cea colinar din partea
de nord-est a comunei, ceea ce a favorizat
dezvoltarea podgoriilor n zon.

Localiti componente: Diosig (1278 Gyoziyk),

Ianca (1291-1294 Joanka, villa Ivance)
Nr. de locuitori: 9.636

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: castelul

Zchy (1701) i biserica reformat (1609)
Diosig.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale:
3 manifestarea cultural Zilele Diosigului n prima
smbt i duminic din luna septembrie.

1
Documentary testimony
2 1278 Gyoziyk

Diosig lies in the north-western part of the

county, 32 km far from Oradea, twisting two
major geo-morfological sites: the lower field
in the centre and in the western part, and the
hill-shaped formation in the north-eastern
part of the village.

Villages around: Diosig (1278 Gyoziyk), Ianca

(1291-1294 Joanka, villa Ivance)
No. of inhabitans: 9.636

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Zchy castle (1701) and the Reformed Church
(1609) Diosig.
Etnography and heritage: Diosig Days every
first weekend in September.

Els okleveles emlts

1278 Gyoziyk

Bihardiszeg kzsg Nagyvradtl 32 km-re

fekszik, a megye szaknyugati rszn. A kz-
6 4 7 sget kt geomorfolgiai alakzat hatrolja:
a kzpnyugati rszen sksg, szakkeleten
dombvidk, mely kedvez feltteleket biztost a
szltermesztshez.

A kzsg falvai: Bihardiszeg (1278 Gyoziyk),

Jankafalva (1291-1294 Joanka, villa Ivance)
Lakosok szma: 9.636

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Zchy kas-

tly (1701) s a reformtus templom (1609).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
Diszegi Napok szeptember els htvgjn.

5 1. Diosig - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Bihardiszeg madrtvlatbl
2. Zilele Diosigului / Diosig`s Days /
diszegi Napok
3. Diosig Primria / Tawn Hall/
A bihardiszegi polgrmesteri hivatal
4. Diosig - biserica reformat (1609) / The
Reformed Church / A bihardiszegi
reformtus templom
5. Castelul Zchy (1701) / The Zchy castle /
A Zchy-kastly
6. Biserica romano-catolic Diosig / The
Roman Catholic church/ A bihardiszegi
rmai katolikus templom
7. Ianca troi din lemn din curtea bis-
ericii reformate / Wooden troita at the
Reformed Church / Faemlkm a jankaf-
alvi reformtus templom kertjben
109
Dobreti
Bihardobrosd

Atestare documentar
1508 Wasnosfalwa

Comuna Dobreti este situat la 38 km sud-

est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Dobreti (1508 Wasnos-

falwa), Cornieti (1588 Korpafalva), Crnceti
(1508 Kranikfalva), Hidiel, Luncasprie (1692
Lunkaspri), Rca (1954 ctun al satului Lunca-
sprie), Topa de Jos (1326 locus Tuppatheluk,
Tupatheleke), Topa de Sus (1508 Felsew Topa).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.680

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

3
ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1725 ) Lun-
casprie, biserica ortodox de lemn Adormirea
Maicii Domnului (1731 ) Topa de Jos, mori de
ap Luncasprie i Topa de Sus.
Monumente naturale: Avenul din Galeria de
Bauxit, Petera cu Ap din Valea Letea, Petera
cu Ap din Valea Videi, Peterile din Stanul Cerbu-
lui, Petera din Valea Cadului, Petera Sifoanelor.
1

2
Documentary testimony
1508 Wasnosfalwa

Dobreti lies 38 km south-east from Oradea.

Villages around: Dobreti (1508 Wasnosfalwa),

Cornieti (1588 Korpafalva), Crnceti (1508
Kranikfalva), Hidiel, Luncasprie (1692 Lunkaspri),
Rca (1954 den of Luncasprie), Topa de Jos (1326
locus Tuppatheluk, Tupatheleke), Topa de Sus
(1508 Felsew Topa).
No. of inhabitans: 5.680

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(1725) Luncasprie, the Adormirea Maicii
Domnului Orthodox wooden church (1731 )
Topa de Jos, watermills Luncasprie and Topa
de Sus.
Sightseeing: Gorge in Galeria de Bauxit,
watercave from Valea Letea, watercave from
Valea Videi, caves in Stanul Cerbului, Valea
Cadului, Dealul Teiu, and Sifoanelor cave.

Els okleveles emlts

1508 Wasnosfalwa

Bihardobrosd kzsg Nagyvradtl 38 km-re

fekszik dlkeletre.

A kzsg falvai: Bihardobrosd (1508 Wasnosfalwa),

Nagykerpesd (1588 Korpafalva), Karncsfalva
(1508 Kranikfalva), Nnhegyes, Lanks (1692
Lunkaspri), Rca (1954 Lanksi tanya), Alstopa 4
(1326 locus Tuppatheluk, Tupatheleke), Felstopa
(1508 Felsew Topa).
Lakosok szma: 5.680

Trtnelmi ptszeti rksge:

Lanks - Arkangyalok ortodox fatemplom (1725),
az alstopai ortodox fatemplom (1731), valamint
a felstopai vzimalom.
Szp tjak: Bauxit szurdok, Lte-vlgyi vizes
barlang, Vida-vlgyi vizes barlang, a Szarvas- 5
vlgyi barlangok, Tvis vlgye, Zsilipes barlang.

1. Rca peisaj / Landscape / zanksta-

nyai ltkp
2. Luncasprie biserica ortodox de lemn
(1725) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A lanksi ortodox fatemplom
3. Ocolul Silvic Dobreti / Forestry District/
A bihardobrosdi kerleti Erdszeti
hivatal 7
4. Lacul Vida / The Vida lake / A Vida-t
5. Copii din Luncasprie / Kids / lanksi
jtsztr
6. Topa de Jos biserica ortodox de lemn
(1731) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
Az alstopai ortodox fatemplom
7. Topa de Sus biserica ortodox de lemn
(1796) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A felstopai ortodox fatemplom

110
 Drgneti
Dragnfalva

www.draganesti.ro

Atestare documentar
1522 Draganfalwa

Comuna Drgneti este situat la 71 km

sudest de Municipiul Oradea, pe drumul
european ce leag Oradea de Deva.

Localiti componente: Drgneti (1522 Dra-

ganfalwa), Belejeni (1552 Belezen), Grdinari
(1422 possesio hungaricalis Negerfalwa), Livada
Beiuului (1956 Rturi), Mizie (1580 Mezess),
2 Pcleti (1895 Pakala), Pnteti (1580 Pan-
thosfalwa), ebi (1552 Nagyhsebes), Talpe (1580
Talpfalwa), ignetii de Beiu (1692 Csigany fa-
lua).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.927

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Buna Vestire (1686) Belejeni;
biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1724)
ebi; biserica ortodox de lemn Adormirea
Maicii Domnului (1731) Talpe.

Documentary testimony
1522 Draganfalwa

Drgneti is located south-east of Oradea

and Beiu, on the Oradea-Deva European road
between, 71 km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Drgneti (1522 Draganfalwa),

Belejeni (1552 Belezen), Grdinari (1422 possesio
hungaricalis Negerfalwa), Livada Beiuului (1956
Rturi), Mizie (1580 Mezess), Pcleti (1895 Pa-
kala), Pnteti (1580 Panthosfalwa), ebi (1552
Nagyhsebes), Talpe (1580 Talpfalwa), ignetii de
Beiu (1692 Csigany falua).
No. of inhabitans: 2.927

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Buna Vestire Orthodox wooden church (1686)
Belejeni; the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden
church (1724) ebi; the Adormirea Maicii Dom-
nului Orthodox wooden church (1731) Talpe.

Els okleveles emlts

1522 Draganfalwa

Dragnfalva kzsg a megyeszkhelytl s

Belnyestl dlkeletre fekszik, a Dva
1 fel vezet eurpai t mentn, 71 km-re
Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Dragnfalva (1522 Draganfalwa),

Belezsny (1552 Belezen), Kisnygerfalva
(1422 possesio hungaricalis Negerfalwa),
Livada Beiuului (1956 Rturi), Mzes (1580
Mezess), Pakala (1895 Pakala), Panatasa (1580
Panthosfalwa), Krssebes (1552 Nagyhsebes),
Talp (1580 Talpfalwa), Cignyosd (1692 Csigany
falua).
Lakosok szma: 2.927

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: ortodox fa-

templom Belnyeshegyen (1686); ortodox
fatemplom Krssebesen (1724) s Talpn (1731).

3 4
1. ebi biserica ortodox de lemn(1724)/
5 6 The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
krssebesi ortodox fatemplom
2. Mizie vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Mzes madrtvlatbl
3. Belejeni biserica ortodox de lemn
(1724) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A belezsnyi ortodox fatemplom
4. Pcleti vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Pakala madrtvlatbl
5. Talpe biserica ortodox de lemn (1731)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A talpi
ortodox fatemplom
6. Drgneti - vedere aerian / Aerial view/
Dragnfalva madrtvlatbl

111
Drgeti
Drgcske

Atestare documentar
1508 Dragckeke

Comuna Drgeti este situat n regiunea

deluroas de pe versanii sud-vestici ai
Munilor Pdurea Craiului, pe oseaua
naional DN 76 Oradea-Beiu, la 26 km sud-
est de Oradea i la 36 km distan de Beiu. 1 2
Localiti componente: Drgeti (1508
Dragckeke), Dicneti (1508 Dekanfalva), Straco 5 4 3
(1508 Istrakos), Tad (1508 Thasadfew), Topeti
(1508 Kysthoppa).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.569

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Cet-

uia (aezare fortifi-cat, sec. IV .e.n.-sec. I
e.n.) Tad, moar de ap Straco.

Monument natural: iedera arborescent (monu-

ment al naturii) Drgeti.

Documentary testimony
1508 Dragckeke

Drgeti is situated in the hilly region of south-

western side of the Pdurea Craiului Moun-
tains, on the Oradea-Beiu DN 76 national road,
26 km from Oradea and 36 km from Beiu.

Villages around: Drgeti (1508 Dragckeke),

Dicneti (1508 Dekanfalva), Straco (1508
Istrakos), Tad (1508 Thasadfew), Topeti (1508
Kysthoppa).
No. of inhabitans: 2.569 6

Historical monuments: Cetuia (fortress and

settelment, IV b. c.-I a.c.) Tad, watermill
Straco.

Sightseeing: ivy arbre (natural monument)

Drgeti.

Els okleveles emlts

1508 Dragckeke

Drgcske a Kirlyhg dombosabb, dlnyugati

oldaln, a 76-os mt mentn, a Nagyvrad
Belnyes tszakaszon, 26 km-re fekszik a
megyeszkhelytl.

A kzsg falvai: Drgcske (1508 Dragckeke),

Dknyos (1508 Dekanfalva), Isztrkos (1508
Istrakos), Tasdf (1508 Thasadfew), Toposd (1508 7
Kysthoppa).
Lakosok szma: 2.569

Trtnelmi rksge: Fellegvr (i.e. IV.i.u. I.

szzadi erdtmny) Tasdf.

Ltnivalk: repkny (termszetvdelmi vezet);

isztrkosi vzimalom.

1. Spre Straco / To Straco / Isztrkos fel

2. Drgeti - cas veche / Old house /
drgcskei rgi hz
3. Simplitate / Simplicity / Jellegzetes
kerts
4. Vremuri uitate la biserica din Topeti /
Forgotten times in the church of Topeti /
Megllt az id a toposdi templomban
5. Dicneti art n ghea / Ice art /
Jgszobor
6. Calcarele tortoriene de la Tad /
Miocene (tortorian) chalc from Tad / A
tasdfi miocn mszk
7. Tad - steag i troi / The flag and
cross / A tasdfi kereszt

112
 Fini
Vrasfenes
www.primariafinis.bihor.ro

3 Atestare documentar
1291 castrum nostrum Fenes

Comuna Fini este aezat n partea de sud-

vest a judeului Bihor la o altitudine medie
de 550 m n zona de contact a depresiunii
Beiuului cu Munii Codrului, la 67 km de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Fini (1291 castrum nos-

trum Fenes), Brusturi (1956 ctun al satului Fini),
Fizi (1552 Fyzegh), Ioani (1422 Janosfalwa),
uncui (1422 Sonkolos).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.693

Obiective interesante: mnstirea i biserica de

lemn de la Huta i pstrvria de la Huta.
Monument istoric i de arhitectur:
Cetatea Fini (1244) Fini.
1 2

Documentary testimony
1291 castrum nostrum Fenes

Fini lies in the south-west part of Bihor,

at a 553 m medium height, at the meet-
ing point of Beiuului Depression with the
Codrului Mountains, 67 km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Fini (1291 castrum nostrum

Fenes), Brusturi (1956 den of Fini), Fizi (1552
Fyzegh), Ioani (1422 Janosfalwa), uncui (1422
Sonkolos).
No. of inhabitans: 3.693

Interesting places: monastery and The Orthodox

Wooden Church in Huta and troutery.

Historical monument: Bla Fort (1244)

Fini.

4 5 6
Els okleveles emlts
1291 castrum nostrum Fenes
7
Vrasfenes kzsg a megye dlnyugati rszn
fekszik, 553 m magasan, a Belnyesi meden-
ce s a Bli-hegysg tallkozsnl, 67 km-re
Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Vrasfenes (1291 castrum

nostrum Fenes), Papktfrd (1956 Vrasfenesi
tanya), Fzegy (1552 Fyzegh), Krsjnosfalva
(1422 Janosfalwa), Belnyessonkolyos (1422
Sonkolos).
Lakosok szma: 3.693

Ltnivalk: a hutai kolostor s ortodox fatemplom,

pisztrngnevelde.

Trtnelmi rksge: a fenesi vr, vagy Blavr

(1244).

1. Fini - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Vrasfenes madrtvlatbl
2. Fini - ruinele cetii Fini (1244) / Ruins
9 of Bla Fort / Vrasfenes, az egykori
Blavra
3. Fini biserica ortodox (18471848)/
The Orthodox Church / A vrasfenesi
ortodox templom
4. Srbtoare la schitul Huta / Holiday at
the Huta abbey / nnep a hutai kolos-
tornl
5. Brusturi - cruci vechi / Old cross / Rgi
keresztek
6. Biserica ortodox de lemn de la schitul
Huta (1927) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church at the Huta abbey / Ortodox
fatemplom a hutai kolostornl
7. Ioani - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Krsjnosfalva madrtvlatbl
8. Loc de chermez n valea Fini / Place
for fun in Finis valley / Szabadtri
nnepeknek kiszabott hely a Fenes
vlgyben
9. uncui - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Belnyessonkolyos madrtvlatbl

113
Gepiu
Gyapj
www.comuna-gepiu.ro

Atestare documentar
1332 sacerdos de villa Gapyu

Comuna Gepiu se afl la mijlocul distanei

ntre Oradea i Salonta, la 20 km sud de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Gepiu (1332 sacerdos de

villa Gapyu), Bicaci (1291-1294 Bykach).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.711

Elemente peisagistice:
pdurea i lacul de acumulare Gepiu.
1

8 6 2
Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de villa Gapyu

Gepiu is at half way between Oradea and

Salonta, 20 km south of Oradea.

Villages around: Gepiu (1332 sacerdos de villa

Gapyu), Bicaci (1291-1294 Bykach).
No. of inhabitans: 1.711

Sightseeing: forest and lake in Gepiu.

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de villa Gapyu
7
Gyapj kzsg flton, Nagyvradtl 20 km-
re, Nagyvrad s Nagyszalonta kztt fekszik,
dlre.

A kzsg falvai: Gyapj (1332 sacerdos de villa

Gapyu), Mezbikcs (1291-1294 Bykach).
Lakosok szma: 1.711

Ltnivalk: a gyapji erd s gyjtt.

5 4

1. Bicaci - peisaj / Landscape/ mezbikcsi

ltkp
2. Gepiu - biserica ortodox (1850) / The
ortodox church / A mezbikcsi ortodox
templom
3. Bicaci - biserica ortodox (1956) / The
Orthodox Church / A gyapji ortodox
templom
4. Bicaci biserica romano-catolic
(1813) / The Roman-Catholic church / A
mezbikcsi rmai katolikus templom 3
5. Lacul de la Gepiu / The lake from Gepiu /
A gyapji halast
6. Gepiu Colonie biserica ortodox / The
Orthodox Church / A gyapjkolniai
ortodox templom
7. 8. Psri de curte / Poultry / Baromfi

114
 Giriu de Cri
Krsgyres
www.girisudecris.ro

Atestare documentar
1221 predium Guerus

Comuna Giriu de Cri este aezat la 15 km

de Oradea ctre sudvest, n Cmpia Criului
Repede, pe DJ 797/A.

Localiti componente: Giriu de Cri (1221 pre-

dium Guerus), Cheresig (1289 Kereseg), Trian
(1341 Teryan), Toboliu (1213 villa Gyan).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.212
1 2
Monument istoric: donjon de cetate (sec. XIII-XIV)
Cheresig.
3
Manifestri locale: n 21 mai a fiecrui an se
organizeaz ziua satului la Trian. Tot anual au
loc i Zilele Prieteniei Romno Maghiare or-
ganizate de comun n colaborare cu localitile
Krsszegapti i Harsnd din Ungaria.

Documentary testimony
1221 predium Guerus

Giriu de Cri is 15 km south-west of Oradea,

in the Criului Repede Field, on the DJ 797/A
road.

Villages around: Giriu de Cri (1221 predium

Guerus), Cheresig (1289 Kereseg), Trian (1341
Teryan), Toboliu (1213 villa Gyan).
4 No. of inhabitans: 3.212

Historical monument: fortress-tower (XIII-XIV)

5 Cheresig.

Local events: on each 21st of May people orga-

nise the village day at Tarian. At Girisu de Cris
they organise annually the Romanian Hun-
garian Friendship Days in partnership with the
Hungarian local administration of Korosszega-
pati and Harsand (Hungary).

Els okleveles emlts

1221 Predium Guerus

Krsgyres kzsg Nagyvradtl 15 km-re

fekszik, dlnyugat irnyba, a 797/A megyei
ton, a Sebes-Krs sksgn.

A kzsg falvai: Krsgyres (1221 predium

Guerus), Krsszeg (1289 Kereseg), Krstarjn
(1341 Teryan), Vizesgyn (1213 villa Gyan).
Lakosok szma: 3.212

Trtnelmi rksge:
a krsszegi Csonka Torony (XIII-XIV. szzad).

Helyi esemnyek: Mjus 21.-n falunapot

rendeznek Krstarjnban. Ugyancsak vente
rendezik meg a romn-magyar bartsg napjt,
a magyarorszgi Krsszegapti s Harsnd te-
leplsekkel kzsen.

1. Giriu de Cri biserica ortodox (Sec.

XX) / The Orthodox Church / A krsgy-
resi ortodox templom
2. Trian - biserica ortodox (Sec. XX) / The
Orthodox Church / A krsgyresi ortodox
templom
3. Giriu de Cri - biserica romanocatolic
(1792) / The Roman-Catholic church / A
krsgyresi rmai katolikus templom
4. Giriu de Cri - Primria / Local Hall / A
krsgyresi kzsghza
5. Trian - biserica romanocatolic (1865) /
The Roman Catholic Church / A krstar-
jni rmai katolikus templom

115
Hidielu de Sus
Harangmez
www.primaria-hidiseludesus.ro

Atestare documentar
1214 Harangve Mezew

Comuna Hidielu de Sus se afl situat n

partea central sudic a judeului Bihor,
traversat de drumul naional DN 76 Oradea-
Beiu, la 17 km sud-est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Hidielu de Sus (1214

Harangve Mezew), Hidielu de Jos (1435
Alamamezeo), Mierlu (1214 Nyr Mezew), Sn-
telec (1435 Zentelek), umugiu (1692 Somody,
Symeggy, Pusta Somogy).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.324

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.

Arhangheli (sec. XVIII) Hidielu de Jos.

Documentary testimony
1214 Harangve Mezew 1
Hidielu de Sus lies in the mid-southern part
of Bihor County, on the Oradea-Beiu DN 76
national road, 17 km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Hidielu de Sus (1214

Harangve Mezew), Hidielu de Jos (1435
Alamamezeo), Mierlu (1214 Nyr Mezew), Sn-
telec (1435 Zentelek), umugiu (1692 Somody,
Symeggy, Pusta Somogy).
No. of inhabitans: 3.324

Historical monument: the Sf. Arhengheli Or-

thodox wooden church (XVIII) Hidielu de Jos.

Els okleveles emlts 2 3

1214 Harangve Mezew
4 6
Harangmez kzsg Bihar megye dlkzp
rszn terl el Nagyvradtl 17 km tvolsgra,
s tszeli a 76-os, Belnyes fel vezet mt.

A kzsg falvai: Harangmez (1214 Harangve

Mezew), Almamez (1435 Alamamezeo), Nyrl
(1214 Nyr Mezew), Biharszenttelek (1435 Zen-
telek), Vraduzsopa (1692 Somody, Symeggy,
Pusta Somogy).
Lakosok szma: 3.324

Trtnelmi rksge: Arkangyalok ortodox fa-

templom (XVIII. szzad).

1. umugiu - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Vraduzsopa madrtvlatbl
2. Hidielu de Jos - lac de pescuit / Fishing
lake / Az almamezi halast
3. Hidielu de Sus - biserica ortodox de 7
lemn (1998) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A harangmezi ortodox fatem-
plom
4. Sntelec - peisaj / Landscape / bihar-
szentteleki ltkp
5. Hidielu de Jos - peisaj / Landscape /
almamezi ltkp
6. Hidielu de Jos - biserica ortodox de
lemn (1730) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / Az almamezi ortodox fatemp-
lom
7. Mierlu - strada principal cu biserica
ortodox (1910) / main street with te
Orthodox Church / A nyrli futca az
ortodox templommal

116
 Holod
Pusztaholld
www.primariaholod.ro

Atestare documentar
1326 possesio Hydus
Comuna Holod este aezat la aproximativ 40
km sudest de Oradea, fiind strbtut de Criul
Negru.
1 2 Localiti componente: Holod (1326 poss. Hydus),
Dumbrava (1828 Mocsr), Dumbrvia (1374 Dombra-
wytza), Forosig (1508 Forrozeegh), Hodi (1326 posse-
3 sio populosa Hudus), Lupoaia (1508 Farkaspathaka),
Valea Mare de Codru (1828 Nagy Patak, Valle Mare),
Vintere (1349 terra seu poss. Felwenter, Felventer).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.560

Evenimente locale: anual, n ultima duminic a lunii

martie se in manifestrile culturale n memoria
lui Iosif Vulcan, ilustru crturar, nscut la Holod.
De asemenea, penultima smbt i duminic, anual,
au loc manifestrile cultural-sportive Zilele Holodului.

Documentary testimony
1326 possesio Hydus

Holod is located at about 40 km south-east ofOr-

adea and it is crossed by Criul Negru river. It is
also a railway-knot.

Villages around: Holod (1326 poss. Hydus), Dumbrava

(1828 Mocsr), Dumbrvia (1374 Dombrawytza), Foro-
sig (1508 Forrozeegh), Hodi (1326 possesio populosa
Hudus), Lupoaia (1508 Farkaspathaka), Valea Mare de
Codru (1828 Nagy Patak, Valle Mare), Vintere (1349
terra seu poss. Felwenter, Felventer).
No. of inhabitans: 3.560

Local events: Every year on the last Sunday of

March local authorities organise the Iosif Vulcan
Memorial Days, an important figure of Romanian
4 5 literature and culture. Holod cultural and sports
days are also organised annually on the penultimate
Saturday and Sunday of the year.

Els okleveles emlts

1326 possesio Hydus

Pusztaholld a megyeszkhelytl dlkeletre, 40

km-re fekszik, a Fekete-Krs szeli t. A telepls
vasti csompont.

A kzsg falvai: Pusztaholld (1326 poss. Hydus),

Tenkemocsr (1828 Mocsr), Kisdombr (1374
Dombrawytza), Forrszeg (1508 Forrozeegh),
Kptalanhdos (1326 possesio populosa Hudus),
Farkaspatak (1508 Farkaspathaka), Alspatak (1828
Nagy Patak, Valle Mare), Venter (1349 terra seu
poss. Felwenter, Felventer).
Lakosok szma: 3.560

Helyi esemnyek: minden v mrciusnak utol-

s vasrnapjn Iosif Vulcan, holldi szlets r
emlkre szerveznek kulturlis esemnyeket. Ha-
sonlkppen ves rendszeressggel tartjk meg
a holldi kulturlis-, s sport napokat, az v utols
eltti htvgjn.

6 7

1. Holod - statuia lui Iosif Vulcan (1973) /

Statue of Iosif Vulcan writer / A puszta-
holldi szlets Iosif Vulcan r szobra
2. Dumbrvia - biserica ortodox (1924)/
The Orthodox Church / A kisdombri
ortodox templom
8 3. Holod Mnstirea Franciscan / The
Franciscan Monastery / A pusztaholldi
ferences kolostor
4. Hodi cas veche / Old house / kpta-
lanhodosi rgi hz
5. Dumbrava - biserica ortodox (1863) /
The Orthodox Church / A tenkemocsri
ortodox templom
6. Forosig - vedere / Landscape / forszegi
ltkp
7. Vintere car vechi / Old chariot / venteri
rgi szekr
8. Valea Mare de Codru - vedere / Land-
scape / Tli alspataki ltkp

117
Husasu de Tinca
Biharhosszasz
comunahusasaudetinca.ro

Atestare documentar
1332 sacerdos de villa Hirziezo

Comuna Husasu de Tinca este situat n sud-

vestul judeului, la 35 km distan de Oradea
i la 30 km de Salonta.

Localiti componente: Husasu de Tinca (1332

sacerdos de villa Hirziezo), Fonu (1583 Rwssfalva),
Miersig (1337 sacerdos de villa Narzeg), Oand
(1213 villa Vosian), Sititelec (1213 villa Scesul).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.368

5
Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de villa Hirziezo
Husasu de Tinca lies in the south-western
part of the county, 35 km far from Oradea and
30 km from Salonta.

Villages around: Husasu de Tinca (1332 sacerdos

de villa Hirziezo), Fonu (1583 Rwssfalva), Miersig
(1337 sacerdos de villa Narzeg), Oand (1213 villa
Vosian), Sititelec (1213 villa Scesul).
No. of inhabitans: 2.368
1 6

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de villa Hirziezo

Biharhosszasz a megye dlnyugati rszn

terl el, 35 km-re Nagyvradtl s 30 km-re
Nagyszalonttl.
A kzsg falvai: Biharhosszasz (1332 sacerdos
de villa Hirziezo), Rzsafalva (1583 Rwssfalva),
Nyrszeg (1337 sacerdos de villa Narzeg), Vasnd
(1213 villa Vosian), Szkelytelek (1213 villa Scesul).
Lakosok szma: 2.368

2 7

3 8

1. Miersig - peisaj / Landscape / nyrszegi 4 9

ltkp
2. Husasu de Tinca - vedere general /
Landscape / biharhosszaszi ltkp
3. Lacul de la Miersig / Lake from Miersig /
A nyrszegi t
4. Sititelec - vedere / Landscape/
szkelyteleki ltkp
5. Oand - peisaj / Landscape / vasndi
ltkp
6. Sititelec - biserica ortodox / The Or-
thodox Church / A szkelyteleki ortodox
templom
7. Fonu - biserica ortodox / The Orthodox
Church / A rzsafalvai ortodox templom
8. coala din Husasu de Tinca /
School from Husasu de Tinca /
A biharhosszaszi iskola
9. Lacul de pescuit de la Sititelec / Fishing
lake / A szkelyteleki halast

118
 Ineu
Krskisjen
http://primariaineu.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1214 villa Ieneu

1 2 Comuna Ineu este situat la 15 km est de

Oradea i la 6 km vest de comuna Tileagd,
3 pe valea Criului Repede, fiind aezat n
ntregime pe lunca acestui ru i mrginit
la nord de dealurile ce se prelungesc de la
Oradea spre est.

Localiti componente: Ineu (1214 villa Ieneu),

Botean (1366 Botthyan), Husasu de Cri (1236
Huzzeuozo).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.070

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (1720) i coala
Botean (1890).

Documentary testimony
1214 villa Ieneu

Ineu lies 15 km east from Oradea and 6 km

west from Tileagd, along the riverbanks of
4 Criul Repede.

Villages around: Ineu (1214 villa Ieneu),

5 6 Botean (1366 Botthyan), Husasu de Cri (1236
Huzzeuozo).
No. of inhabitans: 4.070

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(1720) and school (1890), Botean.

Els okleveles emlts

1214 villa Ieneu

Krskisjen 15 km-re fekszik Nagyvradtl, 6

km-re Telegd kzsgtl, a Sebes-Krs partjn.
szakrl, a Nagyvradtl keletre hzd domb-
lncok vezik.

A kzsg falvai: Krskisjen (1214 villa Ieneu),

Mezbottyn (1366 Botthyan), Krskisjfalu (1236
Huzzeuozo).
Lakosok szma: 4.070

ptszeti hagyatka: Arkangyalok fatemplom

(1720) s a bottyni iskolaplet (1890).

1. Husasu de Cri cimea tradiional /

Traditional drip / krskisjfalui utcai kt
2. Ineu - pdure / Forrest / A krskisjeni
erd
3. Husasu de Cri - vedere general /
Landscape / krskisjfalui ltkp
4. Ineu - biserica ortodox (1775-1833) /
The Orthodox Church / A krskisjeni
ortodox templom
5. Botean biserica ortodox de lemn
(1720) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A mezbottyni ortodox fatemplom
6. Botean - pictur pe lemn din biserica
veche de lemn (1721) nfieaz
moartea sub aspectul unui schelet/
Botean painting on wood in the old
wooden church (1721), it presents
death / Mezbottyn (Botean) a rgi,
1721-ben plt fatemplomban lv
festmny a hallt brzolja.

119
Lazuri de Beiu
Belnyesirts
lazuridebeius.ro

Atestare documentar
1588, 1692 Lazur

Comuna Lazuri de Beiu este situat la sud

est de Municipiul Oradea i de Beiu, pe dru-
mul european ce leag Oradea de Deva, la 80 1 2
km. de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Lazuri de Beiu (1588, 3 4 5

1692 Lazur ), Bleni (1580 Bolilith), Cusuiu (1588
Koywyenies), Hinchiri (1588, 1692 Henkeres).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.875

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn nlarea Maicii Domnu-
lui (1750), Hinchiri; biserica ortodox de lemn
Pogorrea Sf. Duh (1752), Lazuri de Beiu,
moar de ap i joagr, Lazuri de Beiu.
Monumante ale naturii: petera din Oiel, petera
din Prul tirbilei.

Documentary testimony
1588, 1692 Lazur

Lazuri de Beiu lies south-east of Oradea and

Beiu, on the Oradea-Deva European road, 80
km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Lazuri de Beiu (1588, 1692 6

Lazur ), Bleni (1580 Bolilith), Cusuiu (1588 Koy-
wyenies), Hinchiri (1588, 1692 Henkeres).
No. of inhabitans: 1.875

Historical and architectural monuments: the

nlarea Maicii Domnului Orthodox wooden
church (1750), Hinchiri; the Pogorrea Sf.
Duh Orthodox wooden church (1752), Lazuri
de Beiu, watermill and saw, Lazuri de Beiu.

Natural monuments: Oiel cave, Prul

tirbilei cave.

Els okleveles emlts

1588, 1692 Lazur

Belnyesirts kzsg a megyeszkhelytl s

Belnyestl dlnyugatra fekszik, a Dva fel
vezet eurpai ton, 80 km-re Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Belnyesirts (1588, 1692 Lazur

), Balalny (1580 Bolilith), Kszvnyes (1588
Koywyenies), Henkeres (1588, 1692 Henkeres).
Lakosok szma: 1.875

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a henkeresi

ortodox fatemplom (1750), a kszvnyesi ortodox
fatemplom (1752), vzimalom s vzifrsz.
Termszeti rksge: barlangok (Oiel, Prul
tirbilei)

1. Bleni - punea satului / Lease / A

balalnyi legel
2. Hinchiri vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Henkeres madrtvlatbl
3. Hinchiri cruce veche din lemn / Old
wooden cross / Henkeres, rgi fakereszt
4. Cusuiu cas veche / Old house / ksz-
vnyesi rgi hz
5. Hinchiri biserica ortodox de lemn
(1750) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A henkeresi ortodox fatemplom
6. Lazuri de Beiu biserica ortodox de
lemn (1752) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A belnyesirtsi ortodox
fatemplom

120 120
 Lzreni
Miklirts
primarialazareni.wordpress.com

Atestare documentar
1828 Miklo Lzur

Comuna Lzreni este situat n Dealurile

Tadului la circa 30 km sud de Oradea, pe
10 drumul judeean 768 spre Holod.

Localiti componente: Lzreni (1828 Miklo L-

zur), Biccel (1508 Hozzwbykach), Calea Mare
(1552 Magyar Gyepes), Crndeni (1493 Karand),
Crnzel (1552,1587 Kyskarand), Gepi (1338 poss.
Chepusteluk), Gruilung, Miheleu (1355 Mehleu).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.039

Monument al naturii: calcarele tortoriene de la

Miheleu
1

2
Documentary testimony
1828 Miklo Lzur

Lzreni lies among the Tadului Hills, 30

km south from Oradea, on the 768 county road
to Holod.

Villages around: Lzreni (1828 Miklo Lzur),

9 Biccel (1508 Hozzwbykach), Calea Mare (1552
Magyar Gyepes), Crndeni (1493 Karand),
Crnzel (1552,1587 Kyskarand), Gepi (1338 poss.
Chepusteluk), Gruilung, Miheleu (1355 Mehleu).
No. of inhabitans: 3.039

Sightseeing: limestones from Miheleu

Els okleveles emlts

3 1828 Miklo Lzur

Miklirts a tasdmezei dombok kztt

fekszik, 30 km-re Nagyvradtl, a Holld fel
vezet 768-as megyei ton.

A kzsg falvai: Miklirts (1828 Miklo Lzur),

Pusztabikcs (1508 Hozzwbykach), Magyargyepes
(1552 Magyar Gyepes), Nagykrnd (1493 Karand),
8 Kiskrnd (1552,1587 Kyskarand), Olhgyepes
(1338 poss. Chepusteluk), Hosszliget, Mhel
(1355 Mehleu).
Lakosok szma: 3.039

Ltnivalk: a mheli mszkvek

6 7

1. Biccel cimea tradiional / Tradi-

tional drip / pusztabikcsi utcai kt
2. coala din Lzreni School of Lzreni/
A miklirtsi iskola
3. Miheleu iarna pe uli / Winter on
streets / Mhel - tli utca
4. Biccel cas veche / Old house /
pusztabikcsi rgi hz
5. Biccel - pune / Lease / Pusztabikcsi
legel
6. Crndeni - biserica ortodox (1936) /
The Orthodox Church / A nagykrndi
ortodox templom
7. Crnzel clopot / Bell / A kiskrndi
harang
8. Calea Mare - biserica ortodox veche
(1836) - interior / The old Orthodox
Church - inside / A magyargyepesi rgi
ortodox templom
9. Lzreni Primria / Local hall /
Miklirts Polgrmesteri Hivatala
10. Miheleu - peisaj de iarn / Landscape /
mheli ltkp

121
 Lugau de Jos
Alslugas
www.lugas.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 villa
Lugas
Comuna Lugau de Jos este situat
n partea central a judeului Bihor
pe drumul european E60, la circa 34 km est
de municipiul Oradea. Cea mai mare parte
din suprafaa comunei se ntinde n depresi- 1 2
unea Vad Borod, pe malul drept al Criului
Repede, care formeaz aici un important lac
de acumulare; satul Lugau de Sus se afl n 3 4
zona premontan a munilor Plopi.

Localiti componente: Lugau de Jos (1291-

1294 villa Lugas), Lugau de Sus (1291-1294 villa
Lugas), Urvind (1282 Vluend).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.314

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox Naterea Maicii Domnului (sec. XVII)
Lugau de Jos; biserica ortodox de lemn Buna
Vestire (1720) Lugau de Sus.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Lugas
Lugau de Jos is situated in the centre of Bi-
hor, along E60, 34 km east of Oradea. The
largest part of the village lies in the Vad
Borod Depression.

Villages around: Lugau de Jos (1291-1294 villa

Lugas), Lugau de Sus (1291-1294 villa Lugas),
Urvind (1282 Vluend).
No. of inhabitans: 3.314

Historical and architecture monuments: the

Naterea Maicii Domnului Orthodox Church
(XVII) Lugau de Jos; the Buna Vestire Or-
thodox wooden church (1720) Lugau de Sus.

5 6 7
Els okleveles emlts
1291-1294 villa Lugas

Alslugas kzsg Bihar megye kzponti r-

szn fekszik, az E60-as mt mentn, 34 km-
re Nagyvradtl. A kzsg legnagyobb rsze a
RvBrd medencben fekszik, a kzsg kz-
pontja pedig a Rz-hegysg lbnl.

A kzsg falvai: Alslugos (1291-1294 villa Lugas),

Felslugos (1291-1294 villa Lugas), rvnd (1282
Vluend).
Lakosok szma: 3.314

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

alslugasi Szzanya ortodox templom (XVII. sz-
zad), s felslugasi ortodox fatemplom (1720).

1. Lugau de Jos vedere / Landscape /

alslugasi ltkp
2. Urvind biserica reformat (1918) / The
Reformed Church / Az rvndi reform-
tus templom
3. Lugau de Sus biserica ortodox de
lemn (1720)/ The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A felslugasi ortodox fatemp-
lom
4. Criul Repede / Criul Repede river / A
Sebes-Krs Alslugasnl
5. Lugau de Jos - biserica ortodox (1650)
/ The Orthodox Church / Az alslugasi
ortodox templom
6. Urvind vedere / Landscape / rvndi
ltkp
7. Urvind - car vechi / Old chariot from
Urvind / rvndi rgi szekr
8. Lugau de Sus vedere / Landscape /
alslugasi ltkp
9. Lugau de Jos - pensiune (fost castel al
contelui Zchy- 1840) / Pension (ex Zchy
mansion) / Az alslugasi panzi (volt
Zchy-kria)

122
 Lunca
Biharlonka
www.primaria-lunca.ro

Atestare documentar
1588 Lonka

Comuna Lunca se afl n sudvestul judeului

Bihor, la 84 km de Oradea, ncadrndu-se n
inutul Munilor CodruMoma, este situat pe
limita dintre cele dou uniti de relief Munii
CodruMoma i Munii Bihorului ca o punte
format dintr-o zon de dealuri la cumpna
dintre Criul Alb i Criul Negru.

Localiti componente: Lunca (1588 Lonka), Bri-

heni (1588 Brehen), Hotrel (1527-1528 Hathar),
Srbeti (1692 Szurbesty), Seghite (1503 presby-
ter valachalis de Segesfalva), utiu (1588 Kzeb-
susdh), Urseti (1580).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.140

Manifestri etnografice i tradiionale: ncondeiat

de ou de pate, Lioara, obicei de primvar
practicat a doua zi de Pate n cimitirul satului
Lunca odat cu pomenile i dezlegarea la mori;
textile tradiionale Lunca; mori de ap Lunca
1 i utiu.

2 6

Documentary testimony
1588 Lonka

Lunca is in the south-western part of Bihor,

being part of the Codru Moma Mountains. It
is situated at the meeting-line of the Codru
Moma Mountains with the Bihorului Moun-
tains a hill-bridge between the Criul Alb
and Criul Negru rivers.

Villages around: Lunca (1588 Lonka), Briheni

(1588 Brehen), Hotrel (1527-1528 Hathar),
Srbeti (1692 Szurbesty), Seghite (1503 presby-
ter valachalis de Segesfalva), utiu (1588 Kzeb-
susdh), Urseti (1580).
3 No. of inhabitans: 3.140

Etnography and heritage: Easter egg-painting,

Lioara, (springtime custom on the second
day of Easter, out in the Churchyard, in order
to pray for the dead); traditional fabrics
Lunca; watermills Lunca and utiu.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Lonka

Biharlonka a megye dlnyugati rszn

fekszik, a Bli hegysgben, a Bli s Bi-
hari hegylncok hatrn. Ennek a fldrajzi
alakulatnak klnleges szpsgt a Fehr-
Krs s Fekete-Krs kztti dombok adjk.
4 7 8 A kzsg falvai: Biharlonka (1588 Lonka), Ber-
hny (1588 Brehen), Hatr (1527-1528 Hathar),
Szerbesd (1692 Szurbesty), Szegyesd (1503 pres-
byter valachalis de Segesfalva), Susd (1588 Kzeb-
susdh), Urseti (1580).
Lakosok szma: 3.140

Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:

hsvti hmestojs-fests, Lioara - tavaszi np-
szoks, amikor is Hsvt msodnapjn a falu
temetjbe ltogatnak a megemlkezst s az
rk letet hirdet lakosok; vzimalmok Lonkn
s Ssdn.

1. Urseti cas veche / Old house /

5 9 Ursesti-i rgi hz
2. Briheni - groap de cartofi / Potatoes
hole / berhnyi burgonyagdr
3. Urseti - biserica ortodox (Sec. XIX)/
The Orthodox Church / Az ursesti-i
ortodox templom
4. Lunca - biserica ortodox (1908) / The
Orthodox Church / A biharlonkai ortodox
templom
5. Cuptor de var / White heat kiln /
Mszget
6. Pune Briheni / Lease / A berhnyi
legel
7. Srbeti cas veche - interior / Old
house - inside / szerbesdi rgi hz
8. utiu - biserica ortodox (Sec XIX)/ The
Orthodox Church / A susdi ortodox
templom
9. Seghite - vedere general / Landscape /
szegyesdi ltkp
123
Mdras
Madarsz
http://primaria-madaras.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 Madaraz 1 2

Comuna Mdras se afl la 30 km. sud de

Oradea, n Cmpia Criurilor, la 9 km de
Salonta.

Localiti componente: Mdras (1291-1294 Ma-

daraz), Homorog (1202-1203 Homorb), Ianoda
(1203 forun Janosd), Mrihaz (1291 villa filiorum
Marcelli).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.021

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox Adormirea

Maicii Domnului (1836-1837) Homorog.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 Madaraz

Mdras lies along the E 671 Oradea-Arad

road, 30 km south of Oradea and 9 km from 3 4
Salonta.

Villages around: Mdras (1291-1294 Madaraz),

Homorog (1202-1203 Homorb), Ianoda (1203
forun Janosd), Mrihaz (1291 villa filiorum Marcelli).
No. of inhabitans: 3.021

Historical monument: the Mother of God Fall-

ing Asleep Orthodox Church at Homorog is an
architectural monument (1836-1837).

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 Madaraz

Madarsz kzsg 30 km-re, dlre fekszik

5
Nagyvradtl a Krsk sksgn, s 9 km-re
Nagyszalonttl.

A kzsg falvai: Madarsz (1291-1294 Madaraz),

Olhhomorog (1202-1203 Homorb), Jnosda
(1203 forun Janosd), Marcihza (1291 villa filio-
rum Marcelli)
Lakosok szma: 3.021

Trtnelmi rksge: az olhhomorogi ortodox

templom (1836-1837).

1. Mdras - motel / Motel / madarszi

motel
2. Mrihaz - biserica ortodox (1923) / The
Orthodox Church / A marcihzai ortodox
templom
3. Homorog - biserica ortodox (1836) /
The Orthodox Church / Az olhhomorogi
ortodox templom
4. Ianoda - vedere / Lanscape / jnosdai
ltkp
5. Mdras - trand / Lido / A madarszi
frd
6. Homorog - vedere / Lanscape / olh-
homorogi ltkp
7. Ianoda - gard de nuiele / Hedge / Jnos-
dai svny
8. Mdras - complex agrement/ leisure
complex / madarszi dlkzpont
9. Ianoda - fntn / Draw well / jnosdai
gmeskt

124
 Mgeti
Szszfalva

www.primariamagesti.ro

Atestare documentar
1508 Zazhaza

Comuna Mgeti este situat n depresiunea

Vad Borod, la 46 km est de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Mgeti (1508 Zazhaza),

Butani (1552 Rekasdh), Cacuciu Nou (1482, 1552
Olah Kakwch), Dobricioneti (1360 Dobrocson-
haza), Gleni (1552 Galoshaza), Josani (ctun al
satului Cbeti 1956), Ortiteag (1335 Urguteg)
Nr. de locuitori: 2.878

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biseric

reformat (sec. XIII) Cacuciu Nou; biserica
ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (sec. XVIII)
Josani.
Elemente peisagistice: petera Gleni
(rezervaie speo-carstic cu o lungime de peste
2 km.), petera de la Moara Jurjii sau petera
de la Izbucul Jurjii este situat la obria Vii
Glenilor.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: vechi cri
de cult Josani.
1

Documentary testimony
1508 Zazhaza

Mgeti is located in the Vad Borod Depres-

sion, 46 km east from Oradea.

Villages around: Mgeti (1508 Zazhaza), Butani

(1552 Rekasdh), Cacuciu Nou (1482, 1552 Olah
Kakwch), Dobricioneti (1360 Dobrocsonhaza),
Gleni (1552 Galoshaza), Josani (den Cbeti
1956), Ortiteag (1335 Urguteg)
No. of inhabitans: 2.878

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Reformed Church (XIII) Cacuciu Nou; the Sf.
Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church (XVIII)
2 Josani.
Sightseeing: Gleni cave (2 km long speo-
carstic reservation), Moara Jurjii cave or
3 Izbucul Jurjii cave in the Galasenilor Valey,
Mgeti.
Etnography and heritage: ancient religious
books Josani.

5
Els okleveles emlts
1508 Zazhaza
6
Szszfalva a RvBrd medencben fekszik,
Nagyvradtl 46 km-re, keletre.

A kzsg falvai: Szszfalva (1508 Zazhaza), Rikosd

(1552 Rekasdh), Magyarkakucs (1482, 1552 Olah
Kakwch), Doborcsny (1360 Dobrocsonhaza),
Gloshza (1552 Galoshaza), Krajnikfalva (1956
Biharkabai tanya), rgeteg (1335 Urguteg)
Lakosok szma: 2.878

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

a magyarkakucsi XIII. szzadi reformtus temp-
lom s a krajnikfalvi ortodox fatemplom (XIII.
szzad)
Ltnivalk: gelecsnyi barlang (2 km. hos-
sz karsztikus barlangrezervtum), ms, a
Gelecsny vlgyben tallhat barlangok
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
Krajnikfalvn nagy rtk rgi imaknyvek ta-
llhatk.

1. Mgeti cas veche / Old house /

szszfalvi rgi hz
2. Ortiteag - biserica baptist / The Baptist
Church / Az rgetegi baptista templom
3. Josani biserica ortodox de lemn (sec.
4 XVIII) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
krajnikfalvai ortodox fatemplom
4. Petera Gleni / Galaseni cave / A
gloshzi barlang
5. Josani - vedere / Lanscape / krajnikfalvi
ltkp
6. Dobricioneti - vedere / Lanscape /
doborcsnyi ltkp
7. Cacuciu Nou biserica reformat
(sec. XIII) / The Reformed Church /
A magyarkakucsi reformtus templom

125
 Nojorid
Nagyrgd
www.primarianojorid.ro

Atestare documentar 4
1229 Villa Irug

Comuna Nojorid, component a Zonei Met-

ropolitane Oradea, se afl la 8 km sud de
Oradea, pe drumul naional 79 ce leag
Oradea de Arad.

Localiti componente: Nojorid (1229 villa Irug),

Apateu (1219 villa Apati), Chiirid (1273 villa Irgud), 1
Le (1291-1294 Lesuy), Livada de Bihor (fost ctun
al satului Nojorid 1954), Pua (1291-1294
Posalaka), auaieu (1216 villa Sari).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.570

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.

Dumitru (1770-1780) , Pua.
5

Documentary testimony
1229 Villa Irug

Nojorid, as part of the Oradea Metropolitan

Area, lies 8 km south from Oradea, on the
Oradea-Arad 79 road.

Villages around: Nojorid (1229 villa Irug),

Apateu (1219 villa Apati), Chiirid (1273 villa Irgud),
Le (1291-1294 Lesuy), Livada de Bihor (ex den
of Nojorid 1954), Pua (1291-1294 Posalaka),
auaieu (1216 villa Sari).
No. of inhabitans: 4.570

Historical monument: the Sf. Dumitru Or-

thodox wooden church (1770-1780) , Pua. 2 3 6

Els okleveles emlts

1229 Villa Irug

Nagyrgd kzsg rsze a nagyvradi

metrpolisz vezetnek, a megyeszkhelytl
8 km-re dlre fekszik a 79-es mton.

A kzsg falvai: Nagyrgd (1229 villa Irug),

Olhapti (1219 villa Apati), Kisrgd (1273 villa
Irgud), Vradless (1291-1294 Lesuy), Mcsapuszta
(Nagyrgd volt Tanya 1954), Vradpsa (1291-
1294 Posalaka), Biharslyi (1216 villa Sari).
Lakosok szma: 4.570

Trtnelmi rksge: a vradpsai Szent De-

meter ortodox fatemplom (1770-1780).

9
1. Lacul auaieu / Lake / A biharslyi t
2. Tradiie local n auaieu / Local custom/ 10
biharslyi hagyomny
3. Nojorid biserica ortodox (1909) / The
Orthodox Church / A nagyrgdi ortodox
templom
4. Nojorid centru / Centre of Nojorid / A
nagyrgdi kzsgi kzpont
5. auaieu peisaj / Landscape / biharslyi
ltkp
6. Chiirid dup vntoare / After hunting/
Vadszat utn a kisrgdi erdben
7. Livada de Bihor lacul Alceu / Alceu lake/
A biharslyi t
8. Pua biserica ortodox de lemn (1770-
1780) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
vradpsai ortodox fatemplom
9. Apateu biserica ortodox (1810) / The
Orthodox Church / Az olhapti ortodox
templom
10. Cmin cultural Le - mozaic de Aurel Pop /
Cultural House / A vradlesi mveldsi
hz

126
 Olcea
Olcsa
www.comunaolcea.ro

Atestare documentar
1552 Olchya

1 2 Comuna Olcea este situat n partea de sud

a judeului Bihor, la aproximativ 60 km de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Olcea (1552 Olchya),

Clacea (1312 villa Colosa), Hodiel (1580 Kysho-
dos), Ucuri (1344 terra Ukrvs).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.965

Cminul cultural din Ucuri poart numele poetei

Lucreia Suciu pentru a eterniza memoria poetei
care a fost din localitatea Ucuri. De activitatea
literar a Lucreiei Suciu este legat apariia re-
vistei Foaia Literar n anul 1897 la Oradea.

Documentary testimony
1552 Olchya

Olcea is located in the south of Bihor County,

60 km far from Oradea.

Villages around: Olcea (1552 Olchya), Clacea

3 4 (1312 villa Colosa), Hodiel (1580 Kyshodos),
Ucuri (1344 terra Ukrvs).
No. of inhabitans: 2.965
5 9
The culture house from Ucuri bears the name
of a poet, Lucreia Suciu whose name is linked
to the first edition of the Foaia Literar revue
in Oradea.

Els okleveles emlts

1552 Olchya

Olcsa kzsg a megye dli rszn fekszik, 60

km-re Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Olcsa (1552 Olchya), Blkalocsa

(1312 villa Colosa), Pusztahodos (1580 Kyshodos),
krs (1344 terra Ukrvs).
6 Lakosok szma: 2.965

Az krsi mveldsi hz Lucreia Suciu, he-

lyi szlets klt nevt viseli, akihez a Foaia
Literar irodalmi jsg 1897es megjelense
fzdik.

1. Clacea - grdinia / Kindergarten / A

blkalocsai voda
2. Feti din Hodiel / Little girl / pusztaho-
dosi kislny
3. Olcea lac / Lake / olcsai t
4. Hodiel gte pe ulii / Landscape /
Pusztahodosi ltkp
5. Olcea - biserica ortodox (1947 - 1949)/
The Orthodox Church / Az olcsai rgi
ortodox templom
6. Clacea - biserica ortodox (1907 - 1909)
/ The Orthodox Church / A blkalocsai
rgi ortodox templom
8 7. Ucuri - biserica ortodox (1909) / The
Orthodox Church / Az krsi rgi ortodox
templom
8. Hodiel - biserica ortodox (1989) / The
Orthodox Church / A pusztahodosi rgi
ortodox templom
9. Bine ai venit! / Wellcome / Isten ho-
zott! - megyehatr

127
 Oorhei
Fugyivsrhely

www.primaria-osorhei.ro

Atestare documentar
1391 Wasarhel

Comuna Oorhei, component a Zonei Metro-

politane Oradea este situat n partea de est
a municipiului Oradea, la 8 km distan, pe
oseaua internaional E60, fiind aezat pe
terasele rului Criul Repede.

Localiti componente: Oorhei (1391 Wasarhel),

Alparea (1272-1290 Alpar), Cheriu (1202-1203
villa Alqueri), Felcheriu (1202-1203 villa Felquery),
Fughiu (1236 villa Fudy).
Nr. de locuitori: 5.874 1
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica
reformat (sec. XVIII) Fughiu; biserica ortodox
Adormirea Maicii Domnului (1710) Oorhei.

Documentary testimony
1391 Wasarhel

Osorhei, as part of the Oradea Metropolitan

Region, lies 8 km east from Oradea, on the
E60 road, along the banks of Criul Repede
river.

Villages around: Oorhei (1391 Wasarhel), Alparea

(1272-1290 Alpar), Cheriu (1202-1203 villa Alqueri),
Felcheriu (1202-1203 villa Felquery), Fughiu (1236
villa Fudy).
No. of inhabitans: 5.874
2 3
Historical and architectural monuments: the
Reformed Church (XVIII) Fughiu; the Ador-
mirea Maicii Domnului Orthodox Church 6
(1710) Oorhei.

Els okleveles emlts

1391 Wasarhel

Fugyivsrhely a nagyvradi Metropolisz

vezet rsze, 8 km-re keletre helyezkedik el
a megyeszkhelytl, az E60-as eurpai ton, a
Sebes-Krs partjn.

A kzsg falvai: Fugyivsrhely (1391 Wasarhel),

Vradalpr (1272-1290 Alpar), Alkr (1202-1203
villa Alqueri), Felkr (1202-1203 villa Felquery), 4 5
Fugyi (1236 villa Fudy).
Lakosok szma: 5.874
7
Trtnelmi ptszeti rksge: a fugyivsr-
helyi reformtus templom (XVIII. szzad) s a
fugyivsrhelyi ortodox templom (1710).

8
1. Punea de la Alparea / Lease / vradal-
pri legel
2. Oorhei - biserica ortodox veche (1710)
i cea nou / The old (1710) and the new
Orthodox Churches / A fugyivsrhelyi
rgi (1710) s j ortodox templomok
3. Oorhei Centrul Caritas Catolica / Cari-
tas Catolica Centre / A fugyivsrhelyi
Caritas Catolica
4. Cheriu - biserica ortodox (1894-1896) /
The Orthodox Church / Az alkri ortodox
templom
5. Panou de ntmpinare Felcheriu / The
willage panel of Felcheriu / A felkri
falutbla
6. Fughiu - lacul de acumulare / Accumula-
tion lake / A fugyi vsrhelyi gyjtt
7. Fughiu biserica reformat (sec. XVIII) /
The Reformed Church / A fugyivsrhelyi
reformtus templom
8. Oorhei - vedere / Landscape / fu-
gyivsrhelyi ltkp

128
 Paleu
Hegykzplyi
1
www.paleu.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 Fulpaul

Comuna Paleu, una din cele mai noi

comune din jude, component a Zonei Me-
tropolitane Oradea, se afl la nord de Oradea
la 12 km.

Localiti componente: Paleu (1291-1294

Fulpaul), Sldbagiu de Munte (1226 procurator
villae Scaldubag), Uileacu de Munte (1291-1294
villa Vylak).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.400

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 Fulpaul

2 3
Paleu, is one of the newest communes from
the county, part of the Oradea Metropolitan
Area, and it lies 12 km north from Oradea.

Villages around: Paleu (1291-1294 Fulpaul),

Sldbagiu de Munte (1226 procurator villae
Scaldubag), Uileacu de Munte (1291-1294 villa
Vylak).
No. of inhabitans: 3.400

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 Fulpaul

Hegykzplyi a megye legfiatalabb kzsgei

kz tartozik, rsze a Metropolisz vezetnek,
Nagyvradtl 12 km-re fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Hegykzplyi (1291-1294

Fulpaul), Hegykzszldobgy (1226 procurator
villae Scaldubag), Hegykzjlak (1291-1294 villa
4 5 Vylak).
Lakosok szma: 3.400

6 1. Lacul de la Sldbagiu de Munte

cu hanul pescresc / The lake from
Sldbagiu de Munte with the fishing
hostelry / A hegykzszldobgyi halast
a halszcsrdval
2. Uileacu de Munte - vedere cu biserica
romano-catolic (1739) / Landscape
with the RomanCatholic church /
hegykzjlaki ltkp a rmai katolikus
templommal
3. Paleu - pivnie de vin i biserica
reformat (1760) / Wine cellars and the
Reformed Church / hegykzplyi boros
pinck s a reformtus templom
4. Sldbagiu de Munte - vedere aerian /
Aerial view / hegykzszldobgyi ltkp
5, 6. Lacul de la Paleu cu restaurante / The
lake from Paleu with the restaurants/ A
hegykzplyi halast s ttermei

129
Pietroasa
Vasaskfalva

www.primariapietroasabh.ro

Atestare documentar
1587 Petroz
Comuna Pietroasa este situat n Munii Bihoru-
lui, adpostind o parte din cea mai frumoas zon
a judeului Parcul Natural Apuseni, cu renumita
Peter a Urilor de la Chicu. Este poziionat sud
est de Oradea la 87 km i la 24 km de Beiu.

Localiti componente: Pietroasa (1587 Petroz), Chicu

(1588 Alsokoh), Cociuba Mic (1587 Kochioba), Giuleti
(ctun al satului Pietroasa), Gurani (1587 Gwraryw), Mgura
(1690 Magoran), Moeti (1956 ctun al satului Pietroasa). 1
Nr. de locuitori: 3.451

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Gheor- 2 3

ghe (1715) Cociuba Mic.
Elemente peisagistice : Pietrele Boghii, Pietrele Galbe-
nei, Piatra Bulzului (rez. Geo.); peterile: Urilor, Focul
Viu, Micula, Borigului (rezervatii speo-carstice); Cetile
Ponorului, Sritoarea Bohodei, Platoul Padi, depres.
Blileasa, platoul carstic Lumea pierdut, Groapa de la
Brsa, Poiana Florilor (rezervatii mixte).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Muzeul Etnografic
Horea i Aurel Flutur, dansuri populare, teatru, nes-
cris Chicu; mori de ap Gurani i Pietroasa; esturi
populare i dansuri populare Pietroasa.

Documentary testimony
1587 Petroz
Pietroasa lies in the Bihorului Mountains, hosting a
part of the most beautiful region of the county the
Apuseni National Park and the famous Bear-Cave
from Chicu. It is 87 km south-east of Oradea and
24 km far of Beiu.

Villages around: Pietroasa (1587 Petroz), Chicu (1588 Al-

sokoh), Cociuba Mic (1587 Kochioba), Giuleti (den of Pi-
etroasa), Gurani (1587 Gwraryw), Mgura (1690 Magoran),
Moeti (1956 den of Pietroasa).
No. of inhabitans: 3.451

Historical and architectural monuments: the Sf.

Gheorghe Orthodox wooden church (1715) Cociuba
Mic.
Sightseeing: Pietrele Boghii, Pietrele Galbenei, Piatra
Bulzului (Geological reservation.); caves: Urilor, Fo-
cul Viu, Micula, Borigului (speocarstic reservations);
Cetile Ponorului, Sritoarea Bohodei, Platoul Padi,
Blileasa depression, carstic gorge Lost world, Br-
sa Whole, Poiana Florilor (mixed reservations).
Etnography and heritage: Horea and Aurel Flutur
Ethnographic Museum, folk dances, unwritten thea-
tre Chicu; watermills Gurani and Pietroasa; folk 4
weaving and dances Pietroasa.

Els okleveles emlts 5

1587 Petroz
Vasaskfalva a Bihari hegysgben fekszik, hatrban
van a megye legvonzbb termszeti szpsge, a Nyu-
gati rchegysg Termszeti Parkja, a vilghr Medve-
barlanggal. Nagyvradtl 87 km-re dlkeletre fekszik,
24 km-re Belnyestl.

A kzsg falvai: Vasaskfalva (1587 Petroz), Kiskoh

(1588 Alsokoh), Felskocsoba (1587 Kochioba), Zsulest
(Vasaskfalvai tanya), Gurny (1587 Gwraryw), Biharmagura
(1690 Magoran), Mocsest (1956 Vasaskfalvai tanya).
Lakosok szma: 3.451

Trtnelmi rksge: a felskocsobai ortodox fatemp-

lom (1715).
Ltnivalk: Boga-k, Galbina, Bulz-k (fldtani rezer-
vtum); Barlangok: Medvebarlang, Eszkim jgbarlang,
Micula, Porcika jgzsomboly, (karsztikus barlangrezer-
vtumok); Csodavr, Bohogy vzess, Pdis fennsk,
Blileasa medence, Elveszett vilg karsztfennsk,
Brsza-katlan, Flra-rt (vegyes rezervtumok).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek: Horea s
Aurel Flutur Nprajzi Mzeum, nptnc, npi jtkok
Kisjen; vzimalmok Gurnyon s Vasaskfalvn; npi
textilik s tncok. 6 7

1. Valea Boga / Boga Valley / Boga vlgye

2. Chicu - Muzeul Etnografic Horea i
Aurel Flutur/ Horea and Aurel Flutur
Ethnographic Museum / A kiskohi Ho-
rea s Aurel Flutur Nprajzi Mzeum
3. Cociuba Mic biserica ortodox de
lemn (1715) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A felskocsobai ortodox
fatemplom
4. Chicu - Petera Urilor / Bears` Cave /
A kiskohi Medve barlang
5. Criul Pietros / Criul Pietros river /
Kves Krs
6. Moeti- peisaj / Landscape / Motesti
ltkp
7. Gurani - biserica veche (Sec. XVIII) / The
old church/ A gurnyi rgi templom

130
 Pocola
1 Biharpoklos
www.primaria-pocola.ro

Atestare documentar
1422 Alsomolos

Comuna Pocola se afl n sudul judeului, pe

drumul naional 76 Oradea-Deva, la 55 km de
Oradea i la 7 km de Beiu. Situat n depre-
siunea Beiuului, ntr-o zon cu relief colinar
cu altitudini cuprinse ntre 150-300 m este
strbtut de Valea Roie.

Localiti componente: Pocola (1422 Alsomo-

los), Feneri (1580 Feneres), Petrani (1552 Pon-
thuskew), Poieari (ctun al satului Feneri, 1956),
Snmartin de Beiu (1828 Szent Mrton).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.678

Documentary testimony
1422 Alsomolos

Pocola lies in the Beiuului Depression along

2 3 the Roie Valley, on the 76 Oradea-Deva na-
tional road, having many hills with a height
varrying between 150 and 300 m. It is 55 km
4 7 from Oradea and 7 km from Beiu.

Villages around: Pocola (1422 Alsomolos), Feneri

(1580 Feneres), Petrani (1552 Ponthuskew),
Poieari (den of Feneri, 1956), Snmartin de Beiu
(1828 Szent Mrton).
No. of inhabitans: 1.678

Els okleveles emlts

1422 Alsomolos

Biharpoklos kzsg a belnyesi medencben

fekszik, 55 km-re Nagyvradtl, 7 km-re
Belnyestl, a Rossa vlgyben a 76-os ft
mentn NagyvradDva tvonalon, dombor-
zata 150 s 300 m kztti.

A kzsg falvai: Biharpoklos (1422 Alsomo-

los), Fenyres (1580 Feneres), Pontosk (1552
Ponthuskew), Poieari (Fenyresi tanya, 1956),
Belnyesszentmrton (1828 Szent Mrton).
Lakosok szma: 1.678

5 6

1. Pocola - Primria / Local Hall / A bihar-

poklosi kzsghza
2. Snmartin de Beiu biserica ortodox
veche / The old Orthodox Church / A
belnyesszentmrtoni rgi ortodox
templom
3. Pocola cas veche / Old house / bihar-
poklosi rgi hz
4. Biserica ortodox Pocola (1910) / The
Orthodox Church / A biharpoklosi ortodox
templom
5. Pocola casa Moru Gheorghe / Moru
Gheorghe`s house / Moru Gheorghe
biharpoklosi hza
6. Pocola casa Moru Gheorghe - detaliu /
Moru Gheorghe`s house - detail / Moru
Gheorghe biharpoklosi hza
7. Feneri - biserica ortodox (19221930)
/ The Orthodox Church / A fenyresi
ortodox templom
8. Pocola peisaj / Landscape / biharpoklosi
sznaboglyk

131
Pomezeu
Kispapmez
www.primariapomezeu.bihor.ro
1

Atestare documentar
1492 Papmezzezye

Comuna Pomezeu se afl pe cursului pru-

lui Vida, la aproximativ 44 km sudest de
Oradea.

Localiti componente: Pomezeu (1492 Papmez-

zezye), Cmpani de Pomezeu (1492 Papmezeye),
Codeni (1508 Kosdanfalva), Hidi (1580 Alsohy-
dassel), Lacu Srat (ctun al satului Pomezeu
1956), Sitani (1508 Zythaanfalva), Spinu de
Pomezeu (1492 Thyws), Vlani de Pomezeu (1508
Alsopathak).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.373

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: ruine de 2 3

cetate (sec. XV-XVI) Pomezeu, casa Floarea Mor-
govan Pomezeu, biseric ortodox de lemn (sec.
XVII) Cmpeni de Pomezeu; biserica ortodox de
lemn Sf. Nicolae (1730) Vlani de Pomezeu.

Documentary testimony
1492 Papmezzezye
Pomezeu is located along the Vida river,
south-east at almost 44 km of Oradea.

Villages around: Pomezeu (1492 Papmezzezye), 5 7

Cmpani de Pomezeu (1492 Papmezeye), Codeni
(1508 Kosdanfalva), Hidi (1580 Alsohydassel),
Lacu Srat (den of Pomezeu 1956), Sitani (1508
Zythaanfalva), Spinu de Pomezeu (1492 Thyws),
Vlani de Pomezeu (1508 Alsopathak).
No. of inhabitans: 3.373

Historical and architectural monuments:

fortress ruins (XV-XVI) Pomezeu, Floarea
Morgovan`s house Pomezeu; The Orthodox
Wooden Church (XVII) Cmpeni de Pomezeu;
the Sf. Nicolae Orthodox wooden church
(1730) Vlani de Pomezeu.
4 6

8
Els okleveles emlts
1492 Papmezzezye

Kispapmez a Vida patak mentn fekszik,

Vradtl 44 km-re, dlkeletre.

A kzsg falvai: Kispapmez (1492 Papmez-

zezye), Nagypapmez (1492 Papmezeye), Kosgyn
(1508 Kosdanfalva), Hegyes (1580 Alsohydas-
sel), Lacu Srat (1956 Kispapmezi tanya), Szi-
tny (1508 Zythaanfalva), Tsfalva (1492 Thyws),
Papmezvalny (1508 Alsopathak).
Lakosok szma: 3.373

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

vrromok (XV.-XVI. szzad), Floarea Morgovan
hza Kispapmezn, az ortodox fatemplom (XVII.
szzad) Nagypapmezn s Papmezvalnyban 9
(1730).

1. Spinu de Pomezeu - distilerie de plinc/

Distillery of local drink called palinca /
Szeszfzde Tsfalvn
2. Vlani de Pomezeu biserica ortodox
de lemn (1738)/ The Orthodox Wooden
Church/ A papmezvalnyi ortodox
fatemplom
3. Vlani de Pomezeu - vedere / Landscape /
papmezvalnyi ltkp
4. Sitani - moara de ap / Water mill / A szi-
tnyi vzimalom
5. Pomezeu casa Floarea Morgovan / Floa- 10
rea Morgovan`s house / Floarea Morgovan
hza Kispapmezn
6. coala Codeni / School / A kosgyni 11
iskola
7. Pomezeu Primria / Local Hall / A kis-
papmezei Polgrmesteri Hivatal
8. Cmpani de Pomezeu biserica ortodox
de lemn (1738) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A nagypapmezei ortodox
fatemplom
9. Pomezeu - ruinele de cetii Kornis (sec.
XV-XVI) / Fortress ruins / A kispapmezei
vrrom (XV.-XVI. szzad)
10. Sitani - case vechi / Old houses /
szitnyi rgi hzak
11. Hidi - biserica ortodox (1834)/
The orthodox ohurch / A hegyesi rgi
ortodox templom

132
 Popeti
Papfalva
1
www.popestibihor.ro

Atestare documentar
2 1435 Papfalva

Comuna Popeti este situat n nord-estul

judeului Bihor, la 64 km de Oradea, n bazinul
hidrografic al vii Bistrei, la nord de munii
Plopiului i la vest de dealurile Dernei.

Localiti componente: Popeti (1435 possesio

walachalis Papfalwa), Bistra (1472 possesio wala-
chis Wyfalva), Budoi / Budono (1828 Bodonos),
Cuzap (1406 possesio walachalis Kwzep), Varviz
(1327 Warvyzy), Vrzari (1913 Fves), Voivozi (1406
poss. Valahalis Almazegh).
Nr. de locuitori: 8.322
3 Monument istoric: Bisericua (ruine de com-
plex monastic, sec. XII-XVI), n actuala Mnstirea
Voivozi.

9
Documentary testimony
1435 Papfalva
Popeti is situated in north-east of Bihor, 64
km from Oradea, in the hydrographic basin of
Bistra stream (of Barcu river), in the north
of the Plopiului Mountains and in the west of
the Dernei Hills.

Villages around: Popeti (1435 possesio walacha-

lis Papfalwa), Bistra (1472 possesio walachis Wy-
falva), Budoi / Budono (1828 Bodonos), Cuzap
(1406 possesio walachalis Kwzep), Varviz (1327
4 Warvyzy), Vrzari (1913 Fves), Voivozi (1406 poss.
Valahalis Almazegh).
No. of inhabitans: 8.322

Historical monument: Bisericua (cluster ru-

ins, XII-XVI), today Voivozi Monastery.

Els okleveles emlts

1435 Papfalva

Papfalva a megye szakkelti rszn, 64 km-

re Nagyvradtl, a Bisztra vlgyben, a Rz-
5 hegysgtl szakra, a dernai domboktl nyu-
gatra fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Papfalva (1435 possesio walacha-

lis Papfalwa), Sebesjfalu (1472 possesio walachis
Wyfalva), Bodonos / Bodono (1828 Bodonos),
Kzpes (1406 possesio walachalis Kwzep), Vrvz
(1327 Warvyzy), Fves (1913 Fves), Almaszeg
(1406 poss. Valahalis Almazegh).
Lakosok szma: 8.322

Trtnelmi rksge: Kistemplom (XII.-XVI.

szzadi kolostorromok), ma almaszegi kolostor.

6 7

1. Varviz car cu boi / Ox chariot / vrvzi

krsszekr
2. Mnstirea Voivozi / Monastery of Voivozi/
Az almaszegi kolostor
3. Cuzap - biserica ortodox (1930) / The
Orthodox Church / A kzpesi ortodox
templom
4. Vrzari - pe uli / Landscape / fvesi
utcai ltkp
5. Voivozi - vedere genaral / Landscape /
almaszegi ltkp
6. Budoi Liceul Slovac / Slovak gymna-
sium / A bodonosi szlovk gimnzium
7. Popeti - vedere genearl / Landscape /
papfalvi ltkp
8. Biserica ortodox de lemn (1700) a
Mnstirii Voivozi/ The wooden church
from Monastery of Voivozi/ Az almaszegi
kolostor fatemploma
9. Prul Bistra / Bistra river / A Bisztra-
patak

133
Rbgani
Robogny

1 2
Atestare documentar
1552 Rebeghefalwa et Lazur
4 5
Comuna Rbgani este aezat n partea de
sud-est a judeului Bihor, pe DN76 la distana
de 48 km de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Rbgani (1552 Rebeghe-

falwa et Lazur), Albeti (1508 Albolfalwa), Brteti
(1954), Budeti (ctun al satului Sucani), Slite
de Pomezeu (1583 Felseozeleste), Sucani (1580
Zeokefalva), Vreni (1508 Weresfalwa).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.312

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Teodor Tiron (1738)
Brteti; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Trei Ierar-
hi (1743) Vreni.
Monument al naturii: izvoarele mezotermale
Rbgani (rezervaie zoologic).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obicei de col-
indat cu turc i viflaim Vreni.

7
3
Documentary testimony
1552 Rebeghefalwa et Lazur
6
Rbgani lies in the south-eastern part of
Bihor County, on the DN 76 road, 48 km far of
Oradea.

Villages around: Rbgani (1552 Rebeghefalwa et

Lazur), Albeti (1508 Albolfalwa), Brteti (1954),
Budeti (den of Sucani), Slite de Pomezeu
(1583 Felseozeleste), Sucani (1580 Zeokefalva),
Vreni (1508 Weresfalwa).
No. of inhabitans: 2.312

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Sf. Teodor Tiron Orthodox wooden church
(1738) Brteti; the Sf. Trei Ierarhi Orthodox
wooden church (1743) Vreni.
Sightseeing: mezo-thermal springs from
Rbgani (zoological reservation).
Etnography and heritage: Christmas and New
Years Eve carols and wishes (turc and viflaim)
Vreni.

9
Els okleveles emlts
1552 Rebeghefalwa et Lazur
8
Robogny a 76-os ft mentn helyezkedik el,
Nagyvradtl 48 km-re, dlkeletre.

A kzsg falvai: Robogny (1552 Rebeghefalwa et

Lazur), Fehrlak (1508 Albolfalwa), Brteti (1954),
Budeti (Szokny falu tanyja), Papmezszeleste
(1583 Felseozeleste), Szokny (1580 Zeokefalva),
Veresfalva (1508 Weresfalwa).
Lakosok szma: 2.312

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Szent Teo-

dor Tiron ortodox fatemplom (1738); a veresfalvi
Szenthromsg ortodox fatemplom (1743).
Szp tjak: robognyi mezotermlkori vizek (l-
lattani rezervtum).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek: 10
veresfalvi kntls

1. Dealurile Albetiului / Hills of Albeti / fehr-

laki dombok
2. Somn uor! / Sweet dreams! / Szp lmokat!
3. Sucani - biserica ortodox de lemn (1720)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A szoknyi 12
ortodox fatemplom
4. Sucani - biserica ortodox de lemn (1720) -
detaliu / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
szoknyi ortodox fatemplom 11
5. Sucani - biserica ortodox de lemn (1720) -
detaliu / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
szoknyi ortodox fatemplom
6. Clopot / Bell / Harang
7. Budeti - peisaj / Landscape / Budesti-i ltkp
8. Vedere / Sight / Ltkp
9. Brteti - biserica ortodox de lemn (1738) /
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A brtesti-i
ortodox fatemplom
10. Budeti - peisaj/ Landscape / Budesti-i ltkp
11. Vreni - biserica ortodox (1998)/
The orthodox church / A veresfalvi
ortodox templom
12. Rbgani - biserica ortodox veche (1864-
1867) / The old Orthodox Church / A robognyi
rgi ortodox templom

134
 Remetea
Magyarremete

www.remetea.ro

Atestare documentar
1422 Remethe
1 Comuna Remetea este aezat n sud-estul
judeului Bihor, la 71 km de Oradea, n Depre-
siunea Beiu, la o altitudine medie cuprins
ntre 400 i 800 m.

Localiti componente: Remetea (1422 Remethe),

Drgoteni (1552 Dragotha), Meziad (1552 Mezgedt),
Petreasa (1552 Ponthuskew), oimu (1213
oimu)
Nr. de locuitori: 3.143

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn (sec. XVIII) Petreasa; biserica
reformat (sec. XIII) Remetea; biserica ortodox
de lemn SF. Nicolae (1752) oimu.
Elemente peisagistice: petera Meziad (rezervaie
speo-carstic), stejarul secular pe oseaua Rem-
etea-Meziad (peste 400 ani), moara de ap din
Remetea;
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: ncondeiat de
ou de Pate Drgoteni; anual, vara la Remetea
se organizeaz Srbtoarea Fii Satului.
2

Documentary testimony
1422 Remethe

Remetea lies south-east part of the county, 71

7 km from Oradea, in the Beiu Depression; the
average heights here are between 400 and 800
m.
5
Villages around: Remetea (1422 Remethe),
Drgoteni (1552 Dragotha), Meziad (1552 Mezgedt),
Petreasa (1552 Ponthuskew), oimu (1213
oimu)
No. of inhabitans: 3.143

Historical and architectural monuments: The

Orthodox Wooden Church (XVIII) Petreasa; the
Reformed Church (XIII) Remetea; the Sf. Nico-
lae Orthodox wooden church (1752) oimu.
Sightseeing: Meziad cave (speo-carstic reser-
vation), 400 years old oak-tree on a side of the
4 6 Remetea-Meziad road, watermill in Remetea.
Etnography and heritage: Easter eggs painting
Drgoteni; every summer they organize here
3 the meeting of Remeteas inhabitants.

Els okleveles emlts

1422 Remethe

Magyarremete kzsg a megye dlkeleti rszn

terrl el, 71 km-re Nagyvradtl, a belnyesi
medencben, a Rosa-patak mellett. Tengerszint
8 fltti magassga 400 s 800 m kztti.

A kzsg falvai: Magyarremete (1422 Remethe),

Drgota (1552 Dragotha), Mzged (1552 Mezgedt),
Petreasa (1552 Ponthuskew), Gyepsolymos (1213
oimu).
Lakosok szma: 3.143

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a solymos-

petrszi ortodox fatemplom (XVIII. szzad); a ma-
gyarremetei reformtus templom (XIII. szzad); a
solymosi ortodox fatemplom (1752).
Ltnivalk: mzgedi barlang (karsztikus bar-
lang-rezervtum), 400 ves tlgyfa a Remete-
Mzged ton, remetei vzimalom.
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
hsvti hmestojs-fests Drgota; valamint a
Remetn vente megrendezett elszrmazottak
tallkozja.

1. Remetea - vedere aerian / Aerial view / Magyar-

remete madrtvlatbl
2. Remetea biserica reformat (sec. XIII) / The
Reformed Church / A magyarremetei reformtus
templom (XIII. szzad)
3. oimu biserica ortodox de lemn (1752) / ortho-
dox wooden church / A gyepsolymosi ortodox
9 fatemplom
4. Meziad - biserica ortodox (1897-1900) / The
10 Orthodox Church / A mzgedi ortodox templom
11 5. Remetea pensiune turistic / Pension / magyar-
remetei panzi
6. Drgoteni biserica ortodox / Orthodox Church /
A drgotai ortodox templom
7. Petera de la Meziad / Cave / A mzgedi barlang
8. oimu - vedere / Landscape/ gyepsolymosi
ltkp
9. Stejarul secular aflat pe oseaua Remetea-Meziad
/ The oak from Remetea-Meziad road ( more than
400 years old) / Magyarremete s Mzged kztt
tallhat reg tlgyfa (tbb mint 400 ves)
10. Drgoteni port popular / Traditional folk cos-
tumes / drgotai npviselet
11. ncondeiat de ou de Pate Drgoteni / Easter
eggs painting Drgoteni / Hsvti hmestojs-
fests Drgota

135
Rieni
Rny

http://primariarieni.ro

Atestare documentar
1588 Ryeen

Comuna Rieni se afl situat la 77 km sud-est

de Oradea, n bazinul hidrografic superior al
Criului Negru care o traverseaz de la sud la
nord.

Localiti componente: Rieni (1588 Ryeen), Cucu-

ceni (1588 Kakachien), Ghighieni (1588 Gegesen),
Petrileni (1588 Petrilen, Zawoyen), Sudrigiu (1588
Chiomafalva), Valea de Jos (1588 Alsofeketepatak).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.185
2
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica
ortodox de lemn Sf. Mucenic Teodor Tiron
Rieni; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli
(1738) Valea de Jos.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Lioara,
obicei de primvar practicat a doua zi de Pate
n cimitirele satelor Rieni i Valea de Jos, odat cu
pomenile i dezlegarea la mori; ncondeiat de ou
i textile tradiionale Rieni; centru de olrit Valea 1
de Jos; fntni cu cumpn sau roat Petrileni.

Documentary testimony
1588 Ryeen
Rieni lies in the superior hydrographic basin
of the Criul Negru river, that crosses it from
south to north, 77 km south-east of Oradea.

Villages around: Rieni (1588 Ryeen), Cucuceni (1588

Kakachien), Ghighieni (1588 Gegesen), Petrileni
(1588 Petrilen, Zawoyen), Sudrigiu (1588 Chioma-
falva), Valea de Jos (1588 Alsofeketepatak).
No. of inhabitans: 3.185

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Sf. Mucenic Teodor Tiron Orthodox wooden 4
church Rieni; the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox
wooden church (1738) Valea de Jos.
Etnography and heritage: Easter egg-painting, 5
Lioara, (springtime custom on the second day 3
of Easter, out in the churchyard, in order to pray
for the dead) in the Rieni and Valea de Jos villag-
es, pottery Valea de Jos; fountains with wheel
and balance Petrileni.

Els okleveles emlts

1588 Ryeen
Rny kzsg a Fekete-Krs fels folysnak
medencjben fekszik, Vradtl 77 km-re dl-
keletre. A foly szakdl irnyban szeli t.

A kzsg falvai: Rny (1588 Ryeen), Kakucsny

(1588 Kakachien), Gyegyesny (1588 Gegesen),
Petrelny (1588 Petrilen, Zawoyen), Kisszedres
(1588 Chiomafalva), Alsfeketevlgy (1588 Als-
feketepatak).
Lakosok szma: 3.185

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a rnyi orto-

dox fatemplom; az Arkangyalok ortodox fatemp-
lom (1738) Alsfeketevlgy
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
hsvti hmestojs-fests, Lioara: tavaszi np-
szoks, amikor hsvt msodnapjn a falu
temetjbe ltogatnak a megemlkezst s
az rk letet hirdet lakosok; fazakasmhely
Alsfekete Vlgyben; a petrelnyi kerekes s 6
gmes kutak. 7

1. Rieni biserica ortodox de lemn (1754)/

The Orthodox Wooden Church / A rnyi
ortodox fatemplom
2. Sudrigiu biserica ortodox (1708) -
cruci de eroi / The Orthodox Church /
Ortodox templom Petrelnyen
3. Valea de Jos biserica ortodox de lemn
(1738) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
kisszedresi ortodox fatemplom
4. Ghighieni - cas de lemn / Wooden
house / gyegyesnyi fahz
5. Sudrigiu - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Kisszedres madrtvlatbl
6. Petrileni biserica ortodox veche (1930)
/ The old Orthodox Church / A rgi orto-
dox templom Petrelnyen
7. Cucuceni - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Kakucsny madrtvlatbl
8. Cucuceni biserica ortodox de lemn
(1730) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
kakucsnyi ortodox fatemplom

136
 Roia
Biharrsa

http://comunarosiabihor.ro
www.padureacraiului.ro
4 2 Atestare documentar
1445 Rossa
3 1
Comuna Roia este situat n partea de sud-est
a judeului Bihor, la poalele de vest a Munilor
Pdurea Craiului, la 81 km. de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Roia (1445 Rossa), Lazuri

(1956 ctun al satului Sohodol).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.644

Monument istoric: biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.

Nicolae (1779) Lazuri de Roia.
Monumente ale naturii: peterile Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-
Ponor, Farcu, Gruie, Toplia i Vacii (rezervaii
speologice).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri de
iarn, 4 mori de ap Roia; meter de viori cu
goarn Lazuri; vechi cri de cult Lazuri de
Roia.

Documentary testimony
1445 Rossa
Roia lies in the south-eastern part of
6 Bihor County, south-west of the Pdurea
Craiului Mountains, and 81 km from Oradea.

Villages around: Roia (1445 Rossa), Lazuri (1956

den of Sohodol).
No. of inhabitans: 2.644

Historical monument: the Sf. Nicolae Ortho-

dox wooden church (1779) Lazuri de Roia.
Sightseeing: caves: Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-Ponor,
Farcu, Gruie, Toplia and Vacii (speological
reservation).
Etnography and heritage: winter customs, 4
water mills Roia; horned violin with crafts-
men Lazuri; ancient religious books Lazuri
de Roia.

Els okleveles emlts

1445 Rossa

Biharrsa a megye dlkeleti rszn, a Kirly-

hg dlnyugati oldaln fekszik, Nagyvradtl
81 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Biharrsa (1445 Rossa), Lazuri

(1956 Aszirts falu tanyja).
Lakosok szma: 2.644

Trtnelmi rksge: a Szent Mikls ortodox

fatemplom (1779).
Szp tjak: Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-Ponor, Farcu,
Gruie, Toplia s Vacii barlangok (szpeolgiai
rezervtumok).
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek: tli
7 szoksok, 4 vzimalom, krtsheged-kszt
mesterek s rgi imaknyvek.

1. Petera Farcu / Farcu cave / Farcu

barlang
2. Roia - biserica ortodox (1895) / The
Orthodox Church / A biharrsai ortodox
templom
3. Lazuri de Roia biserica ortodox de
lemn (1779) / The Orthodox Wooden
Church / A lazuri-i ortodox fatemplom
4. Cheile Albioarei / Albioarei Narrows /
5 Albioarei szoros
5. Valea Lazurilor / Lazurilor Valley / La-
zurilor vlgye
9 8 6. Lazuri vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Lazuri-i ltkp
7. Atelierul de viori cu goarn a meterului
popular Dorel Codoban (1945-2012) din
Lazuri / The horn violin workshop of Mr.
Dorel Codoban (1945-2012) from Lazuri
/ Dorel Codoban (1945-2012) trombits
hegedmhelye Lazuriban
8. Runcuri Traditional Casa
9. Roia - moar de ap tradiional / Water
mill from Roia / A biharrsai vzimalom

137
Roiori
Biharflegyhza

www.rosiori.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 villa Drug,
Felyghaz
2
Comuna Roiori se afl n Cmpia Ierului, la
23 de km nord de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Roiori (1291-1294 villa

Drug, Felyghaz), Mihai Bravu (sat ntemeiat dup
primul rzboi mondial), Vaida (1285 sacerdos de
Wauiuada).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.100

1
Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Drug, Felyghaz
The small commune of Roiori is located in
the Ier Field, 23 km north from Oradea.

Villages around: Roiori (1291-1294 villa Drug,

Felyghaz), Mihai Bravu (founded after the I World
War), Vaida (1285 sacerdos de Wauiuada).
No. of inhabitans: 3.100

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 villa Drug, Felyghaz

Biharflegyhza az rmellken, Nagyvradtl 4

23 km-re, szakon fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Biharflegyhza (1291-1294 villa 5

Drug, Felyghaz), Mihai Bravu (az els vilghbor
utn ltrejtt telepls), Biharvajda (1285 sacer-
dos de Wauiuada). 6
Lakosok szma: 3.100

7 8

1. Roiori - vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Biharflegyhza madrtvlatbl
2. Mihai Bravu pivni veche de vin/
Old wine cellar / biharflegyhzi rgi
borospince 10
3. Vaida cas veche / Old house /
biharvajdai rgi hz
4. Balul strugurilor la Vaida / The Grapes
Fest at Vaida / A biharvajdai szreti bl
5. Lacul Vaida / Lake / A biharvajdai halast
6. Roiori Primria / Local Hall / A bihar-
flegyhzi kzsghza
7. Vaida biserica reformat / The Re-
formed Church / A biharvajdai reform-
tus templom
8. Roiori - pivnie vechi / Old cellars /
biharflegyhzi rgi pinck
9. Roiori biserica reformat (1825 -
1837)/ The Reformed Church / A biharfl-
egyhzi reformtus templom
10. Srbtoare / Celebration / nnep

138
 Scdat
Mezszakadt
www.sacadat.ro

Atestare documentar
1256 Zakadoth

Comuna Scdat este aezat la o distan de

19 km est de Municipiul Oradea, pe linia ferat
Oradea - Bucureti, pe valea Criului Repede
care i brzdeaz teritoriul pe o lungime de 6
km.

Localiti componente: Scdat (1256 Zakadoth),

Bora (1249 terra Borok), Sbolciu (1256 terra seu
poss)
Nr. de locuitori: 3.198

Monument istoric i de arhitectur: biserica

1 ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli (sec. XVIII)
Bora.

Documentary testimony
1256 Zakadoth

Scdat is located east from the city of Oradea,

19 km from it, along the Bucureti-Oradea
railway, and it is crossed by the Criul Repede
river on a length of 6 km.

Villages around: Scdat (1256 Zakadoth), Bora

(1249 terra Borok), Sbolciu (1256 terra seu poss)
No. of inhabitans: 3.198

Historical monument: the Sf. Arhangheli Or-

thodox wooden church (XVIII) Bora.
2 3

Els okleveles emlts

1256 Zakadoth

Szakadt kzsg a megyeszkhelytl 19 km-

re keletre, a BukarestNagyvrad vastvonal
mentn fekszik, a Sebes-Krs partjn, amely
6 km hosszsgban szeglyezi a teleplst.

A kzsg falvai: Mezszakadt (1256 Zakadoth),

Borostelek (1249 terra Borok), Mezszabolcs
(1256 terra seu poss)
Lakosok szma: 3.198

4 5 Trtnelmi rksge: a borsai Arkangyalok or-

todox fatemplom (XVIII. szzad).

6 7

1. Scdat - vedere / Landscape/

mezszakadti ltkp
2. Sbolciu parc / Park / A mezszabolcsi
park
3. Baraj pe Criul Repede / Dam on Criul
River / Gt a Sebes-Krsn
4. Bora cas veche / old house /
borosteleki rgi hz
5. Criul Repede / Criul Repede river / A
Sebes-Krs
6. Bora biserica ortodox de lemn
(XVIII) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
Borosteleki ortodox fatemplom
7. Sbolciu biserica ortodox (1948) /
8 The Orthodox Church / A mezszabolcsi
ortodox templom
10 11 8. Sbolciu biserica ortodox (1948) /
The Orthodox Church / A mezszabolcsi
ortodox templom
9. Bora biserica ortodox / The Orthodox
Church / A borosteleki ortodox templom
10. Sbolciu / Sbolciu / Mezszabolcs
11. Sbolciu - Hotel / Hotel /
mezszabolcsi hotel

139
Slacea
Szalacs
www.salacea.ro

Atestare documentar
1163 Zolochy

Comuna Slacea se ntinde n partea nordic a

judeului Bihor, la 61 km de Oradea, pe Valea
Ierului. Dealurile Slacea Scuieni i rul Ier
sunt factorii geografici determinani pentru
viaa i dezvoltarea localitii.
1
Localiti componente: Slacea (1163 Zolochy),
Otomani (1263 Oltman).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.198

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: conac

(sec. XVIII), conac (sec. XIX) Otomani; biserica
romano-catolic Sf. Maria Imaculata (1792), casa
parohial romano-catolic (sec.XVIII) Slacea.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: mpleti-
turi din papur Slacea i Otomani. Comuna
i srbtorete din anul 1986 zilele localitii
n Slacea, unde se organizeaz anual Zilele
Slcene n perioada de sfrit a lunii iulie - n-
ceputul lunii august, iar zilele localitii Otomani n
mijlocul lunii august.
2

3 5
Documentary testimony
1163 Zolochy

Slacea is situated in the northern part of

Bihor county, 61 km from Oradea, along the
river Ier. The Slacea Scuieni hills and the
river Ier are important geographical factors in
the life and development of the commune.

Villages around: Slacea (1163 Zolochy), Otomani

(1263 Oltman).
No. of inhabitans: 3.198

Historical and architectural monuments:

mansion (XVIII), mansion (XIX) Otomani; the
Sf. Maria Imaculata Roman-Catholic church
(1792), the catholic parish (sec.XVIII) Slacea. 6
Etnography and heritage: bulrush weaving
Slacea and Otomani.

Els okleveles emlts

1163 Zolochy

Szalacs Bihar megye szaki feln terl el, 61

km-re Nagyvradtl, az r vlgyben. Dlen a
berettymenti dombok, szakon pedig az r- 4
csatorna fogjk kzre, meghatrozva a tele-
pls lett s fejldst.

A kzsg falvai: Szalacs (1163 Zolochy), Ottomny

(1263 Oltman).
Lakosok szma: 3.198
7
ptszeti rksge: XVIII-XIX. szzadi krik,
Szepltelen Szz Mria rmai katolikus tem-
plom (1792), Rmai Katolikus Plbnia (XVIII.
szzad) .
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
Ndfons Szalacs s Ottomny terletn.

1. Slacea - podul mare de piatr (cca.

200 de ani) / Stone bridge / A szalacsi
Ngylyuk khd
2. Slacea - cas tradiional / Old house /
szalacsi tjhz
3. Slacea pivnie de vin (aprox. 1000
pivnie / Wine cellars (about 1000 cel-
lars) / szalacsi borospinck (kb. ezer
pince)
4. Otomani biserica reformat (sec. XIX)/
The Reformed Church / A ottomnyi
reformtus templom (XIX. szzad)
5. Slacea Puul lui Dzsa / Dzsa`s well/ 8
A szalacsi Dzsa-kt
6. Otomani Conacul Komromy (sec. XVIII)
/ Komromy mansion / Az ottomnyi
Komromy-kria (XVIII. szzad)
7. Slacea - biserica romano-catolic -
interior (1792) / The Roman-Catholic
church - inside / A szalacsi rmai katoli-
kus templom (1792)
8. Slacea - biserica reformat (1798)/ The
Reformed Church / A szalacsi reform-
tus templom (1798)

140
 Slard
Szalrd

www.salard.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294
1 2 villa Zalard vaiwode

Comuna Slard este situat la 23 km. nord

5 est de Oradea. Comuna este strbtut de
drumul judeean Biharia-Marghita i de rul
Barcu.

Localiti componente: Slard (1291-1294 villa

Zalard vaiwode), Hodo (1220 Sanctus Henricus),
Sntimreu (1220 Sanctus Henricus).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.160

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Ce-

tatea Adrian (ruine de cetate, sec. XIII); biserica
reformat (sec. XV) Hodo; biserica reformat
(sec. XIV); conac, azi azil pentru persoane vrstnice
(sec. XVIII) i hambar (1792) Slard.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Zalard vaiwode

Slard lies 23 km north-east from Oradea and it

is crossed by the Biharia-Marghita county-road
and by the Barcu river.

Villages around: Slard(1291-1294 villa Zalard vai-

wode), Hodo (1220 Sanctus Henricus), Sntimreu
(1220 Sanctus Henricus).
No. of inhabitans: 4.160
3 4 Historical and architectural monuments: Ce-
tatea Adrian (ruins, XIII), the Reformed Church
(XV) Hodo; the Reformed Church (XIV); man-
sion (XVIII) and granary (1792) Slard.

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 villa Zalard vaiwode

Szalrd kzsg 23 km-re fekszik Nagyvradtl

szakkeletre. A kzsget tszeli a BiharMar-
gitta megyei t, valamint a Beretty-patak.

A kzsg falvai: Szalrd (1291-1294 villa Zalard

6 vaiwode), Jkhodos (1220 Sanctus Henricus),
Hegykzszentimre (1220 Sanctus Henricus).
Lakosok szma: 4.160
7
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: adorjni
vrromok (XIII. szzad); Szalrdon, a reform-
tus templom (XV. szzad) Jkhodoson; a
reformtus templom (XIV. szzad), kria (XVIII.
szzad) s hambr (1792) Szalrdon.

9
1. Hodo vedere general / Landscape /
jkhodosi ltkp
2. Slard - hambar din anul 1792 / Granary
from 1792 / A szalrdi Granrium (1792)
3. Slard - biserica ortodox (Sec. XX) / The
Orthodox Church / A szalrdi ortodox
templom
4. Sntimreu - biserica reformat (1674)/
The Reformed Church / A hegykzszent-
imrei reformtus templom
5. Sntimreu statuia Sfntului Emeric/
Statue of Saint Emerich / Szent Imre
10 herceg hegykzszentimrei szobra
6. Ruinele bastionului Adrian (1242) /
Adrian Castle - ruins / Adorjni vrrom
7. Slard - biserica reformat (sec. XV) / The
Reformed Church / A szalrdi reform-
tus templom (XV. szzad)
8. Sntimreu pivni cu vin, interior / Wine
cellar / hegykzszentimrei boros pince
9. Slard conacul Bartsch (sec. XVIII) /
Bartsch Mansion, today asylum for aged
people / A szalrdi Bartsch-kria, ma
regotthon
10. Fntna artezian cu ap mineral de la
Sntimreu (cca 700 ani) / Mineral water
spring / A szentimrei svny vz - az
let Vize (kb. 700 ves rtzi kt)

141
Smbta
Szombatsg
www.primaria-simbata.ro

Atestare documentar
1508 Zombathsagh

Comuna Smbta este aezat n partea de

sud-est a judeului Bihor, la o distan de 40
km de Oradea pe DN76 spre Deva.

Localiti componente: Smbta (1508 Zom-

bathsagh), Copceni (1692 Kopacsal), Ogeti
(1508 Kyshodos), Rogoz (1568 Rogoz), Rotreti
(1508 Kerekesfalwa), Zvoiu (1508 Therpefalva).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.672

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Adormirea Maicii Dom-
nului (1730) Copceni; biserica ortodox
de lemn Buna Vestire (sec. XIX) Ogeti,
biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Nicolae (sec.
XIX) Rotreti.
Monument al naturii: Parcul Dendrologic din
Smbta.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obicei de
colindat cu turc Copceni.
1

Documentary testimony 2 3
1508 Zombathsagh

Smbta is a commune on the DN76 road, 40

km south east from Oradea.

Villages around: Smbta (1508 Zombath-

sagh), Copceni (1692 Kopacsal), Ogeti (1508
Kyshodos), Rogoz (1568 Rogoz), Rotreti (1508
Kerekesfalwa), Zvoiu (1508 Therpefalva).
No. of inhabitans: 1.672

Historical and architectural monuments: the

Adormirea Maicii Domnului Orthodox wooden
church (1730) Copceni; the Buna Vestire
Orthodox wooden church (XIX) Ogeti, the
Sf. Nicolae Orthodox wooden church (XIX)
Rotreti.
Sightseeing: Smbta dendrological park.
Etnography and heritage: playing theturca
Copceni. 4

Els okleveles emlts

1508 Zombathsagh
5
Szombatsg kzsg Bihar megye dlkeleti
rszn helyezkedik el, a 76-os ft mentn,
Nagyvradtl 40 km-re.

A kzsg falvai: Szombatsg (1508 Zombathsagh),

Kapocsny (1692 Kopacsal), Cskehodos (1508
Kyshodos), Venterrogoz (1568 Rogoz), Kerekes-
falva (1508 Kerekesfalwa), Trpefalva (1508 Ther-
pefalva).
Lakosok szma: 1.672

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a Szzanya

ortodox fatemplom (1730) Kapocsny; a XIX.
szzadi olhhodosi s kerekesfalvai ortodox
fatemplomok.
Ltnivalk: Dendrolgiai park
Nprajzi s hagyomnyrz tevkenysgek:
kolindls
6

7 8

1. Copceni biserica ortodox de lemn

(1730) / The Orthodox Wooden Church /
A kapocsnyi ortodox fatemplom
2. Smbta biserica ortodox (1715) /
The old Orthodox Church / A szombat-
sgi rgi ortodox templom
3. Rotreti biserica ortodox de lemn
(1810) / The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
kerekesfalvi ortodox fatemplom
4. Ogeti biserica ortodox de lemn (1826)
/ The Orthodox Wooden Church / A
cskehodosi ortodox fatemplom
5. Zvoiu cas veche / Old house / trpe-
falvi rgi hz
6. Copceni - vedere general / Landscape
/ kapocsnyi ltkp
7. Smbta - vedere aerian/ Aerial view /
Szombatsg madrtvlatbl
8. Smbta parcul dendrologic / The
Arboretum from Sambata / A szombatsgi
arbortum
142
 Snnicolau Romn
Olhszentmikls
www.sinnicolauroman.ro

Atestare documentar
1332 sacerdos de
villa Sancti Nycolay
Comuna Snnicolau Romn (renfiiat n anul
2003) este strbtut de Canalul Criului Re-
pede, fiind comun de frontier cu Ungaria,
situat la 26 km sud de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Snnicolau Romn (1332

sacerdos de villa Sancti Nycolay), Berechiu (1334
sacerdos de villa Brakun), Roit (1291-1294 Ruyd).

Nr. de locuitori: 2.085

Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de
villa Sancti Nycolay
Snnicolau Romn is crossed by Criul Re-
pede Channel, being a fronteer-commune
with Hungary, lying 26 km south of Oradea.
1
Villages around: Snnicolau Romn (1332 sacer-
dos de villa Sancti Nycolay), Berechiu (1334 sacer-
dos de villa Brakun), Roit (1291-1294 Ruyd).

No. of inhabitans: 2.085

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de
villa Sancti Nycolay
Olhszentmikls hatrmenti telepls, a
kzsget tszeli a Sebes-Krs csatornja,
Nagyvradtl 26 km-re dlre fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: Olhszentmikls (1332 sacerdos

de villa Sancti Nycolay), Felsbarakony (1334 sac-
erdos de villa Brakun), Rojt (1291-1294 Ruyd).
Lakosok szma: 2.085

2 3

4 5

7 6

1. Snnicolau Romn Primria / Local

Hall / olhszentmiklsi kzsghza
2. Berechiu biserica ortodox (1802) /
The Orthodox Church / A felsbarakonyi
ortodox templom
3. coala de la Roit / School / A rojti iskola
4. Roit - apicultur / Beekeeping / Mhsz-
keds Rojton
5. Snnicolau Romn - biserica ortodox
(1886) / The Orthodox Church / Az olh-
szentmiklsi ortodox templom
6. Snnicolau Romn - Statuia lui Nicolae
Jiga (1790-1870) / Statue of Nicolae Jiga/
Az olhszentmiklsi Nicolae Jiga szobor
7. Snnicolau Romn - biserica baptist
Betleem/ The baptist church/ Az olh-
szentmiklsi baptista templom

143
Snmartin
Vradszentmrton
www.sanmartin.ro
1 2
Atestare documentar
1291-1294 Sanctus Martinus
6
Comuna Snmartin este situat la 7 km sud - est de
Municipiul Oradea, fiind component a Zonei Metro-
politane Oradea. Comuna este strbtut de DN 76
Oradea-Bile Felix-Deva. Potenialul economic al
comunei l reprezint activitatea turistic, turismul
balnear, reprezentat de renumitele staiuni balneare
Bile Felix i Bile 1 Mai.

Localiti componente: Snmartin (1291-1294 Sanc-

tus Martinus), Bile Felix (1662), Betfia (1522 Beethya),
Cihei (1220 villa Chehy), Cordu (1273 terra Kordu),
Haieu (1249 terra Hewyo), Rontu (1552 Ronto).
Nr. de locuitori: 7.713

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: La Cra-

ter (descoperire, paleolitic) Betfia; Terasa Peei
(aezare, neolitic) Haieu; trandul Apollo (1896) i
biserica de lemn (1785, adus din Brusturi) Bile
Felix; Cazinou (sec. XX) Bile 1 Mai; biserica ortodox 4 5 3
Naterea Maicii Domnului (sec.XIV) Haieu, castel,
azi sediul unei firme (sec. XVIII).
Monument al naturii: rezervaia cu nufrul termal
Prul Pea Bile 1 Mai.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: teatru nescris
Snmartin.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 Sanctus Martinus
Snmartin is part of the Oradea Metropolitan Region,
being located 7 km south-east far from the city. It is
also crossed by the DN 76 road: Oradea-Bile Felix-
Deva. The economical potential of the commune is
represented by tourism, by the two major leisure and
healthcare resorts from Bile Felix and Bile 1 Mai.

Villages around: Snmartin (1291-1294 Sanctus Mar-

tinus), Bile Felix (1662), Betfia (1522 Beethya), Cihei
(1220 villa Chehy), Cordu (1273 terra Kordu), Haieu
(1249 terra Hewyo), Rontu (1552 Ronto).
No. of inhabitans: 7.713

Historical and architectural monuments: La Crater

(stone findings) Betfia; Terasa Peei (neolithic set-
tlement) Haieu; Apollo Spa (1896) and wooden church
(1785, brought from Brusturi) Bile Felix; Casino (XX)
Bile 1 Mai; the Naterea Maicii Domnului Ortho-
dox Church (sec.XIV) Haieu, castle (XVIII).
Sightseeing: water lily thermal reservation Prul
Pea Bile 1 Mai. 7 8
Etnography and heritage: unwrtitten theatre Sn-
martin.
9

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 Sanctus Martinus
Vradszentmrton rsze a nagyvradi Metrolpo-
lisz vezetnek, Nagyvradtl 7 km-re helyezkedik
el. A kzsget a 76-os ft szeli t, Flixfrd s
Dva irnyba. A telepls gazdasgi bevtelt a
turizmus, klnsen a frdturizmus jelenti, a kz-
sghez tartoz Flixfrdnek s Mjus 1 frdnek
ksznheten.

A kzsg falvai: Vradszentmrton (1291-1294 Sanc-

tus Martinus), Flixfrd (1662), Betfia (1522 Beethya),
Vradcsehi (1220 villa Chehy), Kard (1273 terra Ko-
rdu), Hj (1249 terra Hewyo), Ront (1552 Ronto).
Lakosok szma: 7.713

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a krter (kkori

leletek) Betfin; Peceterasz (kkori telepls) Hj;
az Apoll Strand (1896) s ortodox fatemplom (1785-
ben hoztk t Tatrosbl) Flixfrdn; Kaszinplet
(XX. szzad) Mjus 1 frdn; az ortodox templom (XIV.
szzad) Hj, Premontrei rendhz (XVIII. szzadbl), ma
egy cg szkhza - Vradszentmrton
Ltnivalk: tavirzsk rezervtuma, Pece patak a
Mjus 1 frdn

1. Rontu biserica ortodox (1725) / The Orthodox

Church / A ronti ortodox templom
2. Cordu biserica ortodox (1835) / The Orthodox
Church / A kardi ortodox templom 10
3. Cihei - vedere aerian / Aerial view / Vradcsehi
madrtvlatbl
4. Capela de la Haieu (1883), cu elementele arhitec- 11
turale romanice, cisterciene i gotice/The chapel in
Haieu, a medieval church from the 14th century, with
baroque and romanic elements/A hji kpolna,
amely egy kzpkori eredet (XIV. szzad) templom,
ahol mg flfedezhetk romn, ciszterci s gtikus
stlus elemek is
5. Haieu biserica ortodox (1856) / The Orthodox
Church / A betfiai ortodox templom
6. Betfia biserica ortodox (1857) / The Orthodox
Church / A hji ortodox templom
7. Avenul de la Betfia (86 m) / The vertical cave from
Betfia / A betfiai zsomboly
8. Dealul omleu, unde se afl rezervaia
paleontologic Betfia / omleu hill with the neolithic
conservation area from Betfia / Somleu domb a
betfiai kkori vdett terlettel
9. Snmartin - vedere aerian / Aerial view / Vrad-
szentmrton madrtvlatbl
10. Capela ortodox Haieu-Bile 1 Mai (XIII) / The
orthodox chapel / A hji ortodox kpolna
11. Snmartin biserica romano-catolic (1774) i
castelul (1784) / The Catholic church and the
castle / A vradszentmrtoni rgi rmai
144 katolikus templom s a volt premontrei
rendhz
 Sntandrei
Biharszentandrs
www.primariasantandrei.bihor.ro

1 3 Atestare documentar
1291-1294 Sanctus Andreas

Comuna Sntandrei este situat n partea

de vest a judeului, n Cmpia Criurilor, la
o distan de 5 km de municipiul Oradea,
pe DJ 797 i este component a Zonei
Metropolitane Oradea.

Localiti componente: Sntandrei (1291-1294

Sanctus Andreas), Palota (1214 Palatium).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.977

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

romano-catolic Sf. Anton din Padova (1824-
1829) Palota; biserica ortodox Sf. Arhangheli
(1782) Sntandrei.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Kirvai
(Kircheweih), srbtoare folcloric i cretin a
etnicilor germani (duminica cea mai apropiat de
srbtoare Sf. Anton, iunie) Sntandrei.
2 4

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 Sanctus Andreas

Sntandrei is located in the western part of

the county, on the Criurilor Plain, 5 km from
Oradea, on the DJ 797 road and it is part of the
Oradea Metropolitan Area.

Villages around: Sntandrei (1291-1294 Sanctus

Andreas), Palota (1214 Palatium).
No. of inhabitans: 3.977

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Sf. Anton din Padova Roman-Catholic
church (1824-1829) Palota; the Sf. Arhang-
heli Orthodox Church (1782) Sntandrei.
Etnography and heritage: Kirvai (Kircheweih),
folk festival of the German ethnics (held on
the closest Sunday to St. Anton day in June)
Sntandrei.

5 6

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 Sanctus Andreas

Biharszentandrs a megye nyugati r-

szn, a krsmenti sksgon fekszik, Nagy-
vradtl 5 km-re a 797-es megyei ton.
Rsze a nagyvradi Metropolisz vezetnek.

A kzsg falvai: Biharszentandrs (1291-1294

Sanctus Andreas), jpalota (1214 Palatium).
Lakosok szma: 3.977

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a P-

dovai Szent Antal rmai katolikus templom
(1824-1829) Palotn; az Arkangyalok ortodox
templom (1782) Szentandrson
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: a nmet
kisebbsg Kirvai (Kircheweih), keresz-
tny folklrnnepe, melyet jniusban
tartanak, Szent Antal napjhoz legkzelebb es
vasrnapon.
7

1. Sntandrei vedre aerian / Aerial view /

8 biharszentandrsi ltkp
2. Sntandrei peisaj / Agriculture /
9 biharszentandrsi mezgazdasg
3. Cavoul contelui Johann Maria Frimont
(1759-1831), ctitorul bisericii romano-
catolice Sf. Anton din Padova de la Palota/
The vault of Johann Maria Frimont (1759-
1831), founder of the catholic church from
Palota / Johann Maria Frimont (1759-
1831) kriptja az jpalotai rmai katolikus
templomban
4. Palota plac comemorativ / Memorial
tablet / jpalotai emlktbla
5. Sntandrei - biserica ortodox veche
(1782) / The old Orthodox Church / A
biharszentandrsi rgi ortodox templom
6. Sntandrei Primria / Local Hall / A
biharszentandrsi Polgrmesteri Hivatal
7. Apicultor din Palota / Apiculturist /
jpalotai mhsz
8. Sntandrei - biserica ortodox (Sec. XX)/
The Orthodox Church/ A biharszentand-
rsi ortodox templom
9. Biserica romano-catolic Sf. Anton din
Padova de la Palota (Sec. XIX) / The
Roman-Catholic church from Palota / Az
jpalotai rmai katolikus templom
145
Srbi
Alsttfalu

www.primariasarbi.go.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 villa Alumas

Comuna Srbi este situat la nordest de

Oradea, la 35 de km.

Localiti componente: Srbi (1291-1294 villa

Alumas), Almau Mic, Burzuc (1421 possesio wol-
achalis Borzlyk), Chioag (1421 possesiones wol-
achalis Kewagh), Fegernic (1213 pred. Fegyuer-
enuch), Fegernicu Nou (ctun al satului Fegernic
1954) , Sarcu (1800 Szark).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.999

Monumente istorice: cmp de tumuli

Fegernicu Nou; cmp de tumuli Srbi. 1

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Alumas

Srbi lies 35 km north-east from Oradea.

Villages around: Srbi (1291-1294 villa Alumas),

Almau Mic, Burzuc (1421 possesio wolachalis
Borzlyk), Chioag (1421 possesiones wolachalis
Kewagh), Fegernic (1213 pred. Fegyuerenuch),
Fegernicu Nou (1954 den of Fegernic) , Sarcu
(1800 Szark).
No. of inhabitans: 2.999

Historical monuments:
Tumulus fields Fegernicu Nou and Srbi.

3 4
Els okleveles emlts
1291-1294 villa Alumas

Alsttfalu Nagyvradtl szakkeletre fekszik,

35 km. tvolsgra.

A kzsg falvai: Alsttfalu (1291-1294 villa

Alumas), Kisalms, Borszeg (1421 possesio
wolachalis Borzlyk), Kvg (1421 possesiones
wolachalis Kewagh), Almsfegyvernek (1213
pred. Fegyuerenuch), jalmsfegyvernek (1954
Almsfegyverneki tanya), Szark (1800 Szark).
Lakosok szma: 2.999

Trtnelmi rksge:
Tumulok mezk jfegyverneken s Ttfaluban
6
5

1. Almau Mic - car cu boi / Ox chariot /

kisalmsi krsszekr
2. Sarcu motel cu trand termal / Motel 8 9
with thermal water pool / szarki motel,
termlvizes medencvel
3. Burzuc cas de rugciuni/ Prayer house/
A borszegi imahz
4. Fegernicu Nou cldirea fundaiei cretine
/ The building of the Christian foundation /
Az jalmsfegyverneki Keresztny Alapt-
vny szkhza
5. Chioag - biserica ortodox (1875) / The
Orthodox Church / A kvgi ortodox temp-
lom
6. Srbi comeplex comercial / Shop /
alsttfalui zlet
7. Srbi - biserica ortodox (Sec. XIX) / The
Orthodox Church/ Az alsttfalui ortodox
templom
8. Fegernic biserica ortodox (1934-
1940) / The Orthodox Church / Az
almsfegyverneki ortodox templom
9. Burzuc cas veche / Old house /
Borszegi rgi hz

146
 Spinu
Hagymdfalva

2 www.primaria-spinus.ro

Atestare documentar
1523 Halmaghfalva

Comuna Spinu cuprinde partea de nord,

1 nord-est a Depresiuni Ghepiului, poriuni din
vestul Dealurilor Dernei i estul Dealurilor
Oradiei, fiind aezat la la 44 km nordest de
3 Oradea.

Localiti componente: Spinu (1523 Halmaghfal-

va), Ciuleti (1784, 1828 Csujafalva), Gurbeti (1828
Gurbest), Nadr (1400 Nadantelek), Slite (1490
Kewesdwghaza).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.265

Monument istoric i de arhtectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn (1799) Gurbeti.

Documentary testimony
1523 Halmaghfalva

4 Spinu covers the northern and the north-

eastern part of the Ghepi Depression, parts
of the western side of the Dernei Hills and
parts of eastern side of the Oradea Hills. It lies
at 44 km north-east from Oradea.

Villages around: Spinu (1523 Halmaghfalva),

Ciuleti (1784, 1828 Csujafalva), Gurbeti (1828
Gurbest), Nadr (1400 Nadantelek), Slite (1490
Kewesdwghaza).
No. of inhabitans: 1.265

Historical monument: The Orthodox Wooden

Church (1799) Gurbeti.

Els okleveles emlts

1523 Halmaghfalva

Hagymdfalva a Gyepes-medence szakkeleti

rszn fekszik, a dernai nyugati s a vradi ke-
leti dombok kztt, Nagyvradtl 44 km-re.
5 A kzsg falvai: Hagymdfalva (1523 Halmagh-
falva), Csujafalva (1784, 1828 Csujafalva), Grbesd
(1828 Gurbest), Nadntelek (1400 Nadantelek),
Kvesegyhza (1490 Kewesdwghaza).
Lakosok szma: 1.265

Trtnelmi rksg: az ortodox fatemplom

(1799) Grbesd

6 7 8

1. Gurbeti spre cas / On the way

home/ Hazafel Grbesdre
2. Spinu casa Lidia / Lidia house /
hagymdfalvai Ldia hz
3. Slite - vie / Grapes / A kvesegyhzai
szls
4. Slite cas veche / Old house /
kvesegyhzai rgi hz
5. Ciuleti - vedere general / Landscape /
csujafalvai ltkp
6. Slite - biserica ortodox (1928) / The
Orthodox Church / A kvesegyhzai
ortodox templom
7. Nadr - biserica ortodox (1850) / The
Orthodox Church / A grbesdi ortodox
templom
8. Slite biserica reformat (Sec. XIX)/
The Reformed Church / A kvesegy-
hzai reformtus templom
9. Slite - vedere strda principal / Land-
scape / kvesegyhzai ltkp

147
Suplacu de Barcu
Berettyszplak
www.suplacudebarcau.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 villa Zeplac

Comuna Suplacu de Barcu este situat n

partea de nord-est a judeului Bihor, la limita
acestuia cu judeul Slaj. Comuna se afl la
marginea Munilor Plopi, acolo unde rul
Barcu, ieind din strmtorile defileului de la
Marca, curge spre cmpie.

Localiti componente: Suplacu de Barcu (1291-

1294 villa Zeplac), Borumblaca (1327 Borumlak),
Dolea (1954 ctun al satului Suplacu de Barcu),
Foga (1954 ctun al satului Suplacu de Barcu),
Vlcelele (1956 Rtul Blaghii), Valea Cerului
(erpotok n slovac).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.600

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Zeplac
1
Suplacu de Barcu lies in the north-eastern
part of Bihor county at the border with Slaj
county, nearby the Plopi Mountains where 2 3
Barcu river starts its flowing to the open
field, after crossing the narrow gorge of Mar-
ca Slaj.

Villages around: Suplacu de Barcu (1291-1294

villa Zeplac), Borumblaca (1327 Borumlak), Dolea
(1954 den of Suplacu de Barcu), Foga (1954
den of Suplacu de Barcu), Vlcelele (1956 Rtul
Blaghii), Valea Cerului (erpotok in Slovakian).
No. of inhabitans: 4.600

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 villa Zeplac

Berettyszplak Bihar megye szakkeleti r-

szn fekszik, Szilgy megye hatrhoz kzel,
a Rz-hegysg lbnl, ahol a Beretty foly
elhagyvn a mrkaszki szurdokot a vlgy fel
veszi az tjt.

A kzsg falvai: Berettyszplak (1291-1294 villa

Zeplac), Baromlak (1327 Borumlak), Dlyapuszta 4 5
(1954 Berettyszplaki tanya), Foga (1954 Ber-
ettyszplaki tanya), Blgart (1956 Rtul Blaghii),
Cserpatak (erpotok szlovkul).
Lakosok szma: 4.600

1. Viaductul de la Suplacu de Barcu (1,8

km) / Suplacu de Barcu Viaduct (1,8
km) / A berettyszplaki viadukt (1,8 km)
2. Borumblaca vedere general / Land-
scape / baromlaki ltkp
3. Suplacu de Barcu vedere general /
Landscape / berettyszplaki ltkp
4. Borumblaca biserica romano-catolic 8
(Sec. XX) / The Roman-Catholic church /
A baromlaki rmai katolikus templom
5. Borumblaca statuia lui Iisus (1938) /
Statue of Jesus/ Jzus szobra szlovk
felirattal Baromlakn
6. Borumblaca cas veche slovac /
Slovak old house/ baromlaki rgi szlovk
hz
7. Valea Cerului - vedere general / Land-
scape / cserpataki ltkp
8. Valea Cerului - case / Houses / cserpa-
taki hzak

148
 imian
rsemjn
www.simian.ro

Atestare documentar
1333 villa Visemian
1
Comuna imian se ntinde la 75 km de Oradea
n direcia nordvest, la 5 km de grania cu
Ungaria, la 3 km de Valea lui Mihai.

Localiti componente: imian (1333 sacerdos

de Symian), ilindru (1281 Serend), Voivozi (1406
poss. Valahalis Almazegh).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.053

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:

biserica reformat (sec. XVIII) imian;
Merit vizitate Conacele Frater i Csiha i
parcul din centrul comunei care
adpostete bustul lui Kazinczy Ferenc,
datnd din anul 1907; La ilindru merit
vizitat biserica greco-catolic (sec XVIII).
2

Documentary testimony
1333 villa Visemian

Simian lies in the north-western part of the

county, 75 km from Oradea, 5 km from the Hun-
garian border and 3 km from Valea lui Mihai.

Villages around: imian (1333 sacerdos de Symi-

an), ilindru (1281 Serend), Voivozi (1406 poss.
Valahalis Almazegh).
No. of inhabitans: 4.053

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Reformed Church from imian (17th
century) architectural monument, the Frater
and Csiha mansions, the park in the centre of the
commune with the bust of the writer Kazinczy
Ferenc built in 1907, and the greek-catholic
church (17th century) from ilindru.

Els okleveles emlts

1333 villa Visemian

rsemjn Nagyvradtl 75 km-re szak-

4 3 nyugat irnyba, Magyarorszg hatrtl
5 km-re, rmihlyfalvtl pdig 3 km-re fekszik.

A kzsg falvai: rsemjn (1333 sacerdos de

Symian), rselnd (1281 Serend), Feketefalu (1406
poss. Valahalis Almazegh).
Lakosok szma: 4.053

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a kzsg

kzpontjban egy szp park kzepn ll Kazinczy
Ferenc mellszobra, 1907-ben emeltette a szin-
tn neves faluszltte, Frter Lrnd. rdemes
megtekinteni a Frter s Csiha-krikat, a
semjni, XVII. szzadbeli reformtus s ugyan-
abban a szzadban plt rselndi grg kato-
likus templomokat.

1. ilindru lac pescresc / Fishing lake /

rselnd halast
5 6 2. imian liturghie n biserica reformat /
Reformed Church mass / Istentisztelet az
rsemjni reformtus templomban
7 8 3. Parcul din imian cu biserica reformat
(XVII) i bustul Kazinczy Ferenc (1907) /
Park of Simian with the Reformed Church
and the bust of Kazinczy Ferenc / Az
rsemjni park a reformtus templom-
mal s a Kazinczy Ferenc mellszoborral
4. ilindru biserica greco-catolic (1780)/
The greek catholic church (1780) / Az
rselndi grg katolikus templom
5. Voivozi - biserica ortodox - liturghie /
The mass in the Orthodox Church from
Voivozi / Mise a feketefalui templomban
6. Conacul Roxin din imian (XVIII), azi
Muzeul Memorial Kazinczy Ferenc, Frter
Lrnd i Csiha Klmn / Roxin Mansion,
today museum / rsemjni Roxin-kria,
ma Kazinczy Ferenc, Frter Lrnd s
Csiha Klmn emlkmzeum
7. imian - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
rsemjn madrtvlatbl
8. imian - Ziua comunei / The Day of
Simian / rsemjni Napok 149
inteu
Nova Huta - Slyomkvr
www.primariasinteu.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1535 Semtheesth

Comuna inteu se situeaz pe culmea Munte-

lui es, de o parte i alta a DN 1H care leag
1 2 3
oraul Aled cu oraul imleu Silvaniei (Slaj),
la 53 de km est de Oradea i este locuit de
populaie majoritar slovac. 4 5
Localiti componente: inteu - Nova Huta n
slovac (1535 Semtheesth), Huta Voivozi (Stra
Huta n slovac), Socet (1954 ctun al satului
inteu, Huta Soet n slovac), Valea Trnei (1830,
1913 Hrmaspatak, Zidrei n slovac).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.291

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: festivalul

folcloric al hutenilor slovaci (august), nlarea
semnului de mai, Balul Cartofului (octombrie)
inteu.

Documentary testimony
1535 Semtheesth

inteu is situated on the top of the es Moun-

tain, on both sides of DN 1H road, what con-
nects Aled to imleu Silvaniei, 53 km east
from Oradea.

Villages around: inteu - Nova Huta in Slovakian

(1535 Semtheesth), Huta Voivozi (Stra Huta in
Slovakian), Socet (1954 den of inteu, Huta Soet
in Slovakian), Valea Trnei (1830, 1913 Hrmaspa-
tak, Zidrei in Slovakian).
No. of inhabitans: 1.291

Etnography and heritage: folk festival held by

the Slovak hutenians in August, Rising of May-
sign, and the Potato Feast in October inteu.

Els okleveles emlts

1535 Semtheesth

Slyomk a Rz-hegysg tetejn helyezkedik

el, Nagyvradtl 53 km-re, a DN 1H t kt olda-
ln, amely sszekti lesdet s Szilgysomlyt.

A kzsg falvai: Slyomkvr - Nova Huta

szlovkul (1535 Semtheesth), Almaszeghuta
(Stra Huta szlovkul), Fordul (1954 slyomkvri
tanya, Huta Soet szlovkul), Hrmaspatak (1830,
1913 Hrmaspatak, Zidrei szlovkul).
Lakosok szma: 1.291

Nprajzi hagyomnyok: szlovk folklrfesztivl

augusztusban, mjusfa llts, burgonyabl (ok-
tber) Slyomkvr 6 7

1. inteu fresc din biserica romano

catolic (Sec. XIX) / Mural from the
Roman-Catholic church / Fresk a
slyomkvri rmai katolikus templom-
ban
2. Valea Trnei capel (Sec. XIX) / Chapel
/ A hrmaspataki kpolna
3. Socet gospodrie tradiional / Farm /
forduli gazdasg 9
4. inteu - biserica romano catolic (1838-
1840)/ The Roman-Catholic church / A
slyomkvri rmai katolikus templom
5. inteu interiorul bisericii romano
catolice / The inside of the Roman-
Catholic church / slyomkvri rmai
katolikus templombels
6. Troi din Huta Voivozi / Cross from
Huta Voivozi / almaszeghutai kereszt
7. inteu casa parohial / Presbitery / A
slyomkvri parkia
8. inteu - vedere general / Sight /
slyomkvri ltkp
9. Ferma de bizoni i mistrei de la inteu
/ Bison and wild boar farm from Sinteu 10
/ slyomkvri blny s vaddiszn
farm
10. Preedintele Slovaciei, Ivan Gasparo-
vici, in vizit la inteu / President of
Slovakia, Ivan Gasparovici, visiting
Sinteu / Ivan Gasparovici - Szlovkia
elnknek ltogatja Slyomkvron
150
 oimi
Slyom

Atestare documentar
1487 Solyond, Sylyond
1
Comuna oimi este aezat la 67 km sudest de
Oradea, fiind strbtur de pitorescul defileu al
Criului Negru, la poalele munilor Codru Moma.

Localiti componente: oimi (1487 Solyond, Syly-

ond), Borz (1587 Borzik), Codru (1956 ctun al satu-
lui Dumbrvia de Codru), Dumbrvia de Codru
(1692 Dombruicza), Poclua de Beiu, Snnicolau
de Beiu (1552 Zenthmiklos), Ursad (1374 poss.
Walachalis Vyzath), Urvi de Beiu (1487 Erwenyes).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.008

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Dealul

Boocana (turn i amplasament de biseric) i ru-
ine de reedin feudal, cimitir (sec. XI-XIII) Sn-
nicolau de Beiu; biserica de lemn Sf. Arhangheli
(sec. XVIII) oimi.
Monumente ale naturii: Dealul Pacu (rezervaie
botanic, bujorul banatic) Borz.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: complex de
mori pe Valea Morilor (sec. XIX-XX) Borz; moar
de ap oimi i Urvi de Beiu.

2 3
Documentary testimony
1487 Solyond, Sylyond

oimi is located 67 km south-east from Oradea

and it is crossed by the pitoresque gorge of the
Criul Negru River, at the feet of the Codru Moma
Mountains.

Villages around: oimi (1487 Solyond, Sylyond),

Borz (1587 Borzik), Codru (1956 den of Dumbrvia
de Codru), Dumbrvia de Codru (1692 Dom-
bruicza), Poclua de Beiu, Snnicolau de Beiu
(1552 Zenthmiklos), Ursad (1374 poss. Walachalis
Vyzath), Urvi de Beiu (1487 Erwenyes).
5 No. of inhabitans: 3.008

Historical and architectural monuments: Dealul

Boocana (tower and church) and settlement and
cemetery ruins from the feudal age (XI-XIII) Sn-
nicolau de Beiu; the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox
wooden church (XVIII) oimi.
Sightseeing: Dealul Pacu (botanical reservation
with rare flowers from the region) Borz.
Etnography and heritage: mill-complex along
Valea Morilor (XIX-XX) Borz, water mill oimi
and Urvi de Beiu.

4
Els okleveles emlts
1487 Solyond, Sylyond
8
Slyom kzsg Vradtl dlkeletre fekszik, 67 km-
6 re. tszeli a Bihari hegysg lbnl fakad Feke-
te-Krs festi szurdoka.

A kzsg falvai: Slyom (1487 Solyond, Sylyond),

Borz (1587 Borzik), Codru (1956 Havasdombri
tanya), Havasdombr (1692 Dombruicza),
Havaspoklos, Belnyesszentmikls (1552
Zenthmiklos), Urszd (1374 poss. Walachalis
Vyzath), Belnyesrvnyes (1487 Erwenyes).
Lakosok szma: 3.008

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a

belnyesszentmiklsi torony s templomromok,
a temet (XI-XIII. szzad); az Arkangyalok ortodox
fatemplom (XVIII)
Ltnivalk: Pacu-domb (botanikai rezervtum,
7 bnti bazsarzsa) Borz

10
9 1. Dumbrvia de Codru - vedere aerian cu bi-
serica ortodox (1820-1835) / Aerial view of the
Orthodox Church / Lgi felvtel a havasdombri
11 ortodox templomrl
2. Borz - biserica ortodox (1922) / The Orthodox
Church/ A borzi ortodox templom
3. Pod peste Criul Negru, detaliu/ Bridge over
the Crisul Negru River / Hd a Fekete-Krsn
4. Dumbrvia de Codru - vedere aerian / Aerial
view / Havasdombr madrtvlatbl
5. Cuptor tradiional pentru pine / Traditional
oven / Rgi kemence
6. Poclua de Beiu - biserica ortodox (Sec. XIX)/
The Orthodox Church / A havaspoklosi ortodox
templom
7. Chemtori la nunt/ Wedding guests / Vflyek
8. Snnicolau de Beiu vedere aerian / Aerial
view / Belnyesszentmiklsirl lgi felvtel
9. oimi biserica ortodox de lemn / The Ortho-
dox Wooden Church / Slyomi fatemplom
10. Snnicolau de Beiu - monument istoric (Sec.
XIII)/ Historical monument / belnyesszent-
miklsi trtnelmi memlk
11. Borz Defileul Criului Negru - vedere
aerian / Aerial view / Borz madrtvlatbl

151
uncuiu
Vsonkolyos
www.suncuius.ro

Atestare documentar
1256, 1264 Sunkulus
Comuna uncuiu este situat n partea de est a judeului
Bihor, la circa 63 km de municipiul Oradea, la poalele
munilor Padurea Craiului n depresiunea Vad-Borod,
pe valea Criului Repede. Este o zon turistic apreciat 1
datorit formelor de relief i formaiunilor carstice din
rezervaia natural Defileul Criului Repede. Comuna
este strbtut de DJ 108I (Tileagd-Vadu Criului-
Suncuiu-Bratca), care face legtura cu oseaua E60.

Localiti componente: uncuiu (1256, 1264 Sunkulus),

Blnaca (1406 Balnak), Blnaca-Groi (1956 ctun al
satului Blnaca), Zece Hotare (1913 Rvtizfalu).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.503

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: Dealul Simionu-

lui (fortificaie tip pinten barat, ep. fierului), Petera Le-
siana (punct de locuire, neolitic, ep. feudal) i Petera
Miidului (punct de locuire, neolitic, ep. medieval)
Blnaca.
Monumente ale naturii: peterile Vntului (cea mai lung
peter din Romnia) i Unguru Mare (rezervaii speo-
carstice), Cheile Miidului i defileul Criului Repede
(rezervaii mixte).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri de 2 3
clac i colindat, teatru nescris, esturi populare, hori-
toare, moar de ap uncuiu.
5 4 6

Documentary testimony
1256, 1264 Sunkulus
uncuiu is in the eastern part of Bihor county, 63 km
from Oradea, at the feet of the Pdurea Craiului Moun-
tains in the Vad-Borod Depression, along the Criul
Repede River. It is a well-known tourist place due to the
geographical shapes and carstic formations from the
natural reservation of The Criul Repede Gorge. The
commune is crossed by the DJ 108I road (Tileagd-Vadu
Criului-Suncuiu-Bratca), that connects the commune
to the E 60.

Villages around: uncuiu (1256, 1264 Sunkulus), Blnaca

(1406 Balnak), Blnaca-Groi (1956 den of Blnaca), Zece
Hotare (1913 Rvtizfalu).
No. of inhabitans: 3.503

Historical and architectural monuments: Dealul Simi-

onului (fortress from iron age), Lesiana cave (settle-
ment in neolithic and medieval age) and Miidului cave
(settlement in neolithic and medieval age) Blnaca.
Sightseeing: Vntului (the longest cave of Romania) and
Unguru Mare caves (speo-carstic reservations), Miidului
Canyon and Criul Repede Gorge (mixed reservations).
Etnography and heritage: meeting points and Christ-
mas carols, unwritten theatre, folk weaving, water mill
uncuiu.

Els okleveles emlts

1256, 1264 Sunkulus
Vrsonkolyos Bihar megye keleti rszn fekszik,
63 km-re Nagyvradtl a Kirlyhg lbnl.
Mivel a RvBrd medencben terl el, a Sebes-
Krs partjn, vltozatos domborzati formi-
nak ksznheten nagyra rtkelik a trzk. A
kzsget tszeli a DJ 108I megyei t TelegdKrs-
rvSonkolyosBartka szakaszon, amely sszekti
a teleplst az ettl 1 km tvolsgra lv E60-as
nemzetkzi ttal.

A kzsg falvai: Vrsonkolyos (1256, 1264 Sunkulus),

7 8
Krsbnlaka (1406 Balnak), Krsbnlakai erd (1956
den of Blnaca), Rvtzfalu (1913 Rvtzfalu).
Lakosok szma: 3.503 9
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Simon vlgye (vaskori
erdtmny), Bir Lajos barlang (kkori s kzpkori
teleplsmaradvnyok) Misid (kkori s kzpkori tele-
plsmaradvnyok) Bnlaka
Ltnivalk: A Szelek s a Nagy Magyar barlangok (karsz-
tikus barlangrezervtum), Misid vlgye s a Sebes-Krs
szurdoka (vegyes rezervtum)
Nprajzi hagyomny: Kalka s kntls, npi jtkok,
npi szttesek, vzimalom

1. Defileul Criului Repede / The Gorge of

the Criul Repede River / A Sebes-Krs
szurdoka
2. Rafting
3. Blnaca / Blnaca / Krsbnlaka
4. uncuiu tabr / Camp / A vrsonkolyosi
tborkzpont
5. Petera Unguru Mare / Unguru Mare
cave / Nagy Magyar-barlang
6. Blnaca - biserica ortodox (Sec. XIX) /
The Orthodox Church / A krsbnlakai
ortodox templom
7. Zece Hotare - Sculptur n lemn / Wood
sculpture / A rvtzfalui fafarags
8. uncuiu vedere aerian / Aerial
view / Vrsonkolyos madrtvlatbl
9. Petera Unguru Mare vzut di aer / 152
Unguru Mare cave seen from air / Nagy
Magyar-barlang madrtvlatbl

152
 Tarcea
rtarcsa

www.tarcea.ro
2
Atestare documentar
1163 villa Torsa

Comuna Tarcea este situat n partea de nord-

vest a judeului Bihor, aflndu-se la circa 60
km de Oradea i la 7 km de Valea lui Mihai.

Localiti componente: Tarcea (1163 villa Torsa),

Adoni (1237 terra Odum), Galopetreu (1291-1294
Villa Petri in Nyr).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.703

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

romano-catolic Sf. Treime(1786) Adoni; co-
nacul Draveczky (1846) azi cldire de locuit i
bibliotec colar, conacul Frter I (1860) azi
dispensar medical, conacul Frter II (1895)
Galopetreu, biserica-cetate reformat (1621)
Galopetreu.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: mpletituri
1 3 din papur i nuiele Adoni, cas piesagistic de
pe Valea Ierului - Galopetreu.

Documentary testimony
1163 villa Torsa

Tarcea is situated in the northern part of the

county on the E671 road, 60 km from Oradea
and 7 km from Valea lui Mihai.

Villages around: Tarcea (1163 villa Torsa), Adoni

(1237 terra Odum), Galopetreu (1291-1294 Villa
Petri in Nyr).
No. of inhabitans: 2.703

Historical and architectural monuments: Its

ancient monuments are the Roman-Catholic
church (1786) from Adoni, the Frter I man-
4 5 sion (1860), the Draveczky mansion (1846), the
Frter mansion II (1895), the Reformed Church
(1621) from Galospetreu. The pride of the com-
6 mune is the museum of the traditional country
house, inaugurated in 2002 in Galospetreu
Etnography and heritage: basketwork and bul-
rush weaving Adoni.

Els okleveles emlts

1163 villa Torsa

rtarcsa Bihar megye szaki rszn helyez-

kedik el a NagyvradSzatmrnmeti E 671
ft mentn, 6o km-re Nagyvradtl s 7 km-
re rmihlyfalvtl.

A kzsg falvai: rtarcsa (1163 villa Torsa), ra-

dony (1237 terra Odum), Glospetri (1291-1294
Villa Petri in Nyr).
Lakosok szma: 2.703

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Az ra-

donyi rmai katolikus templom (1786), a Dra-
veczki kria (1846) ma iskolaknyvtr, Frter-
kria I (1860) ma rendel, Frter-kria II (1895)
s a reformtus vrtemplom (1621) Glospetri.

1. Adoni biserica romano-catolic (1786)

/ The Roman-Catholic church / Az ra-
donyi rmai katolikus templom
2. Adoni statuie de frontispiciu, biserica
romano - catolic / Frontispiece statue,
the Roman-Catholic church / Az ra-
donyi rmai katolikus templom homlok-
zati szobra
3. Tarcea - biserica ortodox (1859) / The
Orthodox Church / Az rtarcsai ortodox
7 8 templom
4. Galopetreu - Colecia de Etnografie
creat de Kri Istvn, ntr-o gospodrie
rneasc / Ethnographic collection
of Mr. Kri Istvn / Kri Istvn alkotta
falumzeum Glospetriben
5. Galopetreu conacul Frter II (1895) /
Frter II mansion / A glospetri Frter-
kria II
6. Tarcea vedere aerian / Aerial view
/ rtarcsa madrtvlatbl
7. Galopetreu biserica reformat
(1621)/ The Reformed church / A glos-
petri reformtus vrtemplom
8. Galopetreu cas tradiional / Sight
house / A glospetri rmellki tjhz
153
 Tmeu
Paptamsi

www.tamaseu.ro

Atestare documentar
1219 villa Tumas

Comuna Tmeu este una din noile

comune ale judeului, aflndu-se la 19 km
nord de Oradea. Comuna Tmeu are
trand cu ap termal frecventat nu numai
de localnici iar la Parhida exist ap mineral
recomandat pentru mai multe afeciuni.

Localiti componente: Tmeu (1219 villa Tu-

mas), Niuved (1200 villa Neueg), Parhida (1216 villa
Vodozt), Satu Nou (1828, 1851 Kis-jfalu).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.000

1
Documentary testimony
1219 villa Tumas
Tmeu is one of the new communes of the
county, 19 km north from Oradea. Tmeu
has a thermal water pool, and Parhida village
has medically proved mineral water in healing
different affections.

Villages around: Tmeu (1219 villa Tumas), Niu-

ved (1200 villa Neueg), Parhida (1216 villa Vodozt),
Satu Nou (1828, 1851 Kis-jfalu).
No. of inhabitans: 2.000

Els okleveles emlts

1219 villa Tumas

Paptamsi a megye j kzsgei kz tarto-

zik, Nagyvradtl 19 km-re szakra fekszik.
Tamsiban termlviz strand, Pelbrthidn
pedig gygyhats svnyvzforrsok tall-
hatk.
2 4
A kzsg falvai: Paptamsi (1219 villa Tumas),
Nyved (1200 villa Neueg), Pelbrthida (1216 villa
Vodozt), Kgyipuszta (1828, 1851 Kis-jfalu).
Lakosok szma: 2.000

3 5

1. Tmeu vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Paptamsi lgi felvtel
2. Niuved cas tradiional / Old house /
nyvedi rgi hz
3. Tmeu trandul termal /
Thermal swimming pool / A paptamsi
termlfrd
4. Parhida biserica reformat (sec. XIII)/
The Reformed Church / A pelbrthidai
reformtus templom
5. Balul strugurilor la Parhida / Grape fest /
pelbrthidai szreti bl
6. Satu Nou - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Kgyipuszta madrtvlatbl

154
 Trcaia
Krstrkny
http://korostarkany.uw.hu/

2 Atestare documentar
1332 sacerdos de villa Tharcand

Comuna Trcaia se afl la 71 km sudest

de Oradea i este situat n Depresiunea
Beiuului, fiind strbtut de Criul Negru.

Localiti componente: Trcaia (1332 sacerdos de

villa Tharcand), Mierag (1588 Mirragh), Trcia
(1588 Tarchanichia), Totoreni (1580 Totorfalua).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.144

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur:

biserica ortodox de lemn Adormirea Maicii
Domnului (1756) Mierag; biserica ortodox
de lemn Pogorrea Sf. Duh (1796) Trcia,
biserica ortodox de lemn Adormirea Maicii
domnului (1697) Totoreni.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: cri vechi
de cult Mierag; arhitectur tradiional
Trcia; moar de ap pe Valea Criului Ne-
gru, Totoreni i pe Valea Trciei Trcaia.
1 3

Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de villa Tharcand

Trcaia lies in the Beiuului Depression, being

crossed by the Criul Negru River. It is 71 km
south-east from Oradea.

Villages around: Trcaia (1332 sacerdos de villa

Tharcand), Mierag (1588 Mirragh), Trcia (1588
Tarchanichia), Totoreni (1580 Totorfalua).
No. of inhabitans: 2.144

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Adormirea Maicii Domnului Orthodox
wooden church (1756) Mierag; the Pogor-
rea Sf. Duh Orthodox wooden church (1796)
Trcia, the Adormirea Maicii Domnului
6 Orthodox wooden church (1697) Totoreni.
Etnography and heritage: ancient religious
books Mierag; traditional architecture
7 Trcia; water mill on the Criul Negru River,
Totoreni and on Trcia Trcaia.

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de villa Tharcand

Krstrkny a belnyesi medencben,

Vradtl 71 km-re, dlkeletre fekszik, a Fekete-
Krs szeli t.

A kzsg falvai: Krstrkny (1332 sacerdos de

villa Tharcand), Mrg (1588 Mirragh), Trknykai
(1588 Tarchanichia), Tatrfalva (1580 Totorfalua)
Lakosok szma: 2.144

4 Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: rgi mise-

knyvek - Mrg, npi ptszet - Kistrkny,
vzimalmok - Tatrfalva
5

1. Trcia punea satului / Pasture / A

kistrknyi legel
2. Totoreni biserica ortodox de lemn (1697)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A tatrfalvai
ortodox fatemplom
3. Trcia biserica ortodox de lemn (1796) /
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A kis-
trknyi ortodox fatemplom
8 4. Trcaia biserica reformat (Sec. XVIII)/
The Reformed Church / A krstrknyi
reformtus templom
5. Mierag biserica ortodox de lemn (1756)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A mrgi
ortodox fatemplom
6. Trcia pictur a bisericii de lemn
(1796)/ The ceiling of the wooden church / A
kistrknyi ortodox fatemplom mennyezete
7. Rpele de la Mierag / Cliffs from Mierag /
mrgi vzmoss
8. Mierag - car cu boi / Ox chariot / kisalmsi
krsszekr
155
Tuteu
Tti
www.primaria-tauteu.ro

Atestare documentar
1291-1294 villa Toty

Comuna Tuteu este situat n nord-estul ju-

detului Bihor, la 56 km de Oradea, n bazinul
hidrografic al vii Bistrei, afluent de stnga
al Barcului, la vest de munii Plopiului i la
nord de dealurile Dernei.

Localiti componente: Tuteu (1291 1294

villa Toty), Bogei (1406 possesio walachalis Bo-
zay), Chiribi (1219 villa Terebus), Ciutelec (1305
Cheyteluk) , Poiana.
Nr. de locuitori: 4.338

Monument istoric: biserica reformat (sec. XV)

Tuteu.

Documentary testimony
1291-1294 villa Toty
1
Tuteu is located in the north-eastern part of
the county, 56 km from Oradea, in the valley
Bistra tributary stream of the Barcu river, in
the west of the Plopiului Mountains and in
the north of the Dernei Hills.

Villages around: Tuteu (1291 1294 villa Toty),

Bogei (1406 possesio walachalis Bozay), Chiribi
(1219 villa Terebus), Ciutelec (1305 Cheyteluk),
Poiana.
No. of inhabitans: 4.338

Historical monument: the Reformed Church

(XV) Tuteu.

Els okleveles emlts

1291-1294 villa Toty

Tti kzsg Bihar megye szakkeleti r-

szn fekszik, 56 km-re a megyeszkhelytl
a Bisztra vlgyben, amit a Beretty bal oldali
ga, nyugatrl pedig a Rz-hegysg hatrol. 2
A kzsg falvai: Tti (1291 1294 villa
Toty), Bozsaly (1406 possesio walachalis Bozay),
Bisztraterebes (1219 villa Terebus), Cshteleki
(1305 Cheyteluk), Rtimalomtanya.
Lakosok szma: 4.338

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

a tti reformtus templom (XV)

1. Bogei poart de lemn de inspiraie

maramurean / Wooden front door / A
bozsalyi fakapu
2. Poiana conacul Poroszlay (1860-1870)
/ Poroszlay Mansion / rtimalomtanyai
Poroszlay-kria
3. Tuteu biserica reformat (sec. XV) / 5
The Reformed Church / A tti reform-
tus templom 6 7
4. Chiribi - biserica ortodox (1909) / The
Orthodox Church / A bisztraterebesi
ortodox templom
5. Tuteu biserica romano-catolic (Sec.
XX) / The Roman-Catholic church / A
tti rmai katolikus templom
6. Tuteu elevi ai colii generale / Kids
from the elementary school / A tti
ltalnos iskola tanuli
7. Ciutelec parc / Park / A cshteleki
park

156
 Tileagd
Meztelegd
www.primariatileagd.ro
www.mezotelegd.com
Atestare documentar
1256 terra seu poss. Thelegd
1 2
Comuna Tileagd este situat n vestul depre-
siunii Vad Borod, care se desfoar n
lungul Criului Repede ntre Munii Plopi i
Pdurea Craiului. Comuna se afl la 21 km est
de Oradea, pe drumul european E 60, ce leag
Oradea de Cluj Napoca.

Localiti componente: Tileagd (1256 terra seu

poss. Thelegd), Blaia (1622 Kabalspatak),
Clani (ctun al satului Tileagd, 1954 Cleni),
Pooloaca (1291-1294 Pousalaka), Tilecu (1552
Thelkesdh), Uileacu de Cri (1283 poss. Wylak).
Nr. de locuitori: 7.026

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

reformat (1775) Pooloaca; biserica reformat
(1507) i castelul Teleki (1848), azi sanatoriu Tile-
agd; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli
(1785) Tilecu.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri de
4 colindat, horitoare Tilecu.

Documentary testimony
1256 terra seu poss. Thelegd
Tileagd is situated in the western part of the
Vad Borod Depression, lying along the Criul
Repede River between the Plopi Mountains
and the Pdurea Craiului Mountains. The com-
mune is 21 km east from Oradea, on the E 60
road, which connects Oradea to Cluj Napoca.

Villages around: Tileagd (1256 terra seu poss.

Thelegd), Blaia (1622 Kabalspatak), Clani
(den of Tileagd, 1954 Cleni), Pooloaca (1291-
1294 Pousalaka), Tilecu (1552 Thelkesdh), Uilea-
cu de Cri (1283 poss. Wylak).
No. of inhabitans: 7.026

Historical and architectural monuments:

3 the Reformed Church (1775) Pooloaca; the
Reformed Church (1507) and the Teleki castle
(1848), today a medical sanatorium Tileagd;
6 the Sf. Arhangheli Orthodox wooden church
(1785) Tilecu.
Etnography and heritage: Christmas customs
Tilecu.

Els okleveles emlts

1256 terra seu poss. Thelegd
5
Meztelegdet a RvBrd-medence nyugati
rszn talljuk, a Sebes-Krs folysa mentn,
8 a Rz-hegysg s a Kirlyhg kztt. A kzsg
21 km-re fekszik Nagyvradtl, az E 60-as t
mentn, amely Nagyvradot kti ssze Kolozs-
vrral.

A kzsg falvai: Meztelegd (1256 terra seu poss.

Thelegd), Kabalspatak (1622 Kabalspatak),
Clani (Tileagdi Tanya, 1954 Cleni), Psalaka
(1291-1294 Pousalaka), Telkesd (1552 Thelkesdh),
Pusztajlak (1283 poss. Wylak).
Lakosok szma: 7.026

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a reform-

tus templom (1775) Psalakn; a reformtus
templom (1507) s a Teleki kastly (1848), ma
7 szanatrium Meztelegden; ill. a telkesdi orto-
dox fatemplom (1785)
Nprajzi hagyomny: kntls Telkesd

1. Uileacu de Cri - vedere aerian / Aerial

view / Pusztajlak madrtvlatbol
2. Tileagd - bustul Hagymssy Kata,
nevasta fostului principe al Transilvaniei
tefan Bocskay (1605-1606) / The bust
of Hagymssy Kata, wife of Stephen
Bocskai - Prince of Transylvania /
Hagymssy Kata mellszobra, Bocskai
Istvn, Erdly fejedelmnek felesge
3. Tileagd fresc biserica reformat
(1507) / The Reformed Church / A
meztelegdi reformtus templom
4. Tileagd biserica reformat (1507) /
The Reformed Church / A meztelegdi
templombels
5. Pooloaca vedere cu biserica
9 reformat (1775) / View of the Reformed
Church / Psalaki ltkp a reformtus
templommal
6. Tileagd centru / Centre / A
meztelegdi kzsg kzpontja
7. Tilecu biserica ortodox de lemn
(1785) / The Orthodox Wooden Church
/ A telkesdi ortodox fatemplom
8. Pooloaca cas veche de 200 ani / 200
years old house / psalaki 200 ves hz
9. Tileagd castelul Haller-Teleki (1848)
/ Haller-Teleki castle / A meztelegdi
Haller-Teleki kastly
157
Tinca
Tenke
www.primariatinca.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1338 Tenky
Comuna Tinca este situat la 130 m altitudine, pe
terasa inferioar dreapt a rului Criul Negru, la
40 km sud de Oradea. Tinca gzduiete o staiune
balneo-climateric care dispune de 3 izvoare cu
ape minerale bicarbonatate, calcice, magneziene,
sodice, carbogazoase, atrgnd numeroi vizita-
tori pentru tratament sau doar pentru petrecerea
timpului liber.

Localiti componente: Tinca (1338 Tenky), Belfir (1552

Belfenyer), Giriu Negru (1169 villa Gyuros), Gurbediu
(1584 Gizanfalua), Rpa (1692 Rpa Hodos).
Nr. de locuitori: 7.406

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Nicolae (1743) Tinca. 1
Merit vizitat Muzeul de tiine Naturale, avnd
colecii de flor i faun specifice vii Criului Ne-
gru. 3
Monumente ale naturii: Poiana cu Narcise Goronite
2
(rezervaie botanic) Gurbediu.
Etnografie i manifestri tradiionale: n luna august
a fiecrui an se organizeaz Zilele Tincanilor.

Documentary testimony
1338 Tenky
Tinca lies at 130 m height on the lower right
terrace of the Criul Negru River, having the
Miersigului hills at north and being at 40 km
south from Oradea. Tinca has a healthcare and
leisure resort with three mineral water springs
rich in bicarbonates, calcium, magnesium and
sodium. Many tourists and pacients visit the re-
sort due to these springs.

Villages around: Tinca (1338 Tenky), Belfir (1552

Belfenyer), Giriu Negru (1169 villa Gyuros), Gurbediu
(1584 Gizanfalua), Rpa (1692 Rpa Hodos).
No. of inhabitans: 7.406

Historical and architectural monuments: the St.

Nicolae Orthodox wooden church (1743) Tinca.
Worth to see the Natural Sciences Museum, with an
important collection of the flora and fauna of the re-
gion.
Sightseeing: Tinca healthcare resort; the Goronite
daffodil field (botanical reservation) Gurbediu.
Etnography and heritage: Zilele Tincanilor 5
the commune days every August.

Els okleveles emlts

1338 Tenky
Tenke kzsg 130 m tengerszint fltti ma-
gassgban fekszik, a Fekete-Krs jobb ol-
dali als teraszn, Nagyvradtl 40 km-re dlre.
Tenkefrd 3 gygyvzforrssal is bszklkedhet,
melyek gazdag svnyi tartalma a turistkat s 4
a gygykezelsre jrkat egyarnt csalogatja.

A kzsg falvai: Tenke (1338 Tenky), Blfenyr (1552

Belfenyer), Feketegyrs (1169 villa Gyuros), Tenke- 6
grbed (1584 Gizanfalua), Krsmart (1692 Rpa Ho-
dos).
Lakosok szma: 7.406

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: a Szent Mikls 7

ortodox fatemplom (1743). rdemes megltogatni a
termszetrajzi mzeumot, melynek gazdag nvnyi-
s llattani gyjtemnye bemutatja a rgi sajtos
lvilgt. 8
Ltnivalkk: Tenkefrd; Nrciszrt (botanikai rez-
ervtum) Tenkegrbeden
Nprajzi hagyomny: minden v augusztusban
megrendezik a Tenkei Napokat

1. Tinca peisaj / Landscape/ tenkei ltkp

2. Rpa - biserica ortodox (1936) / The Ortho-
dox Church / A krsmarti ortodox templom
3. Gurbediu - biserica ortodox (1888-1889)/
The Orthodox Church / A tenkegrbedi
ortodox templom
4. Belfir orfelinat (XIX) / orphanage / Gyer-
mekotthon
5. Tinca - biserica ortodox de lemn (1743)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church/ A tenkei
ortodox fatemplom
6. Bile Tinca / Tinca Spa / Tenkefrd 9 10
7. Bile Tinca izvoare de ap minearal /
Mineral water springs / tenkefrdi gygy-
vzforrs
8. Tinca - biserica ortodox - iconostas aurit n
aur (1927-1939) / The Orthodox Church / A
tenkei ortodox templom
9. Tinca biserica reformat (1882-1883) / The
Reformed Church / A tenkei reformtus
templom
10. Tinca biserica romano-catolic
158 (1810) / The Roman-Catholic Church / A
tenkei rmai katolikus templom
 Toboliu
Vizesgyn

Atestare documentar
1213 villa Gyan

Comuna Toboliu este aezat la 20 km de

Oradea ctre sudvest, n Cmpia Criului
Repede, pe DJ 797/A, nfiinat prin reorgani-
zarea comunei Giriu de Cri, n baza Legii
375/2007 la 10 ianuarie 2008.

Localiti componente: Toboliu (1213 villa Gyan),

Cheresig (1289 Kereseg-1291 Kerus Zeg)
1 Nr. de locuitori: 2.057

Monument istoric: donjon de cetate (sec. XIII-XIV)

2 3 Cheresig.

Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: Festivalul

verzei de la Toboliu

Documentary testimony
1213 villa Gyan

Toboliu is 20 km south-west of Oradea, in the

Criului Repede Field, on the DJ 797/A road,
founded in 10th of january 2008 as a commune,
spliting from Girisu de Cris.

Villages around: Toboliu (1213 villa Gyan),

Cheresig (1289 Kereseg-1291 Kerus Zeg).

No. of inhabitans: 2.057

4 5 Historical monument: fortress-tower (XIII-XIV)

Cheresig.

Local Events: cabbage festival in Toboliu

Els okleveles emlts

1213 villa Gyan
Vizesgyn kzsg Nagyvradtl 20 km-re fek-
szik, dlnyugati irnyba, a 797/A megyei ton,
a Sebes-Krs sksgn. A Krsszegi vrral
szemben, a Sebes-Krs bal partjra plt r-
pd-kori Vizesgyn telepls valsznleg egy-
ids a Krsszegi vrral, mivel a falu a vrszol-
6 gk lakhelye volt, amit a XIII. szzadi oklevelek
is megerstenek.
2008. janur 10-n vlt ki Krsgyres
kzsgbl.

A kzsg falvai: Vizesgyn (1213 villa Gyan).

Krsszeg (1289 Kereseg-1291 Kerus Zeg),

Lakosok szma: 2.057

Trtnelmi rksge:
a krsszegi Csonka Torony (XIII-XIV. szzad)

Helyi esemnyek: a vizesgyni kposzta fesztivl

1. Cheresig vedere / Landscape /

krsszegi ltkp
2. Toboliu - peisaj / Landscape / vizesgyni
ltkp
3. Toboliu - Festivalul verzei / The Cabbage
Festival / A vizesgyni kposzta fesztivl
4. Cheresig - donjon de cetate (sec. XIII-XIV)
/ Fortress-tower (XIII-XIV) / A krsszegi
Csonka torony (13-14. szzad)
5. Cheresig - Criul Repede / The Cris rever
at Cheresig / A Fekete-Krs Krssze-
gen
6. Cheresig - biserica ortodox (1905) / The
church / A krsszegi templom
7 7. Toboliu - biserica ortodox (1865) / The
Orthodox Church / A vizesgyni ortodox
templom
8. Toboliu - primria / The Local Hall / A
vizesgyni polgrmesteri hivatal
159
Tulca
Tulka
www.primariatulca.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1215 villa Tulka

Comuna Tulca este aezat n sud-vestul

judeului Bihor, la 8 km vest municipiul Salonta,
la 48 km sud de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Tulca (1215 villa Tulka),

Cuad (1316 Kauastelek).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.904

Documentary testimony
1215 villa Tulka

Tulca lies in the north-western part of Bihor

county, 8 km West of Salonta and 48 km South
of Oradea.

Villages around: Tulca (1215 villa Tulka), Cuad

(1316 Kauastelek). 1
No. of inhabitans: 2.904

Els okleveles emlts

1215 villa Tulka

Tulka a megye dlnyugati rszn fekszik, 48

km-re Nagyvradtl s 8 km-re Nagyszalon-
ttl.

A kzsg falvai: Tulka (1215 villa Tulka), Kvsd

(1316 Kauastelek).
Lakosok szma: 2.904

4 3

1. Tulca vedere aerian / Aerial view /

Tulka madrtvlatbl
2. Tulca - biserica ortodox (18811882)/
The ortodox church / A tulkai ortodox
templom
3. Cuad - biserica ortodox (1925-1926)/
The ortodox church / A kvsdi ortodox
templom
4. Tulca moar veche / Old mill / A tulkai
rgi malom
5. Cu crua prin Tulca / With chariot /
Szekrrel Tulkn

160
 echea
Ccke

www.primariatetchea.bihor.ro

Atestare documentar
1256 terra Chetka

Comuna echea este situat pe cursul mijlociu

al Criului Repede, de pe malul stng al rului
pn sub poala dealurilor Tadului, la 34 km
est de Oradea.
1 2 Localiti componente: echea (1256 terra
Chetka), Hotar (1508 Isoparlaga), Subpiatr (1552
Kwallya), Telechiu (1291-1294 villa Teluky).
Nr. de locuitori: 3.164

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: sediul

primriei, fost castel Zathureczky (sfritul sec.
XIX), biserica ortodox de lemn Sf. Gheorghe
(1714) Hotar.
Monument al naturii: petera de la Subpiatr.
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale:
obiceiuri de colindat Hotar i Subpiatr; textile
tradiionale Hotar.

Documentary testimony
1256 terra Chetka

4 echea is situated on the middle course of the

Criul Repede River, on the left bank, under
the Tadului hills, 34 km east from Oradea.

Villages around: echea (1256 terra Chetka),

Hotar (1508 Isoparlaga), Subpiatr (1552 Kwallya),
Telechiu (1291-1294 villa Teluky).
No. of inhabitans: 3.164

Historical and architectural monuments:

the Local hall, former Zathureczky castle (end
of XIX), the St. George Orthodox wooden
church (1714) Hotar.
Sightseeing: cave from Subpiatr.
Etnography and heritage: Christmas carols
Hotar i Subpiatr; traditional weaving Hotar.

Els okleveles emlts

1256 terra Chetka

Ccke kzsg a Sebes-Krs bal partjn hely-

ezkedik el, egszen a tasdi dombokig hzdva,
Nagyvradtl 34 km tvolsgra.

A kzsg falvai: Ccke (1256 terra Chetka),

Izspallaga / Hatr (1508 Isoparlaga), Kalja (1552
Kwallya), Meztelki (1291-1294 villa Teluky).
Lakosok szma: 3.164

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

A polgrmesteri hivatal plete, nhai Zathure-
czky kastly (XIX. szzad vgn), Szent Gyrgy
ortodox fatemplom (1714) Izspallagn
Ltnivalk: Kaljai barlang
Nprajzi hagyomny: Kntls s hagyomnyos
szvsek

5 6 8

7 9

1. echea - primria / The Local Hall / A

cckei polgrmesteri hivatal
2. Tabra de creaie a Facultii de Arte
Vizuale Oradea - sculptur n lemn /
Wooden sculpture / Fafarags
3. Subpiatr - biserica ortodox (1938) /
The Orthodox Church / A kaljai ortodox
templom
4. echea - fostul castel Zathureczky (XIX) /
Zathureczky Castle/ A cckei Zathureczky-
kastly
5. Telechiu - biserica reformat (1790) / The
Reformed Church / meztelki reformtus
templom
6. echea - biserica ortodox / The Orthodox
Church / A cckei ortodox templom
7. echea vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Ccke madrtvlatbl
8. Hotar biserica ortodox de lemn (1714)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church / A hatri
ortodox fatemplom
9. Monumentul eroilor la echea / Heroes
Monument / A cckei hsk emlkmve
161
Uileacu de Beiu
Belnyesjlak

Atestare documentar
1332 sacerdos de villa Vyloko

Comuna Uileacu de Beiu este aezat n lun-

ca Criului Negru, la est de defileul pitoresc al
aceluiai ru. Comuna este situat n partea
de sud a judeului Bihor la 82 km de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Uileacu de Beiu, Foru

(1522 Toplyteza), Prisaca (1580 Giapiupataka),
Vlanii de Beiu (1828 Valny, Volny)
Nr. de locuitori: 2.483

Documentary testimony
1332 sacerdos de villa Vyloko

Uileacu de Beiu lies in the Criul Negru va-

lley, to the east of the beautiful gorge of the
river. The village is 82 km far from Oradea, in 1
the south of the county.

Villages around: Uileacu de Beiu, Foru (1522

Toplyteza), Prisaca (1580 Giapiupataka), Vlanii de
Beiu (1828 Valny, Volny)
No. of inhabitans: 2.483

Els okleveles emlts

1332 sacerdos de villa Vyloko

Belnyesjlak a Fekete-Krs mentn hzd

telepls, a foly szurdoktl keletre. A
kzsg a megye dli rszn fekszik, 82 km-re
Vradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Belnyesjlak, Belnyesforr

(1522 Toplyteza), Gyeppataka (1580 Giapiupa-
taka), Vlanii de Beiu (1828 Valny, Volny)
Lakosok szma: 2.483

1. Uileacu de Beiu - vedere aerian / Aerial

view / belnyesjlaki lgi felvtel 5
2. Uileacu de Beiu - tabr de creaie /
Creative camp / belnyesjlaki kzmves
tbor 6
3. Uileacu de Beiu - ferm de strui / Os-
trich farm / belnyesjlaki struccfarm
4. Foru biserica ortodox (1882) / The
Orthodox Church / A belnyesforri
ortodox templom
5. Vlanii de Beiu - biserica ortodox /
The Orthodox Church / A valnyi ortodox
templom
6. Foru - n drum spre cas / on their way
to home / Belnyesforr - hazafel

162
 Vadu Criului
Krsrv

www.vadu-crisului.ro

Atestare documentar
1256 tributum in portu Crysy
ComunaVaduCriuluiseaflasezatnparteaesti-
c a judeului Bihor, pe calea ferat Oradea - Cluj-
Napoca i pe oseaua E60 (DN1) Oradea - Cluj-
Napoca, la o distan de 50 km fa de Oradea i
la 100 km. fa de Cluj-Napoca. Localitatea este
situat la ieirea Criului Repede dintr-un sector
ngust de chei (defileu).

Localiti componente: Vadu Criului (1256 tribu-

tum in portu Crysy), Birtin (1213 villa Bercen),
Tomnatic (1954), Topa de Cri (1406 poss. Volaha-
lis Topazhaza).
Nr. de locuitori: 4.394
Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: turn medi-
eval de la Portus Crisy Vama Srii sau Casa
1 Zmului (sec. XIII-XVI) Vadu Criului, biserica
ortodox Sf. Arhangheli Mihail i Gavriil (1790)
Vadu Criului.
Monumente ale naturii: defileul Criului Repede i
petera Vadu Criului (rezervaie mixt), peterile
Birtinului sau petera Caprei, petera din Hrtopul
fr Fund, petera Roie
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: festivalul
2 folcloric Trgul de la Vama Srii meteri olari
(ceramic alb), formaie de dansuri populare i
obiceiuri de colindat Vadu Criului.

Documentary testimony
1256 tributum in portu Crysy
Vadu Criului is situated in Eastern Bihor,
along the Oradea - Cluj-Napoca railway and the
E60 (DN1) Oradea - Cluj-Napoca road at 50 km
far from Oradea and 100 km from Cluj-Napoca.
3 The village is next to the opening of the Criul
Repede river.
Villages around: Vadu Criului, Birtin (1213 villa
Bercen), Tomnatic (1954), Topa de Cri (1406 poss.
Volahalis Topazhaza).
No. of inhabitans: 4.394
Historical and architecture monuments: medi-
eval tower from Portus Crisy Vama Srii or
Casa Zmului ( XIII-XVI) Vadu Criului, the Or-
thodox Church (1790) Vadu Criului.
Sightseeing: Criul Repede gorge and Vadu
Criului cave (mixed reservations), many caves:
Birtinului Hrtopul, Roie
Etnography and heritage: folklor festival Vama
Srii fair pottery (white ceramics), popular danc-
es and Christmas singing Vadu Criului.

4
Els okleveles emlts
1256 tributum in portu Crysy
5 Krsrv a megye keleti rszn tallhat, a
Nagyvrad-Kolozsvr vastvonal mentn, az
E60-as fton, Vradtl 50 km-re, s 100 km-
re Kolozsvrtl. A telepls a Sebes-Krsnek
a szorost elhagy kitrsnl fekszik. A sa-
jtos domborzati s fldtani kpzdmnyek
meghatroz jelleget adnak a rvi medence
dlkeleti ,,blszer rsznek a Rz-
hegysg s Kirlyhg kztt.
A kzsg falvai: Krsrv, Bertny (1213 villa
Bercen), Tomnatek (1954), Krstopa (1406 poss.
Volahalis Topaza).
Lakosok szma: 4.394
Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge: Portus Crisy
kzpkori torony Svm vagy Tndrvr (XIII-XVI.
szzad), Arkangyal ortodox templom (1790)
Ltnivalk: Sebes-Krs szoros s Zchy barlang
(vegyes rezervtum), barlangok: Bertny, Kecske,
Rosia szemkzt a Pestera menedkhzzal (nem
mkd)
Nprajzi hagyomny: Svmi vsr jnius els
vasrnapjn, fazekassg (fehr kermia), nptnc
6 s kntls

1. Vadu Criului - vedere aerian / Aerial

7 8 view / Rv madrtvlatbl
2. n memoria olarilor din Vadu Criului /
In memoriam of the potters from Vadu
Criului / A rvi fazekasok emlkre
3. Olrit n Vadu Criului / Potter from Vadu
Criului / rvi fazekas asszony
4. Casa n care a locuit Karl Handl, descoperi-
torul peterii Vadu Criului (1903)/ In this
house lives Karl Handl, the discover of the
Vadu Criului cave (1903) / Ebben a hzban
lakott Karl Handl, a rvi barlang felfedezje
5. Birtin - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Bertnyi madrtvlatbl
6. Biserica ortodox Vadu Criului (1790)/ The
Orthodox Church / A rvi ortodox templom
7. Tomnatic - peisaj / Landscape/ tomnateki
ltkp
8. Topa de Cri - Monumentul comemorativ al
celor mori cu ocazia construirii cii ferate
Oradea-Cluj (1870)/ Memorial of the dead
at the construction of the railway
Oradea-Cluj A Nagyvrad-Kolozsvr 163
vast ptsnek halotjainak
emlkre
Vrciorog
Vrcsorog
www.varciorog.ro

Atestare documentar
1492 Verchelogh

Comuna Vrciorog este aezat n Munii Pdurea

Craiului, la 35 km sudest de Oradea.

Localiti componente: Vrciorog, Fca (1274),

erghi (1438 poss. wolachalis Serges), Surducel
(1954 ctun al satului Vrciorog).
Nr. de locuitori: 2.358

Monumente istorice i de arhitectur: biserica

ortodox de lemn Sf. Arhangheli Mihail i Ga-
vriil (1759) Fca; biserica ortodox de lemn Sf.
Arhangheli Mihail i Gavriil (1742) Vrciorog.
Elemente peisagistice: petera Osoiu (rezervaie 2
speo-carstic).
Manifestri etnografice tradiionale: obiceiuri de
colindat Vrciorog.

1
Documentary testimony
1492 Verchelogh

Vrciorog is in the Pdurea Craiului Moun-

tains, 35 km south-east from Oradea.

Villages around: Vrciorog, Fca (1274), erghi

(1438 poss. wolachalis Serges), Surducel (1954
den of Vrciorog).
No. of inhabitans: 2.358

Historical and architecture monuments:

The Orthodox Wooden Church (1759) Fca;
The Orthodox Wooden Church (1742) Vr-
ciorog.
Sightseeing: Osoiu cave (speo-carstic reserva-
tion).
Etnography and heritage: Christmas carols
Vrciorog.

Els okleveles emlts

1492 Verchelogh

Vrcsorog kzsg a Kirlyhg lbnl fekszik,

35 km-re keletre Nagyvradtl.

A kzsg falvai: Vrcsorog, Vrfancsika (1274),

Serges (1438 poss. wolachalis Serges), Kisszurdok
(1954 Vrcsorogi tanya).
Lakosok szma: 2.358

Trtnelmi s ptszeti rksge:

Fatemplom (1759) Vrfancsikn s Vrcsoro-
gon (1742)
Szp tjak: Oszvai barlang (karsztikus barlang-
rezervtum)
Nprajzi hagyomny: kntls

3 4

5 6

1. Apus de soare / Sunset / Naplemente

2. erghi - vedere / Landscape / sergesi
ltkp
3. Fca - biserica ortodox de lemn (1759)/
The Orthodox Wooden Church/ A vrfan- 7
csikai ortodox fatemplom
4. Vrciorog - crucea luminat / Cross from
Vrciorog / A vrcsorogi kereszt
5. Vrciorog - biserica ortodox de lemn
(1742) / The Orthodox Wooden Church/ A
vrcsorogi ortodox fatemplom
6. Fca - de la cmp / People from Fca /
vrfancsikai lakosok
7. Recolt / Harvest / Gazdag terms

164
 Viioara
rszlls
http://primariaviisoarabh.ro

Atestare documentar
1355 Pachal

Comuna Viioara se afl la 67 km nordest

de Oradea i se ntinde la 10 km de Marghita,
putnd fi accesat pe DJ 191 Marghita Tnad.
1 2
Localiti componente: Viioara (1355 Pachal),
Izvoarele (1850 Kis Paczalusa), Pdureni (Satul
de Necaz, ctun al satului Pgaia), Reghea (1797,
1815 Csekenye).
Nr. de locuitori: 1.370

Monumente de arhitectur:
Case tradiionale rneti.

Documentary testimony
1355 Pachal

Viioara lies 10 km far from Marghita, one

3 can reach it by the DJ 191 Marghita Tnad
county road. The village is 67 km north-east
from Oradea.

Villages around: Viioara, Izvoarele (1850 Kis Pac-

zalusa), Pdureni (Satul de Necaz, den of Pgaia),
Reghea (1797, 1815 Csekenye).
No. of inhabitans: 1.370

Etnography and heritage:

traditional peasant houses .

Els okleveles emlts

1355 Pachal

rszlls 10 km-re fekszik Margitttl, Vradtl

67 km-re szakkeletre, a DJ 191 MargittaTas-
4 5 nd megyei ton kzelthet meg.

A kzsg falvai: rszlls, Szolnokhza (1850 Kis

Paczalusa), Erdtelep (Satul de Necaz, sztati
tanya), Csekenye (1797, 1815 Csekenye).
Lakosok szma: 1.370

Nprajzi hagyomny: paraszthzak

1. Pdureni - singura femeie dintr-un sat

locuit numai de dou persoane (2008) /
The only one woman from Pdureni (in
the willage lives only two persons) / Az
egyetlen erdtelepi asszony (a faluban
csak ketten lnek)
7 2. Viioara - vedere din sat/ Landscape /
rszllsi ltkp
3. Reghea - vedere aerian / Landscape /
csekenyei ltkp
4. Viioara cas tradiional rneasc/
Traditional peasant house / rszllsi
paraszthz
5. Pdureni - cas tradiional / Traditional
house / erdtelepi paraszthz
6. Izvoarele - biserica reformat / The
Reformed Church / A szolnokhzi re-
formtus templom
7. Reghea - biserica ortodox (1923) / The
Orthodox Church / A csekenyei ortodox
templom
8. Izvoarele - biserica ortodox (1911) /
The Orthodox Church / A szolnokhzai
ortodox templom

165
TURISM

TOURISM
T U R I Z M U S
 Judeul Bihor este situat n nord-vestul Romniei, fiind strbtut de paralela de 470 latitudine nordic, respectiv
meridianul de 220 longitudine estic. Se nvecineaz cu judeele Satu-Mare, la nord, Slaj, Cluj i Alba, la est, Arad, la
sud i cu Ungaria, la vest, ceea ce-i asigur o poziie strategic important. Extinzndu-se pe o suprafa de 7.544 km2
(3,2% din teritoriul rii), ocup poziia a asea n ierarhia judeelor potrivit acestui criteriu.
Din cei 596.951* de locuitori ai judeului, 50,4% triesc n mediul urban: municipiile Oradea (reedina judeului
care are 206.235* locuitori), Salonta, Beiu, Marghita i oraele Aled, tei, Nucet, Valea lui Mihai, Vacu i Scueni.
Cele 91 de comune cu 429 de sate componente concentreaz 49,6% din locuitorii judeului.
Specific este faptul c, pe un spaiu relativ restrns, se realizeaz o succesiune clasic de peisaje variate i atracti-
ve - de cmpie, de deal i de munte - orientate dinspre vest spre est i desfurate de la altitudinea de 90 m, n Cmpia
joas a Criurilor, pn la 1849 m, altitudinea maxim din Munii Bihor-Vldeasa.
Datorit complexitii structurii geologice s-a constituit o mare varietate a resurselor subsolului. Se remarc nde-
osebi rezervele de bauxit din Munii Pdurea Craiului, rocile de construcie (calcare, argil refractar, marmur .a.),
apele minerale (Stna de Vale, Tinca) i cele geotermale (Bile Felix, Bile 1 Mai), minereurile complexe i rezervele
de lignit.
Clima.Teritoriul judeului se afl sub influena circulaiei vestice ce transport mase de aer oceanic, umede. Eta-
jarea reliefului si particularitile locale ale suprafeei active determin existena unor diferenieri sensibile ale climei
temperat-continentale moderate. Media anual a temperaturii aerului prezint valori cuprinse ntre 10-110C n zona
de cmpie, 7-100C n zona dealurilor i a munilor joi, respectiv 2-70C n aria montan propriu-zis. Cantitile medii
anuale de precipitaii cresc dinspre vest, din zona de cmpie (600-650 mm/an), spre est, n treapta montan (1.000-1.400
mm/an).
Hidrografia. Rurile aparin bazinului hidrografic al Criurilor: Barcul (68 km pe teritoriul judeu-
lui), Criul Repede (101 km pe teritoriul judeului), Criul Negru (136 km pe teritoriul judeului), Ierul, respec-
tiv afluenii acestora. Din a doua jumtate a secolului al XIX-lea a nceput amenajarea reelei hidrografice
pentru a limita amploarea inundaiilor i pentru a deseca zonele joase cu exces de umiditate, prin crearea de nu-
meroase canale printre care i Canalul Colector ce leag Criul Repede de Criul Negru. Lacul erpilor i Lacul
cu Stuf de lng Salonta sunt cele mai nsemnate lacuri naturale iar dintre lacurile antropice se remarc cele de
baraj (Lacul Leu, de pe valea Iadei, fiind cel mai important) i heleteele din zona de cmpie. Cele mai mari he-
letee sunt cele amenajate n scop piscicol: Cefa (598 ha), Tmada (200 ha), Homorog (95 ha) i Inand (30 ha).
Vegetaia natural este reprezentat de formaiunile silvostepei specifice zonei de cmpie (pajiti n alternan cu
plcuri de stejar) i zona de pdure.
Etajul pdurilor de foioase, extins pn la 1.000 m, este alctuit din pduri de stejar pedunculat (Quercus robur), de
cer (Quercus cerris) cu gorun (Quercus petraea), de gorun cu carpen, (Carpinus betulus), ulm, (Ulmus foliacea), frasin,
(Fraxinus excelsior), pduri de fag (Fagus sylvatica) cu carpen i pduri de fag. Pdurile de fag cu molid (Picea excelsa)
fac trecerea spre etajul coniferelor (1.000-1.600 m), alctuit din pduri de molid i molid n amestec cu brad (Abies alba)
i lari (Larix decidua). La peste 1.600 m se desfoar asociaiile vegetale subalpine.
n proximitatea apelor se dezvolt vegetaia de lunc, cu zvoaie de plop (Populus alba, nigra), slcii (Salix alba,
Salix fragilis) i pajiti.
Numeroase specii de plante valoroase sunt ocrotite: nufrul termal (Nymphaea lotus thermalis), liliacul carpatin
(Syringa josikaea), ghinura punctat (Gentiana punctata), narcisa slbatic (Narcissus angustifolius) oiele (Anemone
narcissiflora), crinul de pdure (Lilium martagon) .a.
Fauna bogat cuprinde numeroase specii de interes cinegetic: cerbul (Cervus elaphus), ursul (Ursus arctos), mis-
treul (Sus scrofa), cpriorul (Capreolus capreolus), iepurele (Lepus europaeus), fazanul (Phasianus colchicus) etc. Ape-
le de munte sunt excelente domenii de pescuit populate cu pstrv indigen (Salmo trutta fario), pstrv curcubeu (Sal-
mo irideus), zglvoac (Cattus gobio) i lipan (Thymallus thymallus). n apele de deal sunt specifici lipanul (Thymallus
thimallus), cleanul (Leuciscus cephalus) mreana (Barbus barbus) i scobarul (Chondros-toma nasus) iar n cele de es,
crapul (Cyprinus carpio) i bibanul (Perca fluviatilis), etc.
Arii protejate. Cele 64 de rezervaii naturale i monumente ale naturii plaseaz judeului Bihor pe locul al doi-
lea n ar: o rezervaie natural geologic si geomorfologic, una speologic, 3 monumente naturale geologice si
geomorfologice, 20 de monumente naturale speologice, 13 rezervaii naturale botanice, 16 rezervaii naturale mixte,
8 rezervaii naturale paleontologice i dou rezervaii naturale zoologice. Cele mai multe sunt concentrate n Parcul
Natural Apuseni.

Bihor county is situated in the north-western part of Romania, being crossed by the 47th parallel of north latitude and
the 22th meridian of east longitude. It neighbours Satu-Mare county in the north, Salaj, Cluj and Alba counties in the east,
Arad county in the south and Hungary in the west. With a surface of 7,544 km2 (3.2% of the total surface of the country),
Bihor is the sixth largest county in the country.
Out of the 596,951* inhabitants of the county, 50.4% of them live in towns: Oradea (the administrative town of the
county with 206,235* inhabitants), Salonta, Beiu, Marghita, Aled, tei, Nucet, Valea lui Mihai, Vacu, Scueni, 91 com-
munes, 429 villages.
An essential feature of the county is the classical succession of diverse and attractive landscape on a relatively limited
surface: plains, hills, mountains, orientated from west to east, from 90 m altitude, in Cmpia Criurilor, to 1.849m altitude
in Bihor-Vldeasa Mountains.
Due to its geologically structural complexity there has been a great variety of soil resources composed. The most
important to mention here is bauxite in Munii Pdurea Craiului, construction rocks (limestone, clay, marble, etc), mineral
waters (Stna de Vale, Tinca) and those thermal (Bile Felix, Bile 1 Mai), complex minerals and resources of brown coal.
Climate. The territory of the county is under the influence of the Western circulations, which transports oceanic, wet
air. The terracing of the relief and local surf climate. The county lies under the influence of the Western Winds that carry
wet, oceanic air masses. The terracing relief and local particularities of the active surface lead to differences in the tem-
perate continental climate. The average annual temperature of the air varies from 10-11C in the plains (10.4C in Oradea)
to 7-10C in the hills and lower mountains and 2-7C in the higher mountains. The highest temperature of +40C was
registered on 21.08.2000, and the thermal minimum of -29.2C on 24.01.1942. The average annual precipitation increases
from west, from the plain area (600-650 mm/year) towards east in the hilly zone, (700-1000 mm/year) and in the mountains
(1000-1400 mm/year). The most frequent winds are from the South, followed by the Western ones and then the Northern
Winds. Precipitation quantity average grows from West from the area of fileds (600-650 mm/ year) to the East, towards the
mountain areas (1000-1400 mm/year).
Hydrography. The rivers belong to the hydrographic basin of the Cris rivers: Barcu (68 km on the territory of
the county), Criul Repede (101 km on the territory of the county), Criul Negru (136 km on the territory of the coun-
ty), Ierul and their tributary streams. Since the second half of the 19th century the authorities have started the con-
struction of the hydrographic net in order to reduce floods and to dry up the lower areas by building numerous chan-
nels, such as the Collector Channel which connects the Criul Repede to the Criul Negru. There are very few natural
lakes. Most important are the Snake Lake (Lacul erpilor) and the Reedy Lake (Lacul cu Stuf) near Salonta. There
are anthropic lakes, like the ones behind a dam (the most important is the Lesu Lake on the Iad river) and the fish-
ponds from the lowlands. The biggest fisheries are at Cefa (598 ha), Tmada (200 ha), Homorog (95 ha), Inand (30 ha).
Vegetation is represented by the sylvan-steppe, specific to this lowland area (a mixture of dry, green grass and oak
bushes on a flat surface) which is mostly covered at this moment by agricultural parcels, secondary meadows, acacia and
deciduous plantations. At the level of deciduous forests, which lies up to 1.000 m height, we find different kinds of oak,
pedunculate oak (Quercus robur), Turkey oak (Quercus cerris), evergreen oak (Quercus petraea), hornbeam (Carpinus
betulus), elm (Ulmus foliacea), ashtree (Fraxinus excelsior), beechtree (Fagus sylvatica). The beech forests, mixed with
spruce fir (Picea excelsa) make the transition to the coniferous level (1.000-1.600 m). We find here sruce firs, fir trees (Abies
alba) and larch trees (Larix decidua).
The transitory vegetation (intra-zonal and a-zonal) is represented by downhill plants and poplars (Populus alba, nigra),
white and osier willows (Salix alba, Salix fragilis) and meadows, salt soil vegetation (both wet and sandy terrain). Numerous
plant species are precious and protected: thermal water lilies (Nymphaea lotus var. Thermalis), Carpathian ivy (Syringa
josikaea), and others as Gentiana punctata, Narcissus angustifolius, Anemone narcissiflora, Lilium martagon etc.
The rich fauna consists of numerous species with hunting interest: the horndeer (Cervus elaphus), the bear (Ursus
arctos), the wildboar (Sus scrofa), the deer (Capreolus capreolus), the hare (Lepus europaeus), the pheasant (Phasianus
colchicus) a.o. The mountain rivers are excellent fishing places, populated by trout species (Salmo trutta fario, Salmo iri-
deus) and other fish: the millers thumb (Cattus gobio) and the grayling (Thymallus thymallus).
The waters of the hilly region are populated by specific fish: the grayling (Thymallus thimallus), the barbel (Barbus
barbus), the broad snout (Chondrostoma nasus), and the dace (Leuciscus cephalus). The waters from the plain region are
populated by the carp (Cyprinus carpio), the perch (Perca fluviatilis) etc.
The soils of the county are very diverse; in the flat fields the cernozium are dominant, but locally there are sandy soils,
alluvium soils, salty soils etc. In the hilly regions we will widely find brown and white soils (luvisoil), and up in the mountains
cambisoil and spodisoil is represented in extended areas.
Protected areas. Bihor county holds 64 natural reservations and natural monuments, being at the second place in
the country: a geological and geomorphologic reservation, a speological one, three geological and geomorphologic natu-
ral monuments, 20 speological natural monuments, 13 botanical natural reservations, 16 mixed natural reservations, 8
paleonthological natural reservations, two zoological natural reservations. Most of them are concentrated in the Apuseni
Natural Park, which is mainly part of the Batrana Canyon from the Bihor-Vldeasa Mountains. The park is meant to protect
and conserve the greatest natural and cultural value from the Apuseni Mountains.

Bihar megye Romnia szaknyugati rszn fekszik, a 470-es szaki hosszsgi s a 220-as keleti szlessgi kr
keresztezsnl. szaki szomszdja Szatmr megye, keleten Szilgy-, Kolozs- s Fehr megye, dlen Arad megye ha-
trolja, nyugati oldala pedig Magyarorszggal hatros, mely fontos stratgiai pozcit biztost szmra. Terlete 7.544 km2
(az orszg 3,2%-a), mellyel a megyk terleti rangsorban a hatodik helyet foglalja el.
A megye 596.951* lakosa kzl 50,4% l vroson: Nagyvradon, a megyeszkhelyen (206.295* lakos), Szalontn, Bel-
nyesben, Margittn, lesden, Vaskohsziklson, Dison, Mihlyfalvn, Vaskoh s Szkelyhd vrosokban. A vidki lakosok
arnya 49,6%, mely 91 kzsgben s 429 faluban oszlik el.
A megye kis terletn a klnbz domborzati formk klasszikusan vltjk egymst sksg, dombvidk, hegyvidk -
nyugatrl keletre, 90 m-tl (Krs-sksg) 1.849 m-ig (Bihar-Vldeasa hegyek).
A trsg komplex fldtani szerkezetnek ksznheten vltozatosan gazdag talajkincsekben. Emltsre mltak a
kirlyerdi bauxit tartalkok, az ptkezsben hasznlatos kzetek (mszk, agyag, mrvny, stb.), az svnyvizek (Bihar-
fred, Tenke) s a termlvizek (Flixfrd, Mjus 1-frd), valamint a komplex svnyok s a lignit tartalkok.
ghajlat. A megye terletileg a nyugati ramlatok hatskrbe tartozik, melyek ceni, nedves levegtmegeket
szlltanak. A domborzat rtegzdse s a helyi aktv felszn jellegzetessgei enyhe klnbsgeket eredmnyeznek a mr-
skelt-szrazfldi ghajlatban. A hmrsklet ves tlagrtke 10-11C a sksgi vezetben, 7-10C a dombvidken s az
alacsonyabb hegyvidken, illetve 2-7C a magasabb hegyvidken. A csapadk ves tlagrtke a nyugati sksgi vezettl
(600-650mm/v), a keleti hegyvidkig (1.000-1.400mm/v) fokozatosan n.
Vzhlzat. A folyk, a Krsk vzgyjt medencjhez tartoznak: a Beretty (68 km a megye terletn), a Sebes-
Krs (101 km a megye terletn), a Fekete-Krs (136 km a megye terletn) s a Szrazr, valamint ezek mellkfolyi. A
XIX. szzad msodik feltl elkezdtk a vzhlzat rendbettelt, az rvizek megfkezse rdekben, valamint az alacsony
fekvs, vzfelesleggel kszkd terletek lecsapolst, melyet szmos csatorna kiptsvel oldottak meg. Ilyen a Krs-
csatorna is, mely a Sebes- s a Fekete-Krst kti ssze. A megye legjelentsebb termszetes llvizei a Szalonta melletti
Kgyk-tava s Ndas-t, a mestersgesek kzl ilyenek a Jd vlgyben lev Lesi-t, s a sksgi vezetben tallhat
halastavak. A legnagyobb halastavak krnykn Csffa (598 ha), Tamshida (200 ha), Olhhomorog (95 ha) s Innd (30 ha)
a halszat jellegzetes tevkenysg.
Az erdk lemezes rtegzdst (1.000m-ig) kocsnyos tlgy- (Quercus robur), cser- (Quercus cerris), gyer-
tyn- (Carpinus betulus), szilfa- (Ulmus foliacea), magas kris- (Fraxinus excelsior), bkk- (Fagus sylvatica) erdk
alkotjk. Lucfenyves bkkerdk (Picea excelsa) vezetnek a tlevelek vezetbe (1.000-1.600 m), melyek luc- s
erdei fenyvesekbl (Abies alba) valamint vrsfenykbl llnak. 1.600 m. felett a nvnyzet alpesi jelleget lt.
A vizek kzelben a lanks nvnyzet jellemz nyrfkkal (Populus alba, nigra), akcokkal (Salix alba, Salix fragilis)
s pzsitf-flkkel.
Szmos rtkes nvny vdettsget lvez: a terml tndrrzsa (Nymphaea lotus thermalis), a krpti orgona (Sy-
ringa josikaea), a pttys ttika (Gentiana punctata), a vadnrcisz (Narcissus angustifolius), a juhocska (Anemone narcis-
siflora), az erdei liliom (Lilium martagon), stb.
Gazdag llatvilga szmos, vadszati szempontbl is rtkes fajt tartalmaz: szarvas (Cervus elaphus), medve (Ursus
arctos), vaddiszn (Sus scrofa), zbak (Capreolus capreolus), nyl (Lepus europaeus), fcn (Phasianus colchicus) stb.
A hegyvizek kitn halszati lehetsget biztostanak, shonos pisztrnggal (Salmo trutta fario), szivrvny pisztrnggal
(Salmo irideus), s prhallal (Thymallus thymallus) npestettek. A dombvidki vizekre jellemz a prhal (Thymallus thi-
mallus), a domolyk (Leuciscus cephalus), a mrna (Barbus barbus) s a paduc (Chondros-toma nasus), a sksgi vezetre
pedig a ponty (Cyprinus carpio) s a sgr (Perca fluviatilis).
Vdett terletek. A 64 termszeti rezervtum, mely Bihar megyt orszgos szinten a msodik helyre jogostja, a
kvetkezkppen oszlik meg: egy fldtani s fldszerkezettani termszetes rezervtum, 20 termszetes barlang, 13 ter-
mszetes nvnytani rezervtum, 16 termszetes vegyes rezervtum, 8 termszetes slnytani rezervtum s kt term-
szetes llattani rezervtum. A legtbb rezervtum a Nyugati Szigethegysg nemzeti parkjban tallhat.

* www.recensamantromania.ro
 Potenial turistic

Treapta montan deine un potenial turis-

tic de excepie. Pitorescul zonei datoreaz
mult alternanei reliefului domol (culmi largi, rotunjite,
prelungi, nsorite i uor accesibile) cu formele carstice
spectaculoase (abrupturi calcaroase, martori structurali,
creste, chei, peteri, polii etc.). Particularitile reliefului
favorizeaz un turism montan legat mai mult de odihn
i de staionare, dar n multe areale se preteaz i celui
de ascensiune. Predomin turismul recreativ (drumeiile
montane, speoturismul, sporturile de iarn, vntoarea,
pescuitul etc.), turismul curativ i cel cultural. Se practic
tot mai mult rafting pe sectoare de pe Criul Repede,
Criul Negru i cel Pietros, escalada (pe sectoare din Defi-
leul Criului Repede i din zona Aleu-Bohodei), canyoning
(pe Valea Galbena i Valea Seac), speoturism (n Padi-
Cetile Ponorului, Defileul Criului Repede, Cheile Albio-
arei Valea Videi, Valea Iadei) i parapanta (n zonele Roia,
Padis, Stna de Vale).
Atractivitatea reliefului este completat benefic de
alte premise importante de ordin natural: clima favorabil
sporturilor de iarn (cantitatea mare de zpad, i
persistena mare a stratului de zpad) la Stna de Vale
i la Vrtop, izvoarele termale i minerale, izbucurile, nu-
meroasele lacuri i cascade, pdurile cu animale de in-
teres cinegetic, rurile nepoluate i fondul piscicol bogat
n specii.
Pdurile, fneele ntinse si gospodriile tradiionale
dau o not particular zonei, favoriznd dezvoltarea tur-
ismului rural. Pensiunile turistice rurale sunt concentrate
ndeosebi n Depresiunea Beiuului, Bazinul Criului Re-
pede i Valea Iadei. Mai cutate sunt cele agroturistice de-
oarece produsul lor turistic reflect trsturile caracteris-
tice ale gospodriei rneti (produse proprii, specialiti
regionale, animale mici i pentru traciune, contact per-
sonal cu gazda i atmosfer tipic gospodriei rneti).
Prin prisma atractivitii turistice, cea mai mare no-
torietate o are, incontestabil, subunitatea Btrna (Bihorul
central sau Padiul) a Munilor Bihor-Vldeasa, creia i se
suprapune, n linii generale, Parcul Natural Apuseni, care
e destinat proteciei i conservrii acestei zone de maxim
valoare peisagistic i cultural din Munii Apuseni.
Una dintre cele mai importante zone turistice, Padiul,
include mai multe subuniti: Platoul carstic Padi (n-
tre 1250-1280m, cu numeroase lapiezuri, doline, uvale,
sorburi, exurgene etc.); Poiana Ponor (o polie tipic n
care reapar, printr-un izbuc puternic, apele pierdute n
Padi i apoi dispar, dup un parcurs de circa 300m din
nou, printr-un un sistem de sorburi, care la ape mari nu
dreneaz dect o parte din ape, cealalt parte acumuln-
du-se ntr-un minunat lac temporar); Lumea Pierdut (un
platou mpdurit cu conifere n care se gsesc multe avene,
peteri, doline, izbucuri i sorburi); Cetile Ponorului (una
dintre cele mai spectaculoase formaiuni carstice din ar,
alctuit din trei avene adnci aflate ntr-o depresiune cu
un diametru de 1 km i adncimea de 300 m, mpdurit,
cu perei foarte abrupi i un curs de ap cu mai multe
sectoare subterane); Izbucul i Cheile Galbenei (slbatice, 2
avnd versani abrupi, numeroase peteri i cascade);
la obria afluentului Valea Seac, se afl rezervaia
geologic i geomorfologic Groapa Ruginoas, a crei 1 3
structur rocat de ravene impresionante o face deose-

1. Petera Micula - cascad / Micula cave / Vz-

ess a Micula-barlangban
2. Petera Cmpeneasca / Campeneasca cave /
Jkai vznyelbarlang
3. Petera Piolca din Valea Sighitelului /
Pisolca Cave / Pisolca-barlang
4. Pestera cu Cristale de pe Valea Iadului/ The
Crystal Cave from Iadului Valley / A jd vlgyi
kristly barlang
5. Petera Farcu/ The Farcu cave / A Farcu
barlang
6. Petera Ciur Izbuc/ The Ciur Izbuc cave / A Ciur
Izbuc barlang
7. Ghearul Focul Viu / The Alive Fire / Az
Eszkim-jgbarlang
8. Cetile Ponorului / The fortresses of Ponor / A
Csodavr
170
 7

6
 Potenial turistic

bit de spectaculoas; Groapa de la Barsa este

un bazin nchis cu numeroase i variate forme
carstice, (Petera Ghearul de la Barsa, Petera Neagr,
Petera Zpodie), declarat rezervaie natural mixt. La
extremitatea sa sudic se afl petera Ghearul Focul Viu,
monument natural de interes naional, renumit pentru
ghearul subteran.
Zona Valea Sighitelului-Valea Criasa prezint in-
teres turistic mai ales pentru prezena reliefului carstic
complex (doline, peteri, vi cu versani abrupi, izbu-
curi). Dintre numeroasele peteri, Petera Mgura se
dataeaz datorit peisajul subteran unic. Spectaculoase-
le Chei ale Sighitelului ocup aprope n ntregime valea.
Urmare a valorii peisagistice deosebite, Valea Sighistelului
a fost declarat rezervaie natural mixt. Petera Urilor
de la Chicu, aflat la limita vestic a munilor, a fost
transformat n obiectiv turistic de marc odat cu ame-
najarea ei. Turitii sunt atrai de frumuseea i bogia
stalactitelor, stalagmitelor i de resturile fosile ale ursului
de cavern (Ursus spelaeus).
n zona defileului Someului Cald, aflat n extremitatea
nordic, la limita cu Munii Vldeasa, se gsesc Cheile
Someului Cald, considerate printre cele mai slbatice
din Munii Apuseni i una din cele mai interesante forme
carstice, petera Cetatea Rdesei, declarat rezervaie
natural mixt.
Munii Vldeasa sau Bihorul nordic se remarc
prin forme de relief greoaie datorit predominanei rocilor 1
dure, magmatice, avnd culmile largi i relativ netede ce
se preteaz drumeiilor, vi adnci, cu versani abrupi,
favorabile escaladelor, cascadele numeroase, lacuri de
acumulare i izbucuri (Toplia-Remei, izbucul Ciuhandru- 2
lui, izbucurile din Valea Draica etc.) n sectoarele cu relief
carstic.
La limita Munilor Vldeasa cu Munii Pdurea
Craiului se desfoar zona turistic Valea Iadei - Stna de
Vale, o zon turistic consacrat, ce se remarc printr-o
alternan a sectoarelor slbatice de defileu cu sectoare
de lrgire. Existena structurilor calcaroase, pe anumite
areale, explic prezena peterilor ce se detaeaz prin
bogia speleotemelor. Cele mai importante peteri sunt
amenajate datorit potenialului turistic i poziiei favora-
bile: Petera cu ap de la Bulz, Petera cu Ap din Valea
Leului .a. Abrupturile favorabile escaladelor (Creasta
Frunii - a crei culme beneficiaz de un excelent punct
de belvedere, cu o panoram larg asupra satului Remei,
Creasta Cicondului, abrupturile din cheile afluenilor
Iadului-Ieduul etc.), cascadele spectaculoase (Iadolina,
Sritoarea Ieduului i Vlul Miresei) i lacurile de acu-
mulare Leu, Munteni i Bulz ntregesc oferta turistic a
zonei. Atraciile turistice sunt completate benefic de fru-
mosul liliac transilvan (Syringa josikaea), specie arbustiv
endemic ce nflorete primvara. Arealul ocupat de aces-
ta n bazinul Vii Iadei a fost declarat rezervaie natural.
Depresiunea Stna de Vale, situat pe cursul supe-
rior al Iadei mpreun cu staiunea pe care o adpostete,
dominat de masive muntoase nalte cu pduri de molid
i fag, reprezint un nod turistic important al Munilor
Apuseni. Staiunea balneoclimateric, cu vatra situat la
altitudinea de 1100 m, are un bioclimat favorabil, tonic,
ozonificare deosebit i ape oligominerale i feruginoase

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Petera Urilor / The bears cave

/ Medve barlang

172
 4

5
 Potenial turistic

valorificate n cadrul unor cure pentru afeciuni

endocrinologice, respiratorii, nevroze astenice,
surmenaj, convalescen .a. Staiunea atrage numeroi
turiti i datorit amenajrilor existente pentru practica-
rea sporturilor de iarn.
Zona Aleului, aflat n sud-vestul Munilor Vldeasa,
sub Masivul Crligai, este inclus n Parcul Natural
Apuseni. Aceasta se remarc prin numeroase abrupturi
spectaculoase pe care s-au format cascade pitoreti (Cas-
cada Bohodeiului) i printr-un climat de adpost. Relieful
abrupt favorizeaz practicarea escaladelor. Pe versantul
sudic al Masivului Crligai se afla o rezervaie botanic ce
ocrotete flora endemic dacic cu oie (Anemone narcis-
siflora).
Masivul Biharia sau Bihorul sudic, cu altitudinile
cele mai mari (1849 m n vrful Cucurbta Mare), este
alctuit mai ales din isturi cristaline ce au conservat, pe
alocuri, urmele modelrii glaciare cuaternare i a celei ni-
vale. Zona Cucurbta Mare-Piatra Gritoare ofer cea mai
ampl perspectiv a Munilor Apuseni. Se detaeaz prin
masivitatea reliefului i prezena circurilor glacio-nivale.
Versantul sud-estic al vrfului Piatra Gritoare (Coasta
Briesei) prezint depresiuni crionivale ce adpostesc
specii vegetale relicte ocrotite, pe o suprafa de 5 ha.
n extremitatea nordic, zona Vrtop a devenit un adevrat
sat de vacan datorit posibilitilor deosebite de practi-
care a sporturilor de iarn.
Munii Pdurea Craiului dein, la rndul lor, un
potenial turistic nsemnat datorit prezenei pe arii ex-
tinse a relieful carstic. Ca rezultat al aciunii apei subte-
rane s-au format numeroase peteri de interes turistic:
peterile cu ap de la Bulz, din valea Leului, Ponora, 1
Moanei, Btrnului, Gleni, Igria, de la Cuble, Osoi,
Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-Ponor, Bonchii, Cornilor. Numeroasele
chei i defilee ntregesc oferta turistic natural: Cheile
Videi, Albioarei, Cuilor, Lazurilor.
Zona Criului Repede se remarc printr-un
potenial turistic deosebit, dublat de cel de poziie i
infrastructur ce i confer calitatea de ax major de
circulaie. Defileul Criului Repede, rezervaie natural
mixt (geologic, faunistic si fosilifer cu relief carstic
variat), reprezint o succesiune de lrgiri i ngustri.
Versanii abrupi (Stanul Stupului este un perete abrupt
de peste 80 m, deosebit de prielnic pentru escalad),
numeroasele peteri valoroase (Petera Vntului, 46 km
- cea mai lung din ara noastr, Petera Vadu Criului,
descoperit n anul 1903, bine dotat tehnic pentru turism,
Petera Ungurului, amenajat recent), sectoarele mici de
chei pe afluenii Criului Repede (Cheile Miidului), pito-
rescului vii Brtcuei, extrem de favorabil drumeiilor,
reprezint principalele atracii ale zonei. Turismul re-
creativ, n special speoturismul, raftingul i escaladele (n
sectorul Vad-uncuiu sunt peste 100 de trasee reame-
najate), ctig tot mai mult teren. Rafting i caiac se pot
practica pe unele sectoare ale Criului Repede, n special
n sectorul de nivel mediu, Vad-Bratca.
n terminaiile sud-vestice ale Munilor Pdurea
Craiului, n imediata apropiere a localitii omonime, se
afl Petera Meziad, declarat rezervaie natural. Este
una dintre cele mai mari peteri din ar, nsumnd mii de 2
metri de galerii dispuse pe mai multe etaje.

1. Petera Igrita / Igrita cave / Igrita barlang

2. Petera Mgura din Valea Sighitelului /
Magura cave / Jzsef-fherceg barlang
3. Petera Drcoaia din Valea Sighitelului /
Dracoaia Cave / Srkny-lyuk
4. Petera Devenului / Deventului Cave /
Devenc-barlang
5. Petera Cuble / The Cubles cave / A Cubles-
barlang
6. Petera Osoiu / The Osoiu cave / Osoi-barlang
7. Petera Porile Bihorului / Porile Bihorului cave
/ Bihar kapuja-barlang
8. Ferice - petera /The cave / A fericsei barlang
9. Petera Gleni / The Galaseni cave /
Gloshzi-barlang

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n Munii Codru-Moma, de interes turistic este

Platoul carstic al Vacului datorit reliefului
carstic de suprafa (vi cu doline, uvale, polii, martori
de eroziune sub form de mguri, sorburi), dar mai ales
datorit prezenei izbucului intermitent de la Clugri,
declarat monument natural geologic i geomorfologic,
ce atrage numeroi turiti. Zona Defileului Criul Negru-
Dumbrvia, cu forme carstice i un peisaj deosebit de
pitoresc se preteaz mai ales drumeiilor, agroturismului,
pescuitului sportiv, sporturilor nautice i vntorii.
n treapta de cmpie, absena unui relief specta-
culos este compensat cu succes de particularitile
vegetaiei i ale apelor ce se mbin perfect ntr-un peisaj
de un farmec particular. Vegetaia natural este constituit
din pajiti i resturi ale pdurilor existente odinioar. Mult
mai semnificativ ca resurs turistic este vegetaia
acvatic i palustr caracteristic luncilor i fiei mar-
ginale a numeroaselor lacuri din zon. Astfel, Complexul
de lacuri amenajate -Cefa- a crui valoare peisagistic
se datoreaz ntinderilor mari de ape, pdurilor poienite
i vegetaiei de stuf, papur, pipirig, este deosebit de at-
ractiv. Zona umed, heleteele Cefa-Rezervaia natural
Pdurea Rdvani se remarc, pe lng vegetaia palustr
i colonia de psari pe care o adpostete, prin pajitile
de srturi cu Salicornia Herbaceea, Artemisia Maritima
i Festuca pseudovina.
Resursele faunistice ale silvostepei cu o varietate
mai redus sunt compensate ns de efectivele mari de
fazani i cpriori care asigur un fond cinegetic apreciabil,
precum i de bogia i diversitatea faunei piscicole fluviale
i lacustre, toate favoriznd turismul sportiv, vntoarea
i pescuitul. Cele mai importante locaii de pescuit sunt
canalele Cefa III, Cefa IV, canalul colector din vecintatea 1
Pescriei Cefa. Amenajarea Cefa are una dintre cele mai
bune oferte (dou bazine de cte 6 hectare fiecare, popu-
late cu crap, caras, tiuc si somn). La acestea se adaug 2
i lacurile de la Livada, Gepiu, Apateu, Miersig, Paleu, Le,
Valea Popilor, Sldbagiu, populate ndeosebi cu caras i
somotei.
n zona Ier-Barcu-Valea lui Mihai, cele mai im-
portante elemente de atracie se leag de prezena nu-
meroaselor lacuri, rezervaiilor naturale, vestitelor pivnie
tradiionale de vin i fondului bogat de vntoare.
Ariile protejate Complexul hidrografic Valea Rece (Slacea),
si lacul eutrof natural Cico (Scueni) reprezint resturi ale
mlatinilor ce erau specifice ntregii vi a Ierului, n care
este pstrat o flor specific.
n zona Valea Ierului, lacurile Ianca i Vaida (lng
Diosig), Cadea (lng Scueni), Albi i Crestur (zona
Marghita), populate cu caras, crap, roioar, babuc, so-
motei, somn i tiuc se preteaz pescuitului sportiv.
Podgoria Diosig exploateaz relieful favorabil de
cmpie i dealuri joase cu centrele viticole Diosig, Scuieni
i Sniob. Potrivit cercetrilor fcute, existau plantaii
viticole nc din secolul al XVI-lea. Se remarc vinurile
Feteasca alb, Riesling italian, Feteasca regal i Muscat
Ottonel.
Arealul Valea lui Mihai este cunoscut pentru ves-
tita sa podgorie, suprapus Cmpiei nisipoase a Careilor,
cu vechi tradiii. n secolul al XVII-lea viile erau organizate
n grdini de struguri, separate de terenurile arabile.

1. Cheile Galbenei / The Galbina Gorges / Galbina-

szoros
2. Platoul Padi/ Padi Plateau / Pdis mez
3. Vrful Curcubta Mare (Bihor) - 1849 m, cel mai
nalt vrf din Munii Apuseni / The highest peak
of the Apuseni Mountains - Cucurbta Mare -
1.849 metres, also called Bihor Peak/ Curcubata
Mare cscs - Bihar 1.849 m. - a legmagasabb az
Erdlyi-kzphegysgben
4. Groapa Ruginoas / Ruginoasa Abyss / Rozs-
daszakadk
5. Molhaurile de la Izbuce / Spring Peat Bogs /
Tzeglpok
6. Poiana Ponor / Ponor glade / Ponor-rt
vznyeli
7. Cascada Evantai / Evantai waterfall / Eminen-
cis vzess
8. Cetile Rdesei / The forthresses of Rdesei /
Az Aragysza-barlang

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n centrul viticol Valea lui Mihai se produce

Feteasca regal, Mustoasa de Mderat.
n zon se afl i rezervaia natural de la Voivozi,
Punea cu Corynephorus conescens, specie atlantico
-mediteranean, singura staiune viguroas din ar, n
care aceasta crete spontan. Pe lacurile imian i Vad
se practic pescuitul sportiv.
Una dintre cele mai valoroase zone turistice,
complexul balnear Bile Felix-Bile 1 Mai, se afl circa 8
km de Oradea. Acesta este renumit pentru proprietile
curative ale apelor termale oligominerale, radioactive, cu
temperaturi de pn la 49oC i ale nmolului sapropelic
fosil. Nuana mai blnd a climei i ntinsele pduri de
foioase adaug un plus de atractivitate zonei. Complexul
dispune de peste 4000 de locuri de cazare, opt baze de
tratament, un spital de recuperare, numeroase hoteluri,
pensiuni, cluburi i restaurante, camping-uri, piscine de
agrement, terenuri de sport etc. Bazele de tratament
sunt dotate cu instalaii de electroterapie, kinetotera-
pie, hidroterapie, aerosoli, sli pentru masaj, sli pen-
tru mpachetri cu parafin etc., ce asigur efectuarea
unei game largi i complexe de proceduri recomandate,
n special, tratrii diverselor afeciuni reumatismale,
ginecologice, neurologice .a. n staiunea Bile 1 Mai,
raritile floristice i faunistice atrag numeroi turiti:
nufrul termal (Nymphaea lotus thermalis), specie
relict tropical din teriar, melcul endemic relict (Melan-
opsis parreysii Muhlfeld), petele endemic roioara lui
Racovi (Scardinius erythrophtalmus racovitzai). Lacul 2 3
Pea, rezervaie natural, este singurul ecosistem termal
natural din Europa.
Staiunea balnear Tinca se afl aezat pe rul
Criul Negru, la 36 km de Oradea. Dispune de valoroase
izvoare de ape minerale, apreciate pentru proprietile
lor curative i de un bioclimat sedativ. Rezervaia 1
natural botanic Poiana cu narcise Goronite, din i-
mediata apropiere, reprezint un alt element de cert
atracie turistic.

1. Cascada Hotran (80 m ) - treapta inferioar/

Hotran waterfall - lower level / Hotran-
vzess - als szint
2. Cascada Iadolina (10 m) / Iadolina waterfall /
Iadolina-vzess
3. Cascada de la Pdurea Neagr / Pdurea
Neagr waterfall / Feketeerdi-vzess
4. Cascada Bulbuci (40m) / Bulbuci waterfall /
Hrom Kirly-vzess
5. Cascada Oelu (10m) / Oselu waterfall / Schmidl
vzess
6. Cascada Vlul Miresei din Valea Iadului / The
Brides veil waterfall from Iadului Valley / A jd
vlgyi Ftyl-vzess
7. Cascada Moara Dracului (20m) / Moara Dracului
waterfall / rdgmalom-vzess
8. Cascada Bohodei / Bohodei Waterfall / Nagy-
Phaeton-vzess

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Turisztikai
potential
ltvnyossgok

The mountain level holds an extraor-

dinary touristic potential. The charm of the
Apuseni Mountains, covering the eastern part
of the county, is the result of the combination of diverse
physical-geographical, social, economical and cultural el-
ements which have clear individuality, driving to a unique
panorama with unbelievable touristic values. The beauty
of the landscape is ought to the very diverse and friendly
combination of natural shapes (large, round and sunny
tops, which are easy to climb) with spectacular limestone
forms (gaps, structural rips, gorges and canyons, caves etc).
The characteristics of the relief of the Apuseni
Mountains offer mountain tourism, closer to enter-
tainment and relaxation and also good enough for as-
cension. The recreational tourism prevails here (hik-
ing, speotourism, winter sports, hunting and fishing
etc.), the health-care tourism and the cultural one.
Rafting (in the region of Vadu Criului-Bratca and
along the Criul Negru and Pietros), climbing (in the re-
gion of Vad-uncuiu having over 100 renewed traces along
the Aleului-Bohodei area), canyoning (in Valea Galben,
Valea Seac), speotourism (in Padi-Cetile Ponorului,
Criul Repede Gorge, Albioarei Gorge, Valea Videi, Valea
Iadei) and paragliding (in the region of Roia, Padi, Stna
de Vale) are being practiced more and more nowadays.
The attraction of the sight is completed by other
important natural premises: favourable climate for win-
ter sports (large amount of snow which keeps for over
136 days a year) in Stna de Vale and Vrtop, the thermal
springs and mineral water springs, numerous lakes and
waterfalls, forests with important animal species for hunt-
ing, unpolluted rivers and a rich fish-base etc. The large
forests and meadows, traditional households also enrich the
particularities of the region, helping the development of ru-
ral tourism. The rural pensions are concentrated especially
in the Beiusului Depression, the Criul Repede Basin and
the Iad Valley. It is a great interest towards the agrotourist
pensions due to the fact that the touristy product wears the
characteristics of a peasant household (private products,
regional specialties, small animals and bowing animals,
personal contact with the land owner, typical atmosphere).
The Bihor-Vldeasa Mountains have the most
representative peaks, with the height between 1200
and the maximum of 1849 m at the Cucurbta Mare
top from the Biharia gorge. Generally, the sight is
dominated by large and long riverbanks, friendly and
soft, separated by deep valleys like gorges and gaps.
From the touristy point of view, the biggest attrac-
tion is the sun-unit Btrna (central Bihor Mountain or
Padi). The Padi-Cetile Ponorului closed basin, having
no ground-outflow is representing an important tourist area,
including more sub-units: Padi (high karstic field between
1250-1280 m with numerous geological shapes and for-
mations); Poiana Ponor (a typical sight where the hidden
and lost springs from Padis reappear, an entire system
of losing water in smaller and bigger, temporary pounds);
Lumea Pierdut: the Lost World (a sight with coniferous
full of caves and pits, tiny hills, hidden springs and holes);
Cetile Ponorului (a spectacular karstic formation shaped
from three deep horns, where the tectonic estuary is build-
ing a 1 km wide, 300 m deep basin, with forest on it, ha-
ving extremely sheer walls and a water-course with many
underground portions); the Galbena Valley, holding the re-
appearance of lost waters from the Galbena brook, waters
which disappeared in Padis and Cetatile Ponorului. It has
sheer walls, waterfalls, gorges and caves (at the origin of its
channel, Valea Seac, you can find the Groapa Ruginoas,
a sandstone basin over the limestone where the regressive
erosion lead to an impressive red structure, called rusty pit.
The Brsa Pit is a closed basin, being a mixed natural re-
servation and holding many karstic forms as a wash-out, 16
caves (Glacier Cave from Brsa, Petera Neagr, Petera
Zpodie etc.). The Borig and Focul Viu depressions from the
neighborhood are famous for their underground glaciers.
The Sighitelului area has touristy attraction by its
complex karstic relief, (dolinas, caves, sheer valleys, and
hidden springs). From all the 40 caves of this area the most
spectacular is the Magura Cave, having the length of over
1800 m. The underground sight calls for active tourism,
among the other caves of the Sighitelului basin. It is the area
in the country where most of the karstic forms have borned,
counting more than 160 caves over 15 km2 surface (Cocean,
P., 1988). Among the caves we mention Tibocoaia, Varnia,
Calului, Petera de la Faa Pietrii etc. The Sighitelului ca-
nyon captures almost the entire valley, and due to its special
sight-value it has been considered mixed natural reservation.
The Cave of Bears (Petera Urilor) from
Chicu, situated at the western extremity of the moun-
tains, was considered tourist place from the beginning.

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Touristic
Turisztikai
potential
ltvnyossgok 2

The beauty and richness of the stalactites

and stalagmites, the paleontological remains of the
cave bear (Ursus spaeleus), including a complete skeleton,
are very attractive. The lower level of the cave is active and
considered a science reservation.
At the northern extremities, bordering the Vladeasa
Mountains, in the nearance of the Someului Cald springs,
appears the limestone, generating the most important
karstic phenomena. The most interesting of these is the
Cetatea Rdesei cave, considered mixed natural reserva-
tion. The Someul Cald Canyon is one of the wildest from the
Apuseni Mountains.
The Vldeasa Mountains or the Northern Bihor is a
massive sub-unit, being characterized by heavy forms, due
to the presence of magma rocks. The hard rock is evidenced
by the sheer walls, bearing caves and landslides along the
rivers, resulting wonderful waterfalls (like the ones along the
Iade Valley: Iadolina, Sritoarea Ieduului and Valul Miresei).
The mountaintops are large, smooth and good for hiking,
the deep valleys with their sheer walls are just good for cas-
cade-formations: Creasta Frunii its top holds an excellent
panoramic view over the village Remei, Creasta Ciocondului
and the river gorges of Iadului-Ieduului, Leu and others.
The chalk structures explain the presence of specific caves
in some areas. The most important caves are equipped for
visitors due to the great touristic potential of the region and
to the easy accessibility: the water cave from Bulz, Faa Apei,
from the Le valley etc. There are also many hidden springs
like in Toplia-Remei, Ciuhandrului, Valea Draica etc.
The Iadei Valley Stna de Vale region is a traditional
tourist place with remarkable diversity of wild gorges and
large basins. The entropic lakes from Leu, Munteni, Bulz 3
bring additional charm to the area, called also the hydro-
graphic basin of the Iade. The tourist attractions are com-
pleted by the presence of the Transylvanian lilac (Syringa
josikaea), which blossoms in spring. You can find it over the
Iade Valley, the region being declared a natural reservation.
Stna de Vale depression is situated on the upper
banks of the Iade river, together with the healthcare and
holiday resort with the same name. It is dominated by high
massifs, being an important touristy knot from the Apuseni
Mountains. The healthcare resort with its center at 1100 m
height has a friendly, tonic bio-clime with special ozone-
richness and waters enriched with oligo-minerals and iron
derivates. The medical effect of these elements is exploited
in order to cure hormonal, respiratory affections, tiredness
and aftercare period. The region is equipped for winter sports
as well.
The Pdurea Craiului Mountains hold an important
touristic potential. Due to the presence of charcoal-type
rocks the karstic relief has the most extension from the
geomorphologic point of view. The mountains are not too
high, they rise up to 600 - 800 m height, being sectioned in
plateaus by valleys, some of them really smooth (Zece Ho-
tare, Podul Glimei etc.) with many karstic formations. As a
result of the underground water activity many water-caves
appeared: at Bulz, Le Valley, Ponora, Moanei, Btrnului,
Gleni, Igria, Cuble, Osoi, Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-Ponor, Bon-
chii, Cornilor. Many gorges and canyons complete the natural
sight: Cheile Videi, Albioarei, Cuilor, Lazurilor. Very impor-
tant gorges are along the Criul Repede river, from Vad and
along the Roia river, at Cbeti.

1. Stna de Vale - panorama / Panaorama view /

biharfredi panorma
2. Vrtop - prtia Vrtop / Vrtop skisplope /
Vertop splya
3. Vrtop - prtia Piatra Gritoare / Piatra
Gritoare skisplope / A vertopi Zengk splya
4. Spre Vrtop / The way to Vrtop / A Vrtophoz
vezet t

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Turisztikai
potential
ltvnyossgok

The Criul Repede zone is remarkable for

its specific touristic potential, being enriched by its
position and infrastructure. The Criul Repede canyon is a
mixed natural reservation (geological, zoological and paleon-
tological with diverse karstic shapes), presenting a succession
of narrow and enlarged portions of the valley along Bucea-
Vadu Criului. Its spectacular forms come from the Triassic
chalk modulation. The sheer walls of the river (Stanul Stupu-
lui is an arduous wall, over 80 m high, good for climbing), the
numerous caves (the Winds cave - Petera Vntului, 46 km
long, is the longest cave from our country, the Zichy cave -
Petera de la Vadu Criului, discovered in 1903 is equipped
for tourism, Petera Ungurului renewed, the small canyon
segments along the channels of Criul Repede river (Cheile
Miidului), the pitoresque of Brtcua valley, extremely good
for hiking etc. represent the most important attractions of the
region. The entertainment tourism, specially climbing, speo-
tourism and rafting are getting more and more to peoples
interest. Rafting and kajaking can be practiced in some parts
of the Criul Repede river, specially in the Vad-Bratca sector. 4
In the south-western ends of the Pdurea Craiu- 1
lui Mountains, next to the village with the same name,
you will find the Meziad cave, one of the biggest caves of
this country. It has five different levels, each represent- 2
ing the differences of underground drafting in space and
time. The length of the galleries is over 3400 m and the
place has been declared natural speological reservation.
The Codru-Moma Mountains are not too high, the
peak does not exceed 1000 m, and it is formed by Triassic and
Jurassic chalk: dolinas, canyons, plateaus etc. Touristy sights
are the Vascau karstic plateau with its various forms, especially
with the hiding spring from Clugri, and the Dumbrvia de
Codru and Criul Negru Gorge karstic zone. This one has an
incredible beautiful sight, good for sporty fishing and aquatic
sports, hunting, hiking and agro-tourism. The Fini-Huta
area from the Codrului Mountains is locally well- known, be-
ing one of the most beautiful panoramas of these mountains.
The Plopiului Mountains are not very high, less
than 750 m and basically formed by crystalline alluviums
in the depths. The highest top is the Vratic. In the central
parts we can find villages populated by Slovaks, who were
inhabited by the Habsburgs here (at the end of the 18th cen-
tury, beginning f the 19th century) in order to complete the
timber work. Later, they took part in the forestry industry,
burning the wood and boiling the ashes for glass-making.
Beside the ethnographical heritage (Slovak traditio-
nal households, customs and bearings), the inteu-Pdurea
Neagr area holds many touristy elements as well.
In the lowlands, the absence of a spectacular relief
is successfully balanced by the particularities of vegetation,
and by the beautiful waters, enriching the sight with specific
charm. The vegetation is formed by mezohygrophil mead-
ows and small forest areas, reminisces of former forests. It is
more important the aquatic and swampy vegetation, specific
for the edge-zones of the present lakes. So, one of the most
important aquatic complex is the Cefa built lakes complex, its
sight value is due to the extended water surface, the light for-
ests and the swampy vegetation (reed, rush, sedge).The hu-
mid area of the fisheries from the Cefa-Rdvani Forest natural
reservation is remarkable also by its bird colony, by the salty
meadows, populated with Salicornia Herbaceea, Artemisia
Maritima and Festuca pseudovina. The zoological reduced re-
sources of the forest steppe are balanced by a big number of
pheasants and deer, offering a remarkable hunting base, and
by the diversity of fish species in the rivers and pounds, help-
ing the development of sports tourism, hunting and fishing.

1. Stna de Vale - schi i distracie / Ski and fun / Sport s

kikapcsolds Biharfreden
2. Stna de Vale - concurs de snowmobile/ Snowmobile
competition / Motorosszn verseny Biharfreden
3. Stna de Vale - Izvorul Minunilor/ The wonder mint /
Biharfred - Csodaforrs 3
4. Stna de Vale - vedere aerian / Aerial view / Biharfred
madrtvlatbl

184
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Turisztikai ltvnyossgok

South from Oradea, the most important

fishing places are the channels Cefa III, Cefa IV and
the collecting channel from the Cefa Fishery neighbourhood
(32 km). Cefa resort has one of the best offers in fishery (two
pools, 6 hectares each, inhabited with different kinds of fish).
We also count the other lakes from the area: Livada, Gepiu,
Apateu, Miersig, Paleu, Le, Valea Plopilor, Sldbagiu, and
the lake in the nearance of Bor Santul Mic has special
equipment.
In the northern part of the county, in Ier-Barcu-
Valea lui Mihai area the most attractive elements are linked
to the lakes, natural reservations, famous vineyards and
a rich hunting base. You can practice sports fishing on the
river Ier and on the lakes near Vad, imian (Valea lui Mi-
hai), Ianca and Vaida (close to Diosig), Cadea (near Scueni), 1
Albi and Crestur (Marghita). In the Ier valley you can find
the hydrographic complex of Valea Rece (Slacea), and the
natural lake of Cico (Scueni), remains of swamps which
were characteristic to the Ier valley in the older days, having 2
a specific flora.
The Diosig vineyard exploits the lowland and hilly
relief, for its vineries from Diosig, Scuieni and Sniob. Ac-
cording to researches, the vineyard place dates from the 16th
century. Remarkable wines, such as the Feteasca alba (rec-
ommended species with fruitful taste and vivacity), Feteasca
regala (authorized white wine, impressing the consumer by
its charmy odor and rich bouquet) and the Muscat Ottonel
(authorized wine, with golden colour and typical perfume) are
produced here.
The Valea lui Mihai area is well known for is famous
vineyard and the natural reservation from Voivozi, where a
meadow of Corynephrus conescens is protected, originally
from Atlantic and Mediterranean regions. The Valea lui Mi-
hai vineyard lies over the sandy lands of Carei, and has very
old vinery traditions. In the 17th century the vineyards where
organized in grape-gardens, being separated from agricul-
ture. In this vinery center from Valea lui Mihai they produce
the Feteasca regala wine (recommended, tasteful, easy and
fine), Mustoasa de Mderat (authorized, the locals call it
Lampau, which is a dominant wine, with strong local influ-
ences, twisting together the natural conditions of the fruits
and the productions area).
At a distance of 8 km from Oradea there is the bath
resort called Bile Felix-Bile 1 Mai, famous for the natural
curing elements, oligomineral, radioactive thermal waters
with a temperature up to 49o C and for the sapropelic fosil
clay you find here. The smooth clime and extended deciduous
forests come to complete the attractive sight of the region.
There are 4000 places to rest, eight treatment bases,
an aftercare hospital, numerous hotels and pensions, clubs
and restaurants, camping and spa, sport grounds etc. The
curing bases are specifically equipped for electrotherapy,
kinetotherapy, hydrotherapy, aerosol, massage halls etc., in
order to complete the largest and most complex healthcare
treatments of rheumatic, neurological, gynaecological affec-
tions etc.
In Bile 1 Mai bath the floral rarities (thermal water
lily Nymphaea Lotus varietas thermalis- tropical relict spe-
cies from the Tertiary) and animal rarities (a species of snail,
endemic relict called Melanopsis parreysii Muhlfeld, and of
fish, called Scardinius erythrophtalmus racovitzai, which sur-
vived to the last glaciations in the Peta lake, the only thermal
ecosystem from Europe) lead to consider the region a natural
reservation, which calls many tourists in this area.
Tinca healthcare resort holds many springs with
mineral water, being situated along the Criul Negru river
at about 36 km from Oradea. It is well known for its mineral
waters with medical effects and for the reassuring bio-clime,
natural cure elements etc. The botanical reservation with
daffodils from Goronite, in the neighbourhood of Tinca rep-
resents another touristic attractive element.

1. uncuiu - Petera Unguru Mare / Unguru Mare

cave / Nagy Magyar-barlang
2. uncuiu - castel / Castel / A vrsonkolyosi
kastly
3. uncuiu - camping de 1 Mai / Camping on 1st
of May / Mjus elsejei kemping
4. uncuiu - Petera Unguru Mare, exterior /
Unguru Mare cave outside / A Nagy Magyar
barlang bejrata
5. Zece Hotare - scuptur n lemn / wood sculp-
tures / Tz Hatr - fa szobor
6. uncuiu - Petera Vntului / Winds cave /
Sonkolyosi szlbarlang
7. Valea Miidului - Petera Lesiana / Lesiana
Cave from Misidului Valley / Szraz Bir Lajos
barlang a Misid vlgybl
8. Defileul Criului Repede / Criul Repede defile /
A Krs-szoros

186
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5 6

7
 Turisztikai
Turisztikailtvnyossgok
ltvnyossgok

A hegyvidk klnleges turisztikai vonzervel

rendelkezik. Festi szpsge a mrskelt
domborzati formk (knnyen elrhet, hosszan elnyl,
kerektett, napos cscsok) s a ltvnyos karsztikus
kpzdmnyek (szakadkok, hegygerincek, szorosok,
barlangok) vltakozsnak ksznhet. A domborzati
formk jellegzetessge a pihenni s dlni vgyk tu-
risztikai paradicsomv teszi, de szmos hely alkalmas
a hegymszsra is. A rekreatv turizmus (hegyi tra,
barlangszat, tli sportok, vadszat, halszat) mellett a
kulturlis-, s gygyturizmus is jelents. Egyre elterjed-
tebb a rafting (a Sebes-Krs, a Fekete-Krs s Kves-
Krs hegyi szakaszain), sziklamszs (a Sebes-Krs
szorosban, az Aleu-Bohodei vidken), vadvizi evezs
(Galbina-vlgy, s Valea Seac), barlangszat (Cso-
davr, r. Padi-Cetile Ponorului; Sebes-Krs-meder,
r. Defileul Criului Repede; Cheile Albioarei; Valea Videi;
Jd vlgye, r. Valea Iadei) s siklernyzs (Roia; Pdis
r. Padi; Biharfred, r. Stna de Vale).
A domborzat vonzerejt a kvetkez ter-
mszeti tnyezk egsztik ki: a tli sportoknak kedvez 1
klma (nagy mennyisg h, tarts vastagsg hrteg)
Biharfreden (Stana de Vale) s a Vrtop-hgn (Var-
top), terml-, s svnyvizek, erdk, tavak, vzessek,
tiszta folyk vltozatos s gazdag halllomnnyal.
Az erdk, a kiterjedt kaszlk s a hagyo-
mnyos hztartsok klnlegess teszik a vidket, s
elsegtik a faluturizmus fejldst. Szmos vidki tu-
risztikai panzit tallunk a Belnyesi medencben, a
Sebes-Krs mentn s a Jd-vlgyben. Ezek kzl is
az agroturisztikai panzik a legkeresettebbek, mivel a
falusi hztartsok minden jellemz jegyvel el vannak
ltva (sajt termkek, helyi jellegzetessgek, llatok,
kzvetlen kapcsolat a hzigazdval, a falusi hztarts
jellegzetes lgkre).
A turisztikai attraktivits szempontjbl
vitathatatlanul a Bihar-Vladeasa hegysg Btrna
nev alegysge (reg-havas), ms nevn Pdis a
legjelentsebb, melyet nagyrszt a Nyugati Sziget-hegy-
sg Nemzeti Parkja (amely ennek a nagy termszeti s
kulturlis rtk vidknek a vdelmt s konzervlst
hivatott szolglni) fed le.
A fent emltett nagy jelentsg turisztikai
terlet, Pdis tbb alegysgt foglalja magba: Platoul
carstic Padi (1250-1280 m. szmos dolinval, meden-
cvel s exokarsztikus jelensggel); Poiana Ponor (tipi-
kus helye az elbj s elbukkan folyvizeknek, az n.
elveszett vizeknek, melyek felbukkansuktl krlbell
300 mternyi lthatsg utn jra eltnnek); Lumea
Pierdut (erds fennsk termszetes kzetekkel, bar-
langokkal, dolinkkal, feltr vizekkel s regekkel);
Csodavr (r. Cetile Ponorului - az orszg egyik leg-
csodlatosabb karszt formcija, 1 mteres tmrvel
s 300 mter mlysggel, erds rszekkel, meredek
falakkal s egy olyan vzfolyssal, mely tbb fldalatti
szegmensben is jelen van); az Izbucul s a Galbina-
kkz (r. Cheile Galbenei - vad vidk meredek lejtkkel,
szmos barlanggal s vzesssel); a Szrazpatakkal
(r. Valea Seac) val talalkozsnl tallhat a geol-
giai s geomorfolgiai rezervtum, a Groapa Ruginoas
(Rozsdaszakadk), melynek rozsdaszn struktrja
igen klnlegess teszi; a Groapa de la Barsa egy zrt
medence, klnfle karsztikus kpzdmnyekkel...
(kvetkez oldal)
1

1. Vadu Criului - vedere spre defileu / Sight to the

defile / A rvi-szoros
2. Petera Btrnului / Btrnului (Old Man`s or
Hell) cave / A Pokol-barlang
3. Vadu Criului - Cascada / Waterfall / A rvi
vzess
4. Vadu Criului - petera / The cave / A rvi Zchy-
barlang
5. Vadu Criului - vama srii / Vama Sarii / A rvi
Tndrvr
6. Vadu Criului - vama srii / Vama Sarii / A rvi
Tndrvr
7. Vadu Criului - baie la cascada / bath at the
waterfall / Frdzs a rvi vzessnl

188
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5 6

7
 Turisztikai
Turisztikailtvnyossgok
ltvnyossgok

(Brsza-jgbarlang, r. Ghearul de la Barsa,

Fekete-barlang, r. Petera Neagr, Zapodie-
barlang, r. Petera Zpodie), melyet mindezekrt
nemzeti termszeti rezervtumm nyilvntottak. Dli
rszn tallhat az Eszkim-jgbarlang (Ghearul Fo-
cul Viu), mely orszgos rdekeltsg termszeti csoda,
rdekessge fldalatti gleccsereiben ll.
A Szegyesi-vlgy (Valea Sighitelului)
Kirlypatak (Valea Criasa) trsg turisztikai rdekes-
sge komplex karsztikus domborzatban ll (dolink,
barlangok, meredek lejtk s vlgyek, felbukkan
vizek). A szmos barlang kzl kiemelked fontossg a
Jzsef fherceg barlang (Petera Mgura), melynek kl-
nlegessge egyedi fldalatti ltvnyban ll. Szegyes
(Sighistel) ltvnyos szorosai majdnem teljes egsz-
ben jelen vannak a vlgyben. Sighistel vlgyt term-
szeti rezervtumm nyilvntottk. A Kiskhi (Chicu)
medvebarlangot turisztikai kzpontt alaktottk, amint
azt bejrhatv tettk. A sztalaktitok s szlagmitok
gazdagsga s szpsge, a barlangi medve (Ursus spe-
laeus) fosszilia maradvnyai a turistkat vonz helyi lt-
vnyossgok rszei.
A Someului Cald hegyszorosban (a Vle-
gysza, r. Vldeasa hegysg szaki rszn tallhat)
fekszik a Szamosbazr (Cheile Someului Cald) szo-
ros is, melyet a Nyugati Hegysg legvadabb vidknek
tartanak, s ugyanitt lelhet fel az Aragysza-barlang
(Cetatea Rdesei), melyet klnleges karsztikus formi
miatt szintn termszeti rezervtumknt ismernek
el. A Vlegysza (Vldeasa) hegysg (vagy szak-Bihar)
nehzkes kiemelkedseirl ismert, amit jrszt a
kemny, magmatikus kzet, a magas s relatve sima
fal hegytet hatroz meg. Tkletesen megfelel a ter-
mszetjrs, hegymszs cljainak, hiszen a meredek
lejtk, a szmos vzess, a gyjttavak s a forrsok
(Toplia-Remei, izbucul Ciuhandrului, izbucurile din
Valea Draica stb.) mind hozzjrulnak a termszet szp-
sgeihez ezen karsztikus krzetekben.
A Vldeasa - s a Kirlyerd (Pdurea
Craiului) - hegysgek tallkozsnl a Jd-vlgye (Valea
Iadei) Biharfred (Stna de Vale) turisztikai zna tall-
hat, vltakoz vadszoros kibvl rszeivel. A bizonyos
tjegysgeken jelenlv meszes struktrk adnak ma-
gyarzatot a jellegzetes barlangok kialakulsra.
A hegymszsnak kedvez meredek ter-
letek (Creasta Frunii, melyrl csodlatos kilts nylik
Remei kzsgre; Creasta Cicondului, a Iadului-Ieduul
tallkozsnl kialakult meredek tjegysgek), a
csodlatos vzessek (Jadolina, r. Iadolina; Szerend-
vzess r. Sritoarea Ieduului; Lja-vzess, r. Vlul
Miresei) s a Lesi-, Munteni-, s Bulz-gyjttavak
mind-mind bvtik a turisztikai vltozatossgot.
A turisztikai ltvnyossgok krbe tartozik
az erdlyi orgona is (Syringa josikaea), mely tavasszal
virgzik. A Jd-vlgyben lv terlet, ahol ez a virg te-
rem, ma mr termszeti rezervtum. A biharfredi (Stna
de Vale) medence (mely a Jd-foly fels rszn fekszik) 2
menedkhzaival a Nyugati hegysg egyik kiemelt tu-
risztikai kurizuma, melyet masszv sziklk npestenek
be, bkkfk s lucfenyk takarnak. Balneoklimaterikai 3
llomsa, mely 1100 mteres magassgban fekszik,

1. Cefa - lac de pescuit / Fishing lake / A csffai

halast
2. Scuieni - lacul Cico / Cico lake / A szkely-
hdi Csiks-t
3. Lacul Leu / Leu Lake / Lesu-t
4. Lacurile comunei Cetariu / Fishing lakes from
Cetariu / A hegykzcsatri halastavak
5. Lacul Vida / Vida Lake / Vida t
6. Lacul Sntimreu (Vaida) / Sntimreu Lake /
Hegykzszentimrei halast
7. Lacul de la Marghita / Lake from Marghita /
Margittai halast
8. Lacul de la Fegernic / Lake from Fegernic /
Almsfegyverneki halast

190
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5 6

7 8
 Turisztikai ltvnyossgok

kellemes bioklmval rendelkezik, klnleges

ozonifiklssal s oligominerlis vizekkel,
melyeket endokrinolgiai-, lgzsi-, idegi problmkra
s lbadozsra hasznostanak. Ez, s a tli sportolsi
lehetsg szmos turistt vonz a vidkre.
A Vlegysza (Vldeasa) hegysg dlnyugati
rszn, a Horgas-havas (Crligai hegyvonulat) lbnl
fekv Aleu trsg a Nyugati Termszeti Park (Parcul
Natural Apuseni) rsze. Ez fleg messen szp, mere-
dek lejtirl hres, mely szmos festi vzess otthona
(pl. Nagy Phaeton-vzess - r. Cascada Bohodeiului). A
ltvnyhoz kedvez klma is trsul. A meredek dombor-
zat hegymszsra kitnen alkalmas. A hegysg dli
vgben vdett botanikus kert tallhat, ahol a kln-
legesnek szmt Anemone narcissiflora is fellelhet.
A legnagyobb magassgokkal bszklked
Bihar hegysg (1849 mteres Cucurbta Mare cs-
csval) nagyrszt kristlyos palakvekbl ll, mely
megrizte a gleccseres tvltozsok nyomait. A
Cucurbta Mare - Piatra Gritoare tjegysgrl nylik
a legteljesebb rlts a Nyugati Hegysgre. Dombor-
zatnak masszv jellege kzismert. A Gritoare (Coasta
Briesei) dlkeleti lejtjn 5 ha-on vdett nvnyi fajokat
tallunk. A Vrtop trsg szaki rsze, a tli sportok
zsnek szles skljt knlva valdi nyaral faluv
ntte ki magt.
Karsztikus domborzatnak ksznheten a
Kirlyerd-hegysg (r. Pdurea Craiului) szintn turiszti-
kai kurizumknt emlegetett. A fldalatti vizek mozgsa
szmos, turisztikai objektumknt szmontartott, bar-
lang kialakulshoz vezetett: Bulzi (vizes barlang), Les-
vlgy, Ponora, Moanei, Btrnului, Gleni, Cubles,
Igria, Osoi, Ciur-Izbuc, Ciur-Ponor, Bonchii, Cornilor.
Szorosok teljestik ki a turisztikai ltnivalk sort: Cheile
Videi, Albioarei, Cuilor, Lazurilor.
A Sebes-Krs vezetnek turisztikai
befogad kpessgt megktszerezik helyzeti s
infrastrukturlis jellemzi, melyek fontos kzleke-
dsi csompontt teszik. A medence vegyes term-
szeti rezervtuma (geolgiai, llattani, s fosszliai,
vltozatos karsztikus domborzattal) szlesedsek s
beszklsek vltakoz sorozata. A meredek lejtk (pl.
a Stanul Stupului - egy tbb mint 80 m. magas fal, mely
kifejezetten alkalmas sziklamszsra), szmos techni-
kailag jl kiptett, rtkes barlang (pl. a Szelek-bar-
langja - 46 km, orszgunk leghosszabbja), a Rvi bar-
lang (1903-ban fedeztek fel), a Nagymagyar-barlang, a
Sebes-Krs mellkfolyinak mentn elhelyezked kis
szoros-vezetek ( Miid vlgye), a festi Bratcutei vlgy
(mely kifejezetten kedvelt trz tvonal) a krnyk
legfbb termszeti ltvnyossgai. 1
Egyre nagyobb teret nyer a turizmu-
son bell a barlangszat, a vadvzi evezs s a
sziklamszs (Rv-Sonkolyos vezetben tbb
mint 100, jra kiptett tvonal ll a ltogatk ren- 2 3
delkezsre). A Sebes-Krs egyes rszein, k-
lnsen a Rv-Bratca szakaszon megfelelek a

1. Bile Felix - rezervaie de nuferi / Water lily in

small pools at Felix spa / A flixfrdi tavirzsa-
rezervtum
2. Bile Felix - nufr / Waterlily / A flixfrdi
tndrrzsa
3. Bile Felix - nufr / Waterlily / A flixfrdi
tndrrzsa
4. Bile 1 Mai - Lotusul termal (Nymphaea
Lotus Thermalis) / The Thermal water-lily / A
pspkfrdi Ltuszvirg
5. Bile 1 Mai - Rezervaia Natural Prul Peea
/ Rezervation / A pspkfrdi termszetvdelmi
terlet

192
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5
 Turisztikai ltvnyossgok

krlmnyek vadvzi evezsre s a kajakozs-

ra.
A Pdurea Craiului dlkeleti vgn, az azonos nev kz-
sg kzvetlen kzelben tallhat Meziad-barlang szin-
tn termszeti rezervtum. Orszgunk egyik legnagyobb
barlangja, mely tbb szintes folyosival ejt mulatba.
A Codru-Moma-hegysgbeli Vacu Karsz-
tikus Fennsk karsztikus domborzatnak s a Clugri
forrsoknak (dolink, erzik) ksznheti hrnevt,
melyek geolgiai s geomorfolgiai csodaszmba
mennek, s rengeteg turistt vonzanak a krnykre.
A Fekete-Krs Dumbrvia znja szintn karsztikus
kpzdmnyei s festi tjai miatt kzkedvelt sznhelye
a trknak, az agroturizmusnak, a sporthalszatnak,
a vzisportoknak s a vadszatnak.
A sksg domborzati vltozatossgnak
hinyt nagyszeren helyettesti a nvnyzet s a vizek
sajtossga, melyek klnleges egyttese kivteles k-
pet ad. Az emltett nvnyzet legnagyobb rszt gyepes 1
s erds rszek alkotjk. Fontos turisztikai ltvnyossg
a tavak vzi-, s mocsri nvnyzete.
Kiemelked a Csffa-tavak terleteinek
nagy vzfelletei, erdtisztsai, s nvnyvilga (nd, 2 3
kka s gykny). A vizes terletek a Csffa Term-
szeti Rezervtum (Cefa - Rezervaia natural), Pdurea
Rdvani halastavak mocsri nvnyzetk mellett
klnbz madrfajaikkal s fnvnyzetkkel (Sali-
cornia Herbaceea, Artemisia Maritima, Festuca pseu-
dovina) is hvogatlag hatnak.
A fs terletek llatvilgnak nmi egy-
hangsgt oldja fel az igen nagytest fcnok s
zbakok jelenlte, valamint a vzi llatvilg gazdagsga,
mely kedvez a sportturizmust, vadszatot s halszatot
vlasztknak. A legfontosabb halszhelyek a Csffa III,
Csffa IV csatornk, valamint a csffai halastavak k-
zelben tallhat gyjtcsatorna. Csffa az egyik leg-
jobban felszerelt kzpont (2 medence, mindkett 6 ha,
ponttyal, krsszal, csukval s harcsval). Jl felsze-
reltek mg Livada, Gepiu, Apateu, Miersig, Paleu, Le,
Valea Popilor s Sldbagiu tavai, melyek leginkbb
krsszal s kis pontyokkal npestettek.
A Szrazr-Beretty-rmihlyfalva vezet 4
legjelentsebb ltvnyossgai szp szm tavai, ter-
mszeti rezervtumai, hagyomnyos borospinci, s a
vadszathoz szksges llatllomny.
A hidegvlgyi vzhlzati vezet (Szalacs) s
a Csiksi-t (Szkelyhd) vdett rszei a Szrazr vlgy-
nek, mely jellegzetesen mocsaras terlet volt. Marad-
vnyait az erre jellemz nvnyvilg mig megrizte.
A Szrazr vlgyben szmos helyen zhet
a sporthlszat: Jankafalvn s Biharvajdn (Diszeg
mellett), Nagykgyn (Szkelyhd mellett), az Albison
s Aptkeresztron. A krsz, ponty, koncr, harcsa s
csuka a legjellemzbb halfajok.
Podgoria Diosig sk- s dombvidkes vezete

6
1. Bile 1 Mai - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Pspkfrd madartvlatbl
2. Bile Felix - biserica ortodox de lemn (1785) /
The orthodox wood church / Ortodox fatemplom
Flixfrdn
3. Bile Felix - biserica greco-catolic de lemn / The
Greec-Catholic wood church / A grg-katolikus
fatemplom Flixfrdn
4. Bile 1 Mai - trandul Venus / Venus lido /
Pspkfrdi Vnusz strand
5. Bile Sarcu / Sarcu Spa / Szarki termalfrd
6. Bile Felix - trandul Apollo (1896) / Apollo lido / A
flixfrdi Apoll-frd
7. Bile Felix - vedere aerian / Aerial view /
Flixfrd madartvlatbl
8. Bile Felix - trandul Padi i trandul
Internaional / Swiming pool / A flixfrdi Padis-
s International strandok

194
7

8
 Turisztikai ltvnyossgok

kedvezen hat Diszeg, Szkelyhd s Szent-

jobb borszati kzpontjainak termelsre. Ku-
tatsok bizonytjk, hogy mr a XVI. szzadban jelen volt
a szltermeszts. A krnyk borainak legjelentsebb
nevei a Fehr Lenyka, Olasz Riesling, Kirlylenyka s
az Otonel Muskotly.
Mihlyfalva krnyke borvidkrl hres,
mely vetekszik a hagyomnyrz Krolyok alfldjvel. A
XVII. szzadban a szltkket szlkertekbe rendeztk,
elvlasztva ms megmvelt fldektl. Az itt tallhat
bortermeli kzpontban Kirlylenyka s Mderati Mus-
tos borokat lltanak el. A kzeli almaszegi Termszeti
Rezervtumban az orszgban egyedlllnak szmt az
itt honos atlanti-mediterrn nvny, a Corynephorus
conescens. A imian s Vad tavakon sporthalszati
lehetsg is nylik.
Az egyik legrtkesebb turisztkai zna, a
Flix-Mjus 1 balneris kzpont, mely krlbell 8 km-
re fekszik Nagyvradtl. Klnlegessge terml-, s-
vnyi- s radioaktv vizeinek tisztt s krl hatsban
ll, melyek hmrsklete akr a 49 C-ot is elrheti.
A kellemes klma s a nagy kiterjeds lombhullat
erdk nvelik a hely klnleges hatst. A komplexum
tbb mint 4000 ember elltsra alkalmas. 8 kezelsi 1
alapot knl, othhont ad egy regenerl krhznak,
szmos hotelnek, szrakozhelynek s tteremnek. 2
Camping, szmedence, sportplya emelik a krnyezet
sznvonalt. A kezelkzpontok elektroterpis, kine-
toterpis, hidroterpis, aeroszolos berendezsekkel,
masszzsszalonokkal, parafinos pakolsokra alkal-
mas termekkel vannak elltva, gy a szolgltatsok
b vlasztkt nyjtjk legfkppen a reumatikus,
ngygyszati s neurolgiai problmk kezelsre. A
pspkfrdi nvny-, s llatvilg ritkasgai, a vdett
Ltuszvirg (Nymphaea lotus thermalis), csiga (Melano-
psis parreysii Muhlfeld), racovitai piros hal (Scardinius
erythrophtalmus racovitzai) is szmos turistt vonz.
A Pece-t (termeszetvdelmi terlet) az egyetlen term-
szetes terml koszisztma Eurpban.
A tenkei Balneoterpia-kzpont 36 km-re
Nagyvradtl, a Fekete-Krs mellett hzdik. Tbb
gygyhats, termszetes svnyvzforrssal rendel-
kezik, melyek nyugtat bioklimatikus hatsuk miatt
szles krben ismertek. A kzvetlen kzelben tallhat
Goronistei Nrcisz Rt (termszetvdelmi terlet) szin-
tn fontos turisztikai ltvnyossgnak szmt.

3 4
1. trandul cu valuri din Bile 1 Mai (cel mai
vechi din Romnia~ 1835) / The pool with arti-
ficial waves in 1Mai (the oldest in the country)
/ A pspkfrdi (Mjus 1) hullmfrd
(Romnia legrgibb ilyen jelleg, mai is
mkd ltestmnye ~1835)
2. Aqua President
3. Bile Felix - trandul Felix/ Felix pool / A
flixfrdi Felix-strand
4. Aqua President
5. Bile Felix - trandurile cu ap termal Apolo
(1896) i Felix / The thermal water swiming
resorts in Felix spa Apolo (1896) and Felix
/ Az Apoll- (1896) s Felix termlstrandok
6. Bile 1 Mai - trandul Venus/ Venus swimming
resort / A pspkfrdi Venus-strand
7. Bile Felix - trandul cu ap termal Apolo
(1896) / The thermal water swiming resort
in Felix spa Apolo (1896)/ Az Apoll(1896)
termlstrand
8. Bile Sarcu / Sarcu Spa / Szarki termalfrd
9. Scldat pe malul Criului Negru, la Ginta /
Bath at the Crisul Negru river at Ginta / Gyantai
frdzs a Fekete Krsn
10. Scldat pe malul Criului Repede, la Oradea/
Bath at the Crisul Repede river at Oradea /
Frdzs a Sebes Krsn, Nagyvradon

196
5

6 7

9 10
 Colecii muzeale /
Museum Collections /
Mzeumi gyjtemnyei
1. Salonta - Nagyszalonta (Arany Porta); Slacea -
Salacs; 3. Salonta - Nagyszalonta (Arany Jnos);
4. Izbuc (Burta Marian); 5. Scueni - Szkelyhd;
6. Galopetreu - Glospetri; 7. Chicu (Flutur);
8. Curtuieni - rkrtvlyes; 9. Beiu - Belnyes;
10. Remetea - Magyarremete; 11. Cefa - Csffa;
12. Tinca - Tenke; 13. Valea lui Mihai - rmihaly-
falva; 14. imian- rsemjn

1
3

198
7 8 9

10 11

12 13 14
Moara de la Sud / The water mill from Sud / A szdi vzimalom