Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

Ț
Wrkjf`tdrfd j ejafbsjkbdrfd sjstfauluj ef prkpulsjf dl ubuj
dutkturjsa flf`trj`

Ejafbsjubjlf prjb`jpdlf ?



Lubmjafd tktdlĀFD114=57
LĀȞjafd tktdlĀ
588: ^aaQ >
^aaQ >
 ÂbĀlȞjafd E 1 45:8 ^aaQ >
 Dapdtdafbtul L 1 3=70 ^aaQ >
 Fb`drtdafbtul hdȞĀ C 1 45:9 ^aaQ >
 Fb`drtdafbtul spdtf C4 1 45:9 ^aaQ >
 Mdred ld skl @ 1 377 ^aaQ >
 @kbskld hdȞĀ H 1 :53 ^aaQ >

Sdzd lkbmjtuejbdlĀ ef trf`frf τ

 @kbskld spdtf M 1 4735 ^aaQ >

Sdzd trdbsvfrsdlĀ ef trf`frf τ

 1 6677 ^aaQ >
 4 1 3977 ^aaQ >

Xjtfzd adxjaĀ dekptdtĀ ? X 1 4:7 ^^na/iQQ >

adx

Adsflf ?
 Adsd dutkakcjluluj 1 4577 ^nmQ >
 Adsd prkprjf 1 4568 ^nmQ >
 Adsd tktdld adxjad 1 4:97 ^nmQ .

Dekpt Āa vjtfzd tdbmfbĀȞjdlĀ X fmdlĀ `u vjtfzd adxjaĀ X , dej`Ā X 1 X 1 4:7 ^na/iQ .

U ADY U Adx

Pf45777
dekptĀef rktdȞjj
ub aktkr flf`trj`. Dlfmfa
pf ajbut pfbtruturdȞjd
prkpulsjf
“ b “ ef1 47777
`urfbt^rpaQ
dltfrbdtjv `u turdȞjd “ b “ âbtrf :777 Țj
.
Dlfmfa ubmijul ef âb`ljbdrf δ 1 07· .
HkrȞd ef rfzjstfbȞĀ ld ruldrf H 1h√M  √ `ks ∑ ↓ H  1 7,748 √4:97 √:,94 √ `ks07·138: ^BQ .
Âb `drf M fstf mrfutdtfd tktdlĀ d dutkakcjluluj , M 14:97 √:,9414:530,9 B , jdr h fstf
`kfhj`jfbtul ef rfzjstfbȞĀ ld ruldrf , `uprjbs âbtrf ? 7,746 Țj 7,749 .
Akafbtul
↓ A 1=4,ef=78rfzjstfbȞĀ
^B √aQ . ld ruldrf A 1 H √r ↓ A  138: √388,66 ↓ A  1=4=76,: B √^aaQ
Vbef r fstf rdzd ef ruldrf d rkȞjlkr dutkakcjluluj , fd dvãbe vdlkdrfd ef 388,66 ^aaQ .
Dlfmfa pfbtru dutkakcjlul bkstru uraĀtkrul tjp ef pbfu ? 4:6/86 S46 .
EftfrajbĀa âbĀlȞjafd pbfuluj ? 7,86 √4:61438,=6 ^aaQ .
EftfrajbĀa ejdaftrul odbtfj ? 46 √36,5 1 094 ^aaQ .
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Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

EftfrajbĀa rdzd afejf d âbĀlȞjajj pbfuluj ? 7,8 √438,=6 1 =8,76 ^aaQ .

EftfrajbĀa rdzd odbtfj ? 094⁅3 1 4:7,6 ^aaQ .
D`ua
r14:7,`Ā6=8,
da eftfrajbdt
761388,66rdzd ^aaQodbtfj . Țj rdzd afejf d pbfuluj putfa eftfrajbd rdzd ef ruldrf d rkȞjj
HkrȞd
:=44,:ef^BQrfzjstfbȞĀ
.
ld ur`drfd pdbtfj , bktdtĀ `u H 1 M √ sjb ∑ ↓ H  14:530,9 √ sjb07· ↓H  1
HkrȞd
4,73= ef, jdrrfzjstfbȞĀ ld d``flfrdrf
 drf k vdlkdrf
 `uprjbsĀ, bktdtĀ
âbtrf 7,`u3 ȚjH7,15 ^a/s
 √ ε √  , ubef ε 147,774 √ j  1
3 Q.

Sdpkrtul tktdl ef trdbsajtfrf j 17,0== √  ↓ j 17,0== √

√   √, √  16,39 .
 
, 
H 1 , √ 4,73= √7,5 ↓ H  1 940,09^BQ .
HkrȞd ef rfzjstfbȞĀ
fxfr`jtdtĀ dsuprd ubujd dfruluj , H sf efeu`f
`krp âb ajȚ`drf ? plf`ãbe ef ld prfsjubfd ejbdaj`Ā d dfruluj , q ,
q 1  √ τ √ α  ↓q 1  √ 4,3 √63,==  ↓ q 1 48=7,9  √s .
τ 1 4,3 ld tfapfrdturd ef 37 · jdr 4:7 ^na/iQ 1 63,==^ a/sQ .
Vbef τ fstf efbsjtdtfd dfruluj âb ^nm/a Q Țj α fstf vjtfzd ef efpldsdrf d `krpuluj âb ^a/sQ .
0

D`fdstĀ
ejrf`Ȟjf prfsjubf
`f `kjb`jef
pfrpfbej`uldrĀ pfmfbfrfdzĀ`u dxd
ejrf`Ȟjd pf KsuprdhdȞd
x
efpldsĀrjj, prkpkrȞjkbdlĀ
?
`krpuluj k hkrȞĀ `u drjdef rfzjstfbȞĀ
suprdhfȞfjpfsf`Ȟjubjj
ejrf`Ȟjd eftrdbsvfrsdlf
âbdjbtdrf ,
H 1 @ √ D √ 43 √ τ √ α  ↓ H 1 7,3= √3,354 √ 4 √4,3 √ 63,==  1
3
14747,: ^BQ .
Vbef @ fstf `kfhj`jfbtul dfrkejbdaj` ef rfzjstfbȞĀ d dfruluj , `drf pfbtru akeflul ef adȚjbĀ dlfs
drf vdlkdrfd ef 7,3= , jdr D fstf drjd hrkbtdlĀ `drf drf uraĀtkdrfd fxprfsjf ? D  1C √E ↓ D  1
4,5:9 √4,5:813,354 ^aQ , E rfprfzfbtãbe âbĀlȞjafd dutkakcjluluj jdr C fb`drtdafbtul sĀu .
Sfd`Ȟjubjlf
pub`tflf D Țjbkradlf
C , dsthfldlfâb`ãtskluluj
?
dsuprd rkȞjlkr , _ Țj _ , sf eftfrajbĀ ejb f`udȞjjlf ef akafbtf âb
4 3

_ 1 c √ M H √ i  M √ h √ r
1 4064,L 6 √ 4:530,94747,: √377 3=704:530,9 √7,7748 √388,66 1 :805 ^BQ .
_ 1 (Lc)√ M HL√ i  M √ h √ r
1 4064,6 √ 4:530,94747,: √377 3=70
4:530,9 √7,7748 √388,66

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Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

1 :805 ^BQ .
_ 1 ML√c 1 4:530,3=70 9 √4064,6 1 :=44,: ^BQ .
_ 1 M √ (Lc) 4:530,9 √4064,6
L 1 3=70 1:=44,: ^BQ .
ξ 1 M_ 1 4:530,
:805 1 7,5:6 .
9
ξ 1 M_ 1 4:530,
:805 9 1 7,5:6 .
HkrȞd ef trd`Ȟjubf ld rkdtĀ ld ur`drfd pdbtfj, H , drf uraĀtkdrfd rfldȞjf ?
a

H 1 H  H 1 38:  4744 1 4397 ^BQ .

Akafbtul fhf`tjv dl aktkruluj ld ur`drfd pdbtfj , A , drf uraĀtkdrfd rfldȞjf ?
f

A 1 jH√ √rν ↓ A 1 4397 √7,38866

6,39 √ 7,:5 ↓ A 189,=5 ^B √aQ .
HkrȞd ef trd`Ȟjubf adxjaĀ d dutkakcjluluj `u pubtfd aktkdrf âb hdȞĀ , fstf ljajtdtĀ ef defrfbȞĀ
H 1 ψ √ _ 1 7,96 √ :805 1 949:^ BQ .
ld vdlkdrfd ?

0
Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

CjldbȞul ef trd`Ȟjubf ld efpldsdrfd pf krjzkbtdlĀ `u vjtfzĀ `kbstdbtĀ drf uraĀtkdrfd fxprfsjf ?

H 1 h √ M   N 40√v ↓ H 1 988,5 ^BQ .
N √v 13=95,8 √7,01906,5 .
N 1 n √ D  1 7,406 √3,354 1 7,0 .
n 1 ` √ τ 1 7,6 √ @ 1 7,6 √ 7,3= 1 7,406 .
v 1 63,==  13=95.8  .
A 1 jH√ √rν ↓ A 1 988,6,359√7√ ,7,38866
:5 1 58,60 ^B √ aQ .
CjldbȞul ef putfrf dl dutkakcjluluj ?
D`fst cjldbȞ drdtĀ akeul ef rfpdrtjzdrf d putfrjj fhf`tjvf d aktkruluj sjstfauluj ef
prkpulsjf , W , âbtrf ejhfrjȞjj `kbsuadtkrj ef ld bjvflul dutkakcjluluj , âb ejhfrjtf `kbejȞjj ef
f
fxplkdtdrf. Âb `dzul `fl hkraĀ
putfrf drf uraĀtkdrfd adj mfbfrdl
? , fxprjaãbe tfrafbjj “ putfrjj “ âb ^n]Q , f`udȞjd cjldbȞuluj ef
W 1 W  W  W  W  W ^n]Q.
tr ajsjf d sjstfauluj ef
Âb d`fdstĀ, dej`Ā
prkpulsjf
f`udȞjf? , W sfabjhj`Ā putfrfd pjfreutĀ âb pdrtfd ef trdbs
W 1 (4ν) √ W ↓ W 1 (47,:5 )√4=,58 1 4,75 ^n]Q .
W hjjbe putfrfd fhf`tjvĀ d aktkruluj Țj ν
f  hjjbe rdbedafbtul trdbsajsjfj .
Ufrafbul W Ȟjbf sfdad ef putfrfd pjfreutĀ pfbtru âbvjbmfrfd rfzjstfbȞfj ld ruldrf ?

W 1 H47 √v 1 h √ M 47√ `ksδ


√v↓ W 1 38: √63, == 145,4: ^n]Q .
47
Âb `drf M fstf mrfutdtfd dutkakcjluluj fxprjadtĀ âb ^BQ Țj v fstf vjtfzd d`fstujd , âb ^a/sQ .
VraĀtkdrflf ekuĀ`kbsuadtĀ
rfpsf`tjv putfrfd `kapkbfbtfld d``flfrdrf
ejb f`udȞjf? rfprfzjbtĀ putfrfd `kbsuadtĀ ld ur`drfd pdbtflkr ,
W 1 M √ sjbδ  1
√v 4:530,9 √ sjb07· 
√63,== ↓ W 1643,6 ^n]Q .
W 1 Mm47√ ε47√v √ evet 1 940,947479 √63,== ↓ W 153,:3 ^n]Q .
Wutfrfd pjfreutĀ edtkrjtĀ rfzjstfbȞfj dfruluj , Ȟjbãbe sfdad Țj ef d`Ȟjubfd vãbtuluj vd hj ?
W 1 N √47v √v 1 4747,47: √63,== ↓ W 1 60,06 ^n]Q .
Eftfrajbdrfd putfrjj aktkruluj ejb sjstfaul ef prkpulsjf dl dutkakcjluluj ?

5
Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

Ldef dutkakcjlf
ld f`udȞjd , putfrfdefbkajbdlĀ
cjldbȞuluj putfrf d aktkruluj
ld vjtfzd sjstfauluj
adxjaĀ ef ef prkpulsjf
efpldsdrf pf kb, W , sfkrjzkbtdlĀ
Țksfd eftfrajbĀ, pkrbjb
âb e
stdrf
cubĀ , bfmljoãbe jbhlufbȞd vãbtuluj .
W 1 (4ν) √ W  h √ 47M √ v  N47√v ↓
W 1 (47,:5 ) √ W  48577 47  47 ↓
7,0 √63,== 

@kbsjefrãbe k W 17,ef78putfrf
rfzfrvĀ √ W  87, 59 ↓pkrbjrjj
bf`fsdrĀ 7,:5 √W ef pf187,lk`59, prf`ua
↓ W  185,
Țj 05 ^n]Qubkr
âbvjbmfrjj . rfzjstfbȞf
dlfdtkrjj sf jbtrkeu`f bkȞjubfd ef `kfhj`jfbt ef utjljzdrf d putfrjj , bktdt n Țj efhjbjt dsthfl ?
up

n 1 WW 17,: ý7,:6 ,âl dlfmfa 7,:6 .

Dsthfl kcȞjbfa f`udȞjd putfrjj bkajbdlf ?
W 1 0,8 √ 47v√ ν √ n √  h √ M  N √v40 
↓
W 1 0,8 √ 47 4:7
√ 7,:5 √ 7,:6 √ 047, = 9 7,0 √4:7   ↓ W 17,76: √4450,9 ↓W 
40
1 8=,87 ^n]Q .

Dlfmfrfd cdtfrjjlkr ef d`uauldtkdrf?

@kbsjefrãbe tfbsjubfd ef dljafbtdrf d aktkruluj flf`trj` âbtrf 007-067 ^XQ, sf drf âb
vfefrf dlfmfrfd uraĀtkdrflkr tjpurj ef d`uauldtkrj?
4. Wluac ‐ D`je >
3. Bj`ifl ‐ @deaju >
0. Ljtju ‐ Jkb .
D`uauldtkdrflf Wluac ‐ D`je?
@kbsjefrãbe tfbsjubfd ef 3,4 ^XQ ^XQ

007 1 46=,pf45k `flulĀ , ld k tfbsjubf d aktkruluj flf`trj` ef 007

vka dvfd bfvkjf ef?

3,4 ef `flulf âbsfrjdtf .

Ld k putfrf d aktkruluj ef =7 ^n]Q rfzultĀ `Ā dvfa bfvkjf ef?

6
Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

K adsĀ d d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 484=7777 ^]Q

^]i/nmQ 1505,=9 ^nmQ >
=7777 ^]Q 1473,75 ^lQ .
șj ub vklua dl d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 898 ^]i/lQ
D`uauldtkdrflf Bj - @e?
@kbsjefrãbe tfbsjubfd ef 4,0 ^XQ
vka dvfd bfvkjf ef?
pf k `flulĀ , ld k tfbsjubf d aktkruluj flf`trj` ef 007 ^XQ
007
4,0 1 368 ef `flulf âbsfrjdtf .
Ld k putfrf d aktkruluj ef =7 ^n]Q rfzultĀ `Ā dvfa bfvkjf ef?

K adsĀ d d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 37:=7777 ^]Q

^]i/nmQ 1 006 ^nmQ >
=7777 ^]Q 1 474 ^lQ .
șj ub vklua dl d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 898 ^]i/lQ
D`uauldtkdrflf Lj-J?
@kbsjefrãbe tfbsjubfd ef 0,= ^XQ
vka dvfd bfvkjf ef?
pf k `flulĀ , ld k tfbsjubf d aktkruluj flf`trj` ef 007 ^XQ
007
Ld k putfrf d aktkruluj ef0,=7 = 1^n]Q 9:,4rfzultĀ
ef `flulf`Ā dvfa
âbsfrjdtf
bfvkjf. ef?
K adsĀ d d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 386=7777^]Q ^]i/nmQ 1385,46 ^nmQ >
șj ub vklua dl d`uauldtkrjlkr ef ∸ 8=8 =7777 ^]Q 1470,66 ^lQ.
^]i/lQ
Ejb aktjvf âbf`kbkaj`f
ejafbsjkbd hub`Ȟjf efvka
tjpuldlfmf
adȚjbjj?skluȞjd ef cdtfrjj ef d`uauldtkdrf Lj -J Țj lf vka mrupd Țj
 Pf mrupfdzĀ DekptĀa
`ãtf 5 `flulf
:3 efrfzultãbe
`flulf pfbtruakeulfd rfzultd
ef d`uauldtkdrf
ub buaĀr ? ef akeulf ,
hjx
:3 130 akeulf .
 Akeulflf sf mrupfdzĀ `ãtf 33 rfzultãbe 5 mrupurj ef d`uauldtkdrf ?
3033 1 4,75 mrupurj .
Ptdcjljbe
sĀ k`upf ubk lĀȞjaf
vkluaejspkbjcjlĀ
ef 474 ljtrj,efdej`Ā
4 aftru474pfbtru mrupul ef d`uauldtkrf Țj Țtjjbe `Ā d`fstfd trfcujf
^ea Qvka stdcjlj?
0

7,47414√7,3√7,676⇓ K lubmjaf ef 7,676 ^aQ Țj k âbĀlȞjaf ef 7,3 ^aQ .

ejbȞdtĀ Sfeu`tkrul aktkruluj
`u edbturj erfptf flf`trj` ,`kbȞjbf
sdu âb`ljbdtf dvãbe ububrdpkrt
dbmrfbdo `kapus ejbtr`uprjbs
ef trdbsajtfrf -ub pjbjkb Țj k rkdtĀ
âbtrf 3 Țj 0 .
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Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

pkdtf Wfbtru `dl`ulflf

eftfrajbd ld ef drckrfluj
bjvflul prfejafbsjkbdrf
aktkruluj d rfeu`tkruluj
, `u doutkrul ,bkakmrdafj
akeulul bkradl
ejb dl rkȞjlkr ejbȞdtf
uraĀtkdrfd hjmurĀ sf,
âb hub`Ȟjf ef `uplul d`fstujd , A , fxprjadt âb ^edB √ aQ .
f

, pfbtruXdlkrjlf rf`kadbedtf
dutkturjsaf sf prfhfrĀdlfvdlkrjlf
akeululuj subt `flf( `drfâb zkbd
jbhfrjkdrf pfrajt`uprjbsĀ âbtrf mdcdrjtuluj
aj`Țkrdrfd
`f pfbtru dutkcuzf , `dajkdbf sf vkr utjljzd vdlkrjlf supfrjkdrf dlf akeululuj .
`flf ekuĀ ljbjj) , âbmrkdsf
tjap

J subt `flfXdlkrjlf
prfhfrdtf
stdbedrejzdtf
, edr pfbtrudlfdutkturjsaf
akeuluj bkradl
sf deajtf
subt prfzfbtdtf
Țj hklksjrfdadj
akeulflkr
oks . Xdlkrjlf
ef pf efpkzjȞjd
pf pkzjȞjd
JJ .

J 3 3,6 0 5 6 8 9 47 43
JJ 3,36 3,=6 0,6 5,6 6,6 = : 44

@kbhkra bkakmrdafj dlfmfa akeulul ab 1 3 ^aaQ .

EjstdbȞd ejbtrf dxf fstjadtĀ D∝ 138 √ ∟A ↓ D∝ 138 √ ∟5, 860 ↓ D∝ 1

50,5 ^aaQ.
BuaĀrul ajbja ef ejbȞj dj pjbjkbuluj z 1  √( ∓) √  ↓ z 1
 √( ∓,)√ · ↓ z 1 40,40 ejbȞj ≆ 45 ejbȞj .
tdbδh1 ·
 ↓ tdbδh1 · ↓ tdbδh 1 7,574 .
Edtf japusf ∸ δ 1 37· Țj γ 1 36· .
dr`tdb7,574 1 34,96· ↓ δh 1 34,96· .
sjb δh1 sjb 34,96 ·↓ sjb  δh 1 7,409 .
=
Mdjeur Ajidj

Mrupd 9075

ύ fstf `kfhj`jfbtul ef `krf`tdrf d edbturjj efpldsdtf ,âb `dzul bkstru hjjbe fmdl `u 7 .
Dlfmfa rdpkrtul ef trdbsajtfrf jr fmdl `u 3,6 .
z 1 j √ z ↓ z 1 3,6 √45 ↓ z  1 06 ejbȞj .
EjstdbȞd `dl`uldtĀ D 1 ( √
+  ) ↓ D 1 ( + ) ↓ D 1 65,55 ^aaQ.
 √,
Ejdaftrflf ef ejvjzdrf dlf rkȞjlkr ejbȞdtf e 1  √  ↓ e 1 ,√ ↓ e 1
07,9:^aaQ Țj e 1uzdtf
 √  ↓ e 1 ,√ ↓ e 1 ==,30 ^aaQ.

uradt ef trdtdrf tfraj`Ā .Țj trdtdafbtflf dhfrfbtf lkr ? 49Ak@B40Y `u trdtdafbt ef `fafbtdrf
Adtfrjdlflf

W 1 W ↓ A √ϊ 1 A √ϊ .
j 1 bb ↓ 6,39 1 47777⁅b ↓ b 1 49:5 ^rkt/ajbQ .
ϊ 1 χ√ 1 χ√↓ ϊ 1 4:9,0 ^rde/sQ .
A √ϊ 1 A √ϊ ↓5,860 √475=,4:1 A  √4:9,0 ↓ A  135,6= ^edB √a Q .
Edtf japusf ∸ δ 1 37· Țj γ 1 36· .

 δh1 sjb134,34,9966··↓↓sjbδh δh
sjbdr`tdb7,574 1 34,197,6·409. .
ύ fstf `kfhj`jfbtul ef `krf`tdrf d edbturjj efpldsdtf ,âb `dzul bkstru hjjbe fmdl `u 7 .
Dlfmfa rdpkrtul prfljajbdr j 1 3,443 ejb f`udȞjd rdpkrtuluj ef trdbsajtfrf mlkcdl ∸
j 1 j √ j ↓6,3913,6 √ j  ↓ j 13,443.
z 1 (∓),√· 1 40,40 ↓ Wutfa dlfmf z  1 46 ejbȞj .
z 13,443 √4513:,: ≆07 ejbȞj .
Dlfmfa rdpkrtul akeulul PUDP a 1 3 .

D 1  √(+)
√, 158,88 ^aaQ .
 √
ee 11 ,√ 100, 00 ^aaQ .
, 188,88 ^aaQ .