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Pain includes not only physiological sensations but also our emotions,
behaviors, and thoughts; all of these experiences are interrelated.
Pain also includes the personal, social, and environmental influences
or stresses in our lives, including our individual characteristics, personality
styles, physical limitations, relationships with others, medical
care, and life roles, as well as aspects of our physical environment
(e.g., weather and climate).
People can have negative, unrealistic thoughts and beliefs about their
pain, themselves, their personal world (including their relationships
with others and life roles), and their future given their current
chronic pain condition.
Our negative, unrealistic thoughts about pain and other life events can
have a significant and negative impact on how we perceive pain sensations,
how we feel emotionally, and what we do when we are in pain.
There are identifiable types of errors in our thinking (or cognitive
distortions) that negatively impact pain.
The thoughts and images we have about our pain and life events in
the moment are related to underlying beliefs. There are three levels
of cognition about pain and life circumstances: automatic thoughts
(e.g., self-talk and imagery), intermediate beliefs, and core beliefs.
In cognitive therapy, we work on automatic thoughts first, then on
the underlying beliefs related to these thoughts.
Componentele durerii
Durerea include senzaţii, emoţii, gâ nduri, comportamente, şi influenţe sociale
şi de mediu; ele sunt experienţe interrelaţionate.
Senzaţiile durerii
Ce experienţiază fizic pacienţii care au o durere? Ce adjective folosesc pentru a
descrie durerea: lovit, înjunghiat, ars, împuşcat, dureros, pulsatilă , inflamat).
Câ t de des apare durerea? Câ t timp durează ?
Emoţii
Ce emoţii experienţiază ? Anxietate, frustrare, depresie, disperare etc
Gâ nduri şi convingeri
Catastrofare, nerealiste
Comportament
Ce fac câ nd am durerea? Unii se pot crispa/tresă rii, altii se pot aseza să stea
întinşi. Se pot plange altor persoane, pot lua medicamente. “Comportamente
de durere”. Aceste comportamente solicit atenţie şi sprijin din partea altora,
ceea ce întă reşte comportamentele de durere la fel şi dizabilitatea durerii şi
distresul.
Pag 45.