REFERAT

STIINTIFIC
BERBECE
RALUCA
9B
CUPRINS:
1.CONSIDERATII TEORETICE
2.PRINCIPIUL METODEI
3.DISPOZITIV EXPERIMENTAL
4.MATERIALE NECESARE
5.MODUL DE LUCRU
6.DATE EXPERIMENTALE SI
PRELUCRAREA ACESTORA
7.INTERPRETAREA REZULTATELOR
8.SURSE DE ERORI SI METODE DE
REDUCERE A ACESTORA
 CONSIDERATII TEORETICE
1. FORTA ELASTICA.LEGEA LUI HOOKE
Plastica(nu dispare)
Efect static al fortei =>deformare
Elastica/perfecta(dispare dupa
incetarea actiunii)

Δl=deformare absoluta
Δl=|l-l | 0

Δl~ F d

Δl~l 0

F d∗l 0
Δl~ s0
 2.GRUPAREA RESORTURILOR
a)in serie
b)in parallel
 PRINCIPIUL METODEI
Studiul deformarii resortului consta in a
determina legatura dintre cauza (forta) si
efect (alungirea resortului);
DISPOZITIV EXPERIMENTAL
Dispozitivul este format dintr un suport care
ajuta sa tinem resortul sau firul pentru a-l putea
deforma cu ajutorul unei greutati.
 MATERIALE NECESARE
-resort
-carlig,
-discuri cu greutati
-stativ
-fire de diferite lungimi
-cantar
-caiet
-masa dreapta
-pixuri
-rigle
-dispozitiv de masurare a diametrelor
 MODUL DE LUCRU
1.masuram L0;

2.suspendam carligul cu discuri de resort, fir;

3. Masuram L

4. Cantarim masa banutilor care au deformat resortul sau

firul.

5.calculam ΔL = L - L0;

6.repetam masuratoarea folosind alta forta deformatoare (6

masuratori);

7.reprezentam grafic

8.calculam m(g), l(cm), ΔL(cm),k , k⃗, 𝛥k⃗ , Δk, ξ ( %) , F( m∗g)

 DATE EXPERIMENTALE SI
PRELUCRAREA ACESTORA
1. l 0=13,5 cm d=1 cm
N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
r ( ( L m m
. g c (
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1 1
. 31.
740
. . 0
3 5 0 36.5913 0.982635 0.365913
2 1
. 5 .
9 5
. 10
2 5 0 38.7168 1.142865 0.580752
3 2 37.57394 0.83 2%
. 1.
50
7. 0
7 5 0 37.7685 0.194565 0.75537
4 2
. 9 .
1 5
. 10
9 6 0 36.06156 1.512375 0.901539
51 3
. 11.
760
. . 0
7 5 0 38.4879 0.913965 1.154637
6 1 1 4 37.81755 0.243615 1.512702
. 57.
 4 0
. . 0
250
K= 37.57±2%
N
E= 6458483.686=6.46*106 2
m

tabel grafic
0.045

0.04
f(x) = 0.0265091532069861 x
0.035

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6

N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( ) Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
N ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
. gc(
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1 2 3 0 51.4044 27.10 0.2570
. 6. .
 . 55
2 0
0
2452 0.65 0.4378
. 8 .
. 0
3 0
0 23.69115
3985 24.29 6.26 9.03 37% 0.9015
. 1 .
. 0
9 0
0 18.03078
4185 4.37 1.0957
. 1. .
155
. 0
7 0 19.92322
5118 7.79 1.3204
. 31.
4 0
. 0
6 0 16.50533
6111 8.07 1.6225
. 630
5 .
. 0
4 0
0 16.22574
2. l0=3 cm d=1 cm

K=24.29±37%
N
E= 9280.682078=9.28*106 m2
 Tabel grafic
0.12

0.1

f(x) = 0.0574817689958129 x
0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8

3. l 0=25 cm d=2.37 mm

K=65.69±60%

N
E=3723307.352=3.72*106 m2

Tabel grafic
0.12

0.1

f(x) = 0.0292172334796354 x
0.08

0.06

0.04
 0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
. gc(
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1820 0.8318
. 45.
. . 5
850
0 166.3776 100.68
2821 0.8367
. 56.
. 0
3 0
0 83.6793 17.98
3124 65.69 39.55 60% 1.7098
. 79.
4 0
. 0
3 0 42.74708 22.95
4236 2.4456
. 41.
9 0
. 0
3 0 40.72785 24.97
5 2 3 9 31.8389 33.86 2.8655
. 94.
 2 0
. 0
1 0
6331 3.1686
. 261
3 .
0
0
0 28.80573 36.89

4. l 0=55 cm d=2.42 mm

K=17.77±33%
N
E= 2125082.02=2.15*106 m2

Tabel grafic
0.35

0.3

0.25
f(x) = 0.0780002213754507 x
0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
. gc(
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1153 1.0496
. 08.
7 0
0
0 34.989 17.22
2168 1.4715
. 53.
0 0
0
0 18.39375 0.62
3161 17.77 5.94 33% 1.8972
. 961
3 .
. 0
4 0
0 17.24776 0.52
4271 2.2033
. 216
4 .
. 0
6 0
0 13.77079 4.00
5 2 7 2 11.72996 6.04 2.4632
. 561
1 .
. 0
 1 0
0
6382 3.0450
. 149
0 .
. 0
4 0
0 10.50008 7.27
5. l0=44 cm d=2.42 mm

K=69.17± 70%
N
E=6616939.764 =6.62*106 m2

Tabel grafic
0.14

0.12

0.1
f(x) = 0.0330267352277993 x
0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
(
. gcc
) mm
d ) )
e
t
1 7 4 0 147.7386 78.57 0.7386
.
. 545
. . 0
0
35
2 1 4 1 136.1628 67 1.3616
.
. 350
8 0
0
.
8
3 1 4 4 44.709075 69.17 24.46 48.51 70% 1.7883
.
. 880
2 0
0
.
3
4 2 5 6 36.624 32.54 2.1974
.
. 200
4 0
0
525 1 26.36928 42.8 2.6369
0
. 64 .
8 0
0
. 0
8
6 3 5 1 23.42326154 45.74 3.0450
3
. 17.
0 0
0
. 0
4
6. l0=11.5 cm d=2.42 mm
 K=83.19±9%
N
E=2080034.498 =2.10*106 m2

Tabel grafic
0.05

0.045

0.04

0.035 f(x) = 0.0124761322489221 x

0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3.0000 3.5000

N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
. gc(
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1711
. 52.
. .
3 5 73.87 9.32 0.7387
 2111
. 33.
9 5
.
4 91.17 7.97 1.3675
3112 83.19 7.64 9%
. 83
2.
. 5
2 89.37 6.17 1.7874
4212
. 24.
4 5
.
5 88.09 4.90 2.2023
5213
. 64
6.
. 5
3 87.08 3.89 2.6124
6314
. 16.
9 5
.
2 69.59 13.61 3.1314
7. l0=27 cm d=2.37 cm
N ML Δ K( N ¿ N
k⃗ ( )
N
Δk( m )
N
𝛥k⃗ ( m )
ξ ( %) F (m∗g)
m m
r( ( L
. gc(
) mc
d ) m
e )
t
1 1 2 0 213.27 86.34 1.0663
. 07.
8. 5
 . 5
7
2121
. 48
9
.
3 146.46 19.53 1.4646
3121 126.93 35.28 28%
. 98.
3. 5
. 5
6 126.61 0.32 1.8992
4222
. 39
4
.
5 115.02 11.91 2.3004
5233
. 70
7
.
2 90.64 36.29 2.7193
6334
. 11.
9. 5
. 5
2 69.59 57.35 3.1314
K=126.93±28%
N
E=7768774.312 =7.77*106 m2

Tabel grafic
0.05

0.045

0.04

f(x) = 0.0124761322489221 x
0.035
 0.03

0.025

0.02

0.015

0.01

0.005

0
0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3.0000 3.5000

INTERPRETAREA
REZULTATELOR
1.Comparea intre metoda grafica si cea analitica :
Metoda grafica este mai exacta decat cea analitica :
1 tabel : K= 37.57±2% metoda analitica
K = 2.65% metoda grafica
2 tabel : K=24.29±37%metoda analitica
K=5.75 metoda grafica
3 tabel : K=65.69±60%metoda analitica
K=2.92% metoda grafica
 4 tabel : K=17.77±33% metoda analitica
K=7.80% metoda grafica
5 tabel : K=69.17± 70% metoda analitica
K=3.30% metoda grafica
6 tabel : K=83.19±9% metoda analitica
K=1.24% metoda grafica
7 tabel : K=126.93±28% metoda analitica
K=1.07%metoda grafica

SURSE DE ERORI SI METODE DE

REDUCERE A ACESTORA
EROARE METODA DE REDUCERE
Greutatea afisata pe banuti Cantarirea banutlor pe
1 nu este cu exactitate balanta electronica pentru
. greutatea sa. a determina greutatea
exacta.
2 Firele si resorturile sunt uzate Folosirea unor resorturi,fire
. ceea ce duce la erori de lungime noi
3
.