Seminare

Ecuații diferenți ale

Păun Liviu,
Grupa 222
04.10.2021
Seminar 1
Def Fiend data f- I
punemca-defimybobied-ulmatematieneaeal.ie
.

.
.

) : D CR ✗ Rm → Rm ,
☐

diferemtialoi

¥ = e- It ,
X ) ✗
'
= fit ,
x) E- flt , x )

Def 9.) : I C- R → Rm I .
interval ,
am .

sohu.tieaecuate.ci deferential
dacia : -

Graph 9- I =
14,4411 ,
1- c- I } CD
-
9.) derivabila
-

411-1=7-14411-1) a- It c- I

B CRM barta / canonical ,

✗ =
IX. ,
. . .
,
✗ m) c- Rm
fl -

,
,

I =
ff , I -

,
•
1 , . . .
, Fml it) -

dxi
= tilt IX. .
✗ it) i -
e n -

sisters de ec deferential
dt
-
.
,
. .
, , .

41-1=191.1 , . . .

,
4m11)
'

Pt ) rsobifie Yi 14=41 tie .lt/,...,emltD

PB 1 Sie determine aorbele dim plan to tree
pain origine
se care
,

au
tangent
axek de
a-

cocos donate
in tie care punct PEG sie
dreptunghiul format dim
we
parable la axe Duse
phin P est
aorta
impa-st.it
'
de in 2
pa-oi.li de arii
egale .

g b

*
b
"" p
: -

ghaficuluneifundi.it explicit 1 a-

8=1411-1 ,
pith ,
1- c- I ] -

parametriozata
>
✗
0 T
P , / ✗ 0) ,
 ✗ 211-1
} 8 { ix. } implicita-
=
Fix
g) .gl
o
-
= > = : -

y= 131+1

fix, Aria / OPP ) :

Abia / OPR)
y
= .

[
✗

Aria / OPP , ) fix) / fizl

dro Fez, doz ✗
= = -

2 fjflzldrz =
✗ fix , (f) ✗

Fco)=o ltrec
phin origine )
ft ) derivabila lap
tangent I a-

2
fifty dy ) = ✗ e-HI HI ✗

Fie
gin
-
-

fifty dy ,

gin 291+1
⇐>

2gal g. A)
=
-
-
× .

eaeat.ie deferential-a scalara-

g.
=
⇐

e) ¥d× c. e
' em "
celn cir CER
gin
= c. = =
=
,

'
fix) R
g
= 1×1 = 2C ✗ CE
,

PB 2 Sci se determine a douce oiteza cosmica- vi. = ?

loiter initiala- care trdrui lansat un corp de

pesuphafqtap-amamtuluiai.aastasa-iasa-dimsfesadeatract.ipñmamtului
e
a we

Péemamt Newton
Legea
F=m

}
a I. a -
a

k
• NÉ Foglia de atrac.tief.k.m.it
→

d2
ed
M M
K
-

0 ma .
-

da
 ✗ it / =
distant a la momenta tfat.ci de central
piemamtului
'
v41 = ✗ It)
"
alt ) = ✗ It
K M
¥,
-

✗
"
It / = =

Ht)

¥
"
✗ =
✗ ( O) = R ✗
'
101 =
VI
,

5. V. schimbahe de roahiabila ' " '

✗
=y =y
=
, ✗

/y
"
y
'
=
¥
2- =/ ✗ I
if
¥)
7- It
High ly flt -21
= '
, , 2- =
,

2-

Modeled SIR al transmitoui epidemiiloh

11927 W 0 . . Kermack , A. G . McKendrick )

Aram o comuniTate uman a- Formato dim N imdiviozi

Jzbucmyte epidemic Populated impart categoric
'

o > se in 3 :

grupa I
5 a
susceptibilities de a contacta koala
celos infectate
grupa R a
-

cdosrefa-ai.li/imunizqti1Slt1.Ilt1,Rlt1=mr.imdivir-ilo9
grupa
- a

la momentul t
a = coeficientul de transmuter a bobi
rata
per capita de
dimimuareapopula.ti.ci susceptible
at = a Iit)

§
'

Deci = -
a I =] S = -
a IS

canlitateaaIS-nataimfect-ariilpopulat.io cake la moment ult

grupa I )
tree dim la
'

S
grupa
 '

I =
a SI -

n I ,
uncle MI = rata imunir-a-riildelaimfed-a.li la
imunizqti )
h = coeficientul de imunizare
'

:{
S = -

a SI
Wb Mai
simple model
I
'
=
a SI -
n I

5%1=50
Trebuie cunoscutñ situafia la un moment initial to { It to -
-

Io

poateaflaeoolu.tiaalterioaha-aboli sistemulpoatpentru
efimodific.at
→ se

a kea im considerate sie alte

aspect : -
vaccinatea
-
recontactarea Gobi

PB 4 Sci determine fundiile

se e- : R → R derivable , case verified
f- 1×1=31-1×1 H ) ✗ E R
'

*
Rot
'

7- CH -

3-71×1=0 it ) ✗ ER 1. e-

7- we -3×-3 e-
*
f- (X)
'

= o
*
) 7-1×1=0
* '
(e-
'
f in e- +

(fix, e- 3×11 = 0 = > (F) CER ai .

try e- :c

"
f- 1h = C
-

e CER
,

f :3-7 lim scalara-

'
ec .

↳ d×
fix, = G. e = k.eu

PB 5 Sie se determine functiiile Filoil → 19×1 derivable ,

care

1¥) ¥,
'
verified e- =
¢1 ✗ c-
10,01

Ret 1¥) fix)

'
f -
= ✗ ☒I ✗

✗ > ¥ e-
'
in
.

71¥ ) =
¥ a- I ✗ lil

Iie f- 1¥ ) -

try
gin
=

1¥11 E) tin 71¥) e- ¥-1 ¥-0

' '

1×1=7
g.
-
+ in = -
 (7) KER k
girl
we =

⇐s fix, .tl#1--k 71¥ )=¥I ,

121

d) sie 12) f- cry

'
.

¥ =
¥ F' a) =
fix)

I' =
¥7 ec .
lineata scalara-

/¥ d×
e%lm× ¥
e- a) = c. e = c. = cx e. her

cÉc.¥n=k ⇐>

¥2
⇐>
C2 =L fix, = CX CERT

PB 6 Iie -9 ) .

: R → R continua s.ie ✗ 1.1 :[a. b) → R de dasñ d

care verified X' 11-7=7-1×4-11 (F) 1- c- tails] Hal = ✗ Ib)

Atunci ✗ 1.1 este constanta
'
Roz '

✗ =
try 1.x

X' 12=9×1 .
×
'
/ fat

fablxitiidt-fab-fixitllx.lt dt
}
b

lab " ' " 't"

=/ Fixity 'dt
'

= + ltldt a

Fie Fil primitive bee =p, ,

.

o a
= Flxllr) ) -
1--1×1911=0

Sale
¥Idt=o
'

✗ 11-1=-0
✗ ( t) :c ,
CER
11.10.2021
Seminar 2
d-
a) tx
Sie
'
se

=
determine
2×+1-3 cost
sdeifia general pentru a- wimatoarele :

E- ec.afim.ci scalara-
'
tyo t >0 * =
✗ + t cost
pp
.

Ec afimaiscalasa ✗
'
= alt) ✗ + Alt) all , bit : I c- R→R cont .

Algorithm : Metodavariqtiei constantlog

d-
Considera- limiara asociata
'

ec . E = altlx

Serie sd cent)
generala- Elt =
,
uncle A' that )

2 "

nvariaria constante
.

A't )
Canta aol.de forma ✗ A) = cite

✗ 1. lool
't'
altlcltleAH-ibltl.at, et
'

(clue Atty =
=
. . .

Alt)
C' 11-1 = bit / e-

=/ bltle A't'
dt
-

Citi ✗ Ltl =
. . .

s Edt
Ec . lim asoc . ☒
'
=
f- E →
Elt = c. e = c.
edlnt = ctz ceuz

Cant sol.de forma ✗ 11-1=41-11-2

ÉCITIE it cost
'
✗ 1.) Dol (Clt) £4 =
-

c. It )t2 -12-1*1-1=2*1-+1-2 cost

C' 11-11-2=1-2 cost

C' 11-1 =
coslt ) cltksimttk , her
fsimtxklt
'
Xnltl
=

,
KER

b) tx Fet
'
-
✗ =

Es
¥
'
c) X
=
-1 ✗

2.
a) tx '
=
21-25×+4 ✗
1- +0 ,
pp to .

Bernoulli
* = strx -1¥ ✗ =
¥ ✗ + ztrx ec .
 Éc . Bernoulli ✗
'
= alt) ☒ + Gltlxd all ,
GH :ICR→R cont , LERYO, i}
Metoda variate'ei constantdos
Algorithm -

ec.liniara-asociata-F-altixsoiesol.yenoralaxltt.cc
1.
Considera-
A't)
, CER ,
Al .
)=ac ) .

2-
Canta aol.de forma xltl-c.lt/eAH1
AH
(cltle Alt ) / Alt)
'
✗ 1.1 Dd =
alt ) cltle + bit) dit , et

ftp.b/t1eld-MAtt1.c4tjdcq--bltiek-
C'

" ""
cdec.ae variable
separable vozi
alg
.

CHI = . . .
=> ✗It )= . . .

✗
'
=
¥ ✗ + 2tr✗

✗
'
=
¥ I ✗Tt1=ceS¥dt =
ce
" lnt
= ct
"

,
ceuz

Cant od ✗ It
-
-

41-11-4
" >
@ ltlt )'=4dtH at cattle
+

C' ltlt " -141%11-1=441-11-3 -121-3 Clt) => C' Itt =

¥ at

dc-dt-2-trcec.ae variable separable

d±dt = alt) -

bit act , bl I iIER→R

-

cont Io={✗ c- I. btx, +0 }

"

Algoritm blxt-oec.algebrica-sh-ada-cinix.az
Serie sol
,
. . .

2.
felt 4211-1=+2 ationcorel :X
, ,
.
. .

Pe Io variabitek d¥
"

separñ alt ) dt
-
-

n -

imtegsearza 18¥ ,
-
-

Saltldt
"

nod
Bin AHI CER
generate sub f.

impliata-imversear-a-ldaca-sepoatel-sx-llt.cl
-
=
+ C

"
nod
general a- sub forma-
explicita-
¥ =
Zero
 To station :O
Colts sol
asado
c=o -=O .

d-

fdtrc-lnt kchlt -l nt-ib.IE

are
=

I 5¥ =

her

{
✗ 011-1=0
✗ ltl-CIH.tt
✗ nltl-lnttkk.tt ,
KER

b) ✗
'
= -

¥ +
¥2
c) ✗
'
= ✗ cost -1×2 cat
3-
a) ✗
'
= +2+6×-41-411 are Sol 4011-1=21--3 ec .
Riccati

Riccatix-altlx-bltlx-c.lt/aihbt1,cinteghabila
c-1:Ic-R-RcomtLionvillexi--x2-
Ec

prim aeadratwri
'
t nee est
(F) lol ) .

sdeifie
Algorithm
s.vlsch.de war ) ✗ -

e. It) (HH ) sad a ec

y=
. .

ls.vdefimyteofd-yydupa-regulayltl-xltl-Y.lt ) )
⇐> It -1%11-1
✗
)=yH1
does Bernoulli
→ ec .

ing ee .
→
verialg gltk . . .

xltkyltl -1%11-1
5. v. =
. . .

✗
'

= 546×-41-2+11 Totti = 21--3

5.v.
y=
✗
-121--31
⇐> ✗ HI
ylH=
✗ 11-1-121--31
yltl -1121--3)
-_

lyltl -1121--3112 -161gal-1121--311-41-411

'
Sol
✗ 1.1
lyltl -1121--311 =

Y' 11-1+2=4611-1+21't -31gal -1121--312 -16gal-16121=31-41-2+11

2tyltl-cyt-4t-kt-9-ic.gl/t1+tt-h8-4tT-Hy'lt1--y4t1-i4tylH
y' 11-1+4 y Itt
-
>
-
+

--4ty+y
'

y
g- =4ty aol.genesala-igu-t-c.es#dt.ce2tZceR
'
→
 yltt.at/e2tyl-lsol--sfclt1e2tl1'--4tcltje2t2+c4t)e4t
cant sol de forma '

'

ett
'

C' IHEZTZ -141-14-621-2=41-41-1 e 4- + ict,

'

C' 11-1=041 eat

eat? i ec.ca war

xp
=
.

aol.stat.ionasa-dzq-ewdtfdg-fe-tdl-E-fotew.de
-
E- 0 >
=
c- o
-

Gti -=0

+
K ,
KER
l
cklH= -

, KER
got e2ñds+k

{
✗ 011-1=21--3
To #
{
=°

eztz
# I k ER
YK 21--3
= -

✗ kltk
fiends
-

'

+ b. got ezszds + k

5. V
xltkyltl -121--3

2xet-ezt-etY.lt/- etsolc1tx'-(2t+e1x-ix4t2- Oeolt -tsof4ait*- x-teE*-

b) ×
'
-
- i -

¥ e¥
ec.omogenat-qpp.to
-

Ec -71¥) cont
'

omogenñ × fi ) :D cR→R
-

ol
5. v.
y= ¥
4-1×1-1 ☐
s.v.def.ofct.yi.idupa-regulagltt-Y.tl
⇐>
xltttyltl
seeing cuwariabile separable alg
-
→

5. v
y ¥
-
-

yHt='¥ Htt -
-

④Hit
et't '
lyltl.tl yal
'
✗ 1. Isd
-
-
-

lt t-iyt.gl/t-e8'tiyYt1---fe8ec.aeoah.Dep
Y'
 deaf =
-

f- et
e8=o me are had ec.mu are had .

stationare
e-
8dg dzt f- e-
8dg 1¥ e-F- lnttk her
-
=
=
,

yltk-lnl nt-iklikc-RS.vxltl-yltl.tk/-1=-tbnl nt+kl,kc-R

b) 21-2×1=1-4×2
✗
'
{ It 121¥12 omogenñ
=
+ =
ec .

5-
Demonstrate'e prop cars
R
¥ all : I C- R →
alttblxl
To =/ Ef 1 but }
=
✗ *o
R R
bit
if a- →

-
PROP ~
Structure sdiifiei
1-
Bacci %)
d-
✗• c-
f ai .
61×01=0 : I → R 411-1=-8 este sol . aec .

Iie Bt )
primitive a lie ¥, Iyo ,
tie At ) primitive a bei all
Atwnci 41<1 Io Este sd (F) CE R ai BlatD= Altltc
I
Jo
: c- → a ec .
⇐> .
,

Dem ' '

Iie bl ✗01=0
✗• c-
f
9.) doe . aecdaca-esk-doievabilas.ie UH = AHI 6191141
.

TITI =_
Xo

0=1×01
'
= ? =
alt ) 614114) =
altlblxo) -0
-
✓

4=5 eel sol 9.) doievabila-s.ie

'
H1 : alt 1619141 -

→ ? D- I CER ai .
131411-11 = Attic ⇐> 13141141 -
Alt :c

dorioabilag.lt/- B'lYlt1 i4Yt1-A'lt1=btecty'tlH-alt1=alt1-btelt1

Fie 1319141 ACH uncle
gltl gil
- -
-

- alt) = 0
bleak
(7) CER ai
gltl
.
= C
 "

Yi -1 Ioc I ?> en sol

(F) CER ai 131411-1=-1-11-1-1 C
go
⇐ : →
u .

Pp . ca-ei.ie derive

¥ e' Itt ✓
'

1)
' -
Y 11-1 = alt ⇐> = altl blatt)
,,

Anat cai en este deriv ti Io

,
→
go
Fie to C- Io
,
✗o Mto) =
blxol =/ 0

Pp bad > 0
G.) continua
blxol >0
} =
> (F)
y ,
c- Dad ai .
61×1>0 4- I ✗
EJ ,

B' 1×1 =
¥, >0 c- I ✗ c-
f. Bl -

I est s .
oresc .

Bt ) imversabil.az B-
'
c- I derivabila

131411-11=-1-11-1 + C
18 oct 2021
Seminar 3
Ec. de ordin sup care permit
reducerea ordinului
IN 1kt " '"
1.
Flt ,
✗ , ✗ , . . .
. ✗ 1--0 the
'"
5. v. 'm b)

t-lt.y.gl ✗ H=
×
-

y
>
1=0
yet
-

y
-

,
= . . -
. . .
. . . .

"

¥)
2.
Flt , ¥ ,
¥ ,
. . .
,
:O

'm " Hi
614g y
" '

5. V. I
ye )=
=

ylxl
-

y
✗ -
→ -
ii. :O .
. . .

,
. .

3
autonomy
' n'
FIX 1=0
'
' "
× ,
✗ ✗ e.
, , . .

,
.

" "
1--0
61kg
'
-

gli
'
5. v. ✗c. I
=ylH y y
✗ → , , . .
=
. . .
=
.

,
. . .

↳
,tmx ) tip
'"
Fix ,tx ec.de Euler
'
.
-
-0
,
. .

'
) autonoma
s.v.lt/=e
Gly
'm

ya -0=>+1.1--0
'
→ :O
,y
,
y , ec
. .
.

Ec liniare de ord 2 cu coef constanți

bx
"
✗ tax't = 0 Ae a ,b C- R

Ec cahade-hisle.ca
.
: 14 at -16=0 1, tznadacini
,

" 't " 't

Dacoit HER Xz sol
general _a:✗lt1= a.cz -cR
-
, ,
Xi =/ . Cee + cze

general_a XItt-c.ett-iczett.ci,czeR
,

- Dacoit , :X ,
-
-
TER Sol .
:

- Dacia Xi :L tip , Xz= d- ip ,

p> o

XIH-cceehtcospt-iczettsigeneral
mpt.cncz-RAplical.ie
solgenoiala :

Sase determine sol . _a :

1. "

2tx (✗ 12
' '

× = -
l

x2
sty y ya
'
Sir → l
y=
.
.
= -

82-1
g.
=

sty
1- to .

Pp .
t > o
 y' Itg It § Bernoulli
-

=
-

ec .

day =
ya -1
2kg
{ T""
= -
'

stationary
'
sol
y -1=0 ya =p
→
y=± ,
.
-

I
yzltl
=

y¥,dy=¥ sy¥,dg= soft

8
lnlyz-il-br.tt
⇐>

but =
+ lnk KERF
't
KH KER
ly Kt
'
-11 K
yr Itt let
= >0 =
±
, ,
,
'

5.V. ✗
=y
tittle ttk ,
'
✗ = -
l >
=
-

'

✗ =
l xzltl it + Kz

✗
'
= I lltktl >
= ✗ HI :/ I ii.iktidt

2. 3
tx
"
= t -

✗
I ' m
-12×4=0
✗

4- 1×-5×112=0
thx "
-

Obsow-amca-xltl-osdut.ie .

Cant sol .
neidentic mule :X

¥
'

t? -

le - t -

¥1 =o

✗"t '

y=¥
'
S.v.
yltl
=

xltl
⇐
'lt1=yH1 Ht)
×

"
111

✗
ltl-yltlxltl-yltlx.lt/1:xH1
"
✗ 11-1 ✗it

✗ It
'

Y' ltltyct .

✗ It

=y'lt1+y4t
¥ ya
'

y +
=

Azadah t4y'+y4 -11-1-51=0

tag -1T¥ -12kg -1¥
'
l -0
-
-

try 2kg g. ¥ Ey afinascalasñ

'
: e-
ec
-
=
, .
 1- to .

Pp to

g. ¥ Ey
-

c.es#dt-.ce-2lnt-.f-zcc-RCautsoldefonma.yct1--
¥ g-
'

sol
g- =

gen >
g- (f)
-
=
. .
=

4¥
4¥
'
/ =
-

¥ "¥ -1¥
CYH 1-2-2 tcltl
= .
. .

1=4

cltl-t-k.be R
ylH=¥k ,
her

¥ ¥=t-¥ 1¥ -1¥ /
ec.lin.soalasaxltt.h.es/t-t&ldl=b.elnt-kt--=k,te-
' ×
y
s.ie .
: × :

¥
kik ER
,
,

5.
txx trip
" '
+ -
✗✗ =
0

☒ 12--0 Autonoma
6. "
✗* + ec .

( ¥-1 12--0 lay

Cant c- It
ylxltll
'
ai iltl
5. v. ✗
=ylH get
=
.

'

111
'
✗

'
11-1=-41×11-11 '

Itt
Y' 1×1+11 ✗ It
) Y' lxltll fixity
=
✗ . = -

"

x.jaiyrl-lylxl-oykllxytxi-ycxsj-o.is/fK'=-0Xty'A1-ycx--o
gal yal
✗ =
-

y
'm = -

8¥
es
dd¥ § lin
"

escalate
yin
= -
ec .
. :c

5- ¥d× ln×
§ ceR
-

=
ice ,

gance
HI :b , (f) KIER
5.v.
1--41×1 > ✗ 1--0 ×,
=
✗

✗
'
=
¥ ,
CER
 ¥ =
§ ✗ dx -
-
cdt Sxdx Scott -
-
¥ = d- + ce creer

✗ 11-1--1=121--1241
7.
autonoma
" '
+1=1*1
'

✗ ✗ ec
=yiH
✗
-

8-
Tx
"

+ stx
'
-511=0 ec . Euler

s.vlt/=es-.s(t=ebdaca-tsot- -esdaca-tcoPptso- st- ese2dHLes1+5eD ✗

'

led ) -5×101=0

5. v. f- ed 4-1×1-1 aol.ae .

def .
function ytldupa regula gesture 't
✗led/
'
Sv :
=yls) 111

DIED
"
test ed ☐
-
'

=L Isle
"
✗
y/
-

" " -2s

lest
y' Isle
"
b) e-
✗
=y
-

5e-sjlsle-d-b-yls.to
'
↳
-201
ency
"
is, e-
y Isle +
-

'b) O
guts) Y' 1st -15g 5yd)=
-
-

"
"
ec.limosdzcucf.at
'

y -14g -5g
'
=0 ⇐>
-14g 1st -5yd
lol -0
-

y
.

Ec ccoiacti
.
12-4×-5=0 l , -5

%
el 's e-
Ylb1=c ,

☐
+ G.
-5s
Gi C2 C- R
Cee cze
GIDI
=
+

✗ lest
lH=gllnt )
c- >
5.V. ✗
first
elnt-cze-5lmt-qt.cat
-5
> ✗Ltl =c
ce.ca ER
=

, ou

9 1-2×4 - tr
'
-2×-0 ec . Euler

s.vlt/- ed.Pptso- st=ese20Ece01-elx'leY-2xle9=oS.vt- e0lt1xc-1bdaec

def funiifia deep'a
 ✗ Ltl lent
'
5. v. Hell 111
yeol
-
-

'
'

y'
☐
X' testes is ) ✗
le9=y'cs1e- Ill
-_

't lsléb
e=y
"

/ sled
y'
"

✗ te
.
-

-2s
lest
-_y"le7 e
"
-20
✗
yysie
- -

-2° "
"b1e
ealy eligible
-
☐

y' (d) e- ) 2ylbl=O

-
- -

guest -2g
'

2y1H=O 1st -

'

g- 2g ago
-

"B / "B) Bls

{ yell
☐ -

Ec .
cahact .
I -2×-2=0 = >
Jbl
-
-
Cee +
e- v3
He't ✗ It ) ,aeR
girl yllntl
a
5. v. __
⇐ -
-

✗
ftp. ae/t+B)lnt+cze(d-F3llmtaec.,czc-R=c,t +B-cztd-B Cee Cycz ER
'• "
Ex "
-

3tx+4×=o
'

Tx -11-+4×-0
"
25 oct 2021
Seminar 4
'
✗ =
f- It ,
✗1 ft , ) -
: DER ✗ Rm →
Rm

Th . Peano E. L .
-

existenta- locala-
D= 5 ,
Fi .

.
.

) continua = > E.
L.pe D.
A) Ito , ✗ ol c- D (7) Io C- V1to) 13-19-1 i Io → Rm soe ca Vtol =
Xo

Th
Lipschitz existent.ci de unicitate locala-
Cauchy E. v. L
-
-
.
.

D= 15 fi local Lipschitz III D

E.
U.L.pe
.
) = >
, .

4) (to , ✗ •IED (F) I. C- Mto) (F)1.41.1 : Io → R sol ae Yltol -

-
Xo

Excl Ga se studies E.V. L a solution :

1- c- Q
{
' •
✗ =
214
✗ ( t) =
,

0 ,
t¢Q

~
exempla de ec .
dit care mu are E. L .
in niciun
parrot din domenici ~

Roz Iie fit ,

✗I
=
✗ It fail i
R✗ R → R nee este cont
deschise

Pp . Cai (F) (to ,

✗ ol c- R×R (F) 41-1 Io : C- V1to ) → R sd ca flto) =
Xo

41 .
) -
sd 9.1 doievabila →

→ Y' it / flt =
,
41T )) =
Ht) (f) TEI , 41to) = ✗
o

Darboux
Familia bei Dirichlet ✗ hmu are
props lui .
.

Th .
Darboux 4h dorivabila e 't ) are
phophietatea lui Darboux

{
l ✗ 20
ÉXCZ
-

'
X (X ) 0 ✗ O

Dgm
=
= =
,

l ,
✗ SO

~
exempla de ee .
dif care are E. v. Lin oria parrot desk ipotezeleteoremei
,

me aunt satisfacute ~

Rot Iie fit ✗ I A) F. Rx R R

sgm ,
=
,
-1 : →

}
Fie D= R TE Lipschitz
Cauchy
-
Th
-

ft , -11 , continual e constanta ) E- 0 L -

D -

Pe
local
lipschitz (e) ( die , const )
2. E. v. Lin Ho 01 , ,
to ER
 ? et ) :
I. c- Alto) → R aol.ca 411-01=0
? 9.1 I. → R 9.1 dorivabila Y' 11-1 Htc Io
ogm 41×1
: ca
=

L.in/to,O/?U.LPp.ca-p-19l-1iI-Nlto)-sRsofaeY.ltol--0&eY.l
Observant Yol -

1 : R → R Totti :O verified 411-01=0 E.

-1--1%1-1
4. 1.) =/ lol -1=0 > D-It EI , =
,
ai .
4. It e) to
Pp 4. Itil > o
doiewabila-s.ieiltl-sgmhltcv-ltc-I.t.to
e. i. I sd > f. it -

eiltot-sgme.lt /
→
0=0
sgm
=
.

t=t Yi Hel
sgme.HN l
→ =
-
-

derivable lui Darboux

'
e. i. 1 e. Hare
props >
=
.

→
pt Is c- 10,11 ☒ tie Ito , til ai .

Piltz/ =
215¢ {-1,0 } ,
e X

Exc 3 ✗
'
= 3×3 + a AER
Roz f- It , ✗ 1=3×3 + a ft .
.
) : R xD → R cont
Iberia
Th Peano. E.
L.pe R×R
±
gin g.)
= este local✗
lipschitz?
gun 2-3×-1 Zz # 1 este
'

g. pent c
.
=

guest local lipschitz pe it

fi este local
lipschitz let peR×R* Th Cauchy Lipschitz
,
.

, .

. -

→ E. U TE L R ✗
pe
-
.

local
lipschitz
'

gi )
c →

gli
.

*
Anétamiagi ) rue este local lipschitz in ✗ 0=0
Tz
sie dei Th
Cauchy ,
.
-

Lip mu
sepoate replica pe
RER

Def dacñ
gl
) : Gc Rm → Rm am
lipsditz in to
local c- G
.

(F) (F) L > o ig-CBsk.MG

9>0 ai
11gal gig
) 11 I
41kg4 4)
. .
-
✗
Trivers ✗ NU este local
lipsditzdaca :

(F) 9>041230,13) C- B Hoth G ai

y
×
,
.

, ,, ,,, ,

Lllxn
glhi.cl glyn.cl
" " > "
you
-
-

,
,

(F) MEN (F)

mignon 131m No) glynn / It ymll
✗ C- NG ai .
Xml -
>m " ✗m -

In →
Fm i L →m
)
(F) MEN (F) Xm Btm Hglxm) glxo 111 11am
C- IX.In G ai .
- > m -

Xoll
MEN )
lym ✗o
a- 1
=

} 0 G=R
=× ✗
gin
=
•

xmc-Be-mlolai.lt?nlsmlXm1IXm12tm?ilXmlLtmsCtm
?

T-iexm-m-s-2.U.L.im/to,o) ,
to ER , ✗
'

= 3×5 + a ,
a c- R

Ear xp .
.

Eo .
we variable separable
I c- R R
¥
all : →
alt GA) continue
To { ✗c- filth to}
= .

-
=

bl )
yep R
.
: →

~ PROP -
Existent,a sie unicitatea locala-
"
Ito ol c- (F) I. c- Vltol (F) % Io Yltol
Hi
try J sd
→ we
,
✗ :
.
No
2-
Ito (F) I. c- Vltol (F)1. % Io YIto.ro
Hi ol I
go food
→ we
,
✗ c- ✗ :
.

61×1=3×3
altl =L
,
I =D + a
J =D
{ ✗ c- 3×3 }
go RI =/
= + a 0

3×3
Ec
algebrica
.
+ a =o

daca a >o
ec.mu are tried
Yo R
-

→ -

dacé a co -
>
✗
3 = -

G- +2=1 -

§P = > ✗ =
-1-1--343 →
Jo : Ri {± 1--343 }
dacñ ✗ o raid
g. =R*
>
a o = →
- -
-
 Jntrebareaesk-lto.co/-cIxJo--RxJo?daca-
U.L.im/t.io)daca-aco?lto,o1C-iRx(R-
a> 0 ? Ito 01 ,
c- RXR Da → PROP →

U.L.im/t.io)daca-a--o 1- Esp }) { Da PROP

± → →

? Ito 01 R R* Nu Nurse
poateaplica PROP
c- ✗ -
>
, .

%
¥ =3 ✗ ec.ae war .

separable
✗ 3=0 → ✗ =
0 = > ✗ ft ) :O soil stafionasa
Evident × . /to) = 0

¥ ;
- dt ⇐s
fd¥ ,
=

Sdt ⇐ ✗ 1=1-+8 11-1=11-+813

→ ✗ GER

✗ 11-01=0 → ( to -1813--0 → b= to - = > ✗ 211-1=11--1-013

sd ✗211-01=0

}
✗ ii. 1 ✗ d- I xnltol
(1-0,0)
-

Nu
-

, →
are U.L.im
✗ ,
I -1=1×21-1
Exc 4 ✗
' =
5+3 ✗ -5T Th Peano
d
Roz f- 14×1=5+3 ✗ -
st Fi , .

) :iRxR→R continua E.
L.pe RXR
l
2¥ It ✗1=131×+51-1 }
-
l
. =
13 '

µ -
b- t) }
=

331×-51-12
Th
Cauchy Lipchitz
deschisa-lptdzesleimlipschitz
chioa-IT-1.ifptt/ }
-
.

D.
EU Pedi
este local in , eye;)
☐

Ahñtati coif me este local

lipschitz in It . ,5to) cuter
7. 0.L.im/to,5to1,toc-R
'
>
✗ =
5 + I -5T
'
=3
✗ -

5 d- 5T

lyltl It) -514

5. v. -5T ' >
was
y
→

y
✗ ✗ ec.ae
-

y sep
= - =
. .

41 )
=ylt1+5t=
.
=
. . . ✗It) . . .

✗ 11-01=51-0 ? → me are V. L .
1 nov 2021
Seminar 5
'"
✗ =
f- It ,
✗
,
✗
'

,
. . .
,
✗
'" "
) ft , -1 : DER ✗ Rm →
R

Th Peano .

superior) / E. Lt lpt.ec .
de Odin
D= 5 tmall.desdieoa-1.fi ;-) continua E. L.pe D = >

a- Ito xo xd
1 ✗ 't c- D 171
,
YEN / / funded care satisface
to ,
. . . .
,
"

o
' 'm " '
Vtol Y /to) xd Hol j
-

=
Xo =
. . .
e =
✗

Th
Cauchy
.

Lipschitz lpt.ec dyad sup) IE.u.LI -

.
.

D= I tmall.desdiesa-1.fi continua E. , -1 = >

U.L.pe D
Ito xD 't c- D 171 YEN /to/ → R solute
"
a- 1 ,
xo ,
. . . .
, ✗o ai
" " '
Y' Ito) / to) ✗on
'
411-01 xd
-

=
✗
o
=
Y ,
. . .
,
=

studiat.iposibilitateacagnaficdeadouasda.tn
Exc e
'

distinct sie fie

tangent tpt.ecuali.ie :
✗^
%
-1×5
' •

a) ✗ =
9 Yz
b) 5
;
"

✗ =
1- + ✗
" 5
c) ✗ =
1- + ✗ i
i
Roz 4, : I ,
→ R Tz : Iz → R 0
to
s
,
t

(911-0)--4211-01
= : ✗0
(F) t.CI ,
n Iz ai .

' y , , y y,,
,

4. 11-01--9
'

) / to
t -1×5
'

a) ✗ =

f- It ✗1=1--1×5
,
ft , -1 : R
-
✗ R → R cont local
, Lipschitz III
deschisa

Cauchy Lipschitz alto

Th E. U L RXR ✗ ol c- R×R
pe
- - :
,
.

(F) ! 9 I. Vltol .

): c- → R od ca Yltol = ✗o
→
* 191.1--1%4 )
t -1×5
b)
"

☒ =

[✗ 1)
"

is 4- It
'
e- It Ha , ,
✗ D) =t + ✗ =
,
×
,
✗
 Ftii :
R_✗Ñ → R cont local
,
Lipschitz III
desdiesa
R×R? @ 1 Ito / Xo ✗it )eR×R'
Th .

Cauchy Lipschitz
! 9 Vltol
- E. U L
pe
R od ca Yltol
-

, ,

(F) .

): I. C- → ✗o Y' 1%1=+6
-_

→ I 14.1-1=1%1-1
t -1×5
"

c) ✗ =

7- It
,
/ ✗ e. ✗ a. B) =
1- + ✗ is fi ;-) iRxR3 → R cont local
,
Lipschitz III
-

desdiesa
RXR? 4- 1
Th
Cauchy Lipschitz E. U L Italo ×, d) ER Rs
✗
✗
pe
-
-
.
, ,

(F) ! 9 Vltol .

): I. C- → R od ca YItol-xoelt.1-xoeyt.t.io

/
De ex tilt )=a .

tilted :b DA

a
-4
G
Exc 2 determine km
XIMEN soi
ns.aol.pos.alephdlemei
-

se
-

'"
✗ = 1-2-1×2 ✗ 101=1 , ✗
'
( O) =
2
,

Rez m -0
-

✗= 1-4×2
✗ 11-1=1-2 -1×41-1 Hit
1- = O l =
✗101 = ✗ 2101=1 OK

11-1=21-+2×41×114
'
✗

1- =D = > 2=2 I -2=2, . I

>
m =L ✗ =
t + x2

ec.Riccatimuesbimtegnalil.ci
✗11-1=1-4×41-1
'
pain cuadsaturi

f- 0 → X' 101=+40)
2 = e I K , :O

"

m = 2 ✗ =
1-2-1×2
211--1-4 ×? [x XD
"

7- It ,
lxn ,
✗ = -4 It ,
✗
,

cont local ldlñ 11

Lipschitz III
'
7- i. it :D ✗ R → R ,
.

descbisa
2

Th
Cauchy Lipschitz E. U L RXR :@ 1 Ito , Ho It )eRxRZ
= > ✗
pe
-
-
.
,

(F) 19 Vltol .

): I. C- → R od ca Yltol ✗ o Y' 1%1=+6 -_

to =
0 Xo =L to =2 T Kz l -
-
 1-2-1×2
"

M =3 ✗ =

e- It lxmx, ,x,) ft -1 ,
: R ✗ R' → R cont local ,
Lipschitz III
,

I.
RXR? µ , Italo xoi # ER Rs
Th
Cauchy Lipschitz E. U L ✗

pe
-
-
.
, ,

(F) ! 9 .

I .EU/tol-sRodcuYlto1--xoYlt.1=xoeYt.1=Xo
):

4- la (F) ! Yali : I. c- V10) → R solar Lalo :c Paid -2 biloba -

c- R

Exc 3 Sie se determine menu pt .

care (F) e- i. , -1 : R → R cont
,

local -1-+1-3 sunt sol ale "

Lipschitz III ai 4. Ltl =t e. HI ec × -1-19×1
-

,
. .

Roz m=o ? -9 .

.
-

I 4,1-1,91-1 sof ✗
=
-114×1
✗ ii. Idol

tiltl-flt.li/t1lv-1t.i--i.2t=-elt.t1t-it3=f1t.t+t31 *
* It

Fanatic e- 1. -1 ,
: RNR → R felt ,H=✗ verified * cont local , lipschitz
? -9
'
m=l .

.
-

l ai .
✗ =
flt ,
x )
Th
Cauchy
.

Lipschitz - RXR
E. U L
pe in /to ,✗o1ER×R
- :

(F) ! 9 I. Vltol .

): C- → R od ca 411-01=+0

? to
.to/--9lto1=:Xo-sL6to=tott
cut
? to → :O → ✗ 0=0

Nu 26
T.C.L.im/QO)m--2?e-t flt
,

"

,
.
) ai . ✗ =

,
x )
Baia (3) 7- til cont local ,
lipschitz
I]
glt.lxmkY-iflt.tn/Ix:glt.x
'

,
✗

cont local
girl Lipschitz
:RxÑ → R
,
III
Th
Cauchy Lipschitz R×Ñ :@ 1 Ito '
= > E. U L / Xo ✗ it )eR×R
pe
-
-
.

, ,

(F) 141 Vlto/ .

) :[ • C- → R od ca Yltol -_ ✗o Tito )=xi

2. to ai .
e. It ) . -421%1
-
=
:✗o → to → ✗ o_O

eiltol Pitt / -
-

.
=
:X.
'

2. lilo -
-
Pilot i :c -13-0=1 OK → xd =L

No → * T.CL in 10110,11)
M =3

cont , local
>

gait
: Rtr →
R
glt ,
/ ✗ a. ✗
a. xp = flt ,
×, ) lipschitz (2)
 RXR? µ , Italo xoi # ER Rs
Th
Cauchy Lipschitz E. U L ✗

pe
-
-
.
, ,

(F) ! 71 .
Vltol
): I. C- → R od ca Yltol -
- ✗o
'

Y / t.1-xoeyt.t.io
2. to ai .
91%1=421%1 =
:X

Tilt ) Pitt / " '

.
-
-

.
=
:X. too , ✗ 0=0, to =L
:*:
tilts tilted
-
-
=

2.
"

e. 101--9101
0=64--0 → ✗ 02=0 * T.C.L.im 10,10, 1,0) )
m=6

cont local lipschitz /I )

glt.lxmxaxs.ru/)=-Ylt.x.1gt.-1iRxR4-sR ,

"
xoiri.ie?)ERxR
"
Th .

Cauchy Lipschitz
Vltol
-

R
E. U L
od
-

pe
R×R :(v-ilto.io
YItol-xoe.lt/--xdTlt.)--xiTmlto1--X?
,

(F) 9.) :[
! •
C- → ca

2. to ai .
91%1=421%1 =
:X

Tilt ) Pitt / .
-
-

.
=
:X.
"
too , ✗ 0=0, xD =L ,x ? -0

:*:
tilts tilted
-
-
=

4. Hot
"
= Tilt)= : ✗ is
7.4.701 Pilot X Nu conthariceheaT.CL
merge
:
0=6 mai
""
4. 1. tool
lt.tt/t,Yilt1Cv-)ti=i,2o---elt,t1
9-
Hit
°7- It t.it} '
.

Iunéfia 71 , -1 : RxR > R

- -
7-14×1--0 verified → Da
flt ☒1--0
ptm> 5 ,

Daca-deriiamfunct.ie pdimomiale
datajungemla
la un mom .

astea
mesoglea
O se devine constant o -
> de aceea exc
,

Metoda I
'

) 4,11-1 ezltl ttt

"

m =3 X fit =t -
-

x
-
-

, ,

ein sol filth flt filth ,

i
-
-
it

{ 6=4-141-+1-3
0=9-1 t.tl tht
,
t :O = >
(0--90,0)
4-10,01 6 =
*
 "

M -2 X -414×1
-

eiltt-flt.h.lt/i--eRO=flt.H/6t--4-1t.t+tslHt
Till Dol

fi .

,
.

) local
lipschitz (E) imlto.ro/ERxR
(F) L > oai .
1714*1 -4-11-1×211<-4×1 -
Xz ) ☒ I / t.x.li/t.xz)EBsltaxo/
¥ ¥1T
>
→ It . ,xo ) -10,01
1911-11-1 -1141-+1-31<-41-3 ) d) tetsuo,
61-141-31

OLE 4-11-12 4) tEBeio ,

t to
-

✗
too
8 nov 2021
Seminar 6
G. it : I ✗
Rm → R?
Spumoni cñ e- i -

i
-

i are
ptioprietatea de :

a) Disipativit ATE (D) (F) 9>0 (F) at ): I -

> R, continued ai .

I < ✗ if It ,x) ) / E alt) 11×112 -

d- It EI ,
H) ✗ ERM , 11×11>9
b) ouster liniasa-lc.LI dacia (F) 9>0 G) all : T -
> R ,
continua ai .

11714×111 E alt 11×11 -

4- It c- I
,
(f) ✗c- Rm ,
11×11>9

c) orgtere afima I C. A.) dacoi 6) 9>0 (F) all bit I → Rt cont ai ,

:
.
.

1171T ✗111 E alt) 11×11-1 bltl

,
d- It c- I (f) ✗ ERM 11×11>9
-

, ,

Th .
E. G. -
existenta- globala-

dx
Iie ft -1 : I . ✗ Rm - >Rm continua on
ptroprietalea de
disipativitate
=
1-19×1 Atunci admit E. I ✗ Rm
. ec .

Cope
4- 1 (to
.io/c-IxiRmH7Y1-1:IO--siRmsol-cuelto)--Xo "

global
a-

Exc l a) C. L ⇐> C. A .

b) c. L =
> D
c) m
-
-
l C. L ⇐>
☐
d) m > 1 D Ys c. L .

evident
"

Roz a) a
lbltl :o)
cont
"

⇐ c. A : (F) 9>0 (F) all ,

btl :
I → Rt . ai .

1171T ,
✗ 111 E alt) 11×11-1 bltl
-

d- It c- I , (f) ✗ ERM , 11×11>9

C. L : (F) he >0
(F) aft I → :
Rt cont . ai .

11714×111 E aft -11×11 4- It c- I

,
(f) ✗c- Rm ,
11×11>9 ,

11714×111 c- alt) 11 ✗ 11+611-1=11×11 laltl +

¥¥ ) c- 11×11 alt) / -1b¥ ) 9--9 c. L

t.gg
.

11×11>9 →
¥, < §
b) c. L : (F) 9>0 (F) all : I → Rt cont . ai .

11714×111 E alt 11×11 -

4- It c- I
,
(f) ✗c- Rm ,
11×11>9

D: (7) 9 ,
> 0 (F) at -1 : I→ Rt cont ai .
.
I< ×
,
7- It ✗1) I
,
E a. 11-111×112 4) 1-c-I , ✗ERM 11×11>9 ,
 ILX 9- It , ,
✗ 131<-11×11.11711×111 111×4 -
alt ) 11×11-
=
alt ) 11×112
.
Hit_cI , ✗ ERM , 11×11>9
1×1.1 fit ✗ I C- alt ) 1×12 - -
> e- It ✗I c- alt) -
✗ d- ITEI , ✗ ER , 1×1>9 i. e. C. L
'

, , .

c) m
-
- l D=> C. L
D :(719>0 (F) at ) : I -
> Rt cont ai 14714×11<-911-11×12 4) TEI
.
.
,
✗ER 1×1>9
1×1.14-14×11 Ealtl 1×12
1×1>9 : 1×1 → 17ft ,
✗ 11L alt) 1×1 -

(E) TEI ,
✗ER ,
1×1>9 i. e. C. L .

d) Vreme an
exempla de Fct care are
(D) door
, me are c.L .

D :(71h ,
> 0 (F) at ) : I -
> Rt cont ai 1<4714×131 .
.
Ea Itt 11×112 4) tc-I.HR?IlX1Dr

Cant fail ai .
< ×, -914×13=0

Ft =/ f. )
>
✗ =/ ✗ , , Xz ) -
it :I ✗ R → Ñ flt ,
IX., Xz)) It Ha , , all -721T
✗
, ,
/ ✗ a ,Xz))

( Xiflt
,
✗ 1) =L IX. Xzl , ,
/ f. It Hi Xzl) , fzlt / ✗ ,Xz)) )
, , , a
?
✗ if /t.lk ✗ 21) trzfzlt /✗ Xz) ) 0
=
= , , , i.
,

De ex f- It, Hi ✗211=1×2
, ,
-
✗ a)

11714×111=11×2 ,
-
✗ all =
✗ it ✗i =
11×11 are c. L .

Modifier pe ft ) Flt Hi all 1×2 a) ,

'
→
, ,
✗ =

,
-
✗ 11×11

117 It ✗111 ✗ ink + Xi IIXIP

,
11×11-11×4=11×112 = =

Anatam ca-e-i.it me are C. L .

Pp .
7- ti ) are c. L .
(F) 9>0 (F) at ) I → Rt cont ai
→ :

11×112=11-914×111 c- alt) -11×11 it )t ER d-I ✗ c- v22 , 11×11>9

11×11>9 311×11 salt / HIT ER d-I ✗ C- v22 11×11>9
,
?
Iie 1- =
8 ER → 11×11 Eat 81 ✗ HER 11×11>9
Is
¥
{
+i
Exc ecuateile Sci sedate
=

Fie
-

2 cai
xi -
-
xix ,

a) 0-141-1=1%1-1,91-11 sol . a ec .
(F) CER ai 1191-111 :c .

G) admit E. G. a sod .

-9311-1
{
little
Rot at Fie 9.1=17.1-1 hi ) ) od ,
.

little little

.lt/?cc-1Rai.1lYltH--Y?lH-iYilH=-cT-iegH1--ei1H-iei t1 g.)
deriwabilñ 141 soll
 24.11-1941-1 +2%11-19511-1
g' ltl
=

=
27,11-1 tilt -12911-1941-14.11-1=0
-

HIKER k
ai
gltt
-
-
.

b) 7- It ,
)
/ × , > Xz) =L
-
✗ is ,
✗ ix.1 ft ) ,
.
: Rx R2 > R2
-

interval -
Rm

D :(719 ,
> 0 (F) at ) : I→ Rt cont ai 1<4714×131 .
.
Ea Itt 11×112 4) TER ,
✗c- Ñ ,
11×11>9

KX flt ✗ I > I , .
=/ < IX. Xz ) , ,
I -
✗ is , Xix ,)> I
=
I -
✗• ✗ is + ×?✗ I ,
= 0 I alt) 11×112 . .

It ;-) are (D) T.E.co E.

G.pe R×Ñ ☒

{
×i=×z
Exc 3 Iie ec Sai se dem :

✗i =
-3%5-2×7

a) 4-191-1=(9.1-1,421-1) sol . a ec (F) cc.ir ai .

941-1+4.44-14.tt/=-c
b) Admit E. G. a sod .

Yiltl
Roz a) Fie er , =
this 91.x sd ,
{ little4214
-34%11-1 -
zeilt)

T-iegltt.ie?H1-ieilt1-i9iH1gi.sdoievpt.ca-9ndorirg'lH--6ei-H1eilt
=
-144711-14111-1 -12911-1%11-1
69.511-1911-1+44? 11-1%11-1 -12%11-1-1-34,511-1-29711-11
=
0

(F) CER ai
gltl
=> . :c

b) flt IX. , ,
✗ d) =/ ✗ z -3×5-2×71 Fi ,
.
) :RxÑ cont
, -

interval
'
R

D: (F) h ,
> 0 (F) at ) : I→ Rt cont ai 1<4714×131 .
.
Ea Itt 11×112 4) TER ,
✗c- Ñ ,
11×11>9

1 ( IX. Xz )
, , 1×2 , -315 -
2x ? ) > I =/ Xixz -3×2×5 -2×2×71

tc-R.HR?HXlDhAsatamca-fmearelD1Pp.cafarelDc*1T--ox
c- alt ) ( ✗it ✗it * 4)

,
=/ ✗ in ,
✗it ✗ n' =
in =
me IN

/ MZ -
3m
'
-
2m41 E Alo) -
2h2 4-1 ME IN 1/ ✗ my = MY m2 =
ME = >
m>
¥
± 29101 Him >_ no I

✗
 7- til me are D ma se
poate aplica T.E.co !

E. G. d-Ho
,
✗ ol c- RxÑ (F) 41.1 : R - > R
'
sol culfltol =
✗ o

deschisa-fl.it cont
'

malt Th Peano
'
Iie Ito , ✗ ol c- R✗ R = > E. L R ✗ R
. .

pe
= >
E. L in . Ito ,
Xo ) :
(F) Tol -
ti Io C- Ulta ) → R2 scd.ae Yo /to) =
Xo

Din th solution
.

privimd existent a maximal = > D- 171.1 I → R2 od : .

max .
o

lined
phelumgire a i
-

ptrelungire
41.1 a lui ed 't -
>
411-01=40 Hot =
Xo

NPROP~imtowaluldedefinit.ie al od maximal .

I =
dom 9- I CR desdies I =/ a , b)

global
9.) a- ⇐>
I = R ⇐ a = -
no
,
b- + no
-

Asñtam, 1 not
cab
analog
= + no ae a = -

Pp .
b < +
a → *

Th .

asuphaprelungiriisdut.io continua
Iie e- D=1- ,
Rn Rm
-

) :
I e R ✗ → =
-9T x) ,

fie 41-1 : la , bl CR → Rm dol Atunci

admit stricta dreapta
prelungire
1) 9- I • la ⇐

to Ela b) G) Do CD 4- Ite Ito b)

be + no
,
G) ,
compacta ai .
It YHD ,
c- Do ,

214-1 admit stricta

prelungire G) Do CD stamga
• la ⇐

to Ela b) 4- It c-
a> no
G)
compacta ai It YHD c- Do ( a. to]
-

, , .
,

Rate
Gñgasesc
ai
Do ←
compacta .
It , 411-11 ED Hit c- [to , b)
Daca
gñsit aplicth.asuphaprelung.hu
am Do ai .
i → sol .

stricta la Lb Hl l maximaloil
91-1 admit o
prelwmgire dreapta e
-

b : + ✗

Gñsirea lui Do compacta

-14,41-1+4211-1 :c
•
conform lui a
pt sd 41.1
.
(F) CER ai .
4. HI

4,41-1 Ec at 4.44 ← I µ,i

little c µ, f e ? It ) E C ☒ It a)

11411-111=24 ? It) -14in c- Ctr a- It

11911-111 Eh ctr ④ t ⇐> 411-1 C- Into) Hit

Am dem . Cci ☒ It , uncle k=
"
compacta
 Defines Do :=[to > b) ✗
Bilal
(t.at/lc-Dolv-1tc- [to b) ,
ok

{
✗ i. Xz
Exe 4 Fie ec ? So sedate cñ :
✗i : zx ×,
. -
-

a) HIYA -14,11 hit ) sofa , ec (2) CER ai .

little 4%1-1+4541 :c

b) Admit E. G. a sd

Roz ✗
'
=
1+3 x -
t U.L.im Ito , to)
-1=3
'

✗ ✗ -
t
5. v.

yltl-xltl-ty-fyec.ae
✗ t →

y=
-

roar .

sep .

d¥=fy
yltl-oool.otat.ionasady.y-b-dt-sfy-tdy.
y±=t×c SU
Fg
→
-0
y=o
-
-

→
{
?
yltl :( 311-+01 HI 't
{ xdtl -1-+131-+41
✗• ok
s-v.xltkylti.ie

xdtol-toft.ec/E- oc- toxHt-t-i/2-zlt-t.1/Zxolt.1- Xilto1- oxot1- Xal

✗ Hot -
-
to

) Nu are U -
L
.
15 nov 2021
Seminar 7 "

Ec liniare pe 1R
'
✗ =
Alt / ✗
,
uncle Al ) -

: I ER → Mm IR) continua
5A, , { 41-1 I → Rm 41-1 Dol Alt ) ✗ }
'
=
ec ✗ :
, a .
=

subspat.int rectorial on dim 15am/ m

'
c II Rm )
5am
a =
,

{ 4,4 Mmm } 5.Ai ) Gata am siotem fundamental de

i. . .
a
.

,
.

solegtii
Yue Sai , £
general 411-1 Pitt )
Sol .
a- : ⇐
(F) a c- R ai . = a

matrices dei
"
✗ Ltl Cd Mitt
=

,
. . .

,
4mA)) , te I am .
sdufii
daca-fe.li ÉA , sist ,
. . .
ima} a
,
. fund de sol
xltl-colle.lt/....,4mHD , te I am .
motive fundamentala- de solute
Def 4,1-1 ,
. . .
, In 1.) C- § At ) Am . WRONSKIANUL sdeifiei Yall , . . .

,
4mi )
detect 1911-1 ilmltl] 1- c- I
we . . . .
emltli =
,
. . .
,

Th Liouville
SÉ THAN)ds µ , t.ieI
.

we . . . e.
It ) =
We . . . .
envy .

e.

Éxc 1 Iie Act :

I - - R -
> Mm / Rt cont ✗
'
=
Altlx

) it , t c- I
men ,
fie 4. i. ii. - -

, 9m11 c-
Sai, ai .

detllyijltlli.j.im to

ej :( É|←j
Fie ✗ HI :-. coll 4. HI ,
. . -

,
Ymltl , em -1 , ,
. .
-

, ) uncle
em ,

Sie se arete cñ :

a) ✗ Itt este imnrrsabila Kite I

b) conduce la
'

titty Bitty
s.ir
y
ee
-

. ✗ = -

c) BIH coll 0 , -
-
. .
.
. 0, bm+ ,
Itt , . . -
, bmltl) te I

Roz a) lilt / . .
. 4m14 0 . . . 0

4,211-1 . . .
4in It) 0 . .
. 0

: : :
-

✗ HI
.

qmltl 4mm HI
-

. . .
0 .
. .
O

ein-414 . . .
eiii.lt/ 1 . .
.
0

: : :
-

.
:
i
Pitt ) . . .

4mn14 0 . . e

regula
lui
Laplace
-

der-vdt.am
succesivdupa-wltimacdoanadetxltt-detyjiltli.j.am
1- c- I
=/ 0

(e)
 b) ✗ It /
sohifie
eueat.ieis.v.deffund.iay.tl
sv ✗
:
4) ✗ 1- I a

y
=
.

"

dupci regula ltlyltl

HI ✗
YH / ✗ ltrltl
✗ -
-
⇐> =

✗ 1- tool iltl -
-

Alt ✗ It ) = >

'
(
Xltlyit)) AHHHHH )
:

iltlyltl Xltlyltl Aitlxltlyltl

-1 :

xiisl
Xltljltl Altlxltlyltl X' Hlyltl
= -

jltl-x-t-tt-tdyltli-B.lt )

BHKXIHIAIHXHI
'

c) -

✗ 11-11 =

colle.lt/,...,4inlt1,0,...,ol)---X'H1lcolAlt1Y.lth...,A1t14mlt1iAlt1em+a )
"

11-111-11-1 col 1911-1 4m14 ,em+i

=
✗ em -

,
. . . . .

, ,
.

.lt/,...,4nilt1,0,...,o1)---x-4t1collAl-ttn-ei1-I....,AltMm#-mt
/ ,
. . .
. Alten -
Colle

AIHeml-4.tl ,
Altlemt , ,
- . .
,

,
. .

.int tool
-

'
=
✗ It / Col 10 ,
. . .
,
0 ,
Altlemt , ,
. .
.
.
Alt ) em ) =

coho .io ,
×"HA÷Ym)
-
-

, →
.
. -

" "

{y F
/¥ /
✗
Exc 2 Fie ec
on sol 4. Itt .

E) ✗ +
ty
.

,
-11
'
-

Sci se Det Yun ai .

.
{ e. ii. 91 ) } sisters fundamental .
de sdut.ie .

Rot
Aplicamexci AHI
:(¥ , f) m=2 m =L 4.11-1 =/¥ / ,

[detkji.tl/i.j-.e.m--+o a- it ]
sale I =/ 0 , A)
det / Yi / 1-11=1--40 seen I =L - ✗ 10 )
De ex I :( 0 )
(¥ 9)
, ,

tets.u.ly/--xltY
Def xltt-colle.lt/,ez)-- ,

:/
fj¥ / =/¥ :/ 11¥ /
, , ,
/
deposit dissonant .

# tutti
,

{y 11-1=11-4 e) { y' 11-1=4 ttultltt #faulty

✗ 14 -
- tutti " It" + v41 -

ult / you , e) ultlttvltl -

 ulttitiiltl =
ultl + v14 a'
11-1=41-1
2tultl-ill-2-iiliiltl-iriltl-tultl-itultl.tl Nlt) ⇐>

⇐
(the 1.0¥ + N' 11-1--1-014
n' 11-1 =
-

0¥
Ev
{
a'
vltl-cetttdt-ce-lnt-ct-l.cz
=

scalara- CER
=
-

f- N ee . lim .
→
,

¥ ¥-1k KER
'
u =
ultl = -

-1kt
{ yltl -4-2+111 €-1k )
*H=
{ yltl.lt?ii)u1t)yv1t , tut
-
c
5. v. ✗ It
" KER
-
-

-
+
E. = -
d- + bit + e)
d.
generala-
☐

"t

g.) =/
1×11-1 1=-41/+4+1.1
"

et-klt-iele-te.AT
-

{4.1-1,91-1} sist.de
generator } Gaza ,
i.e sit fundamental dead
. .

2 element -
-
dim 5k
Metoda 2 Folosimd th Liouville .

{ tx
"

g- -1¥ )
✗
e. Ltl -

le tix
ty
'
+ ,
y
- -
-

9. it ?
a' 1+1=611-1
=/ bltl ) { tally
""
911-1
-

1- c- I 4 , , , ooe →
b' 11-1=1 e- that + tblt)
WIKI : =
detlcdle.lt/iYzlt1 )

=/ ¥ 8¥, 1=1-6114--4-4 e) alt)

,

Th .
Liouville wit) =
WIT ) .

e
# THA ")ds '
=
WIT )eÉ°ds = WIT) ④t.ieI
WI .

) este constanta (F) CER ai . Wltl :c

(F) CER ai . tblt) -11-4 Malt :c → bltl =

§ 4- f) alt)
+ +

a' =
E- / 1- f) a + + -
ta =
E- +
§
1¥ E- atima scalara-
•
a' (f) = + ec .
 a-
'

=
§ ,
uncle a- lt1=kelnt=kt
Cant
solaltl-klt.tlkltl -Y-kltf-t.cz
biltlttbtkt-1¥
tilt -
-

¥
der
KIT)= -

f- + d
,

a 'H= ctdt
{
-

altl-b.lt/.tblH---ct+d1t4yaecsdER/blH--E-+lt+f-/alt1-E-+1t+f1fc-
, dt

94-1--1%11=1
ctdt
) od
general 911-1=1 f)
-

a-
d- ditty
.

-
+

iletoda 3

( y yd- E) -1¥ /
" -
tx
e. It -

tty
'
-
-

✗ ,

1- ✗
'

✗ +

g-
-

☒ txt +
'
=/ a -1-7×+1-+1 + ti
✗
"
+ ✗ + t.nl = ✗ + txt

}
"
=o >
'
xltl-c.lt/-ik c. KER 4214
generale
✗ =c
☐d.
✗ =
>
=
. . -

yltl-cttlct-H-cle-ineajuta
t4-kltltnln-ltl .io !!

{y =y+t×
'
✗
faoiausmao
tlxttg d-
'
-
-

tx
'
✗
g-
-
-

(x txt 4- F) ✗ tix tx )
' '
. -
= +
-

tx =x -1-2×+17×1 tax
"
'
✗
-
x - -

"

atx +211-2 ' !! !

x -
-

e) ✗ =o

t-xc35a-seg-aseas.ca I=?
t
sie Al -1 : I → MIR) ai .
4.1-1,91-1 Eisai ,
uncle e.lt/-- ( !) si
,
felt =/ , )
e. i -1,91 .

/ c-
Fa , , ? ✗ It .
- collealtlilzltl ) -
matric de sohu.tn
⇐ ooh matrieeala
.
 ltl-colle.lt/,ei-11%bdcollA1t1e.lH,Alt19lt11--Alt1colle.lt1.ezlt1)--Alt/ Ht)
'

Deciiltl Altlxltl 1- Ett )

X' 11-1×-111-1=-1-11-1
'

:{
'
II
7. 41×-14 detail =/ ! 11=1-1-+0 I
1- •
, 1)

Deex , I =L - no
,
1) →
HI ÉIH =
. .
.
→ Alt) =
X' Itt -

Xlt
22 nov 2021
Seminar 8 "

Ec liniare pe 1R cu coef constanți

Algoritm (cazul valorilor proprii simple)
"
Rer-dva-ec.casad-eristica-detlA-XT-n.to → MAI -
-
It . , . .
.im } distinct
2-
Daca ✗ c- MAIN R canta u
,
ERM 110} ai .

(A- ✗ In )u×=0
Serie sol 4×11-1 -
-

ett.ie,
3- "

Daca-t-2-iipc-rlAlpsoeauta-ui.EE (A- tin )u×=0 110} ai

Serie sol 4×11-1 Relett.ua/Yglt1--JmleHu , ) -
-

Renumooteabia {4×1.1} era =/ 4,1-1 -1%1-1 } sisters fundamental desdyhi

↳
,
.

,
.

>
Soiee Dol -

generate ylt)=
ciq.lt/cuCiERi=hmi--
a

Excl Sci determine od

se
generate
{
1--3×1-17 1

=/
✗ s i
-

'
A- I
a,
y g. +2 ✗ + 1
: a

-162 4
7 '
e 6
y
↳ : ✗
-
-

det / A - XI> 1--0

3- X -
d p

della XIs)= X l
-13-1111-1114-11 -4/-1-411-41 -13-1+6/-7
'
-

e e -

4 -
l 4 -
l :( 3- ✗Ill -
✗ 114-11+2-4 -141 -
2X
:( d- f) [12-71+12-2]=11 -

Hit-7×+10)
a- 11-1111-211×-51

{
1 ,
-
-
l

a- d) It 2) 1×-51=0 -

12=2

:(§)
13=5
1--1 WEEP 110} ai .
(A- Is / a -0 u

/ : : ;D :/ Y :/
2

fa-a.co a)
-11
=
> a- b=0 a=f
a -1C
-
o = > ( = -

ka - b -13C :O
u
=/ %) a- • -
= >
a =/ !/ →
4.1+1=01 ! ) -
l

1--2 1A -2Is )u=0

>

u
ER 110} ai .

1! IN :/ Y ;)
•+ era "
(
a- e :O →

l l
b -12C
-

↳a -

-0
Hi
3A -1
C =D → C =-3 a → b =
za
-

a.
aa ) a= -

e u
:( § ) → Ydt) = e
"

/? )
1--5 UER> 130} ai ( A- 5 Is)u=0

f- :p:/ =p:/ f-÷ : ::

•

. .
. a -
46 + -0
c-

y c a
4 - l - l >
.
"a-
2413

g- a -56=0 → a = G

u=
/ %) a a- → u
=/ !/ →
4,11-1 -
- est
/
{4,1-1,421-1,4311} riot fundamental
.
de
sdeifii
Sol .

411-1=44,11-1+4911-1
general a-

+ c> Yslt) =

= Get
/! / ,
+ Cz e
't

est
/ +
↳
Et
µ/ =

Get

( 3↳É
Get -
+ ↳
=
Ce et + 2C zest + ↳ et Ce Cz
, , Cz ER
-
Get + zczét +

est

(yltl
✗ It / = Get -
Get + ↳
't
Sol et 2C zest
.

general a- =
c. + + ↳e

2- 11-1 :-c , et + zczét + 3. ↳ est

?⃝
 Pb .

Cauchy
( {
'

>✗ ? ✗101 -_
7 Ce C2 -1C > = ?
Yt
= -

✗
-

, , ,=g Ce -12cL -1C 3--8

'

y xtytz y =3
:
. . .

'
=4✗ -147 2-101=9 " "" Gag
Z
y
-

¥:÷:*y
'
=X
-13g
-7

.
a- -

fi : :g)
-
, y

/ 4=(2-11)/3
↳ 1 o

det / A- ✗I , ) .
e 3- X -
l XP -11-1212 X ) 13 - -
- -
X)
-

e 2 3-1=12 f) 13 XP -15-2×-3+11 -
-

{ its
=
12 -
✗ 113 -
XP -12 t -

" "
2
-

12 d) [13-112+1]=0
-

12=3-1
:3 -
i

1=2 UER 110} ai

>
. /A -21--314=0

| ? !?
→ 11:11 :/ 1.÷ :*
a.
, a+b-c=o
.
→

.
c- a

u
:| :) u=|&/ 4.11-1=51-1 ;)
a
a- e - →

✗ =3 ii -
me £3110} ai . / A -

l3ti1Is1m=0

1 :: :O;) / § ) :( § / {
-

alexi) -16=0 →
b- Alexi )
-

i -
i - =
> a- bi -
c=o c- -
a- bi
-

a -126 - ie -0
-

c- -
a -

aceiyi
C :-( Isa

m=;)
2-

m=(ami /
I
9

, a- • →

912 i-

eb-iitfetif-esteitfy.iq/--eYcost-iisint1(i-i /
l l

Yat .
=

2- i 2- i

/ cost-isimt-i leost-isin.tl/-.est/cost-simt/--iie3t/cost-isimt/
costtisimt cost sint
"
ie

÷÷÷÷¥;t-
oncostxsimttilzsimt cost -
 {4.1-1,421.11%1.1} riot fundamental de
.
sol → sol .

yen
.

(y =/ 5)
'

-5g
✗ = ✗ l -

c)
-
-

A
' e e
y
✗
-
-
+

to Zi

=/ / {
'
l ✗ -5 -

d) +5=12+4
-

detlt ✗ I,
= -11+-41 d-
-

, e e -
y
✗ z= Zi -

4--2 i me G- 1101 ai .
(A- 2iIz)m=o

f- i
) / I / =/ 8)
ai 5
{ -11+24 a -56=0
-
-

e e - ai at Il -
Li ) b =o =
> a-
-

ki e) b -

*
/ b) :( I /
" "
→ m= we → m
G

THI e' / ? / =/
sina.ly/2i-Y../-cos2t-2bim2ttilsin2t+2cos2tY=cos2t-iisimzt
"
it
= cost + i

) / )
cost zsimzt sin 21-+2 cosset
=/
-
-

+ i
at

÷÷
cos

TE
Sol 411-1=4911-1 + cihlt a. c. c- R
gem
.

{ ✗ It cel coat -12km 2T

) czlsimot -120524 ER
= -

+
ce.cz

yltl-cecoszttczsimztiletodaaI-adefolositdoasptsist.de 2 ec .

{y
'
×

-5g
= -

j y
:

y
✗ + → ×
-
- -

lj-ylh-j-ig-syj-gf-q-i.gg
= >

him de Ord aecoef

:O
constant
"

-14g
ec .

.
2

Ec .
can act 12+4--0 → ±2i

Sol eotcoszttczeotsimzt
yen yltl
.
=
c.

=
c. cost -1 Cz sin 2T Ca , Ca ER

= >✗ 11-1=-24 sin 2T -12 Czcoszt cosset czsimzt -

c, -
=

=
ce / 2 sin 21--1 cos 21-1+412 cost sin Lt
- -
Excz Fie A c- Mn IR) def ¥ ¥ =
Ax a)

a) Sai se orate
ca-s.v.lt/--e'eonducelad#---Ay
calculate rotoboanta
121
b) Sai se
eaeafiei It )

Roz a) 1- to

t> t.es
Pp . ca o → 5. v. :

4) ✗ 1.1 sofa ecle) 5. v. defined fundiiayi ) dupée regula you Hey

⇐
-
.
-

✗ 1.1 sofa ecle) ✗

'
HI :# Axlt )
xlttylnt
t.es Is A Hey f. Ay b)
'
→ ✗ lest = =

111 '
le4=y1s
5. v. ✗ )

X' tested:
y b)
'
He't
-8¥
-

Y_ et Agis) =

yin Agis)
= ⇐>
¥ =

Ay ☒

Exes Sie se resolve problem Cauchy a

¥ If
(y
x
' -
-
-
✗ 1- e) =p

' =
¥ ¥ +

yl
-

e) =L

s.v.lt/=est--estsot=-eo too

{
U' a -30 It /
{
" °"
{
=
✗
1-
- - -
=
.

es
. .

5. V. = -
→ → →

Nld) :
N' =3 a + w
yltl
.
. .
=
. . .

All : IED → vk.IR) cont ¥ = Altlx

Rt ) ,
: I✗I → Mm IR) hozoboantaec .

"
An IR) matric fund dead
Rltiyl HH b) uncle
= ✗ Xi ) : I → . .

Def depinde de matrices fund de sol

nee
alegerea
.
.

4to.xlt/- Rlt, o1XoAlH- AEMnlR1-sdF- AxRlt,s1- expLTt- b) A] uncle e×p= In

+
¥ .
+
¥-1 . . . -1
II. +
. .
-
e×c2b
¥ ¥ = AX 14
dfds Ay =

121

Iie Rit -1 ,
: I Until rveofoanta ec
✗ I -
> 11) to I :( 0.x )

Rzti ) : R×R→UmlR) rozoheantaec in

to

4t.no/t -Relt, olxoT-ieToER,XoERmYt. xolsl=Rzl7To/Xos.v.ylsl-

Fie > 0
,
✗• ERM

xlttylnt
He " ⇐>
)
411-1=441-1 llnt )
Yt ,✗olH= . Yenta *

coif const Rats exp [ ]

arc-RR.lt
(2) core ,
r ) = Is -01A

.to/xo--4t. xoltl--4ent. xollnH=Rzlln-4lnto1xo=/expLTlnt-lnto/

A ]/ Xo
arbitral R.lto.to/=expLTlnt-t./ A]
"
✗• ER = >