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6 mp Kg
p 10
3 3
D dm
Unde :
D[mm] este alezajul cilindrului
mp[kg] este masa pistonului, si prin alegerea valorii acesteia din tabelul:
Calculul fortelor si momentului motor indicat al unui cilindru se face tabelar. Fortele din
mecanismul biela manivela ce se cer a fi determinate sunt prezentate mai jos:
F=Fp+Fitr
F-forta in lungul axei cilindrului
Fp-forta de presiune a gazelor de ardere:
2
D
Fp p pcrt 4
(N)
S
R ( m) -raza manivelei n rad
2 s
30 -viteza unghiulara a manivelei
R
L ales anterior
K-forta in lungul bielei:
F
K (N)
cos ( )
Unde ẞ este deplasarea bielei, oblicitatea ei masurata ca valoare unghiulara intre axa cilindrului si axa
bielei. Pentru mecanismul biela-manivela axat aceasta are expresia:
arcsin( sin( ) )
Cu α transformat in [rad].
N-forta normala:
N F tan ( ) [N]
cos ( )
Z F (N)
cos ( )
T-forta tangentiala:
sin ( )
T F (N)
cos ( )
M-momentul motor:
M T R [Nm]
2
FA mA R (N)
i =144 care este si
perioada
Momentul motor rezultant:
i
Mrez Mj
j 1
Momentul motor rezultant se determina analitic
Mrez
M rez
med j ( Nm)
72
i
i-numarul de cilindri
Se poate verifica inca o data puterea motorului:
med 3
Pe Mrez m 10 ( kW)
Eroare admisibila: 5%
6.Diagrama polara a fusului maneton
Diagrama polara a fusului maneton serveste la verificarea sumara la presiunea maxima si
incalzire a fuslui si la incovoiere.
Diagrama reprezinta variatia ca marime si directive a fortei R m aplicata de biela pe suprafata
fusului maneton:
Rm=FA+K=FA+Z+T;
Valorile fortei Rm vor fi tabelate, calculate din 10 in 10 grade RAC, conform relatiei urmatoare:
Rm Z FA 2 T2 (N)
Astfel se poate stabili valoarea maxima notat Rmmax, raspectiv valoarea medie, Rmmed, determinate analitic
prin expresia:
Rm
Rmmed
j (N)
72
3981
60 0.2 515.04 - -1976 -608 -1930 -92.64 -438 -2024 3071.583 6510.855
2491
70 0.2 515.04 - -484.6 -55.7 -495.4 -23.78 -117 -498.5 5058.788 5687.1845
1000
80 0.2 515.04 407 922 -70.5 948.7 45.536 234.2 951.28 6488.001 5759.1003
90 0.2 515.04 1660 2175.4 -562 2175 104.42 561.7 2246.8 7223.623 6543.7675
100 0.2 515.04 2714 3228.6 -1368 3037 145.78 820.1 3331.1 7278.706 7610.4809
110 0.2 515.04 3543 4058.5 -2310 3478 166.96 980.9 4175.4 6778.331 8649.8833
120 0.2 515.04 4151 4666 -3229 3524 169.13 1035 4779.4 5904.248 9515.4444
130 0.2 515.04 4557 5072.5 -4019 3250 155.98 989.8 5168.2 4840.699 10162.177
140 0.2 515.04 4799 5314.5 -4627 2753 132.16 865.3 5384.4 3735.829 10600.951
150 0.2 515.04 4922 5436.6 -5051 2125 102.01 685 5479.6 2684.282 10870.363
160 0.2 515.04 4969 5484.2 -5314 1433 68.805 470.6 5504.3 1728.924 11017.911
170 0.2 515.04 4980 5495.5 -5453 719.1 34.517 238.8 5500.6 875.5543 11086.669
180 0.2 515.04 4981 5496.2 -5496 7E-13 3E-14 2E-13 5496.2 113.6553 11106.111
190 0.2 522.28 4980 5502.7 -5461 -720.1 -34.56 -239 5507.9 -570.8019 11093.903
200 0.21 544.56 4969 5513.7 -5343 -1441 -69.17 -473 5533.9 -1174.25 11047.277
210 0.21 583.57 4922 5505.2 -5114 -2152 -103.3 -694 5548.7 -1656.431 10938.05
220 0.22 642.44 4799 5441.9 -4738 -2819 -135.3 -886 5513.5 -1947.579 10725.268
230 0.24 726.11 4557 5283.6 -4186 -3385 -162.5 -1031 5383.2 -1960.84 10364.127
240 0.26 842.21 4151 4993.2 -3456 -3771 -181 -1107 5114.5 -1616.267 9818.3369
250 0.29 1002.4 3543 4545.9 -2587 -3896 -187 -1099 4676.8 -873.3074 9075.8495
260 0.34 1224.8 2714 3938.4 -1669 -3705 -177.8 -1000 4063.4 235.9555 8167.5869
270 0.4 1538.3 1660 3198.7 -826 -3199 -153.5 -826 3303.6 1585.33 7186.8371
280 0.49 1990.4 407 2397.3 -183 -2467 -118.4 -609 2473.5 2959.809 6296.5702
290 0.62 2662.6 - 1663 191.1 -1700 -81.61 -402 1710.9 4100.825 5679.2449
1000
300 0.82 3700.8 - 1210.2 372.7 -1182 -56.75 -268 1239.6 4800.292 5368.991
2491
310 1.14 5377.2 - 1396.4 688.9 -1245 -59.75 -272 1422.7 5053.904 5076.028
3981
320 1.69 8214.4 - 2838.4 1877 -2178 -104.6 -462 2875.7 5308.679 4321.8243
5376
330 2.66 13190 - 6608.1 5306 -4025 -193.2 -833 6660.3 6891.336 4036.4525
6582
340 4.32 21733 - 14220 12945 -6010 -288.5 -1220 14273 12544.76 9483.2707
7513
350 6.62 33582 - 25481 24902 -5515 -264.7 -1107 25505 24996.38 20064.606
8101
360 18.6 95334 - 87032 87032 -2E- -1E-12 -0 87032 92641.53 81421.761
8302 11
370 18.6 95334 - 87233 85249 18881 906.28 3791 87315 109739.8 81846.826
8101
380 9.48 48334 - 40821 37161 17254 828.17 3503 40971 60024.54 35960.586
7513
390 5.73 29021 - 22439 18019 13668 656.05 2827 22616 37296.64 18460.599
6582
400 3.59 17974 - 12598 8332 9669 464.12 2051 12764 23611.48 10045.211
5376
410 2.39 11778 - 7796.9 3846 6951 333.63 1521 7943.9 16406.86 7170.901
3981
420 1.69 8167.8 - 5677.2 1748 5546 266.21 1259 5815.1 12904.22 6758.048
2491
430 1.26 5958.7 - 4959.1 569.8 5070 243.36 1199 5101.9 11249.68 7148.878
1000
440 0.98 4542.7 407 4949.7 -379 5093 244.46 1257 5106.9 10323.99 7861.3148
450 0.8 3598.5 1660 5258.9 -1358 5259 252.43 1358 5431.3 9510.913 8729.5301
460 0.67 2948.4 2714 5661.9 -2400 5326 255.65 1438 5841.7 8536.454 9618.693
470 0.58 2489.8 3543 6033.3 -3434 5171 248.19 1458 6207 7346.86 10417.449
480 0.52 2161.1 4151 6312.1 -4368 4767 228.79 1400 6465.4 6008.091 11058.19
490 0.47 1923.7 4557 6481.2 -5135 4152 199.3 1265 6603.4 4627.085 11518.994
500 0.44 1753.2 4799 6552.7 -5705 3395 162.95 1067 6638.9 3299.2 11813.529
510 0.42 1633.6 4922 6555.1 -6090 2562 122.99 825.9 6607 2082.372 11977.046
520 0.4 1554.4 4969 6523.5 -6322 1705 81.844 559.8 6547.5 993.4161 12052.655
530 0.39 1509.2 4980 6489.6 -6440 849.2 40.762 282 6495.8 19.0684 12079.789
540 0.39 1494.5 4981 6475.7 -6476 2E-12 1E-13 6E-13 6475.7 -865.8507 12085.617
550 0.22 618.05 4980 5598.5 -5556 -732.6 -35.16 -243 5603.8 -678.3655 11189.55
560 0.16 309.02 4969 5278.1 -5115 -1380 -66.22 -453 5297.5 -884.4443 10812.999
570 0.16 309.02 4922 5230.6 -4859 -2045 -98.14 -659 5272 -1294.05 10667.002
580 0.16 309.02 4799 5108.4 -4448 -2647 -127 -832 5175.7 -1484.547 10400.163
590 0.16 309.02 4557 4866.5 -3856 -3118 -149.6 -950 4958.3 -1363.205 9965.5931
600 0.16 309.02 4151 4460 -3087 -3368 -161.7 -989 4568.4 -844.6384 9325.8493
610 0.16 309.02 3543 3852.5 -2193 -3302 -158.5 -931 3963.4 115.5685 8472.3058
620 0.16 309.02 2714 3022.6 -1281 -2843 -136.5 -768 3118.6 1485.544 7454.4528
630 0.16 309.02 1660 1969.4 -509 -1969 -94.53 -509 2034 3131.962 6427.5384
640 0.16 309.02 407 715.99 -54.8 -736.7 -35.36 -182 738.73 4818.409 5712.3685
650 0.16 309.02 - -690.6 -79.4 706 33.89 166.9 -710.5 6236.561 5732.8805
1000
660 0.16 309.02 - -2182 -672 2131 102.3 483.8 -2235 7069.276 6633.3688
2491
670 0.16 309.02 - -3672 -1811 3273 157.12 716.4 -3741 7071.81 8111.0372
3981
680 0.16 309.02 - -5067 -3351 3889 186.67 825 -5134 6147.594 9768.684
5376
690 0.16 309.02 - -6273 -5037 3821 183.4 790.3 -6323 4393.416 11312.101
6582
700 0.16 309.02 - -7204 -6558 3045 146.15 618.2 -7230 2096.678 12543.126
7513
710 0.16 309.02 - -7792 -7615 1686 80.952 338.6 -7799 -318.3779 13331.739
8101
720 0.16 309.02 - -7993 -7993 4E-12 2E-13 1E-12 -7993 -2383.076 13602.842
8302
Diagrama p-V
20
18
16
14
12
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Forte
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-20000 Fp Fitr F
80000 8000
60000 6000
K (N)
N (N)
40000 4000
20000 2000
0 0
0 90 180 270 360 450 540 630 720
-20000 -2000
K Alfa
Forta Normala(N)
Forte si momente
90000 900
70000 700
50000 500
Forte (N)
M (Nm)
30000 300
10000 100
-30000 -300
Alfa
Z T M
Diagrama polara
-10000
-6500 -1500 3500 8500 13500 18500
10000
30000
Z(N
)
50000
70000
90000
T (N)
Verificare moment :
Pe
Pi 141.176
m
i Mrez n
P'i 147.185
9550
Pi P'i
100 4.256
Pi
unde:
F Fg Ftr
cu
pg p pcarter
D
2
sin( )
(1.113)
M
4
R
cos ( )
pg ptr
Se defineste presiunea tangentiala echivalenta p t, ca fiind:
M sin ( ) (1.114)
pt
2 cos ( )
p g p tr
D
R
4
sin ( ) (1.115)
p tg p g
cos ( )
D2 (1.116)
Mg p tg R
4
Analiza armonica a momentului motor consta in descompunerea sa inserie Fourier. Deoarece
momentul motor aferent presiunii tangentiale a gazelor difera de aceasta prin constanta π*D^2/4*R, se
efectueaza analiza armonica a presiunii tangentiale a gazelor.
Cunoscand variatia presiunii gazelor din cilindru (din diagrama indicata), pe baza relatiei (1.115)
se obtine ptg ce se reprezinta grafic, dupa cum se prezinta in urmatoare figura:
Deoarece ptg este o functie de perioada , ea accepta o descompunere in serie Fourier:
ptg A 0g
A pg cos p c t Bpg sin p c t
p tg A 0g
p
A pg cos p c t Bpg sin p c t
p
2
c
unde:
Notand:
Cpg A 2 B 2
pg pg
si
Bpg
tan pg
A pg
ptg A 0g Cpgcos p p
p
La cresterea ordinului armonicilor amplitudinea scade, astfel incat, pentru calcule practice,se retin
numai primele 12 armonici intregi.
j 1
ptgjsin(jp )
Bpg
360
j 1
2
Ftr mtr R sin( )
ptr
D2 D
2
Apcos (p ) Bpsin(p ) cos ( )
p
4 4
sin ( )
Functia cos ( ) se exprima in serie Fourier:
sin( ) sin ( )
sin ( ) cos ( )
cos ( ) 2 2
1 sin ( )
Cum
1
2
1 2 sin2( ) 1
1
sin ( )
2 2 3
sin ( ) ...
2 4
2 8
relatia devine:
2
mtr R
ptr
2
B1tr sin( ) B2tr sin( 2) B3tr sin ( 3) ...
D
4
2 12 mtr R
2 6
D
M
4
R A 0g A pg cos ( p ) Bpg sin ( p )
D
2
Bptr sin ( p )
1 p 1
p 4
2
Amplitudinea armonicii de ordin p a momentului motor va fi:
2
2 mtr R
2
D 2
Mp R A pg Bpg Bptr
4 D
2
4
pentru p=1,2,3,…6
si respectiv:
2
D 2 2
Mp R A pg Bpg
4
pentru p=1/2,1,1*1/2,2……12
Cu acestea, momentul motor M aferent unui cilindru al motorului poate fi calculat cu relatia:
12
M Mp
1
p
2
p=1
1500
1000
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
-1000
-1500
p=1.5
1500
1000
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
-1000
-1500
p=2
1500
1000
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
-1000
-1500
p=2.5
12
10
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
p=3
1000
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
-1000
p=3.5
1000
500
0
-80 -500 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=4
400
200
0
-80 -200 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-400
-600
p=4.5
400
200
0
-80 -200 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-400
p=5
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
p=5.5
400
200
0
-80 -200 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-400
p=6
20
10
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
p=6.5
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
p=7
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
p=7.5
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-500
p=8
500
0
-80 -500 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=8.5
1000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=9
1000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=9.5
1000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=10
2000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-2000
p=10.5
2000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-2000
p=11
2000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-2000
p=11.5
1000
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720
-1000
p=12
1000
500
0
-80 20 120 220 320 420 520 620 720