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Se manifesta prin:
dispnee (mergand pana la episoade de edem pulmonar acut);
edeme,
oboseala marcata,;
palpitatii,;
Hemoptizii, embolii periferice etc. datorita faptului ca este ingreunat pasajul
sangelui intre atriul si ventriculul stang, se produce dilatarea atriala stanga,
cu risc crescut de aparitie a fibrilatiei atriale si a complicatiilor sale.
Laboratory Examination
- ECG:
1) left atrial enlargement: P wave (II,V1)
2) AF
3) right ventricular hypertrophy
- X-film: change in cardiac silhouette,
Kerley B lines
- Echocardiography: M-mode, Two-dimensional, Doppler .
Tratamentul este medicamentos in fazele incipiente, si urmareste ameliorarea
simptomelor, controlul frecventei cardiace si prevenirea emboliilor in cazul
asocierii fibrilatiei atriale.
- Medical treatment:
Antibiotice, Diuretice and Digitalii
Antiarrhythmice Anticoagulant e
- Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty
( PBMV)
- Surgical treatment:
Closed approach mitral valvotomy
Open valvotomy
Mitral valve replacement
Insuficienta Mitrala
Definitie: înseamnă trecerea anormală în sistolă a unei părţi din volumul sangvin
al VS în AS datorită afectării aparatului valvular mitral.
Insuficienta Mitrala- tabloul clinic
Cauzele sunt aceleaşi, ca şi în stenoza mitrală.
Surgical valve repair or replacement - the preferred treatment for adults or children
who develop the cited symptoms. Even if symptoms are not very bad, the doctor
may recommend surgery based on test results.
A less invasive procedure called balloon valvuloplasty may be done instead
of open surgery.
Regurgitatie Aortica
Ankylosing spondylitis
Aortic dissection
Congenital (present at birth) valve problems, such as bicuspid valve
Endocarditis
High blood pressure
Marfan’s syndrome
Reiter’s syndrome (also known as reactive arthritis)
Syphilis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Aortic insufficiency may be seen on:
Aortic angiography
Echocardiogram - (ultrasound examination of the heart)
Left heart catheterization
Heart MRI
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
A chest x-ray may show left lower heart chamber enlargement.
Lab tests cannot diagnose aortic insufficiency, but they may be used to rule
out other disorders or causes.
Tratment
Surgery: repair or replace the aortic valve to correct aortic insufficiency. The
decision to have aortic valve replacement depends on patient’s symptoms
together with the condition and heart function.
Patient may also need surgery to repair the aorta if it is widened.
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD)
Disbalance between Myocardial oxygen supply and it’s demand = Myocardial
hypoxia and waste metabolites accumulation due to atherosclerotic changes in the
vessels disease of coronary arteries
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United
States for men and women.
Coronary heart disease is caused by the buildup of plaque in the arteries to
your heart. This may also be called hardening of the arteries.
Fatty material and other substances form a plaque build-up on the walls of
your coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to your
heart.
This buildup causes the arteries to get narrow.
As a result,
blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop.
Clinica: dureri anginoase tipice (retrosternale) cu iradiere în umăr, braţ,
interscapular şi o durată de la 2-15 min. În criză putem avea tahicardie, HTA, suflu
sistolic la auscultaţie. Datele obiective sunt sărăcioase.
Confirmarea diagnosticului
1. ECGrama
2. Ecocardiografia.
3. Coronarografia.
4. Cateterismul cardiac.
!Statins are prescribed to reduce the cholesterol levels in the blood. They stop
cholesterol forming and help to remove the ‘bad’ cholesterol. This helps to slow
the progression of CHD.