ֵ⭞䈪᱄Ҝ 䱺ؓ䇷Ҝ

ؓ⮏༽⭞

Ჰ㜳‫ޞ‬㠠ࣞ⭫ᆆආ‫׵‬ಞ

7&):&6δ&(6 ශ ε
7&): & 6δ&(6 ශ ε

俌‫ݾ‬ሯᛞ㜳䘿䍣ᵢ‫ޢ‬ਮӝ૷㺞⽰ᡇԢᴶ䈐ᥐⲺ䉘ᝅȾ
䈭Ԋ㓼䰻䈱ᵢ䈪᱄Ҝ੄↙⺤ֵ⭞Ⱦ

ᵢ䈪᱄Ҝ޻䱺ᴿؓ䇷Ҝθ
᭻䈭࿛஺ؓ㇗θ
ᒬ൞ᗻ㾷ᰬ਌࠰䰻䈱Ⱦ
 ᛞⲺӝ૷ਥֵ⭞Ⲻࣕ㜳ϋ

ᵰශ੃〦 Ȏީӄӝ૷ශਭ
g ᮪ྍӝ૷Ⲻශਭ&(6 ȖȖȖȖ
ශਭ
ড⍍ѳ䜞
7&) ȖȖȖȖ
‫׵‬ಞ䜞
&6 ȖȖȖȖ

ᵰශ ৸➝
享
ࣕ㜳 ශਭ 7&):&6 7&):&6

  㟶䜞⍍߶ Ș Ș

㟶䜞䖱Ḋ⍍߶ Ș Ș
⍍߶ᯯᕅ
с䓡⍍߶ Ș Ș

с䓡ᣚ⨼⍍߶ Ș Ș

⍍߶փ㖤䈹㢸 Ș Ș

ะᵢࣕ㜳 ≪ࣵ䈹㢸 Ș Ș

ะᵢࣕ㜳 ᭯਎⍍߶ᯯᕅ ᩼ࣞ⍍߶ Ș Ș

᤿᪟⍍߶ Ș Ș

Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ Ș Ș
ᒨ⠛ ⑟伄ᒨ⠛ Ș Ș
᭯਎⑟ᓜ ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸 Ș Ș 

௭౪䲚㨂 Ș Ș
⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ؓᤷ⌷߶⣬ᘷ
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 Ș Ș
␻⌷ࣕ㜳 

␻⌷ࣕ㜳 䲚㠣 Ș Ș
⾑䲚ᔸ઩
≊઩⌷߶ Ă Ș

⭞䚛᧝ಞߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ Ș Ș 
ߨ≪
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍ Ș Ș 
䚛᧝ᔶީ‫׵‬ᓝ Ș Ș 
ᢉᔶᡌީ䰣
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 Ș Ș
‫ࣕⲺ࡟׵‬㜳 
➝᱄⚥ Ḋૂ➝᱄ Ș Ș
‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ ؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝ Ș Ș 
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ Ș Ș
㢸⭫ᯯ⌋ 
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ Ș Ș

‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡ Ș Ș 

␻ᢡ Ș Ș 
ؓ‫ޱ‬ ‫ⴌ׵‬㻻ম Ș Ș 

௭౪␻ᢡ Ș Ș 

ᣍ㨂 Ș Ș 


 ⴤᖋ

␻⌷ᐛ֒Ⲻ ᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯 
ֵ⭞⌞ᝅӁ亯 
਺䜞࠼੃〦 
ֵ
⭞
ࢃ
߼༽ 

ླᑤᢁ ะᵢֵ⭞ᯯ⌋ 
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳δ␻⌷ε  ֵ
ᒨ߶Ⲻ⍍ᢁ䰪 䲚㠣  ௭౪䲚㨂  ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄  ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥
≊઩⌷߶  ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥
⭞
ᯯ
䙐䗽ćᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪Ĉθؓᤷ‫׵‬ಞⲺ␻⌷Ⱦ ⌋
 
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳δ‫ࣕⲺ࡟׵‬㜳ε
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍  㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣  Ḋૂ➝᱄
⑟ᓜ䈹㢸 
㢸⭫ࣕ㜳 

ᵢ։ 
‫׵‬ಞ  㔪
‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡ ‫ؤ‬
ᵢ։ૂ ؓ
‫׵‬ಞ䰪㕓䳏䜞࠼  ‫ޱ‬
ᵢ։ૂ
‫ⴌ׵‬䰪㕓䳏䜞࠼ 
䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤 
䲚㠣䗽┚㖇 
௭౪ 
௭౪␻ᢡ
䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤δ‫׵‬ಞ䜞ε  

≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇 

਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ 
ਥ㠠ࣞ൦੥ࣞ␻⌷ࣕ㜳Ⱦ ԛс᛻߫ᰬ
  ᗻ
δ䈜᛻䈭৸➝ㅢ Ƚ 享ε 㾷
zഖ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰖ⌋䘑㺂ߨ≪ 
 
༺⨼ᰬ ᰬ
ֵ⭞ࢃ ᧛䘇 ආс 䎭䓡 zഖᯣ≪ᰖ⌋䘑㺂ߨ≪ 
 
༺⨼ᰬ
䙐䗽ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪
≊઩⌷߶ ď 1 zᰖ⌋⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂ᬃ֒ᰬ  
߶ौড⭕䰪Ⲻグ≊
z 䟽਌䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻ᧠᯳ᰬ  
ৱ䲚‫׵‬ಞ޻ᔸ઩ 㝧㠣
z䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞ᰬ 
  
ѰҼؓᤷ‫׵‬ಞⲺ⌷߶ ᑮ㿷䰤从 
⣬ᘷθሯ‫׵‬ಞ௭⍈ᒨ
߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 㿺Ṳ 
ؓ䇷Ҝ ሷᓋ
⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪␻⌷ ௭౪䲚㨂
௭౪

ď 1ӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ

 ᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯
䈭൞䇚ⵕ䰻䈱ćᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯Ĉ੄↙⺤ֵ⭞θ↚༺ࡍ࠰Ⲻ⌞ᝅӁ亯ᱥфᆿ‫Ⲻީ⴮ޞ‬䠃㾷޻ᇯθ䈭ࣗᗻ䚫ᆾȾ

ḽᘍ਀ެ੡ѿ

䆜઀ 㺞⽰ྸ᷒ᰖ㿼↚ḽᘍ㙂䈥ᬃ֒ᰬθᴿਥ㜳䙖ᡆӰ઎䠃՚ᡌ↱ӗȾ

⌞ᝅ 㺞⽰ྸ᷒ᰖ㿼↚ḽᘍ㙂䈥ᬃ֒ᰬθᴿਥ㜳䙖ᡆӰ䓡՚ᇩᡌ䍘ӝᦕཧȾ

сࡍḽᘍᱥѰҼ㺞⽰ֵ⭞ӝ૷ᰬⲺ䠃㾷ᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯㙂ֵ⭞ⲺȾ

ḽᘍ ੡ѿ

↚ഴ㺞⽰уਥ㺂θ
ć⾷↘ĈҁᝅȾ

↚ഴ㺞⽰ᗻ亱ćᕰ࡬Ĉᇔ㺂Ⲻ޻ᇯȾ

䆜઀
䈭व⭞⒵ᢁᨈᤊ⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭䀜⭫Ⱦ

䈭वሼ≪Ƚ✣≪ᡌ⍍⏚ࡸ⍽ӄᵢ։ૂ⭫Ⓠᨈཪр
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚਇ✣ᡌ⸣䐥Ⱦ
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖӝ૷⹪ᦕ㙂ሲ㠪਍՚ᡌᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ

㔓ሯу㜳࠼䀙Ƚ‫⨼ؤ‬Ƚ᭯䙖ᵢӝ૷
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚਇ✣ᡌ⸣䐥Ⱦ

䈭वᆿ㻻൞䖜䖼Ƚ㡯㡬ㅿ〱ࣞ։р
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚ⸣䐥ᡌ᭻䳒Ⱦ
x ੜࡏθ‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬Ƚᵢ։Րഖ㝧⿱ᦿ㩳㙂਍ࡦᦕ՚Ⱦ

1(25(67ਇ⭕᭻䳒ᰬθ䈭व㔝㔣ֵ⭞
ԛс᛻߫ᰬθ䈭ᯣᔶ䞃⭫㇧⭫Ⓠθᒬީ䰣䘑≪䀈䰶‫≪ב↘ڒ‬Ⱦ
ᡶ䉉᭻䳒 
Ԅ䞃㇗Ƚӝ૷޻䜞ੇཌ╅≪
ӝ૷ᴿ㻸㕓ᡌ⹪ᦕ

࠰⧦ᔸᑮ༦丩ૂᔸ㠣
ӝ૷߈✕
ӝ૷ᔸᑮਇ✣
‫׵‬ಞ๫ດ
‫׵‬ಞ㕉ߨ෡㝧㩳
x ᰖ㿼ӝ૷᭻䳒ԃ㔝㔣ֵ⭞Ⲻ䈓θਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚਇ✣Ƚ⸣䐥Ƚ਍՚ᡌᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ


 䆜઀


䈭वֵ⭞≪㇗䘑≪ᡌਥԛ侤⭞ⲺӋ≪δ൦с≪εԛཌⲺ≪Ⓠԛ਀⎭≪
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪ⳤ㛚⛄⯽ㅿᡌਇ⭕᭻䳒Ⱦ

ᢉ䴭ᰬθ䈭व䀜᪮⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭䀜⭫Ⱦ

䈭वሼ䘑≪䖥㇗⻦䀜ࡦ⭫Ⓠᨈཪᡌᨈᓝ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ㔉䵨ㅿ㙂ሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚਇ✣Ƚ⸣䐥Ⱦ

䈭वᦕඅ⭫Ⓠ㓵ᡌ⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
࠽व⭞࣑᪊Ƚ᣿ᢥȽᢣ䖢Ƚᕰ㺂ᕥᴨȽࡤ՚ȽࣖᐛȽࣖ✣Ƚр㖤䠃⢟Ƚ᥼ᢄȽ཯օ
xӝ૷ᦕඅⲺ᛻߫с㔝㔣ֵ⭞θਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⚡⚴Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚਇ✣Ƚ⸣䐥Ⱦ

䈭वֵ⭞ᴿᶴࣞᡌ᭻䳒Ⲻ⭫Ⓠᨈᓝ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⚡⚴Ƚ⸣䐥Ⱦ

䈭൞㿺ᇐ㤹പ޻ֵ⭞⭫Ⓠᨈᓝ਀ᧈ㓵⭞ޭ
xᧈ㓵䎻࠰ᨈᓝ㿺ᇐᰬθਥ㜳ഖਇ✣㙂ሲ㠪⚡⚴Ⱦ

䈭वֵ⭞᤽ᇐ⭫ⓆδӚ⍷ 9Ƚ+]εԛཌⲺ⭫Ⓠ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚਇ✣Ⱦ

䈭वሼᢁ᤽ᡌެԌ⢟૷᭴‫ޛ‬ᡌ๫ດ⑟伄࠰伄ᆊ
䈭वሼ⢟૷ᡌ㺙⢟㖤ӄᡌ㾼ⴌ࠰伄ᆊ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆ✡՚Ƚ䀜⭫ᡌ䞃Ԭ✝⇷Ⱦ

䈭वԚ俏✕ㅿ⚡〃᧛䘇ӝ૷
xੜࡏਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆ⚡⚴Ⱦ

⌞ᝅք⑟✡՚
xؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝֵ⭞у࿛ᖉθਥ㜳Րሲ㠪ਇ⭕ք⑟✡՚Ⱦ
䮵ᰬ䰪ආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрⲺ䈓θ䈭ሼ‫׵‬ᓝⲺ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸䇴ᇐѰćީĈ⣬ᘷȾ
ԛс᛻߫൞ֵ⭞ؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝࣕ㜳Ƚ⑟伄ᒨ⠛ᰬθ䈭ሼ‫׵‬ᓝⲺ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸䇴ᇐѰćީĈ⣬ᘷθሼ⑟伄Ⲻ⑟
ᓜ䈹㢸䇴ᇐѰćքĈȾ
‫ݵ‬ㄛȽ㘷Ӱㅿу㜳㠠㺂ሼ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸㠩䘸ਾぁᓜⲺӰ
⯻ӰȽ⇁⯴Ӱㅿ㺂Ѱ㜳࣑ᴿᡶ䳒⻃ⲺӰ
ᵃ⭞Ҽᴿۢⵖ᭾᷒Ⲻ㦥⢟δᆿⵖ㦥Ƚ᝕߈㦥ㅿε
Ƚ␧ᓜ侤䞈Ƚ䗽ᓜ⯨ࣩⲺఒ⶗Ӱ㗚

ᵢӝ૷ኔ⭫ಞӝ૷θ᭻䈭वᆿ㻻൞ᇯ᱉㻡≪⌲ࡦᡌ㘻ᱥ⒵ᓜ儎Ⲻ൦ᯯȾ൞⎪ᇚֵ⭞
ᰬθ䈭ᆿ㻻ᦘ≊᡽ᡌᦘ≊ਙֵ⎪ᇚؓᤷ㢥ླⲺグ≊⍷䙐
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⚡⚴ᡌ䀜⭫Ⱦ

1(25(67 ᗻ亱䘔᧛߭≪㇗
xੜࡏਥ㜳Ր✡՚ᡌᵰಞ᭻䳒Ⱦ

䈭ࣗᗻ↙⺤᧛൦
xྸ᷒ᵠ䘑㺂᧛൦༺⨼θਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭䀜⭫Ⱦ
䘏䠂ᡶ䈪Ⲻ᧛൦༺⨼ᱥ᤽᧛൦⭫䱱൞ ¥ ԛсθ䞃⭫ⴎⲺ᧛൦㓵ֵ⭞⴪ᖺ PP ԛрⲺ䬒㓵Ⱦ
ď ᆿ㻻᧛൦㓵ᰬθ䈭ညᢎᆿ㻻‫ޢ‬ਮ䘑㺂Ⱦ


 ᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯δ㔝㔣ε
䆜઀


⺤䇚ֵ⭞Ⲻᨈᓝᱥੜ䙐䗽↙⺤Ⲻ᧛൦༺⨼δ ᆊᨈᓝε
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ᭻䳒ᡌ⸣䐥㙂ሲ㠪䀜⭫Ⱦ

⭫Ⓠ䞃㓵⭞ᨈᓝ䈭ࣗᗻ᤿➝ྸс㿺ᇐ䇴㖤
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⚡⚴ᡌ䀜⭫Ⱦ
ṯᦤളᇬ㿺ᇐⲺ⴮ީ⌋㿺θ人‫ؓ⺤ݾ‬ᨈᓝⲺᆿ㻻փ㖤 ᒬታਥ㜳䘒⿱⎪㕮Ⱦ
ď 䈭⺤䇚рࡍᡶ䘦Ⲻ䞃㓵ᐛぁᐨ㔅ᇂᡆȾੜࡏθ䈭㄁঩ညᢎᐛぁᢵऻ୼䘑㺂䞃㓵᯳ᐛȾ

䈭ࣗᗻሼ⭫Ⓠᨈཪ⢘⢘൦ᨈ‫ޛ‬ᨈᓝѣ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴Ƚਇ✣ᡌ⸣䐥Ⱦ

䈭⺤䇚⭫Ⓠᨈཪᐨֵ⭞⹻㜬䘑㺂Ҽ䱨≪༺⨼
xྸ᷒ᵠ䘑㺂䱨≪༺⨼θਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⚡⚴ᡌ䀜⭫Ⱦ
ď 䱨≪༺⨼ᰬθ䈭ညᢎᆿ㻻‫ޢ‬ਮ䘑㺂Ⱦ

ᤊс⭫Ⓠᨈཪᰬθ࠽वᤵօ⭫Ⓠ㓵θᓊᤵօ⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
䈭वᤵօ⭫Ⓠ㓵᣿с⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ⭫Ⓠ㓵⹪ᦕ㙂ሲ㠪⚡⚴ᡌਇ✣Ⱦ

ྸ᷒⭫Ⓠ䖥㓵ᦕඅθѰҼ䚵‫ރ‬ধ䲟θᗻ亱⭧࡬䙖୼Ⲻ㔪‫ؤ‬䜞ᡌ㊱ղ䜞䰞ⲺщѐӰ઎
ᴪᦘ

൞ؓ‫ޱ‬ᡌ⛯Ỷᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆ䀜⭫ᡌ䞃Ԭ✝⇷Ⱦ

⇁䳒Ӱ༡਀Ჰ࣑㜳࣑㕰䲭ᡌ㔅僂ૂᑮ䇼㕰҅ⲺӰδऻᤢ‫ݵ‬ㄛε䴶㾷൞щӰⴇᣚсֵ⭞
ᵢӝ૷
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭✡՚Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚ⚡⚴ȽӰ઎਍՚Ⱦ

䈭व䇟‫ݵ‬ㄛ⧟㙃ᵢӝ૷
x ੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭✡՚Ƚ䀜⭫Ƚ⚡⚴ȽӰ઎਍՚Ⱦ


 ⌞ᝅ
䈭व൞ᵢ։ᶴࣞⲺ⣬ᘷсֵ⭞
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᵢ։㝧⿱ᦿ㩳θሲ㠪Ӱ䓡՚ᇩȾ

࠽व䀜᪮⹪ᦕ䜞
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭䀜⭫ᡌሲ㠪਍՚Ⱦ䈭ታᘡᴪᦘȾ

䈭वᕰ࣑᫔࠱ᵢӝ૷θ䈭व൞‫׵‬ᓝ  ‫  ⴌ׵‬ᵢ։рㄏ㄁ᡌ฼᭴䠃⢟
xਥ㜳Րֵӝ૷⹪㻸Ƚᵢ։㝧⿱ᦿ㩳θሲ㠪Ӱ䓡՚ᇩȾ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖӝ૷⹪ᦕ㙂ሲ㠪਍՚ᡌᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ

у㾷ᣉօ‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ੇⴌ׵‬рᨆ᣿ᵢӝ૷
傢Ậр᭴ᴿ⢟૷ᰬθу㾷ੇрᨆ‫׵‬ᓝ਀‫ⴌ׵‬
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᵢ։㝧⿱ᦿ㩳θሲ㠪Ӱ䓡՚ᇩȾ

ؓ‫ޱ‬ງᯏ䜞࠼δᵢ։ㅿε਀䘑≪䖥㇗ᰬ䈭ֵ⭞৞ᡵ⭞␻⍍ࡸδѣᙝε
θ䈭वֵ⭞ԛс⢟
૷
োᡶ⭞␻⍍ࡸȽօᆻ⭞␻⍍ࡸȽ⊳⋯Ƚ俏㭿≪Ƚৱ⊗㊿ԛ਀ቲ嗏࡭ᆆㅿ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᦕ՚ງᯏԬθֵҁᖘᡆ㻸㓯䙖ᡆӰ䓡՚ᇩᡌ᭻䳒Ⱦ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᦕ՚䘑≪䖥㇗䙖ᡆ╅≪Ⱦ

ѰҼ䱨↘シ❬╅≪θ䈭व൞ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶Ⲻ⣬ᘷс᣼с䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤
xੜࡏਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆ≪௭࠰Ⱦ
δ䈭৸➝ㅢ  享ᡶ䘦Ⲻ䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤Ⲻ␻ᢡᯯ⌋ε

䈭वᕥᣎȽᦕ՚䘑≪䖥㇗
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭╅≪Ⱦ

䈭वሼ✣ᔶ≪‫׵ޛو‬ಞѣ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ‫׵‬ಞ⹪ᦕ㙂ሲ㠪਍՚ᡌᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ

䈭व⭞‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍䲚Ҽ⊗⢟ ཝȽቅ‫਀ ׵‬ড⭕㓮ԛཌⲺђ㾵ᡌཝ䠅Ⲻড⭕㓮

xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ‫׵‬ಞ๫ດȽ⊗≪ཌⓘ㙂ሲ㠪ᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ

ᬃ֒␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽᵼᰬθ䈭वሼᢁ᤽᭴‫ޛ‬ᵢ։ф‫׵‬ಞҁ䰪

䈭व൞ᵢ։ᨆॽⲺ⣬ᘷсֵ⭞



 ᆿ‫⌞ޞ‬ᝅӁ亯δ㔝㔣ε
⌞ᝅ


╅≪ਇ⭕ᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻީ䰣䘑≪䀈䰶

ཌ䜞≊⑟քӄ đᰬθѰҼ䱨↘ഖ߱㔉㙂ᦕඅ䞃㇗ᡌ䖥㇗θᓊ䟽਌䱨߱᧠᯳
x䘑≪䖥㇗߱㔉ᰬθਥ㜳Րᦕඅᵢ։ᡌ䞃㇗㙂ሲ㠪╅≪Ⱦ
xѰҼ䱨↘ഖለ߭ᰬᵕⲺ߱㔉㙂ᦕඅ䞃㇗ᡌ䖥㇗θᓊ‫ླڐ‬ᇚ⑟䈹㢸ᐛ֒Ⱦ

䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞1(25(67ᰬ  䈭ࣗᗻᧈ࠰ᵢ։Ƚ䘑≪䖥㇗޻Ⲻ≪θᒬީ䰣䞃⭫㇧
Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ
x߃⅗ֵ⭞ᰬ  䈭‫ݾ‬䙐≪  ❬੄߃ֵ⭞  ੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ≪਎䍞ሲ㠪ⳤ㛚⛄⯽ㅿȾ
δ䈭৸➝ㅢ  享ᡶ䘦߃
䙐≪Ⲻᯯ⌋ε
xж⴪༺ӄᢉᔶ⭫ⓆⲺ⣬ᘷᰬθਥ㜳Րሲ㠪⚡⚴ᡌਇ✣Ⱦ

ᆿ㻻䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤ᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻ⺤䇚ᱥੜ⢘⢘൦ᤝ㍝ࡦ↙⺤փ㖤
xྸу⢘⢘ᤝ㍝θਥ㜳ሲ㠪╅≪Ⱦ

‫׵‬ಞ๫ດᰬθᯣᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻᯣ䐥ಞθ␻䲚๫ດ⢟
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶ࣕ㜳੥ࣞθֵ⊗≪ཌⓘ㙂ሲ㠪ᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ
xֵ⭞ᐸ୤Ⲻ䲚๫ດᐛޭ␻䲚๫ດ⢟Ⱦ

ቅ‫੄׵‬ҕᓊߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րഖ⍍߶у㢥ᡌ‫׵‬ಞ๫ດȽ⊗≪ཌⓘ㙂ሲ㠪ᇚ޻⑍≪Ⱦ

⭞ᤝᒨⲺᣯᐹሼ伔Ⓕ൞൦ᶵрⲺቅ‫׵‬Ƚ䵨≪Ƚ⍍⏚ࡸȽ≪ㅿᬜᒨ߶
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ㠪൦ᶵⲺ⊗Ⰻᡌ㞆㲶Ⱦ


ֵ⭞⌞ᝅӁ亯
ȎѰҼ䱨↘䈥ᬃ֒
 ȎѰҼ䱨↘ࡈ՚⹪ᦕέ

Ș䈭व䚤ⴌӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞԛ਀䚛᧝ಞ‫ؗ‬ਭ᧛᭬Ƚਇ䘷䜞Ⱦ
 Ș䈭
 ⭞⎮⒵Ⲻ䖥ᐹㅿᬜᤣ
ψӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞϊ ᵢ։Ƚ䚛᧝ಞㅿງᯏ䜞࠼
Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞᴿ  〃Ⱦ ᒨᐹㅿ
ȘӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ
 $ ਥỶ⎁✣䠅਎ौȾ
Ș䈭वੇ੄䶖൞‫ⴌ׵‬р

xཅཟㅿᇚ⑟䎻䗽 đᰬθᴿਥ㜳ਇ⭕᝕ᓊಞ᝕ᓊуࡦ
Ⲻ᛻߫Ⱦ
x䱩‫⴪ݿ‬ሺ᝕ᓊಞᡌ⍍ᢁ䰪޻ᆿ㻻ᴿ਌᳌䇴༽ᰬθ਍✣
Ⲻᖧଃθᴿਥ㜳ਇ⭕᝕ᓊಞ䈥᝕ᓊθሲ㠪㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ
䰣ㅿࣕ㜳㠠ࣞ੥ࣞȾ
ȎѰҼ䱨↘᭻䳒έ

x⍍ᢁ䰪䰞ᢉᔶᰬθᴿਥ㜳᝕ᓊࡦԄ⍍ᢁ䰪ࢃ䶘਀䗯р Șྸᴿਥ㜳࠰⧦ᢉ䴭Ⲻ᛻߫ᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻӁ‫ީݾ‬䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫

㔅䗽ⲺӰȾ Ⓠ
ȘӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ
 % ⭞ӄỶ⎁ㄏ൞‫׵‬ಞࢃ䶘Ⲻֵ⭞㘻Ⱦ Ș‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬ру㜳ྍрᐸ୤Ⲻ㖟ⴌ

xྸсഴᡶ⽰θӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ % Ր䠀᭴࠰㓘ཌ᝕ᓊ㓵Ⱦ δੜࡏਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞᡌ⵶ᓝ᝕ᓊಞу㜳↙ᑮ
ਠ㾷Ӱ։䘑‫ޛ‬᝕ᓊ㤹പθ᝕ᓊಞቧՐỶ⎁࠰Ⱦ Ỷ⎁ε 㖟ⴌ
ď‫ݵ‬ㄛㅿֵ⭞ᰬθᴿਥ㜳ਇ⭕᝕ᓊಞ᝕ᓊуࡦⲺ᛻߫Ⱦ

Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ $ Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ %

Ș䈭वሼቅ‫׵‬ት൞ᵢ։Ƚ‫׵‬ᓝ਀௭౪р

δ᭻䳒ᡌ㘻਎㢨Ⲻ৕ഖε
Ș䈭वᕰ࣑᫔࠱ᡌ⭞࣑ু൞䚛᧝ಞᬃ֒䜞р

Șֵ⭞োᡶ⭞⍍⏚ࡸ␻ᢡ‫׵‬ಞ޻ᰬθᓊ൞
  ࠼䫕޻ሼެߨ⍍
ᒨ߶θ䳅੄ሼ‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫༺ⴌ׵‬ӄᢉᔶ⣬ᘷ
x 䈭ሼ⇁⮏൞‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ⍍⏚ࡸᬜᒨ߶
δੜࡏθ⍍⏚ࡸѣⲺ⊳ौ≊։Ր䘑‫ޛ‬ᵢ։㙂ሲ㠪᭻䳒ε
ψީӄ⵶ᓝᔶީϊ Ș䈭у㾷൞‫ⴌ׵‬਌сⲺ⣬ᘷсֵ⭞Ⱦ
Șආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрθ᧛䙐⵶ᓝᔶީθ਺ࣕ㜳ਥԛֵ⭞Ⱦ

Ș䈭䚵‫ރ‬䱩‫⴪ݿ‬ሺ

δ⵶ᓝᔶީ᧛䙐θՐᴿćஶషĈⲺ༦丩Ⱦε
δੜࡏՐഖ਎㢨ᡌؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝⲺ⑟ᓜуൽशȽ䚛᧝ಞⲺࣞ֒
у㢥ԛ਀⑟ᓜ਎ौ㙂ሲ㠪 1(25(67 䈥ࣞ֒ε
Ș䈭൞䘒⿱
 1(25(67 Ⲻ൦ᯯֵ⭞᭬丩ᵰ
δਥ㜳Րᒨᢦ᭬丩ᵰ⭫⌘ӝ⭕ᵸ丩ε
ᔶީ21έ Ș‫׵‬ᓝр᭴㖤ᒲ‫⭞ݵ‬䖻ࣟ‫׵‬ᓝgḊૂࣖ儎‫׵‬ᓝㅿᰬθֵ⭞੄

䰪䳏
䈭਌с
‫׵‬ᓝੇс δ൞ж⴪ᆿ㻻Ⲻ⣬ᘷсֵ⭞ᰬθਥ㜳Րሲ㠪䜞࠼ࣕ㜳у㜳
⵶ᓝᔶީ
δ޻䇴ε ֵ⭞Ⲻ᛻߫ε
Ș䈭व᫔࠱䚛᧝ಞ

δ᭻䳒৕ഖε
Ș䈭ආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрᰬታ䠅䶖੄Ⱦ

Ѱ䚵‫ރ‬䚛᧝ಞᦿ㩳θуֵ⭞ᰬθ䈭ሼ䚛᧝ಞᤸ൞䚛᧝ಞᢎ
x 㤛ආᗍའ⍻θᴿਥ㜳ᰖ⌋᧛䙐⵶ᓝᔶީȾ
ᷬрȾ䈭व㻡≪␁⒵Ⱦ
Ș䈭व൞‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬р᭴㖤⢟૷θᡌ⭞ᢁ᤿ুθੜࡏ⵶ᓝᔶ

ީᢉᔶȽ䀜⻦䚛᧝ಞⲺ᤿䭤θՐԄ௭౪௭࠰⑟≪θਥ㜳ᔺ
⒵൦ᶵㅿ⢟૷
亱⸛ δྸ᷒⭞࣑᤿ু‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬θ⵶ᓝᔶީՐᢉᔶε

x ։䠃䖱Ⲻ‫ݵ‬ㄛ൞ֵ⭞ᰬθ᧛䙐⵶ᓝᔶީՐ∊䖹ദ
䳴Ⱦ
x ഖѰ‫׵‬ᓝᱥрс〱ࣞⲺᶺ䙖θᡶԛ‫׵‬ᓝ㕉ߨ෡ૂ
‫׵‬ಞ䰪䇴䇗ᴿ䰪䳏Ⱦ


 ਺䜞࠼੃〦
ᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞 ᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞
⭫Ⓠ ᔶީ
с䓡⍍߶ ᔶީ
㟶䜞⍍߶ ᔶީ
⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥
‫׵‬ᓝ᤽⽰⚥
㢸⭫᤽⽰⚥

ཝߨ≪ Ḋૂ➝᱄ ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥

ď䚛᧝ಞ⭫⊖⭞ታᰬθ䈭ֵ⭞↚ᬃ֒䜞ᬃ᧝Ⱦ

‫ ⴌ׵‬ᣍ㨂

Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ$ ㅢ享ε

௭౪㖟ⴌ

⑟伄࠰伄ᆊ㖟ⴌ

௭౪ ᣍ㨂

ؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝ ᣍ㨂

⭫Ⓠᨈཪ
䘑≪䀈䰶
δㅢ享ε

‫׵‬ಞδㅢ享ε
䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤
⭫Ⓠ㓵 δ䘑≪䀈䰶޻䜞ε
δㅢ享ε

⵶ᓝᔶީδ޻䇴ε


 ᵢ։ᐜ‫ם‬䶘 ‫ⴌ׵‬g‫׵‬ᓝ㜂䶘

䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤δㅢ享ε ‫ⴌ׵‬㕉ߨ෡
≊઩⌷߶੯࠰ਙ ď
ֵ
≊઩⌷߶ ‫׵‬ᓝ㕉ߨ෡ ⭞
䗽┚㖇 ď  ࢃ
δㅢ享ε

Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ%
δㅢ享ε
≊઩⌷߶
᤽⽰⚥ ď 
δㅢ享ε ᯯ
⌋
ؓᣚⴌ

᭴≪ṉδㅢ享ε
ďӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ

‫ؤ‬
ؓ
‫ޱ‬

‫׵‬ಞᐜ‫ڪ‬䶘 ᵢ։਩‫ם‬䶘

⭫⊖ⴈᨈཪᨈ‫ޛ‬ਙ
δㅢ享ε
䚛᧝ಞ‫ؗ‬ਭ᧛᭬䜞

ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ
⭫⊖ⴈ
δㅢ享ε
䲚㠣ᧈ≊ਙ

␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺δㅢ享ε
䲚㠣䗽┚㖇δㅢ享ε
ᢁࣞ᣿⧥δ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰬ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍⭞ε
δㅢ享ε


 ߼༽ ࡓ⅗ֵ⭞ᰬ

 㻻‫ޛ‬ᒨ⭫⊖ 䚛᧝ಞᐨ㔅㻡രᇐօᰬδ䱨ⴍε


Ԅ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬр਌с䚛᧝ಞ


䚛᧝ಞ ᣼с䚛᧝ಞരᇐ䜞Ⲻ㷰ṉδᐜ
਩њ༺ε
δ‫ם‬㿼ഴε

䚛᧝ಞ
ᢎᷬ
ᢎᷬ
໏໷


ᢉᔶ䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻ⭫⊖ⴌθ↙ ॷᆍශ㷰ѓ࠶
㷰ṉ
⺤㻻‫  ޛ‬㢸  ਭᒨ⭫⊖ δቌㄥ䖹㓼ශε
δᐜ਩њ༺ε
਌с

ީ
ᔶ

⭫⊖ⴌ

Ș↙⺤㻻‫ޛ‬ᒨ⭫⊖੄θ䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻᱴ⽰⭱䶘

ѣՐᱴ⽰⑟ᓜㅿ㓝
Ș䚛᧝ಞ᤿䭤ᵠֵ⭞ᰬ䰪䗴ࡦ
  ࠼䫕ԛрᰬθ
ᱴ⽰Ր⎾ཧ


Ԅ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬр਌с䚛᧝ಞ
⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ

䚛᧝ಞ
ᢎᷬ
໏໷


ሼ䚛᧝ಞ㻻ഔ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬ

Ȏީӄᒨ⭫⊖
 Ȏ߃⅗രᇐᰬ

Ș䈭ࣗᗻֵ⭞⻧ᙝᒨ⭫⊖ȾѰҼ䱨↘ᒨ⭫⊖Ⲻ⹪㻸ᡌ
 ᤝ㍝㷰ṉδᐜ਩  Ѡεരᇐ
╅⏨θ䈭ࣗᗻ䚫ᆾсࡍӁ亯Ⱦ δ䈭व䗽ᓜᤝ㍝θੜࡏᴿਥ㜳ᦕඅ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬε
xᴪᦘᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻֵ⭞ੂ૷⢂Ⲻњ㢸᯦ᒨ⭫⊖Ⱦ
x䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞䚛᧝ಞᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻ਌࠰䚛᧝ಞ޻Ⲻᒨ
⭫⊖Ⱦ
x䈭वֵ⭞‫⭫ݻ‬ᕅᒨ⭫⊖Ⱦ


 κᢉᔶ⭫Ⓠ κᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶

 
ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ ᣼сؓᣚⴌ
x ௭౪жᰜծ࠰੄঩Ր㠠᭬ࣞഔ

 ⺤䇚ᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞рⲺ⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰
⚥ᱥੜć⛯ӤĈ
x у⛯Ӥᰬθ᤿сɇ⭫Ⓠᔶ  ީɈ᤿䭤঩ਥ⛯Ӥ
ֵ
⭞
ᯯ


ᇂ‫ޞ‬ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶 ⌋
ψԄ൦ᶵ䶘䘑≪ҁ൰ਾϊ

㔪
ψԄ໏໷䶘䘑≪ҁ൰ਾϊ ‫ؤ‬
ؓ
ሼ⭫Ⓠ䇴㖤ᡆćީĈ ‫ޱ‬
䈭 ᤿ с > ⭫ Ⓠ ᔶ  ީ @θ ሼ ⭫
Ⓠ䇴㖤ᡆćީĈȾ
Ь⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥Ր➺⚣Ⱦ


ᆿ㻻ؓᣚⴌ
x ؓᣚⴌⲺᆿ㻻ᗻ亱ӄ‫׵‬ಞⲺр䶘ૂ
‫ם‬䶘ੱਾθᆿ㻻੄у㜳ᴿ䰪䳏Ⱦ

ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ


 ะᵢֵ⭞ᯯ⌋
᤿с䚛᧝ಞⲺ᤿䫤θᵢ։᧛᭬ࡦ‫ؗ‬ਭ੄θՐଃ䎭⭫ᆆ丩Ⱦ
>㟶䜞@ȼߨ⍍㟶䜞Ⱦ
⍍߶ >䖱Ḋ@ȼ㻡ḊૂⲺ≪⍷ऻ㼯⵶ߨ⍍Ⱦ
>с䓡@ȼ⭞ӄྩᙝс䓡⍍߶Ⱦ
>ᣚ⨼@ȼߨ⍍ᴪཝ㤹പȾ

ᒨ⠛ >ᒨ⠛@ȼ✎ᒨ㟶䜞Ⱦ

>‫@↘ڒ‬
‫↘ڒ‬ ‫↘ڒ‬ᬃ֒Ⱦ

Șć㟶䜞⍍߶Ĉ >≪ࣵ@
Ƚ
ć㟶䜞䖱Ḋ⍍߶Ĉ
Ƚ
Șਥ䈹㢸ẙ≪ࣵȾδϧιϩᕧȽϧηϩᕰε
ćс䓡⍍߶Ĉԛ਀ćс䓡ᣚ⨼⍍߶Ĉ
Ș ᤿с⍍߶᤿䭤θቧ䘊ഔࡦḽ߼փ㖤δㅢẙεȾ
ֵ⭞ѣᰬθ᤿с᤿䭤঩ਥֵ⭞
Ⲻࣕ㜳ྸсȾ у䘊ഔࡦḽ߼փ㖤ᰬδㅢ享ε
Ș

>փ㖤@ ͩ
Ș䙐䗽ਥࢃ੄䈹㢸ẙ
Nj nj Nj ͩnj
⍍߶փ㖤Ⱦ
Ș᤿с⍍߶᤿䭤θቧ䘊ഔࡦ
ḽ߼փ㖤δㅢẙεȾ
>᩼ࣞ᤿᪟@ Șу䘊ഔࡦḽ߼փ㖤ᰬδㅢ享ε
∅᤿сж⅗᤿䭤θቧਥԛ࠽ᦘ䇴ᇐ޻ᇯȾ
 ᩼ࣞ⍍߶φ௭౪ੇࢃ੄〱ࣞθᢟཝ⍍߶㤹പ
 ᤿᪟⍍߶φ⭞ᕰᕧ≪ࣵ⍍߶
 ੂᰬ䘑㺂᩼ࣞ⍍߶ૂ᤿᪟⍍߶
 ީ 亱⸛
ආ൞‫׵‬ാрᰬታ䠅䶖੄θ⍍߶փ㖤ቧᇯ᱉ሯ߼θ
Ș

ҕуՐ࠰⧦Ⓕ≪Ⲻ⧦䊗Ⱦ

⭫⊖⭞ታ人઀⚥δㅢ享ε

Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
>Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ@>Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ@
ਥؓᆎᛞᡶ௒ླⲺć⍍߶փ㖤ĈȽ ć≪ࣵĈȽ ć⑟≪⑟ᓜĈⲺ䇴ᇐȾ
Șؓᆎ䇴ᇐ޻ᇯᰬ
⍍߶ѣθ ṯᦤᛞᡶ௒ླⲺ ć⍍߶փ㖤Ĉ Ƚ≪ࣵĈ
ć Ƚ⑟≪⑟ᓜĈθ
ć
᤿с > Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ @ ᡌ > Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ @ 〈ԛр
Șֵ⭞ᰬ
᤿с>Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ@ᡌ>Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ@੄θ߃ṯᦤ㠠ᐧ䴶㾷᤿с⍍߶᤿䭤


⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍ᡌᔶ䰣‫׵‬ᓝᰬ
>ཝߨ⍍@ 䘑㺂ཝߨ⍍Ⱦ
ߨ≪ >ቅߨ⍍@ 䘑㺂ቅߨ⍍Ⱦ

ᢉᔶᡌީ䰣 >
@ ᢉᔶᡌީ䰣‫׵‬ᓝȾ

௭౪䲚㨂
⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ᶛ␻⌷௭౪Ⱦ
Ș

ㅢ享

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘

㨒ঋ䘊ഔ᤿䭤
δㅢ享ε
Ș 䘑㺂䇴ᇐᰬ
Ș䘊ഔࡦрж⭱䶘ᰬ

ᱴ⽰⭱䶘
ď䘑㺂䇴ᇐㅿᰬ
䚛᧝ಞ᤿䭤ᵠֵ⭞ᰬ䰪䗴ࡦ〈ԛрᰬθᱴ⽰ ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸᤿䭤δㅢ享ε
Ր⎾ཧȾ Ș 䈹㢸⑟ᓜᰬ


 ะᵢֵ⭞ᯯ⌋ ީӄ㨒ঋ⭱䶘

ᬃ֒ㆶঋθ䇴ᇐ䖱ᶴέ
䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞਥ䇴ᇐ޻ᇯ
ж㿾Ⱦ
Ș䈜㓼䈪᱄䈭৸䰻⴮ީ享䶘Ⱦ
㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤

φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

φ⺤ᇐ
ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ
亯ⴤᮦ

㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
ď ≊઩⌷߶
ެԌ䇴ᇐ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

ďӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ


 ㅢቸ ㅢቸ

ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬  ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ 

 ‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬  㢸⭫ᰬ䰪
 ௭౪␻ᢡᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬
 ␻⌷ᇂᡆ

㢸⭫ 
 㠠ࣞ㢸⭫
 ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ 㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶ 
 㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
 ࡦᔶခߨ≪
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 
 㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 
 㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
 ␻⌷
 ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣
 ➝᱄
 ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ
 ᢉᔶᯯᕅ
≊઩⌷߶ 
 ≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬
␻⌷ 
 ≊઩⌷߶
 ௭౪䲚㨂
 ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
 䲚㠣

➝᱄ 
ެԌ䇴ᇐ   Ḋૂ➝᱄
 䱨↘ߦ߱
 ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
 ⭫ᆆ丩
 ␻⌷ѣ
 Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
 ≊઩⌷߶ѣ
 ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤


 㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 ␻⌷
ᒩᰬਥ⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ď 
ᶛ㠠ࣞ⍍߶௭౪ૂ‫׵‬ಞ
᧛䘇 ቧᓝ 䎭䓡
ď

ৱ䲚‫׵‬ಞ޻ᔸ઩
‫↘ڒ‬䲚㠣ࣕ㜳
䲚㠣 Į㓜  ࠼ 䫕 ੄ 㠠 ࣞ ‫↘ ڒ‬
䲚㠣㠠ࣞᔶခ

㠠ࣞ൦␻⌷௭౪
⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ď  δ
㓜〈੄ε
ᶛ㠠ࣞ␻⌷௭౪ Ьӻ䲆ӄֵ⭞⍍߶ࣕ㜳ᰬ
Į௭౪ծ࠰θԄ௭౪Ⲻṯ䜞
௭౪䲚㨂 ⍷࠰ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ď

䲚㨂≪௭䴴༺⨼
⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ď  人௭≪༺⨼ δ
௭౪㠠ࣞ␻⌷㔉ᶕ੄ε
ᶛ㠠ࣞ␻⌷‫׵‬ಞ Į ሯ‫׵‬ಞ޻䜞௭⍈≪䴴θ
ֵ⊗ෘу᱉䱺⵶Ⱦ Ь⍍߶ࣕ㜳уֵ⭞Ⲻ᛻߫сθ
㓜〈੄
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 Į ‫׵‬ಞ޻Ր௭⍈
ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ď 

人௭≪༺⨼ѣ ௭౪䲚㨂䗽ぁѣθ
䲚㨂≪௭䴴༺⨼䗽ぁѣ
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄ ⛯Ӥ
⛯Ӥ

␻⌷᤽⽰⚥ δ⛯Ӥε δᗠ⧥⛯Ӥε

䙐䗽ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ ď 
߶ौড⭕䰪Ⲻグ≊
ṯᦤֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫㠠ࣞ੥ࣞ
≊઩⌷߶ ď  Ьড⍍ѳਥ㠠ࣞ᧘⎁ࡦড⭕䰪Ⲻֵ⭞ᰬ䰪⇫θ㔅ᑮֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫Ր
ᨆᰟ࠼䫕ᔶခ੥ࣞθуའֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫‫↘ڒ‬ᐛ֒
ࡓခ䇴ᇐ
ɇ㠠ࣞɈ

≊઩⌷߶
᤽⽰⚥ď  δ⛯⚥ε


␻⌷ᰬ᤽⽰⚥ՐӤ䎭
Ȏ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥ ď  Ȏ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄ Ȏ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥ 
੥ࣞć≊઩⌷߶Ĉࣕ㜳ᰬθ ֵ⭞ć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉ ੥ࣞć␻⌷Ĉࣕ㜳ᰬθ
≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥⛯ӤȾ ࣕ㜳ᰬθ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄ቧՐ⛯Ӥ ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥⛯ӤȾ

␻⌷
ֵ
⭞
ࢃ

᤿с䚛᧝ಞрⲺ᤿䭤ҕਥֵ⭞
䈭ṯᦤᛞⲺ
Ȏ ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪
Ȏ亱⸛ ௒ླ䇴ᇐ ௭౪Ⲻ൰ਾ
 ֵ
⭞
Ь䲚㠣Ⲻᔶλީ ᤿с ᯯ
δㅢ  享ε δ⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪⍍߶௭౪Ⱦ
ε ⌋
‫׵‬ಞⲺ൰ਾ
 ᤿с 
Ьуֵ⭞⍍߶ࣕ㜳Ⲻᰬ䰪䗴ࡦ  Ѡቅᰬᐜ਩ 
Ь௭౪䲚㨂Ⲻᔶλީ 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ
ᰬθቧՐ㠠ࣞ൦ᔶခ௭౪⍍߶Ⱦ
δㅢ  享ε
δԄ௭౪ཌ༩䱺䘇⍷࠰⍍߶≪Ⱦε
 ᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 


Ь ‫׵‬ᓝᢉᔶⲺ⣬ᘷᰬθֵ⭞ࢃ௭䴴ૂֵ⭞੄ 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć␻⌷ᇂᡆĈ
௭䴴ሼᰖ⌋䘆֒Ⱦ 
Ь 人௭≪༺⨼㔉ᶕ੄θ௭౪䱺䘇Րᴿ≪⍷࠰Ⱦ Ь‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ⲻᔶλީ ᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
ࢃжѠӰֵ⭞੄Ⲻ㓜〈޻уՐ䘑㺂人௭ δㅢ  享ε xਥ൞‫׵‬ಞ޻௭⍈ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪Ⱦ
≪༺⨼Ⱦ
Ьуֵ⭞⍍߶ࣕ㜳Ⲻᰬ䰪䗴ࡦѠቅᰬᐜ਩ 亱⸛
ᰬθቧՐ㠠ࣞ൦ሼ䲚㨂≪௭⍈ࡦ‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⱦ
x௭౪ծ࠰ᡌආ൞‫׵‬ಞрᰬу㜳ֵ⭞Ⱦ


 ᐨ䱺⵶Ⲻ⊗ෘĊ
Ь௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄Ⲻ
ᔶλީ Ȏ൞ֵ⭞ѣ᝕㿿⊗ෘᰬθਥሼ௭౪
δㅢ  享ε 
ծ࠰䘑㺂ؓ‫ޱ‬ᐛ֒Ⱦ

z ௭౪Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬δ ㅢ  享ε

Ȏߨ≪Ⲻੂᰬ঩ਥ␻ᢡ‫׵‬ಞȾ
Ьć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉ
Ƚ
ć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 Ĉ
Ƚ
ć䲚㠣Ĉࣕ z ‫׵‬ಞⲺؓ‫ޱ‬δ ㅢ  享ε
Ь␻⌷᤽⽰⚥Ⲻ
㜳ࣞ֒ѣθ䈛᤽⽰⚥ቧՐ⛯Ӥᡌ䘑 ᔶީ ď ӶѾᱥᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ϋ
㺂ᗠ⧥⛯ӤȾ
δㅢ  享ε ᤽੡ᴿ⭧㠠ᶛ≪ѣⲺ≥ौ⢟⿱ᆆ⭕ᡆ
ආр‫׵‬ᓝᰬ᤽⽰⚥ᗠ⧥⛯Ӥε
Ⲻ⅗≥䞮Ⲻ≪θ䲚㨂≪㻡ᒵ⌑൦⭞ӄ
伕ᶆȽ 伕ಞԛ਀ྫྷ⬬ㅿⲺ⍍߶ૂ⎾∈Ⱦ ᗻ
Ь঩ֵᱥуֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫θ᧛䘇‫׵‬ಞᰬҕՐ Ь ≊઩⌷߶ x ֵ⭞㠠ᶛ≪ԛཌⲺ≪ᰬθᴿਥ㜳у㜳 㾷
ᔶခࣞ֒Ⱦδ㓜࠼䫕੄‫↘ڒ‬ε ᔶީ 
 ᗍࡦ┗ᝅⲺ᭾᷒Ⱦ
δഖ≥ौ⢟⿱ᆆ੡䠅 ᰬ
δㅢ  享ε ቇȾ
Ь 㓜ቅᰬ⅗θ൞уֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫Ր␻⌷ ε
޻䜞䜞૷Ⱦδ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥➺⚣ε Ь ≊઩⌷߶Ⲻᐛ֒ xćᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪ĈⲺ᭾᷒ᱥᣇ࡬⊗ෘⲺ
⁗ᕅ਎ᴪ ӝ⭕θᒬуᱥ䈪у⭞␻ᢡȾ
Ь䇴ᇐѰɇ䘔㔣Ɉᰬθ≊઩⌷߶у䰪ᯣᐛ֒Ⱦ 㠠ࣞλ䘔㔣
δㅢ  享ε x ᭾᷒фᤷ㔣ᰬ䰪ਥṯᦤֵ⭞⧥ູ਀ᶗ

Ԭ㙂ᴿᐤᔸȾ
ďഖѰ߼༽࠰✣≪θԄ௭౪䱺䘇
Ь ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥
Րᴿࠖ〈䫕࠰≪Ⱦ
ᔶީ
δㅢ  享ε ďӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ


 㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 ‫ࣕⲺ࡟׵‬㜳

ᵢӝ૷㻻ᴿ㠠ࣞᔶ  ީ
‫ࣕⴌ׵‬㜳ㅿ਺〃㠠ࣞࣕ
᧛䘇 ቧᓝ 䎭䓡
㜳Ⱦ
xсࡍ㺞⽰Ѱࡓခ䇴ᇐᰬⲺࣞ֒
⣬ᘷȾ

ֵ⭞‫׵‬ᓝᰬ

ߨ≪
δ㓜  〈੄
㠠ࣞߨ≪

㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍
ㄏ⵶ቅ‫׵‬ᰬ

ֵ⭞‫׵‬ᓝᰬ

㠠ࣞީ䰣‫׵‬
㠠ࣞᢉ ⴌ
δԄ
 ‫׵‬ᓝр䎭
ᔶ‫ⴌ׵‬
䓡ᒬ㔅䗽㓜
‫ⴌ׵‬㠠ࣞ൦ᢉᔶ  〈੄ε

㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
ㄏ⵶ቅ‫׵‬ᰬ

㠠ࣞᢉ
ᔶ‫ⴌ׵‬
ď䈭⭞䚛᧝
ಞᢉᔶ
‫׵‬ᓝȾ

ѣㅿ⁗ 儎ㅿ⁗ ѣㅿ⁗ᕅ⛯Ӥ

⭞ḊૂⲺ➝᱄‫ݿ‬㓵➝Ӥ ᕅ⛯Ӥ ᕅ⛯Ӥ δ䎭䓡੄㓜〈ε
⍍ᢁ䰪޻

Ḋૂ➝᱄


 ⿱ᔶ
ֵ
 ⭞
ࢃ
Ȏ䈭ṯᦤᛞⲺ
亱⸛ ௒ླ䇴ᇐ

x ԛс᛻߫ᰬθуᢝ㺂㠠ࣞߨ⍍Ⱦ
ֵ
→ ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍੄Ⲻ㓜  〈޻
⭞

ආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрⲺᰬ䰪ቅӄ㓜  〈ᰬ ᯯ
 ⭭Ӱቅ‫׵‬ᰬㄏ൞‫׵‬ಞࢃⲺᰬ䰪ቅӄ㓜  〈ᰬ ⌋
x
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐⲺᔶ  ީ
δֵ⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂ߨ⍍ε 
x ࡦᔶခߨ≪Ѱ↘Ⲻᰬ䰪
x ṯᦤආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрⲺᰬ䰪θཝȽቅߨ⍍ᯯ
δ 〈  〈  〈ε
ᕅ㠠ࣞ࠽ᦘȾ δㅢ  享ε
 㓜  㠩  〈 ć
 ቅߨ⍍Ĉ
ߨ≪ 㓜  〈ԛр ć  ཝߨ⍍Ĉ
⿱ᔶ‫׵‬ಞ㓜 FP ԛрᒬ㔅䗽㓜  x ੇ≪㇧޻⌞≪ᰬδᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻ᤽⽰⚥
〈੄θቧᔶခćቅߨ⍍Ĉε 䰠⛷ᰬεу㜳䘑㺂‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍Ⱦ
㔪
‫ؤ‬
ؓ
‫ޱ‬

x ᇚ⑟䎻䗽㓜 đᰬθഖ᝕ᓊಞỶ⎁ࣕ
x 㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐⲺᔶ  ީ
㜳у੥ࣞθ‫ⴌ׵‬ᴿਥ㜳уՐ㻡㠠ࣞᢉᔶȾ x ࡦᢉᔶᡶ䴶ᰬ䰪
δ↚ᰬθ䈭⭞ᢁᢉᔶᡌީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ε δ 〈  〈  〈ε
x ⭞ᢁީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ᰬθ൞㓜  〈޻у㜳੥ x ࡦީ䰣ᡶ䴶ᰬ䰪
ࣞ㠠ࣞᢉᔶࣕ㜳Ⱦδ↚ᰬθ䈭⭞ᢁᢉᔶ δ 〈  〈ε
ᡌީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ε x ӻሼ‫ⴌ׵‬㠠ࣞᢉᔶθᡌሼ‫׵‬
x ⋗ᴿආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрᰬȽආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрᡌㄏ൞ ᓝૂ‫ⴌ׵‬ж䎭㠠ࣞᢉᔶ
‫׵‬ಞࢃⲺᰬ䰪ᖾ⸣ᰬθ‫ⴌ׵‬䗽  ࠼䫕ᢃ δㅢ  享ε
Ր㠠ࣞީ䰣Ⱦ

㠠ࣞީ䰣‫ ⴌ׵‬Ƚ ‫׵‬ᓝ

δ⿱ᔶ㓜 FP ԛрᒬ㔅䗽㓜  〈੄ε

ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ
քㅿ⁗ᕅ
⛯Ӥ x Ḋૂ➝᱄Ⲻᔶλީ
δ㓜㔅〈੄⚣⚥ε δㅢ  享ε


 ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸 ⑟≪  ‫׵‬ᓝ  ᒨ⠛

ਥ䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸Ⲻㅿ㓝ૂćީĈȾ

 Ԅ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬр਌с䚛᧝ಞ
Ѱ䱨ⴍരᇐ䚛᧝ಞᰬδㅢ  享ε
 ᤿сϧ⑟ᓜϩ

⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᢎᷬ ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ

⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘

⑟ᓜ䈹㢸᤿䭤

φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

⌞ᝅ
Ș൞䇴ᇐᰬθཝ㓜〈޻у᤿ެԌ᤿䭤ᰬᱴ⽰ኅ⭱䶘Ր➺⚣Ⱦ
䇴ᇐ䘎ᵠᇂᡆⲺ᛻߫сθ䈭䘊ഔࡦ↛僚Ⱦ


 䙐䗽 䘿᤟ᜩ㾷䇴ᇐⲺ
⑟ᓜ䈹㢸亯ⴤ  ᤿с 䘿᤟ᛞ  䇴ᇐ㔉ᶕ !
ᡶ௒ླⲺ⑟ᓜ

⑟≪⑟ᓜ ⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ ‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ

⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ
ީďȼքȼȼȼȼȼȼ儎
⑟≪⑟ᓜ
൞ᱴ⽰ćީĈ
ҁࢃ᤿с
⑟≪⑟ᓜ
:$7(57(03
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
6($7 7(03
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ
'5<(57(03

ީȼքȼȼȼȼȼȼ儎

‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ ൞ᱴ⽰ćީĈ
ҁࢃ᤿с

൞ćީĈ⣬ᘷᰬ‫׵‬ᓝ⚥➺⚣Ⱦ

ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ
քȼȼȼȼȼȼ儎

⋗ᴿćީĈȾ

ďѰҼ䱨↘㔉䵨θ঩ֵ༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷθ⑟≪⑟ᓜҕуՐс䲃ࡦ đԛсȾ


 㢸⭫ࣕ㜳 〃㊱

⍍ᢁ䰪ֵ⭞仇⦽քⲺᰬ䰪⇫θ㠠ࣞ䲃ք‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣⑟ᓜδᡌީ䰣ࣖ✣ಞεԛ䗴ࡦ㢸⭫ⴤⲺȾ
z ć㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ĈⲺ䈓θ䴶㾷㣧㓜ཟᰬ䰪ᶛ䟽䳼ড⭕䰪уའֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫Ⱦ

㢸⭫ѣⲺ⣬ᘷȼȼȼ
〃㊱ ⧦䊗
ᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞

䇴ᇐ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ᰬĊ ࡦ䗴㢸⭫ᰬ䰪⇫ᰬĊ
ᜩ㢸⭫θ৾уᑂᵑ‫׵‬ᓝའ δ㔵㢨ε

߿
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ 1(25(67ՐỶ⎁ࡦֵ⭞仇⦽քⲺᰬ䰪
⇫θᒬ㠠ࣞ䲃ք‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜԛ䗴ࡦ㢸
⭫ⲺⴤⲺȾ
δ㔵㢨ε δ₏㢨ε

䇴ᇐ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ᰬĊ ࡦ䗴㢸⭫ᰬ䰪⇫ᰬĊ
ਠᜩ൞⢯ᇐⲺᰬ䰪⇫޻
㢸⭫
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ жᰜ䇴ᇐ㢸⭫Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫੄
δቅᰬቅᰬቅᰬεθ∅ཟ൞
䘏Ѡᰬ䰪⇫޻‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ಞ㠠ࣞ༺ӄ
࠽ᯣ⣬ᘷԛ䗴ࡦ㢸⭫ⲺⴤⲺȾ δ㔵㢨ε δ₏㢨ε

䇴ᇐ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ᰬĊ ࡦ䗴㢸⭫ᰬ䰪⇫ᰬĊ
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ф㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ਥੂ
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ ᰬֵ⭞θԛ䗴ࡦᖱᓋ㢸⭫ Ș㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ѣ
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ᰬⲺ᤽⽰⚥
η ⲺⴤⲺȾ ᱴ⽰⣬ᘷδྸрε

ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ф㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ੂᰬ䇴ᇐ
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ ᰬθ঩ֵу൞ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ѣҕՐ੥ࣞ
Șᇐᰬ㢸⭫ѣ
㠠ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ᰬⲺ᤽⽰
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳Ⱦ ⚥ᱴ⽰⣬ᘷδྸрε
δ㔵㢨ε

亱⸛ z঩ֵ‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ಞ༺ӄɇք⑟Ɉᡌɇ࠽ᯣɈ⣬ᘷθආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрᲸᰬ䘎Ր᝕ࡦ⑟᳌Ⱦ



 ֵ
⭞
ȼȼȼȼȼȼȼȼȼ рॾ сॾ ࢃ
‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ಞ      

ׁ  ֵ⭞仇⦽քⲺᰬ䰪⇫Ѱсॾ  ⛯㠩рॾ  ⛯ᰬ

䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜ ď ֵ
⭞
ք⑟ ď ք⑟ ď
ᯯ
⌋
ք⑟

ׁ  䇴ᇐᰬ䰪Ѱрॾ  ⛯㠩сॾ  ⛯ᰬ 㔪
‫ؤ‬
䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜ ď 䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜ ď ؓ
‫ޱ‬

ީ ď

ׁ ੂᰬ䇴ᇐᇐᰬ㢸⭫ૂ㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ᰬ

ք⑟ 䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜď 䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜ ď

ք⑟ ď ք⑟ ď
ީ ᗻ
㾷
ީ ď ᰬ

ďᱥ൞ㅢ  享ѣᡶ䇴ᇐⲺ‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜȾ
ďᱥ㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳੥ֵࣞ‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ಞ༺ӄćք⑟Ĉ⣬ᘷⲺᰬ䰪⇫Ⱦ
ďᱥ‫׵‬ᓝࣖ✣ಞ༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷⲺᰬ䰪⇫Ⱦ

㢸⭫䇴ᇐㅢ ・ 享

 㢸⭫ࣕ㜳 䇴ᇐⲺᯯ⌋

ᇐᰬ㢸⭫θ䈭䇴ᇐᡆᔶခ㢸⭫Ⲻᰬ䰪Ⱦ


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

㠠ࣞ㢸⭫

㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬
㢸⭫
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䙐䗽 θ 䘿᤟ć㢸⭫Ĉ
θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

㢸⭫ 
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ ީ
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘 ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤

φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

φ⺤ᇐ

䘶࠰㢸⭫⁗ᕅ

䇴ᇐ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳ᰬθ
㢸⭫᤽⽰⚥δ㔵㢨ε⛯ӤȾ


 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟
ć㠠ࣞ㢸⭫Ĉ
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
䘿᤟
ީ

>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟
ćᔶ  ީĈθ᤿с
> Șߩᇐ @
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
䘿᤟
ᔶ

>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

ᔶ੥㠠ࣞ㢸⭫

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟
ćᇐᰬ㢸⭫Ĉ
> Șߩᇐ @
θ᤿с
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞ㢸⭫
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
䘿᤟
ީ

>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽  䘿᤟㢸
⭫ᰬ䰪ć ቅᰬĈȽ
ć ቅᰬĈȽć ቅ

ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
㢸⭫ᰬ䰪

䘿᤟

ቅᰬ

>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ੥ᇐᰬ㢸⭫

ᰬĈȽćީĈθ᤿с 䘊ഔᰬ
> Șߩᇐ @

Ȏ
ᴪ᭯ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ᰬ䰪ᰬ 䠃᯦䇴ᇐᡆᔶခᇐᰬ㢸⭫Ⲻᰬ䰪

൞р䶘Ⲻ਺Ѡ↛僚  ѣ䘿᤟ 㢸⭫ 

ćީĈθ᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ ީ ީ䰣㠠ࣞ㢸⭫
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
δׁφ㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ε
䘊ഔᰬ


 㔪‫ޱؓؤ‬
䆜઀ ᵢ։δ䙐ᑮε
൞ؓ‫ޱ‬ᡌ⛯Ỷᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻީ䰣䞃
⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ
xੜࡏਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭䀜⭫ᡌ᭻䳒

ď
൞ؓ‫ޱ‬ᰬθѰҼᆿ‫ޞ‬ ⭞≪⎮䗽Ⲻ䖥ᐹ gড⭕㓮
䎭㿷θ䈭ࣗᗻީ䰣䞃 gᒨᐹ
gቲ嗏࡭
⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫ⓆȾ ሲ㠪ᦕ՚Ⲻ৕ഖ

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

⭞⎮≪੄ᤝᒨⲺ䖥ᐹ䘑㺂ᬜᤣ
 Ȏᖾ㝅Ⲻᰬُ

x䈭⭞䖥ᐹ⋴р〶䠀੄Ⲻ৞ᡵ⭞ѣᙝ⍍⏚ࡸᬜᤣθ
ᵢ։ 䳅੄߃⭞␻≪ᬜᤣᒨ߶Ⱦ

⭫Ⓠᨈཪ ‫׵‬ಞ
g৞ᡵ⭞ѣᙝ⍍⏚ࡸ g俏㭿≪
g⊳⋯
gৱ⊗㊿

ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ
䈭व⭞ᒨᐹᡌড⭕㓮
ᬜᤣງᯏ䜞ԬȾ 
ሲ㠪ᦕ՚Ⲻ৕ഖ
㾷≸

Ș 1(25(67 ᱥ⭫ಞӝ૷Ⱦ䈭वֵ≪䘑‫޻ޛ‬䜞ᡌ൞ᵢ։ф‫׵‬ಞⲺ
ďуऻᤢć௭౪␻ᢡĈ
Ƚć‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡĈࣕ㜳ᰬ 㕓䳏䜞⇁⮏⍍⏚ࡸȾ δਥ㜳Րᦕ՚ງᯏ䜞࠼ᡌᕋ䎭᭻䳒εȾ
ď൞ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠཝ㓜  㠩  〈Ⲻᰬ䰪޻θ‫ⴌ׵‬ Ș ֵ⭞োᡶ⭞⍍⏚ࡸ␻ᢡ‫׵‬ಞ޻ᰬθ䈭൞  ࠼䫕޻ሼެߨ⍍
уՐ㠠ࣞᢉᔶδഖ᳌ᵰ䘆䖢ѣεθ↚ᰬθ䈭⭞ᢁᢉᔶ ᒨ߶θ䳅੄ሼ‫׵‬ᓝ‫ⴌ׵‬㖤ӄᢉᔶ⣬ᘷȾ
g
ᡌީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬Ⱦ
x䈭ሼ⇁⮏൞‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ⍍⏚ࡸᬜᒨ߶Ⱦ
δੜࡏθ⍍⏚ࡸѣⲺ⊳ौ≊։Ր䘑‫ޛ‬ᵢ։㙂ሲ㠪᭻䳒ε
Ș 䈭व⭞࣑᤿ুᡌᕰ᣿௭౪㖟ⴌȾ
δਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⹪ᦕᡌ᭻䳒ε
Ș 䈭ֵ⭞⭞≪⎮䗽Ⲻ䖥ᐹᬜᤣ‫׵‬ᓝ㜂䶘ૂ‫׵‬ᓝ㕉ߨ෡Ⱦ
δ⊗⑃䱺⵶ᰬ਎㢨Ⲻ৕ഖε


 ‫׵‬ಞδ䙐ᑮε

gѐࣗрⲺ䞮ᙝȽ⻧ᙝ⍍⏚ࡸ
g੡⹊⼞ࡸⲺ⍍⏚ࡸ
g傢Ậ࡭
g≕㌱⍍⏚ࡸδ੡≕ौ≘Ƚ≕ौ䬫ε
gোᡶ⭞ѣᙝ⍍⏚
g䠇ኔ࡭
g੡⹊⼞ࡸⲺቲ嗏࡭

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

䈭⭞傢Ậ࡭ㅿሯ‫׵‬ಞ䘑㺂␻⌷ؓ‫ޱ‬
 Ȏਥԛ൞ߨ≪Ⲻੂᰬᇂᡆ␻ᢡȾ

x䈭ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻᯣ䐥ಞȾ
Ȏ‫׵‬ಞ๫ດᰬ

x䈭ֵ⭞ֵ⭞ᐸ୤Ⲻ䲚๫ດᐛޭθ
ᢁࣞ⌫ъ⺤ؓ‫׵‬ಞр䜞䐓㫺≪䶘
ψ‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡϊ
FPԛрȾ
x᤿䭤փӄ䚛᧝ಞⲺ㜂䶘Ⱦ ㅢ  享 δਥ㜳Ր䙖ᡆ⊗≪ཌⓘȽᇚ޻⑍≪ε

 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ
ງᯏ
㟒ㅿ
䲚๫ດᐛޭ
 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ

FPԛр
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć‫׵‬ಞ␻ᢡᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ

Ȏ൦ᶵᔺ㝅ᰬ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ x⭞ᤝᒨⲺᣯᐹᬜᒨ߶δੜࡏਥ㜳Րሲ
㠪൦ᶵ㞆㲶ᡌ࠰⧦⊗ⰋȾε
x⭭ᆆቅ‫׵‬ᰬθѰҼࠅቇቅ‫Ⲻ׵‬伔Ⓕθ
x‫׵‬ಞ޻Րߨ≪δ㓜  〈ε
ᔰ䇤ආ⵶ቅ‫׵‬Ⱦ
x䈭␻ᢡ‫׵‬ಞȾ
ȼȼȼ
x‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ≪㻡ᧈ࠰θ≪䶘с䲃δ㓜  〈ε
ȼȼȼ
x‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ≪㻡ᧈ࠰θᚘགྷࡦ৕ᶛⲺ≪փ
x᭴≪䗽ぁѣᜩ‫↘ڒ‬ᰬθ᤿с >↘@

ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

㾷≸
Ș 䈭वֵ⭞ޭᴿᤞ≪ᙝᡌ䱨⊗ᙝⲺ⍍⏚ࡸᡌ㺞䶘⎸ቸࡸȾ㲳❬уՐᦕ՚䲬ಞ㺞䶘θռᱥθ⍍⏚ࡸᡌ㺞䶘
⎸ቸࡸⲺᡆ࠼㾼ⴌ䲬ಞ㺞䶘θՐሲ㠪у㜳‫࠼ݻ‬ਇᥛ䱨⊗᭾᷒Ⱦ






 㔪‫ޱؓؤ‬
ᵢ։ૂ‫׵‬ಞ䰪㕓䳏䜞࠼Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬ δⴤḽφ∅ᴾжഔε

⭞␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺ᣢ䎭ᵢ։੄θਥ␻ᢡᵢ։ф
‫׵‬ಞҁ䰪Ⲻ㕓䳏Ⱦ

⭞⎮≪੄ᤝᒨⲺ䖥ᐹ ড⭕㓮ㅿ
ሲ㠪ᦕ՚Ⲻ৕ഖ

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

ᢉᔶ‫׵‬ᓝ g ‫ⴌ׵‬

᣿࠰␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺ࡦᓋѰ↘θ❬੄
 ᖶсᰁࣞ
δᵢ։Ⲻࢃ‫ם‬Րᣢ儎ε
␻ᢡ㕓䳏䜞
 䈭⭞䖥ᐹ⋴р〶䠀੄Ⲻ৞ᡵ⭞ѣᙝ⍍⏚ࡸ੄ᬜ
ᤣᵢ։θ䳅੄߃⭞␻≪ᬜᤣᒨ߶θԛ‫ރ‬ሼ⍍
␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺

⏚ࡸ⇁⮏൞ᵢ։р

␻ᢡᇂ∋੄θ᣿࠰␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺ࡦ
 ᓋѰ↘θ❬੄ᖶрᰁࣞȾ
⌞ᝅ
ᬃ֒␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺ᰬ
ȼ࠽वሼᢁ᤽᭴‫ޛ‬ᵢ։ф‫׵‬ಞҁ䰪Ⱦ
ȼ൞ᵢ։ᣢ䎭Ⲻ⣬ᘷс࠽वֵ⭞Ⱦ

亱⸛
z࠽व⴪᧛⍈р௭ሺᕅ⍍⏚ࡸᡌ≪Ⱦ
z࠽व⭞࣑ু൞␻ᢡ⭞ᨆॽ᷺рȾ
 z൞ᵢ։ᣢ䎭Ⲻ⣬ᘷс࠽वࣿᕰ〱ࣞ‫ ׵‬ᓝg ‫׵‬
ⴌȾ
 ᵢ։གྷփ੄θᨆॽ᷺ᰁ䖢ླ੄䈭⺤䇚ᱥੜࡦփθ
у㜳シ࠰ӄ‫׵‬ಞ‫ם‬䶘

ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧⭫Ⓠ



 ᵢ։ૂ‫ⴌ׵‬䰪㕓䳏䜞࠼Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬ δⴤḽφ∅ᴾжഔε
ֵ
᣼с‫ⴌ׵‬θֵ␻⌷ؓ‫ޱ‬ᴪࣖᖱᓋȾ ⭞
ࢃ

⭞⎮≪੄ᤝᒨⲺ䖥ᐹ ড⭕㓮ㅿ
ሲ㠪ᦕ՚Ⲻ৕ഖ

 ީ䰣䞃⭫ⓆⲺ⭫㇧
㻻মᯯ⌋ ֵ
⭞
ᯯ
᤿➝с䶘᤽⽰䜞փ਀亰ᓅ
 ᣼с‫ⴌ׵‬
&
⭞ਂᢁᤵօ
⌋

$ ‫ੇⴌ׵‬ཌ‫ᤞם‬ᔶ
%
% ሼ䬦䬴䜞Ԅ࠮䜞рᤊ࠰੄
ੇрᨆ䎭
& ਌с‫ⴌ׵‬ $
 㔪
‫ؤ‬
 䈭ᤝᒨ⒵⏜Ⲻ䖥ᐹᶛᬜᤣ
'
䬶
( ؓ
‫ޱ‬
䬦䬴䜞
ᆿ㻻‫ⴌ׵‬
 ' ᆿ㻻ᐜ‫Ⲻם‬䬦䬴ሼ‫ੇⴌ׵‬㠠䓡
ᯯੇ‫ٴ‬ᯒ
䬦䬴䜞 ࠮䜞

$ ੂᰬ‫ੇⴌ׵‬ཌ‫ᤞם‬ᔶ
( ሼ䬦䬴䜞ᆿ㻻ࡦ࠮䜞р
ď 䈭⌞ᝅу㾷཯ࡦᢁ᤽Ⱦ

 ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

 ᔶ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬θ⺤䇚ᆿ㻻⣬ᘷ ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ


 㔪‫ޱؓؤ‬

ީ䰣䘑≪䀈䰶
 x‫↘ڒ‬䘑≪

⌞ᝅ
ᖉ䘑≪䀈䰶㻡ᢉᔶᰬθу㾷਌с䘑
≪䗽┚㻻㖤
δੜࡏՐ䙖ᡆ௭≪ε

௭౪ծ࠰
 x䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻ᤿䭤䘑㺂ᬃ֒Ⱦ

 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤  䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć௭౪␻ᢡ
ᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪ծ࠰

߃᤿ж⅗ > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪㕟

ഔ

δᧈグ䘑≪㇗޻Ⲻু࣑ε


 䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬δⴤḽφঀᒪжഔε
Ƀྸ᷒᝕㿿⍍߶≪ࣵቅᰬɄ

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

਌сⴌᆆȽ䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤
 x ⭞жᆍශ㷰ѓ࠶ᶴᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶੄᣿࠰

ؓᣚⴌ

䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤

⭞⢏࡭ㅿ␻䲚䗽┚㖇рⲺ⚦቎
 xੂᰬ␻䲚䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤ᆿ㻻ᆊѣⲺඹ൴

 ᆿ㻻䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤Ƚⴌᆆ
x 㻻‫ޛ‬䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤੄θ⭞жᆍශ㷰ѓ࠶⺤ᇔᤝ㍝

ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶
 ㅢ  享ε


 㔪‫ޱؓؤ‬
䲚㠣䗽┚㖇Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬δⴤḽφ∅ᴾжഔε
Ƀ᝕㿿‫׵‬ಞ޻ᴿ㠣઩ᰬɄ

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

᣼с䲚㠣䗽┚㖇
 ᣉօ䲚㠣䗽┚㖇ੇཌ᣿
䈭वᕰ㺂ᖶཌ᣿δਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭᭻䳒ᡌᦕ՚ε

䲚㠣䗽┚㖇 ᣉօ

⭞⢏࡭ㅿ␻䲚䗽┚㖇рⲺ⚦቎
䲚㠣䗽┚㖇
 䗽┚㖇␻⍍੄θࣗᗻᬜᒨ੄ᢃ㜳ᆿ㻻

⢏࡭

௭౪
ᆿ㻻䲚㠣䗽┚㖇
 ⺤ᇔ൦ᨈ‫ޛ‬䲚㠣䗽┚㖇θ⴪㠩੢ࡦć૊೉Ĉ༦Ѱ↘

ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ



 ௭౪Ⲻؓ‫ޱ‬δⴤḽφ∅ᴾжഔε
Ƀ௭౪␻ᢡɄ᝕㿿⊗ෘћ䠃ᰬ

⭞⎮≪੄ᤝᒨⲺ䖥ᐹ ড⭕㓮ㅿ
ሲ㠪ᦕ՚Ⲻ৕ഖ

௭౪ծ࠰
 䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻ᤿䭤䘑㺂ᬃ֒Ⱦ

 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć௭౪␻ᢡᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

x௭౪ծ࠰੄Ր⍷࠰⍍߶≪
x㓜  ࠼䫕੄Ր㠠᭬ࣞഔ

䈭⭞䖥ᐹ⋴≪ᬜᤣ
 x䈭वሼ௭౪ཪᕰ㺂ཌ᣿ᡌ޻᧞
δਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭⹪ᦕᡌ᭻䳒ε

᤿с䚛᧝ಞ↙䶘Ⲻ > ‫@ ↘ڒ‬

 x௭౪᭬ഔ


 㔪‫ޱؓؤ‬
䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤δ‫׵‬ಞε
δⴤḽφঀᒪжഔε

᣼сؓᣚⴌ ᤝᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶Ⲻ㷰∃θ਌࠰䘑
  ≪䗽┚㖇
↚ᰬθ䈭ֵ⭞ؓᣚⴌδᐜε㜂䶘䱺ᴿⲺᔶ
䰣ᐛޭδ䱺Ԭε

㷰∃ 䘑≪䗽┚㖇

㜂䶘䱺ᴿᔶ䰣ᐛޭδ䱺Ԭε

ީ䰣䘑≪䀈䰶δㅢ  享ε ᔶ䰣ᐛޭ
 ⌞ᝅ ਌с䘑≪䗽┚㖇θ⭞⢏࡭ㅿ␻
ᖉ䘑≪䀈䰶㻡ᢉᔶᰬθу
㾷਌с䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤
 䲚䗽┚㖇рⲺ㝅⊗
уֵ⭞⍍⏚ࡸ
δੜࡏՐ䙖ᡆ௭≪ε у㾷⭞࣑ᥚু䘑≪䗽┚㖇
δੜࡏՐሲ㠪਎ᖘⲺ৕ഖε
㝅⊗Ƚ๫ດћ䠃ᰬθ䘑㺂ᴪᦘ
 ௭౪ծ࠰
Ь䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻ᤿䭤䘑㺂ᬃ֒Ⱦ


 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ ⢏࡭

䘑≪䗽┚㖇
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
㻻‫ޛ‬䘑≪䗽┚㖇θᤝр䘑≪䀈


䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć௭౪␻ᢡ
 䰶Ⲻ㷰∃
ᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪ծ࠰

߃᤿ж⅗ > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪

㕟ഔ
δᧈグ䘑≪㇗޻Ⲻু࣑ε

ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ


 ≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇 ďδⴤḽφ∅ᴾжഔε
ψ䘑‫ޛ‬ড⭕䰪᝕㿿ᴿ㠣઩ᰬϊ ֵ
ᤝ㍝䘑≪䀈䰶Ⲻ㷰∃ ⭞
  ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧⭫Ⓠθ਌࠰ ࢃ
≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇
Ь ᣉօ䗽┚㖇θᯒсᯯ᣿࠰
Ь 䈭वᕰ㺂ᖶཌ᣿δਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭
᭻䳒ᡌᦕ՚ε ֵ
⭞
ᯯ
ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶δㅢ  享ε ⌋
 ⺤䇚䘑≪䀈䰶ૂ䞃㇗䘔᧛䜞ᴿᰖ╅≪ ≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇

 ሼᔶ䰣ᐛޭ᭴ഔ৕փθᆿ㻻
ؓᣚⴌ

㔪
‫ؤ‬
 ⭞⢏࡭ㅿ␻䲚䗽┚㖇р
Ⲻ⚦቎
ؓ
‫ޱ‬
Ь 䗽┚㖇␻⍍੄θࣗᗻᬜᒨ੄ᢃ㜳ᆿ㻻
⢏࡭

 ؓᣚⴌⲺᆿ㻻ᗻ亱ф‫׵‬ಞⲺр䶘ૂ
‫ם‬䶘ੱਾθᆿ㻻੄у㜳ᴿ䰪䳏Ⱦ

 ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧⭫Ⓠ
 ᆿ㻻ླ≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇θ
ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫㖇

ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ

g⺤ᇔ൦ᨈ‫ޛ‬䗽┚㖇θ⴪ࡦ੢ࡦ
ć૊೉Ĉ༦Ѱ↘

ďӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ

 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ 䇴ᇐж㿾㺞

⑟≪⑟ᓜ
‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ
ᒨ⠛⑟ᓜ

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘

䇴ᇐ〃㊱

㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
ࡦᔶခߨ≪

㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ
ᢉᔶᯯᕅ
㠠
ࣞ ௭౪䲚㨂
ࣕ
㜳 ␻⌷ ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䲚㠣
Ḋૂ➝᱄
➝᱄ ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
␻⌷ѣ
≊઩⌷߶ѣ
≊઩⌷߶ᔶ䰣
≊઩⌷߶
㠠ࣞ≊઩⌷߶
䱨↘ߦ߱
⭫ᆆ丩
ެԌ䇴ᇐ
Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤


 ֵ
⭞
ࢃ
䇴ᇐⲺᯯ⌋
ਥ᭯਎䇴ᇐ ď
৸㘹享
xᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ ᔶλީ
ㅢ 享
ֵ
x᭯਎Ԅ䎭䓡੄ࡦ㠠ࣞߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞᡶ䰪䳊Ⲻᰬ䰪
⭞
 〈λ  〈λ  〈 ᯯ
xᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅᢉᔶᡌީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬
⌋
ᔶλީ
x᭯਎㠠ࣞᯯᕅީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ᡶ䴶Ⲻᰬ䰪 〈 λ 〈
ㅢ 享

x ᴪ᭯ᢁࣞީ䰣ᰬࡦс⅗㠠ࣞᢉᔶⲺᰬ䰪  〈λ  〈λ  〈

x 㠠ࣞᔶ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬㠠ࣞᔶ䰣‫׵‬ᓝૂ‫ⴌ׵‬
‫ⴌ׵‬λ‫׵‬ᓝ・‫ⴌ׵‬
㔪
xᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅ⍍߶௭౪ ᔶλީ ‫ؤ‬
ؓ
xᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅሯ‫׵‬ಞࣖԛ䲚㨂≪௭⍈༺⨼ ᔶλީ ㅢ  享 ‫ޱ‬

xආ൞‫׵‬ᓝр੄ᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅ䘑㺂䲚㠣༺⨼ ᔶλީ
xᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞Ḋૂ➝᱄⚥ ᔶλީ
xᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞➝൞‫׵‬ಞ‫➝Ⲻޝ‬᱄ಞޭ ᔶλީ
ㅢ  享
xᱥੜ㾷ֵ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥ਇ‫ݿ‬ ᔶλީ

xᱥੜ㾷ֵ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥ਇ‫ݿ‬
ᔶλީ

xᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞≊઩⌷߶ ᔶλީ
ㅢ  享
x 㔅ᑮֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫㠠ࣞ䘑㺂≊઩⌷߶
 㠠ࣞλ䘔㔣 ᗻ
ᑮᰬ䘔㔣ᐛ֒
㾷
x ᱥੜ䇟≪ؓᤷ⍷ࣞθ䱨↘ߦ߱
 ᔶλީ ᰬ
δ⍷ࣞᯯᕅoㅢ  享ε

x ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭫ᆆ丩呙ଃ ᔶλީ
ㅢ  享
x ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐࣕ㜳 ᔶλީ
x ᱥੜ㾷䇴ᇐᛞᡶ௒ླⲺ≪ࣵ g ⍍߶փ㖤 ᔶλީ
ď⭞唇㢨ᆍ։޻ᇯѰࡓခ䇴ᇐȾ


 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ
≊઩⌷߶

㨒ঋ 
ᱥੜ䴶㾷߶ौ≊઩

 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬
㢸⭫
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
≊઩⌷߶
ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬

൞㔅ᑮֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫㠠ࣞ䘑㺂

 䙐䗽
䘿᤟ć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
θ
㨒ঋ
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
≊઩⌷߶
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
 ≊઩߶ौу䰪ᯣ൦߶ौ≊઩

≊઩⌷߶

㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


䙐䗽 θ 㨒ঋ  ᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞࣕ㜳Ĉ θ 㢸⭫

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @  㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶

䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ 㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ĉ θ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 䘿᤟ > ߩᇐ@᤿ু Ș


䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘

᭯਎Ԅ䎭䓡੄ࡦ㠠ࣞ
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶  ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞᡶ䰪䳊Ⲻᰬ䰪
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ ᔶ
ࡦᔶခߨ≪ 〈
δ 〈  〈  〈ε
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ࡦᔶခߨ≪ ď
䈛ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ䇴ᇐ亯ⴤ 㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤
 㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
 ࡦᔶခߨ≪ φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ
φ⺤ᇐ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
≊઩⌷߶
≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬


≊઩⌷߶㠠ࣞ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু δ࠽ᦘᔶခᡌ㘻‫↘ڒ‬θ䈭߃᤿жсε

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ
≊઩⌷߶
≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬


≊઩⌷߶㠠ࣞ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ ≊઩⌷߶ 
≊઩⌷߶䇴ᇐѰ䘔㔣
≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞ  䘔㔣Ĉθ ≊઩⌷߶䘔㔣
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 䘿᤟ > ߩᇐ@᤿ুȘ
䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐĈ
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
ࡦᔶခߨ≪
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ


〈

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
ࡦᔶခߨ≪
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ީ


〈
ީ䰣㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćࡦᔶခߨ≪Ĉ
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
ࡦᔶခߨ≪
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ


〈

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć 〈Ĉ
ć 〈ĈȽ
Ƚ
ć 〈Ĉθ
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
ࡦᔶခߨ≪
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ


〈
ࡦᔶခߨ≪Ѱ↘Ⲻ
ᰬ䰪䇴ᇐѰ〈

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 䘊ഔᰬ

ď㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐѰćީĈᰬθ䈛ᬃ֒ᰖ⌋ᢝ㺂Ⱦ


 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু ᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅᢉᔶᡌ
ީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬

㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣

㨒ঋ 
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞࣕ㜳Ĉ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ ᭯਎㠠ࣞᯯᕅީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬
ᡶ䴶Ⲻᰬ䰪


㠠ࣞࣕ㜳  δ 〈  〈εď
㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 ď
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু 

䙐䗽 
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉ θ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
᭯਎㠠ࣞᯯᕅᢉᔶ‫ⴌ׵‬
ᡶ䴶Ⲻᰬ䰪
δ 〈  〈  〈ε
δ⭞ᢁީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ᰬε
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ ᔶ

ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ ď
ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤

㠠ࣞᔶ䰣‫  ⴌ׵‬㠠ࣞᔶ䰣
‫׵‬ᓝૂ‫ ⴌ׵‬ď
φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ
ᢉᔶᯯᕅ ď
φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

φ⺤ᇐ
䈛ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ䇴ᇐ亯ⴤ
 㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
 ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣
 ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ
 ᢉᔶᯯᕅ

 䙐䗽 θ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ ᔶ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐĈ ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ
ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣
䘿᤟ > ߩᇐ@᤿ু
Ș
ީ


〈
ީ䰣㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 
㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ ᔶ
䘿᤟ćࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣Ĉ ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 

㠠ࣞ䇴ᇐ ᔶ ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣Ѱ↘Ⲻ
ć 〈ĈȽć 〈Ĉθ
 ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈 ȼȼȼᰬ䰪䇴ᇐѰ〈

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 

ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈
ćࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶĈ ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ 〈
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ 䘿᤟ć 〈Ĉ Ƚ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 

ࡦ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣 〈 ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶѰ↘Ⲻ
ć 〈ĈȽć 〈Ĉθ ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ 〈 ȼȼȼᰬ䰪䇴ᇐѰ〈

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ 㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣 
ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ 〈
䘿᤟ćᢉᔶᯯᕅĈ ᢉᔶᯯᕅ ‫ⴌ׵‬
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟
ć‫ⴌ׵‬Ĉ Ƚ
ć‫׵‬ᓝg‫ⴌ׵‬Ĉ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
θ
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
ࡦ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶ
ᢉᔶᯯᕅ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
‫׵‬ᓝg‫ⴌ׵‬

〈 ᢉᔶᯯᕅ䇴ᇐѰ
ȼȼȼȼ‫׵‬ᓝg‫ⴌ׵‬

䘊ഔᰬ

ď㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣ѰćީĈᰬθ䈛ᬃ֒ᰖ⌋ᢝ㺂Ⱦ
ďྸ᷒䇴ᇐѰ  〈੄θ䛙Ѿ㠠ࣞީ䰣੄Ⲻ  〈ԛ޻уՐ߃㠠ࣞᢉᔶȾ
ďćᢉᔶᯯᕅ䇴ᇐѰ‫׵‬ᓝg‫ⴌ׵‬Ĉᰬᰖ⌋䘑㺂人௭≪༺⨼Ⱦ


 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ
␻⌷


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᱥੜ㾷⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅ
␻⌷௭౪


㨒ঋ 
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
௭౪䲚㨂
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞࣕ㜳Ĉ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @


㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 
㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣
␻⌷ ᱥੜ⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅሯ‫׵‬ಞࣖԛ

䲚㨂≪௭⍈༺⨼
䘿᤟ > ߩᇐ@᤿ু
Ș

‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć␻⌷Ĉ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

␻⌷ 
௭౪䲚㨂 ᔶ
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂 ᔶ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

ආ൞‫׵‬ᓝр੄ᱥੜ⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅ
䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘
䘑㺂䲚㠣༺⨼
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤
䲚㠣
φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

φ⺤ᇐ

䈛ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ䇴ᇐ亯ⴤ
 ௭౪䲚㨂
 ‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
 䲚㠣


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉ
␻⌷
௭౪䲚㨂
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
␻⌷
௭౪䲚㨂
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䘿᤟
ީ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


ީ䰣௭౪䲚㨂

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ
␻⌷
௭౪䲚㨂
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
␻⌷
௭౪䲚㨂
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ީ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


ީ䰣‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć䲚㠣Ĉ
␻⌷
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䲚㠣
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
␻⌷
‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂
䲚㠣
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ީ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䲚㠣䇴ᇐѰީ䰣

䘊ഔᰬ


 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ
➝᱄


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞Ḋૂ➝᱄⚥

Ḋૂ➝᱄

㨒ঋ 
㢸⭫
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć㠠ࣞࣕ㜳Ĉ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞➝Ӥ‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ➝᱄

 ಞޭ
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳 
␻⌷ 
➝᱄ ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু  ➝᱄ 
䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć➝᱄Ĉ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

➝᱄ 
Ḋૂ➝᱄ ᔶ
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄ ᔶ
ᱥੜ㾷ֵ␻⌷᤽⽰⚥ਇ‫ݿ‬
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
␻⌷ѣ
䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤

φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ

φ⺤ᇐ
ᱥੜ㾷ֵ≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥ਇ‫ݿ‬

䈛ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ䇴ᇐ亯ⴤ
≊઩⌷߶ѣ
 Ḋૂ➝᱄
 ௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
 ␻⌷ѣ


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćḊૂ➝᱄Ĉ
➝᱄
Ḋૂ➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
➝᱄
Ḋૂ➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
䘿᤟
ީ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


ީ䰣Ḋૂ➝᱄

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟
ć௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄Ĉ
➝᱄
Ḋૂ➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
➝᱄
Ḋૂ➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ީ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


ީ䰣௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć␻⌷ѣĈ
➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
␻⌷ѣ
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
➝᱄
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄
␻⌷ѣ
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ީ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


␻⌷ѣ䇴ᇐѰީ䰣

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ ➝᱄

䘿᤟ć≊઩⌷߶ѣĈ ␻⌷ѣ
≊઩⌷߶ѣ
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ᔶ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
➝᱄
␻⌷ѣ
≊઩⌷߶ѣ
䘿᤟
ᔶ
ީ
>Șߩᇐ@᤿ু


␻⌷ѣ䇴ᇐѰީ䰣

䘊ഔᰬ


 ਎ᴪ䇴ᇐ
ެԌ䇴ᇐ


㨒ঋ 
ӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬ 
㢸⭫
᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

᤿രᇐᰬ䰪䰪䳊ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞૂ


㨒ঋ  ᵢ։
㠠ࣞࣕ㜳
ެԌ䇴ᇐ 䱨↘ߦ߱
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু

䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćެԌ䇴ᇐĈ θ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

ެԌ䇴ᇐ 
䱨↘ߦ߱ ީ ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭫ᆆ丩呙ଃ
⭫ᆆ丩 ᔶ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু ⭫ᆆ丩
䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘
㨒ঋ  䘊ഔ᤿䭤

φ䘿᤟亯ⴤ

φ䘿᤟䇴ᇐ
ᱥੜ㾷ֵ⭞Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐࣕ㜳
φ⺤ᇐ
Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
䈛ᱴ⽰⭱䶘ѣⲺ䇴ᇐ亯ⴤ
 䱨↘ߦ߱
 ⭫ᆆ丩
 Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
 ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤

䇴ᇐѰᡶ௒ླⲺ≪ࣵȽ⍍߶
փ㖤ᰬ

ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶
փ㖤


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć䱨↘ߦ߱Ĉ
ެԌ䇴ᇐ
䱨↘ߦ߱
⭫ᆆ丩
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ީ
ᔶ


 ެԌ䇴ᇐ
䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈ


θ᤿с > Șߩᇐ @
 䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈᰬ ! 䇴ᇐ੄θࡏ∅䳊  ࠼䫕ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞж⅗θ䱨↘߱㔉Ⱦ

࠼䰪䳊ж⅗䘑㺂
䱨↘ߦ߱ ᔶ
ᔶ੥߱㔉䱨↘

Ȑ
Ȑ
‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶䇴ᇐ੍" ᱥ
⭫ᆆ丩 ᔶ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু 䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ć⭫ᆆ丩Ĉ
ެԌ䇴ᇐ
䱨↘ߦ߱
⭫ᆆ丩
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ީ
ᔶ


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

ެԌ䇴ᇐ
䱨↘ߦ߱
⭫ᆆ丩
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ީ
ީ


ީ䰣⭫ᆆ丩

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćѠᙝ䇴ᇐĈ
ެԌ䇴ᇐ
⭫ᆆ丩
Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ
ᔶ


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

ެԌ䇴ᇐ
⭫ᆆ丩
Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ
ީ


ީ䰣Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ

䘊ഔᰬ

 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ ެԌ䇴ᇐ

ćؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤Ĉ Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ
ީ


 䙐䗽 θ
䘿᤟ćᔶ  ީĈθ
᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

ެԌ䇴ᇐ
Ѡᙝ䇴ᇐ
ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤
䘿᤟ >Șߩᇐ@᤿ু
ᔶ
ᔶ


ᔶ੥ؓᆎ≪ࣵ⍍߶փ㖤

䘊ഔᰬ

 ԛс᛻߫ᰬ
ഖ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰖ⌋䘑㺂ߨ≪༺⨼ᰬδ䶔ᯣ≪ᰬε
Ȏδ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰬߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ⭞ε᣿ࣞᢁࣞ᣿⧥θ‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ≪ਥԛ⍷࠰Ⱦ
ď䙐⭫Ⲻ᛻߫сθ঩ֵ᣿ࣞᢁࣞ᣿⧥θҕу㜳ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞȾ
ᜩ㾷⺤䇚䈛ࣕ㜳ᰬθ䈭‫ᦿީݾ‬䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫ⓆȾ

᣼сؓᣚⴌ


᣿ࣞᢁࣞ᣿⧥⴪ࡦ᣿уࣞѰ↘Ⱦ
 δ㓜   〈 ε
Ь ‫׵‬ಞ޻〥≪䶘рॽȾ

᣿࠰

ᢁࣞ᣿⧥
δ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰬߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ⭞ε

рॽࡦ䘏Ѡփ㖤

‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⲻ≪уՐⓘ࠰

ᖉćଊଊĈⲺ⭫ᆆ丩ଃ䎭ᰬθ䘑≪ᇂᡆθ
 ᶴᔶᢁࣞ᣿⧥Ⱦ
Ь ‫׵‬ಞᔶခߨ⍍Ⱦ

ď‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍ᇂ੄θѣ䙊߃᣿ࣞᢁࣞ᣿⧥Ⲻ䈓θ
‫׵‬ಞуՐߨ⍍θ䈭䗽〈ԛ੄߃᣿ࣞߨ⍍Ⱦ

ᶴᔶ
‫׵‬ಞр䶘
ᆿ㻻ؓᣚⴌ
 Ьሼؓᣚⴌф‫׵‬ಞⲺр䶘ૂ‫׵‬ಞ‫ם‬䶘䍪ਾᆿ㻻
у㾷ᴿ䰪䳏Ⱦ

‫׵‬ಞ‫ڪ‬䶘

⌞ᝅ
Ь‫⭫ڒ‬ᚘགྷ੄θ䈭⭞ཝߨ⍍᤿䭤ߨ⍍с‫׵‬ಞȾ
δഖѰਥ㜳ᴿ⊗⢟㋎⵶൞ᧈ≪㇗䠂ε
ďҕਥԛ⭞≪Ậ䘑㺂ߨ≪δ3ε


䮵ᰬ䰪δ䎻䗽ᰛεᒬъᤷ㔣‫⭫ڒ‬ᰬθ䈭ሼᒨ⭫⊖㻻‫ⴈ⊖⭫ޛ‬Ⱦ
⌞ᝅ
Ь䈭у㾷ᔺ⒵⭫⊖ⴈȾ
δᕋ䎭᭻䳒Ⲻ৕ഖε

᣼сؓᣚⴌ
 δㅢ享ε  ሼ⭫⊖ⴈⲺ⭫㓵ᨈཪᨈ‫ޛ‬ᨈਙ

 ሼ⭫⊖ⴈԄ㻁ᆆ䠂਌࠰

⭫⊖ⴈ ⭫⊖ⴈᨈཪᨈਙ

↙⺤Ⲻ᭴‫ޛ‬㢸ਭᒨ⭫⊖
 Ȏ⭞ᢁࣞ᣿⧥ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞⲺᯯ⌋
ᢉᔶⴌᆆ ਭᒨ⭫⊖
ⴌрⴌᆆ   ε
δㅢ享ᬃ֒ᯯ⌋

ď‫⭫ڒ‬ഔགྷ੄θᤊс⭫⊖ⴈᨈཪθ
η
ι ሼ⭫㓵᭬㓩䘑㻁ᆆθ㻻рؓᣚⴌ
δㅢ享ε
ι
η

Ȏީӄᒨ⭫⊖
 ሼ⭫⊖ⴈ᭴‫ޛ‬㻁ᆆ 䈭ࣗᗻֵ⭞⻧ᙝᒨ⭫⊖ȾѰҼ䱨↘ᒨ⭫⊖Ⲻ⹪㻸
ᡌ╅⏨θ䈭ࣗᗻ䚫ᆾсࡍӁ亯Ⱦ

ਾр㻁ᆆ ᴪᦘᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻֵ⭞ੂ૷⢂Ⲻњ㢸᯦ᒨ⭫⊖Ⱦ
䈭वֵ⭞‫⭫ݻ‬ᕅᒨ⭫⊖Ⱦ
ྸ᷒ᒨ⭫⊖ж⴪᭴൞⭫⊖ⴈ䠂Ⲻ䈓θཝ㓜ᒪᐜ
਩䴶㾷䘑㺂ᴪᦘȾ
ᗻ
㾷
ᰬ

਌࠰⭫⊖ⴈⲺ⭫㓵


 ԛс᛻߫ᰬ 
ഖᯣ≪ᰖ⌋䘑㺂ߨ≪༺⨼ᰬ

 ⭞≪Ậߨ≪ 䖹ཝⲺ≪Ậ

ߨ≪੄ֵ≪փ䲃քᰬθࣖ⌞≪ ᵓ‫׵‬ಞ޻‫ם‬䶘ѣᗹ

 xԛ‫ރ‬ਇ࠰㠣઩ ᯯੇ⭞࣑ߨ≪

㾷≸
ᣛ㓮Ƚᣯᐹㅿ
zᯣ≪ᰬθᓊሼ㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶ࣕ㜳༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷȾδㅢ享ε
zᚘགྷ‫੄≪ב‬θ䈭ࣗᗻ䘑㺂ཝߨ⍍ȾδഖѰᧈ≪㇗ѣਥ㜳⮏ᴿ⊗⢟ε

ᰖ⌋⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂ᬃ֒ᰬ
Ȏਥ䙐䗽ᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞䘑㺂ᬃ֒Ⱦ Ș⭫⊖⭞ታ人઀⚥䰠⛷ᰬθ䈭ᴪᦘੂ૷⢂Ⲻ᯦ᒨ
⭫⊖Ⱦ
ᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞 ⭫⊖⭞ታ人઀⚥

Ȏᒨ⭫⊖Ⲻᴪᦘᯯ⌋

 ᤿сᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞рⲺϧ⭫Ⓠϩ᤿䭤
x ⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥Ր➺⚣
⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥
Ԅ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬр਌с䚛᧝ಞ
 δㅢ  享ε

ᢉᔶ⭫⊖ⴌθᴪᦘᒨ⭫⊖δਭε
 δㅢ  享ε

ሼ䚛᧝ಞ㻻ഔ䚛᧝ಞᢎᷬ

᤿сᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞ϧ⭫Ⓠϩ᤿䭤
 x ⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥Ր⛯Ӥ

亱⸛
zᴪᦘᒨ⭫⊖ᰬθᡶ䇴ᇐⲺᇐᰬ㢸⭫ᡌ㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍ㅿਥ㜳㻡⎾䲚Ⱦ↚ᰬθ䈭䠃᯦䇴ᇐȾ


ԛс᛻߫ᰬ 䟽਌䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻ᧠᯳ᰬ

ཌ䜞≊⑟քӄ đᰬθ䈭䟽਌䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻ᧠᯳Ⱦ
㾷≸
Șཌ䜞≊⑟քӄ đᰬθ䈭у㾷੥⭞㢸⭫ࣕ㜳Ⱦ
δӝ૷߱㔉ਥ㜳Րሲ㠪ӝ૷⹪ᦕε
ȘѰҼ䱨↘ઞപⲺ⑟ᓜ䲃㠩 đԛсθ䈭ࣖ✣⍍ᢁ䰪ᇚ޻⑟ᓜθԛ䱨↘ਇ⭕߱㔉Ⱦ
Șᔶခᐛ֒ࢃθ䈭ሼć㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ĉࣕ㜳 ㅢ  享 ૂć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉࣕ㜳 ㅢ  享 ൽ䇴ᇐ൞ćީĈփ㖤Ⱦ

䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻᯯ⌋δ⍷ࣞᯯᕅε
ᱥ᤿രᇐᰬ䰪䰪䳊㠠ࣞߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞૂᵢ։θ䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻᯯ⌋Ⱦ
䰠⛷㔵㢨
Ȏ䇴ᇐⲺᯯ⌋
 δㅢ  享ε
x䈭ֵ⭞䚛᧝ಞሼć䱨↘ߦ߱Ĉ䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ
Ⱦ

Ș䱨↘ߦ߱ᐛ֒⍷ぁྸсȾ
x⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥Ր䰠⛷Ⱦ ᤿㓜࠼䫕Ⲻ䰪䳊
x᤿㓜  ࠼䫕Ⲻ䰪䳊ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞȾ ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ
x᤿㓜  ࠼䫕Ⲻ䰪䳊θԄ௭౪䱺䘇௭࠰ PO ᐜ਩Ⲻ
᤿㓜࠼䫕Ⲻ䰪䳊θԄ
≪δ௭౪уծ࠰ε ௭౪䱺䘇⍷࠰⍍߶≪


䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞ᰬ
ࡡົㅿⲺড⭕䰪䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞ᰬθ䈭᭴ᦿ䠂䶘Ⲻ≪Ⱦ
δੜࡏθՐഖ≪㇧޻Ⲻ≪਎䍞㙂ሲ㠪ⳤ㛚⛄⯽ㅿε
⌞ᝅ

x ⭞␻ᢡᵼᣢ䎭ড⍍ѳⲺ᛻߫с䈭у㾷᭴≪Ⱦ

ᴿ߱㔉ਥ㜳Ⲻ൰ਾ
䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞ᰬδߢᆙഔ㘷ᇬㅿε人ᜩࡦਥ㜳Ր߱㔉ᰬθ䈭䟽਌ԛр䱨↘߱㔉Ⲻᯯ⌋Ⱦ

⋗ᴿ߱㔉ਥ㜳Ⲻ൰ਾ
ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶Ⱦ

δㅢ  享ε
 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ć௭౪␻ᢡ
ᔶခ  ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉ

᤿с䚛᧝ಞрⲺ᤿䭤ߨ≪θ ᤿с > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪ծ࠰

 ᭴ᦿ≪㇧޻Ⲻ≪Ⱦ ߃᤿ж⅗ > Șߩᇐ @θֵ௭౪
㕟ഔ
᭴ᦿ䞃㇗޻Ⲻ≪
  ௭౪ծ࠰  ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ
δᧈグ䘑≪㇗޻Ⲻু࣑ε

x䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞ㜂䶘Ⲻ᤿䭤ᬃ֒Ⱦ
 ਌сⴌᆆȽ䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤 ㅢ 享↛僚ε


 ᭴ᇂ≪੄θᆿ㻻䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤Ƚⴌᆆ
 ᤿сϧ㨒ঋϩ ㅢ 享↛僚ε


 䙐䗽 θ䘿᤟ćӝ૷ؓ‫ޱ‬Ĉ

᤿с > Șߩᇐ @

 ԛс᛻߫ᰬ 䮵ᰬ䰪уֵ⭞ᰬ

⋗ᴿ߱㔉ਥ㜳Ⲻ൰ਾδ㔝㔣ε

᣿࠰᭴≪ṉ
 xԄ௭౪䱺䘇࠰≪δ㓜  〈ε

᭴≪੄ֵ᭴≪ṉഔࡦ৕փ



Ș ѰҼᆿ‫ޞ‬䎭㿷θᔰ䇤ሼ䱨߱⓬⏨᭴‫׵ޛ‬ಞ޻Ⲻ〥≪Ⱦ

Ȏ߃⅗ֵ⭞ 1(25(67 ᰬ
x 䈭ࣗᗻ߃䙐≪ δㅢ  享ε


 ߃䙐≪Ⲻᯯ⌋δ᭴ᇂ≪੄ε
ᢉᔶ䘑≪䀈䰶
 ⺤䇚䞃㇗ᡌᵢ։рᴿᰖ╅≪

ӝ૷൞⋗ᴿ᧛䙐⭫Ⓠࢃθ

 ‫᧛ݾ‬䙐䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ

䇟௭౪௭≪
 δε൞᤿օ‫׵‬ᓝᐜ‫Ⲻם‬⣬ᘷс
δε᤿с䚛᧝ಞрⲺ > 㟶䜞 @ ᤿䭤θ䇟௭౪௭≪
䈭⭞㓮ᶥㅿ᧛օ௭࠰Ⲻ≪ε

Ȏഖ⇁≪㻡߱㔉㙂у࠰≪ᰬ
x 䈭ᨆ儎⍍ᢁ䰪޻⑟ᓜθ⭞⎮⑟≪੄ᤝᒨⲺ䖥ᐹᶛ⑟᳌䘑≪䖥㇗ૂ䘑≪䀈䰶


᤿с䚛᧝ಞрⲺ > ཝߨ⍍ @ ᤿䭤ߨ≪
x ≪㇧޻≪䘎⋗┗ᰬθуਥ䘑㺂‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍Ⱦ↚ᰬθ䈭ࣗᗻ‫↘ڒ‬ᡶᴿⲺᬃ֒Ⱦ
x ੇ≪㇧޻⌞≪ᰬθᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻ᤽⽰⚥ቧՐ䰠⛷θ⌞≪㔉ᶕ੄θቧ਎Ѱ⛯⚥⣬ᘷȾ
δᖶ≪㇧䘑≪ᰬ䰪  㓜  〈ε 

⺤䇚‫׵‬ಞ޻ᐨᆎᴿ≪੄θ䠃᯦᤿с > ཝߨ⍍ @ ᤿䭤




 ᑮ㿷䰤从
俌‫ݾ‬䈋⭞ㅢ  㠩  享ᡶ䘦Ⲻ༺㖤ᯯ⌋Ⱦԃ❬у㜳‫ؤ‬གྷⲺ䈓θ䈭ф㔅䬶ᓍᡌђ䲬
δѣളεᴿ䲆‫ޢ‬ਮ㚊㔒Ⱦ ⌞ᝅ
࠰⧦╅≪ᰬθᓊީ䰣䘑
Șᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻᡶᴿ᤽⽰⚥䰠⛷δީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ੄ૂђ䲬δѣളεᴿ䲆‫ޢ‬ਮ
≪䀈䰶
㚊㌱Ⱦε
Ș␻⌷᤽⽰⚥у⛯Ӥδᴪᦘ䜞ԬⲺᨆ䟈ȾĮ ㅢ  享ε

䈭‫⺤ݾ‬䇚ԛс޻ᇯ
⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥
 с ᵢ ։ р Ⲻ>⭫ Ⓠ ᔶ λ
Ȏ᤿
ީ @θ⚥ᱥੜ⛯Ӥϋ
⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥ӤҼ੍ " Ȏ⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥ᱥੜ䰠⛷ϋ

Į
ć䱨↘ߦ߱Ĉ䇴ᇐ਎ᡆćᔶĈȾ
δㅢ Ƚ
 享ε
Ȏ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ᧛䙐Ҽ੍ϋ

Į⺤䇚ᱥੜ‫⭫ڒ‬ᡌᯣ䐥ಞᱥੜ༺ӄćᯣ
ᔶĈ⣬ᘷ

⭫Ⓠᔶީ

Ȏ⛯Ӥѣ㺞᱄↙൞㢸⭫ѣ
 δㅢ  享εθᡶԛθᵢ։Ր㠠ࣞ䲃ք‫׵‬ᓝ⑟
ᓜᡌ࠽ᯣࣖ✣ಞȾ
㢸⭫᤽⽰⚥ӤҼ੍ϋ

Ȏ䚛᧝ಞр䶘Ⲻ⭫⊖⭞ታ人઀

䚛᧝ಞⲺᐛ֒⭫Ⓠᶛ㠠
⚥ᱥੜ䰠⛷ϋ
Įᴪᦘ᯦Ⲻᒨ⭫⊖δㅢȽ享
ᒨ⭫⊖
䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞᐛ֒ϋ
Ȏ⺤䇚䚛᧝ಞ‫ؗ‬ਭⲺਇ䘷䜞ૂ

᧛᭬䜞ᱥੜ㻡䚤ⴌϋ ީ
ᔶ
Įᧈ䲚䳒⻃⢟Ƚඹ൴਀≪┪ㅿ

⭫⊖ⴌ

䚛᧝ಞ‫ؗ‬ਭ᧛਍䜞
䚛᧝ಞ‫ؗ‬ਭਇ䘷䜞


 с䓡Ƚ㟶䜞⍍߶Ƚ௭౪
৸㘹 
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Ș䙐䗽ᵢ։ᬃ֒䜞ਥੜᬃ֒ϋ
 δආ൞‫׵‬ᓝр⺤䇚ε 
o䈭⺤䇚ć䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞᐛ֒ "ĈȾ 

Șߢᆙㅿ⑟ᓜքᰬθѰҼ߼༽ሼ⑟≪௭࠰θ঩ֵ᤿с䚛᧝ಞрⲺ᤿䭤θԄ௭౪࠰

ι
≪ᰬਥ㜳䘎䴶㾷ж⇫ᰬ䰪Ⱦ

Șᱥੜ䘔㔣ቧᓝ
  ቅᰬᐜ਩ϋδѰҼᆿ‫ޞ‬䎭㿷θՐ䙖ᡆу㜳ᬃ֒Ⲻ᛻߫Ⱦ
ε
oԄ‫׵‬ᓝр䎭䓡੄䠃᯦‫ޛ‬ᓝᯯਥֵ⭞Ⱦ ι

Șഖެᆹ൦ᯯ൞ֵ⭞≪ᡌᯣ≪ㅿⲺ৕ഖֵ䘑≪ু࣑ᱴ㪍䲃քᰬθѰҼᆿ‫ޞ‬䎭㿷θ

௭౪δ⍍߶≪ε Ր䙖ᡆࣕ㜳‫Ⲻ↘ڒ‬᛻߫Ⱦ
o䈭ީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠθཝ㓜 〈੄߃䠃᯦᧛䙐⭫ⓆȾ ι
у࠰ᶛⲺᰬُ ਃགྷ࠰⧦ੂṭ⧦䊗ᰬ Įਥ㜳ਇ⭕᭻䳒Ⱦ䈭фђ䲬δѣളεᴿ䲆‫ޢ‬ਮ㚊㌱Ⱦ

Ș⵶ᓝ᝕ᓊಞਥ㜳⋗ᴿỶ⎁ࡦᴿӰቧᓝȾ

o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾ 

Șᱥੜֵ⭞‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌⴌ׵‬㖟ᡌᒲ‫⭞ݵ‬䖻ࣟ‫׵‬ᓝϋ
 ؓᣚⴌ
o䈭਌сⴌ㖟Ⱦ∅⅗ֵ⭞੄䈭ሼᒲ‫⭞ݵ‬䖻ࣟ‫׵‬ᓝȽḊ 
ૂࣖ儎‫׵‬ᓝ਌сȾ

Șᱥੜᯣ≪ϋ

o᤿сϧ‫↘ڒ‬ϩ᤿䭤θㅿᖻᚘགྷ䘑≪Ⱦ ι

Ș䘑≪䀈䰶ᱥੜީ䰣ϋ
 
௭౪࠰ᶛθռу࠰≪ 
⍍߶≪≪ࣵᕧ Ș䘑≪䗽┚㻻㖤ᱥੜ㻡ඹ൴๫ດϋ

o䈭␻ᢡ䗽┚㖇Ⱦ 

Ș≪ࣵ䇴ᇐᱥੜ൞ᕧ‫ם‬փ㖤ϋ
 

Ș⑟≪⑟ᓜⲺ䇴ᇐᱥੜփӄ
 ćީĈᡌćքĈϋ 
⍍߶≪߭ Ș䘑≪⑟ᓜᡌ⍍ᢁ䰪⑟ᓜքᰬθᔶခ௭≪ᰬⲺ⑟ᓜਥ㜳䖹քȾ
 ι

Ș䘔㔣ֵ⭞ć㟶䜞⍍߶Ĉć
Ƚ䖱Ḋ⍍߶Ĉ
Ƚс䓡⍍߶Ĉć
ć Ƚс䓡ᣚ⨼Ĉ⍍߶ࣕ㜳  ࠼䫕ᰬθ
ι
ቧՐ㠠ࣞ‫↘ڒ‬Ⱦ
ѣ䙊‫↘ڒ‬ Ș⵶ᓝᔶީᱥੜуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦϋ

o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾྸ᷒൞ආсⲺ䗽ぁѣᣢҼжс㞦ᡌᓝࡦҼ‫׵‬ᓝ䶖ࢃⲺ

փ㖤θࡏ⵶ᓝᔶީуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦθਥ㜳Րѣ䙊‫↘ڒ‬Ⱦ

Șᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻ⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥δ㔵㢨εᱥੜ䰠⛷ϋ

x䱨↘ߦ߱δ⍷ࣞᯯᕅε
 ࣕ㜳䇴ᇐ൞ćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ  
δԄ௭౪䱺䘇∅䳊  ࠼䫕ȽԄ‫׵‬ಞѣ㓜  ࠼䫕䰪䳊௭≪Ⱦε
௭౪ᴿ≪௭࠰ Ș人௭≪༺⨼㔉ᶕ੄θԄ௭౪䱺䘇⍷࠰ᮦ〈⍍߶≪Ⱦ

Ș␻⌷᤽⽰⚥ᱥੜ䘑㺂ᗠ⧥⛯Ӥ "

x ⭞ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪⍍߶௭౪Ⱦ


௭౪䱺䘇ᴿ≪௭࠰ ď  Șć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ䇴㖤ѰćᔶĈᰬθഖѰ޻䜞䜞૷⍍߶ᡶԛՐᴿ≪⍷࠰Ⲻ᛻߫Ⱦ ι

ďνӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ


 ᑮ㿷䰤从
⑟伄ᒨ⠛
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

⑟伄ᒨ⠛Ⲻ⑟ᓜ䖹ք Ș䚛᧝ಞⲺ䇴ᇐ⑟ᓜᱥੜ䖹քϋ
 

Ș䘔㔣ֵ⭞
  ࠼䫕੄θ㠠ࣞ‫↘ڒ‬Ⱦ ι
Ș⵶ᓝᔶީᱥੜуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦϋ

ѣ䙊‫↘ڒ‬ o 䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾྸ᷒൞ආсⲺ䗽ぁѣᣢҼжс㞦ᡌආࡦҼ‫׵‬ᓝ䶖ࢃⲺ 
փ㖤θࡏ⵶ᓝᔶީуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦθਥ㜳Րѣ䙊‫↘ڒ‬Ⱦ

‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享


Ș ᱥੜ‫ "⭫ڒ‬o ⭞ᢁࣞ᣿⧥δ‫⭫ڒ‬ᰬߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞ⭞εߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞȾ 


‫׵‬ಞуߨ⍍ Ș㠠ᶛ≪ᱥੜᯣ
 ≪ " o ⭞≪Ậߨ≪ 

Ș䘑≪䀈䰶ᱥੜ༺ӄ‫ޞ‬ᔶ⣬ᘷϋ
 

঩ֵ᤿с᤿䭤ҕ Șᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻ᤽⽰⚥ᱥੜ䰠⛷ϋ

ι
уᔶခߨ⍍ x ≪㇧↙൞䘑≪Ⱦδᴶ䮵㓜䴶〈ε

Șć㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ĉ
 ࣕ㜳ᱥੜ༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷ "o 䇴ᇐ൞ćᔶĈփ㖤Ⱦ

Ș㤛Ѱсࡍᡶ䘦Ⲻ᛻߫ᰬθ
 ঩ֵ䇴ᇐ൞ćᔶĈփ㖤ҕуՐᔶခ੥ࣞć㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ĉ
ࣕ㜳Ⱦ
x൞‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍㔉ᶕ੄Ⲻ㓜  〈ԛ޻ o ㅿᖻ  〈੄θ䈭⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂ߨ⍍Ⱦ
xආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрⲺᰬ䰪 ᡌ⭭ᆆቅ‫׵‬ㄏ൞‫׵‬ᓝࢃ䶘Ⲻᰬ䰪 уࡦ  〈ᰬ
o䈭ֵ⭞䚛᧝ಞ䘑㺂ߨ⍍Ⱦ 
⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅуՐᔶခ‫׵‬ x⭭ᆆቅ‫੄׵‬θㄏ൞‫׵‬ಞࢃ䶘ᰬ
ಞ⍍߶੥ࣞᰬᵰ䘕㕉
 o⿱ᔶ‫׵‬ಞθ䈭ㅿᖻ㓜  〈Ⱦ
xӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞр䱺⵶≪┪ᡌ⊗ෘᰬ 
δ㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶ε
o䈭␻䲚⊗ෘȾ
Ș⵶ᓝ᝕ᓊಞਥ㜳⋗ᴿỶ⎁ࡦᴿӰቧᓝȾ
 
o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾ

δ㓜㔅  〈䫕੄ o 㓜㔅  〈䫕੄ᡌ㓜㔅  〈

Șਥ᭯਎㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ⲻᇐᰬ䇴ᇐȾ


䫕੄ε

Șć㠠ࣞ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶Ĉ
 ᱥੜ༺ӄćᔶĈ⣬ᘷϋ o ਥԛ਎ᴪѰćީĈȾ 
Ș⵶ᓝᔶީ਀Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞᱥੜуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦϋ

o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾྸ᷒൞ආсⲺ䗽ぁѣᣢҼжс㞦ᡌᓝࡦҼ‫׵‬ᓝ䶖ࢃⲺ
փ㖤θࡏ⵶ᓝᔶީуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦθֵ⭞䗽ぁѣਥ㜳Րߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞȾ

᫻㠠ᔶခ‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶ o␻䲚Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞр䱺⵶Ⲻ⊗ෘȾ

Șᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻ
 ć⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥ 㔵㢨 Ĉᱥੜ䰠⛷ϋ
xć䱨↘ߦ߱δ⍷ࣞᯯᕅεĈࣕ㜳䇴ᇐ൞ćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ
  
δԄ௭౪䱺䘇∅䳊  ࠼䫕ȽԄ‫׵‬ಞѣ㓜  ࠼䫕䰪䳊௭≪Ⱦε


 ‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Ș䘑≪䀈䰶ᱥੜ༺ӄ‫ޞ‬ᔶ⣬ᘷϋ
 

Ș䘑≪䗽┚㖇ᱥੜ䱱ດϋ

o䈭␻ᢡ䗽┚㖇Ⱦ 

Ș൞⍍ᢁ䰪ԛཌҁ༺ᱥੜֵ⭞㠠ᶛ≪ϋ

oީ䰣ެᆹⲺ≪嗏ཪ੄ᔶခߨ⍍Ⱦ ι

у㜳ሼ⊗⢟ߨ⍍ᒨ߶ Șਥ࠼ᔶֵ⭞ཝૂቅߨ⍍᤿䭤Ⱦ

xཝߨ⍍᤿䭤δཝ‫׵‬ᰬεφড⭕㓮δঋᕖεφ㻡ߨ࠰䐓⿱Ѱ P 
xቅߨ⍍᤿䭤δቅ‫׵‬ᰬεφড⭕㓮δঋᕖεφ㻡ߨ࠰䐓⿱Ѱ P

Șഖ⊗⢟Ⲻ〃㊱
 δ䖱Ƚ䖥Ƚ㋎εуੂਥ㜳Րᴿ䳴ԛ⍍ᒨ߶Ⲻ᛻߫
o䈭䠃᯦ߨ⍍‫׵‬ಞȾ⭞⍍߶≪ᰖ⌋⍍ᦿᰬθ䈭⭞傢Ậ࡭ㅿ䘑㺂␻ᢡȾ ι

Șੇ≪㇧޻⌞≪ѣθуਥᇔ㺂‫׵‬ಞⲺߨ⍍Ⱦ

oᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞рⲺć⭫Ⓠ᤽⽰⚥Ĉ⛯Ӥθ⌞ᇂ≪੄ᢃਥᇔ㺂‫׵‬ಞⲺߨ⍍Ⱦ
ι

‫׵‬ಞ޻‫ם‬䶘⮏с Ș൞‫׵‬ಞ޻‫ם‬䶘ਥ㜳䱺⵶⋯㊱ㅿⲺ⵲ⶑⵁу㿷Ⲻ⊗ෘȾ

o䈭⭞⍍ᢁ䰪⭞ѣᙝ⍍⏚ࡸδу੡⹊⼞ࡸε䘑㺂␻ᢡȾ 
⍍੄ⲺⰋ䘯

ᒨ߶Ⲻ䲚㨂≪
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Șć≊઩⌷߶Ĉᱥੜީ䰣ϋ
o 䈭᤿жсć≊઩⌷߶ᔶခ‫↘ڒ‬Ĉθᢉᔶć≊઩⌷߶ĈȾ 
Ș䈭␻⌷ć≊઩⌷߶䗽┚㖇ĈȾ 
Șć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ䇴ᇐѰć㠠ࣞĈᰬθ൞ড⭕䰪уའֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫ᰬθ
ć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ‫↘ڒ‬Ⱦ
o䇴ᇐѰć䘔㔣Ĉθć≊઩⌷߶Ĉу䰪ᯣᐛ֒ 
ď1
≊઩⌷߶уࣞ֒ Șԛс᛻߫θć≊઩⌷߶Ĉуࣞ֒
g༺ӄᇐᰬ㢸⭫Ⲻᰬ䰪ᑜ 
g㓜ቅᰬ⅗θ޻䜞䜞૷⍍߶Ⲻᰬُδ㓜࠼䫕ε

Ș 䪾ሯড⭕䰪Ⲻ㠣઩δቅ‫׵‬ᰬⲺ≞㠣઩εᴿ᭾᷒ 

Ș ᖉć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ䇴ᇐѰć㠠ࣞĈᰬθՐ‫ݾ‬䘑㺂ᮦᰛⲺֵ⭞⣬߫Ⲻ䟽䳼ҁ੄ᢃ
঩ֵ൞уའֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪 ࣞ֒θ᭻঩ֵ൞уֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫ҕՐᴿࣞ֒ⲺᰬُȾ 
⇫θ≊઩⌷߶ҕࣞ֒ď1 Ș ᖉć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ䇴ᇐѰć䘔㔣Ĉᰬθૂֵ⭞⣬߫ᰖީθу䰪ᯣⲺࣞ֒Ⱦ

Ḋૂ➝᱄Ƚ Șᱥੜ䇴ᇐ൞ćީĈփ㖤ϋ
o 䈭䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ 
௭䴴䲚㨂⭞➝᱄у⛯Ӥ

ȘӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ $ 䘑‫ޛ‬Ỷ⎁⣬ᘷᰬθቧՐᔶခ䲚㨂≪Ⲻ人௭⍈༺⨼Ⱦ 
䲚㨂≪䳅ᝅ௭࠰ Șуֵ⭞⍍߶ࣕ㜳Ⲻᰬ䰪䗴ࡦ  Ѡቅᰬᐜ਩ᰬθ
ቧՐ㠠ࣞ൦ሼ䲚㨂≪௭⍈ࡦ‫׵‬ಞ޻Ⱦ 

Șᱥੜ䇴ᇐ൞ćީĈփ㖤ϋ 
␻⌷᤽⽰⚥Ƚ o 䈭䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ
≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥ď1 Șćᇐᰬ㢸⭫Ĉᐛ֒Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫θć≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥Ĉу⛯ӤȾ 
у⛯Ӥ Șć≊઩⌷߶᤽⽰⚥ĈȽć␻⌷᤽⽰⚥Ĉ⛯уӤᰬθ㺞⽰ᨆ䟈ᴪᦘ䜞ԬȾ ሷᓋ
䈭фђ䲬δѣളεᴿ䲆‫ޢ‬ਮ㚊㌱Ⱦ
ď1 ӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ

 ᑮ㿷䰤从
‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬δ㠠ࣞᢉᔶᡌީ䰣ε
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Șć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉ
 ᱥੜ༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷϋ o 䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ⣬ᘷ 
ȘӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞᱥੜуᇯ᱉Ỷ⎁ࡦϋ
 
o␻䲚Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞр䱺⵶Ⲻ⊗ෘȾ
Ș঩ֵփӄ
 ćᔶĈ⣬ᘷθ൞ީ䰣‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫Ⲻ੄ⴌ׵‬㓜  〈ԛ޻у㜳੥ࣞ㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ 
䰣ࣕ㜳Ⱦ
x⭞ᢁީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬ᰬ
δ㘹㲇ࡦֵ⭞㘻Ⲻᯯ‫׵‬θ䇴ᇐҼԄ‫ީⴌ׵‬䰣ࡦ߃⅗ᢉᔶᡶ䴶Ⲻ߼༽ᰬ䰪Ⱦ ε
o䈭‫⿱ݾ‬ᔶ⍍ᢁ䰪θㅿᖻ  〈੄߃᧛䘇‫׵‬ಞȾ
Șཅཟㅿᇚ⑟䗴ࡦ
 đԛрᰬθᴿਥ㜳ਇ⭕Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ᝕ᓊуࡦⲺ᛻߫Ⱦ 
‫ⴌ׵‬у㜳㠠ࣞᢉᔶ o䈭⭞ᢁᢉᔶᡌީ䰣Ⱦ

Șᱥੜሼᢉᔶ‫Ⲻⴌ׵‬ᰬ䰪䇴ᇐѰ
  〈Ƚ 〈ϋ 

Ș൞ᢉᔶ䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠཝ㓜
  㠩  〈Ⲻᰬ䰪޻θ‫ⴌ׵‬уՐ
o㠠ࣞᢉᔶθ↚ᰬθ䈭⭞ᢁᢉᔶᡌީ䰣‫ⴌ׵‬Ⱦ
ι

Șᱥੜ⋗ᴿྍр‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬㖟ϋ

o䈭਌сⴌ㖟Ⱦ


Șć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉ
 ᱥੜ༺ӄćީĈ⣬ᘷϋo 䈭䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ 

Ș⋗ᴿආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрᰬȽ ආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрᡌㄏ൞‫׵‬ᓝࢃ䶘Ⲻᰬ䰪уࡦ  〈ᰬθ㓜  ࠼䫕੄θ 
‫ⴌ׵‬у㜳㠠ࣞީ䰣 ‫׵‬ᓝ g ‫ⴌ׵‬ቧ㠠ࣞީ䰣Ⱦ
Ș঩ֵć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉࣕ㜳༺ӄćᔶĈ⣬ᘷҕу㜳㠠ࣞީ䰣ᰬθ䈪᱄Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ 
ᓊಞᴿ䈥Ỷ⎁Ⲻਥ㜳Ⱦ
o ൞ࢃ䶘ᴿ䮒ᆆᡌ⧱⪹ㅿⲺਃሺ⢟ᰬθ䈭〱ࣞਃሺ⢟ᡌ⭞ネᑎⴌօਃሺ⢟Ⱦ

Ș᝕ᓊಞᱥੜ⴪᧛਍䱩‫⴪ݿ‬ሺ
 "
oѰ䱨↘ਥ㜳Րᕋ䎭Ⲻ䈥Ỷ⎁θᓊሯ᝕ᓊಞ䟽਌䚤䱩᧠᯳Ⱦ
ȘӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞⲺỶ⎁㤹പ޻ᴿᰖ਌᳌䇴༽ϋ

‫ⴌ׵‬᫻㠠ᢉᔶ oӰ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞⲺỶ⎁㤹പ޻࠽व᭴㖤਌᳌䇴༽Ⱦ 
Ș⍍ᢁ䰪޻ᴿᰖੂᰬ䇴㖤ቅ‫׵‬ಞᡌ⍍㝮ਦϋ

oֵ⭞ቅ‫׵‬ಞᰬθਥ㜳Րਇ⭕᝕ᓊಞⲺỶ⎁ࣕ㜳੥ࣞθֵ‫ⴌ׵‬ᢉᔶⲺ᛻߫Ⱦ
Ș⍍ᢁ䰪Ⲻ䰞ᢉᔶᰬθਥ㜳᝕⸛ࡦᴿӰԄ䰞ࢃ䘑䗽Ⱦ

Șć㠠ࣞ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶ䰣Ĉ
 ࣕ㜳ᱥੜ༺ӄćᔶĈ⣬ᘷϋo ਥԛ਎ᴪѰćީĈȾ 
Șᱥੜሼ‫ⴌ׵‬ᔶခީ䰣Ⲻᰬ䰪䇴ᇐѰ
  〈 "
‫ⴌ׵‬᫻㠠ީ䰣 Ș⵶ᓝ᝕ᓊಞਥ㜳⋗ᴿỶ⎁ࡦᴿӰቧᓝȾ

o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾ 

‫׵ૂⴌ׵‬ᓝੂᰬᢉᔶ ȘᱥੜѰ‫׵ૂⴌ׵‬ᓝੂᰬᢉᔶⲺ䇴ᇐϋ
 

Ș᧛䙐⭫Ⓠ੄θྸ൞ㅢж⅗ᢉᔶ‫׵ૂⴌ׵‬ᓝѣ⻦䀜䳒⻃⢟ᰬθਥ㜳ԛ੄ҕՐᰬᑮ

ਇ⭕ѣ䙊‫↘ڒ‬δީ䰣εⲺ᛻߫Ⱦ
ᢉᔶ䙊ѣ‫↘ڒ‬δީ䰣ε o⎾䲚䳒⻃⢟θީ䰣䞃⭫㇧Ⲻ⭫Ⓠθ㓜  〈੄䠃᯦᧛䙐⭫ⓆȾ
ι
䈭᤿жс䚛᧝ಞⲺćᢉᔶᡌީ䰣‫׵‬ᓝĈ᤿䭤Ⱦ

᭯਎ᢉᔶᰬⲺᇐᰬ䇴㖤 Șཅཟㅿᇚ⑟䗴ࡦ
 đԛрᰬθᴿਥ㜳ਇ⭕Ӱ։Ỷ⎁᝕ᓊಞ᝕ᓊуࡦⲺ᛻߫Ⱦ 

 Ș⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅᢉᔶᰬ

o䈭⺤䇚ć䙐䗽䚛᧝ಞᐛ֒ "ĈȾ 

у㜳⭞䚛᧝ಞ 
Ș⭞㠠ࣞᯯᕅҕᢉуᔶᰬ 
x ‫׵ૂⴌ׵‬ᓝ⋗ᴿᆿ㻻ླ
ᢉᔶᡌީ䰣 o 䈭䠃᯦↙⺤ᆿ㻻 ι
Ș൞‫➝⴮و‬᱄⧥ູсֵ⭞ᰬθਥ㜳Րሲ㠪䈥Ỷ⎁Ⱦ


 ‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Ș‫׵‬ᓝ⑟ᓜ䇴ᇐѰ
 ćީĈᡌᱥ∊䖹քⲺ⑟ᓜȾ 

Șу൞㢸⭫ѣ੍ϋ 
xᵢ։ᱴ⽰䜞Ⲻć㢸⭫Ĉ᤽⽰⚥⛯Ӥθć⭫ⓆĈ᤽⽰⚥➺⚣Ⲻᰬُθ
у༺ӄ㢸⭫⣬ᘷȾආ൞‫׵‬ᓝ੄‫׵‬ᔶခࣖ✣θ㓜࠼䫕੄਎✣Ⱦ
o 㢸⭫䇴㖤ᡆćᔶĈᰬθਥԛ਎ᴪᡆćީĈȾ 

Ș䚛᧝ಞⲺᒨ⭫⊖ᱥੜ㻡ᴪᦘϋ

‫׵‬ᓝу✣δ߭ε xӚᦘ੄θć㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ĈⲺ䇴ᇐਥ㜳㻡䀙䲚Ⱦ 
o䈭߃䇴ᇐж⅗Ⱦ

Șᱥੜ䮵ᰬ䰪⵶ᓝϋ

xቧආ㓜  ࠼䫕੄θ⑟ᓜՐс䲃θ㔅㓜  ቅᰬ੄ቧՐ㠠ࣞ൦ީ䰣ࣖ✣ಞȾ ι
o䈭Ჸᰬ⿱ᔶ‫׵‬ᓝȾ

Ș⵶ᓝ᝕ᓊಞਥ㜳⋗ᴿỶ⎁ࡦᴿӰቧᓝȾ

o䈭␧␧൦ආࡦ‫׵‬ᓝрȾ 

Șᱥੜ⋗ᴿྍр‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬㖟ϋ

o䈭਌сⴌ㖟Ⱦ 

㢸⭫
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Ș䚛᧝ಞⲺᒨ⭫⊖ᱥੜ㻡ᴪᦘϋ
 
ᇐᰬ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳уࣞ֒ xᒨ⭫⊖⭞ታᰬθ䇴ᇐⲺࣕ㜳ਥ㜳㻡䀙䲚Ⱦ
o䈭߃ᓜ䇴ᇐ↚ࣕ㜳Ⱦ 

Ș䙐䗽ᮦᰛ䰪ᡶ䇦ᗼⲺֵ⭞⣬߫ᶛߩᇐ㢸⭫ᰬ䰪⇫θṯᦤֵ⭞仇⦽ⲺуੂҕՐᴿ

㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳уࣞ֒ у੥ࣞ㢸⭫ࣕ㜳Ⲻ᛻߫Ⱦ 
o⺤䇚ᡶ⭞Ⲻ㢸⭫ᯯ⌋Ⱦ

䲚㠣
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Șć䲚㠣Ĉ
 ࣕ㜳ᱥੜ䇴ᇐ൞ćީĈփ㖤ϋ 
o䈭䇴ᇐᡆćᔶĈ⣬ᘷȾ
Șආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрҕ੢уࡦ䲚㠣༦ᰬ
 
䲚㠣᭾᷒у᱄ᱴ o 䈭ආ൞‫׵‬ാрᰬታ䠅䶖੄Ⱦ
Șආ൞‫׵‬ᓝрቧՐ੢ࡦ䲚㠣༦ᰬ 
o 䈭␻ᢡжс䲚㠣䗽┚㖇Ⱦ

Șᱥੜֵ⭞ᐸ୤Ⲻ㣩俏ࡸᡌ䲚㠣ࡸㅿϋ

࠰⧦ᔸᑮᔸ㠣 xՐֵ 1(25(67 Ⲻ䲚㠣᭾᷒с䲃θਥ㜳Րӝ⭕ᔸ㠣Ⱦ ι
o䈭ৱᦿ㣩俏ࡸᡌ䲚㠣ࡸȾ


 ᑮ㿷䰤从
ެԌӁᇒ
৸㘹
⧦䊗 ⺤䇚 享

Șྸ᷒䘔᧛䜞Ⲻ㷰∃ᶴࣞθ䈭⭞⍱ᢩࣞᢁㅿ⺤ᇔ൦ᤝ㍝㷰∃Ⱦ

䞃㇗䘔᧛䜞╅≪ o╅≪у↘Ⲻᰬُθሼ䘑≪䀈䰶ީ䰣੄θᣛ‫ؤ‬Ⱦ ι

䚛᧝ಞᱴ⽰ኅрⲺ 
Ș䚛᧝ಞ᤿䭤уᬃ֒Ⲻᰬ䰪䎻䗽〈ᰬθ䚛᧝ಞᱴ⽰ኅрⲺᱴ⽰Ր⎾ཧȾ

ᱴ⽰⎾ཧ 

ȘѰҼ㜳䇟⵶ᓝᔶީ䘆֒θ
 ‫׵‬ᓝ㕉ߨ෡ૂ‫׵‬ಞҁ䰪ᴿжᇐⲺ㕓䳏Ⱦආ൞‫׵‬ᓝр੄θ
ᵢ։ᶴࣞ ‫׵‬ᓝс⊿θ⵶ᓝᔶީᔶ੥Ⱦ


ψ䘑‫ޛ‬ড⭕䰪ᰬϊ
Șᖉć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćᔶĈᰬθѰҼֵ⊗ෘу᱉䱺⵶‫׵‬ಞ޻Ր䘑㺂人௭≪
༺⨼θ᭻Ր੢ࡦ௭≪Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ
o ਥሼć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćީĈ 
ψֵ⭞੄θ⿱ᔶ‫׵‬ಞᰬϊ
Șᖉć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćᔶĈᰬθֵ⭞ᇂ⍍߶ࣕ㜳δ㟶䜞䖱ḊȽс䓡ᣚ⨼ε
੄θՐ੢㿷௭౪ծ࠰ૂ䲚㨂≪⍍߶௭౪Ⲻ༦丩
o ਥሼć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćީĈ 
Șᖉć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćᔶĈᰬθආр‫׵‬ᓝᒬֵ⭞੄θՐ੢ࡦ‫׵‬ಞ޻䲚㨂≪
௭⍈Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ
ᵢ։ਇ࠰ᔸଃ o ਥሼć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćީĈ 
Șć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉㅿᐛ֒ᇂҁ੄θՐ੢ࡦ௭౪ծ࠰ᒬᧈ࠰ӝ૷޻䜞⇁≪Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ ι
ψуֵ⭞ᰬ དྷ䰪ㅿ ϊ
Șć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉૂć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćᔶĈᰬθ㤛㓜Ѡቅᰬ޻ᵠֵ⭞⍍߶ࣕ㜳
δ㟶䜞䖱ḊȽс䓡ᣚ⨼εθቧՐ࠰⧦㊱ղԛсⲺ༦丩Ⱦ
 ć௭౪䲚㨂Ĉφ䲚㨂≪⍍߶௭౪Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ
ࣞ֒ᇂᡆҁ੄௭౪ծ࠰ᒬᧈ࠰ӝ૷޻䜞⇁≪Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ
ć‫׵‬ಞ䲚㨂Ĉφ‫׵‬ಞ޻䜞䲚㨂≪௭⍈Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ
o ਥ䇴ᇐѰćީĈ 
Șć≊઩⌷߶Ĉ䇴ᇐѰćᔶĈᰬθ㓜ቅᰬж⅗൞уֵ⭞Ⲻᰬ䰪⇫␻⌷޻䜞䜞૷ 
ਇ࠰Ⲻ༦丩Ⱦ※1


ֵ⭞ᰬθቅ‫׵‬Ր伔Ⓕ Ș৕ഖ൞ӄ‫׵‬ಞ޻ᴿ䚤ᯣ㠣≊Ⲻ≪⍲Ⱦ

oਥሼড⭕㓮⎤൞≪⍲рθཐቇᴿӑ᭾᷒Ⱦ ι
δ㿿ᗍའ䇞ূε

ߨ≪ᰬθԄ൦ᶵсՐ
Ș‫׵‬ಞߨ⍍੄θѰҼ⺤ؓ‫׵‬ಞⲺሷ≪᭾᷒θਥ㜳Ր൞ᧈ≪㇗޻ਇ࠰䈛༦丩Ⱦ
 ι
ਇ࠰ć୅ଟ଍ஜĈ༦

ߨ≪ᰬθՐਇ࠰
Ș≪ф⊗⢟ж䎭ߨсৱᰬθグ≊ҕੂᰬ㻡੮օθᡶԛՐਇ࠰䈛༦丩Ⱦ
 ι
ćોౕોౕĈ༦

ď ӻ䘸⭞ӄ7&):&6Ⲻ൰ਾ


㿺Ṳ
亯ⴤ 7&):&6 7&):&6
仓ᇐ⭫Ⓠ Ӛ⍷ 9ȼ+]
仓ᇐࣕ⦽ : :
ᴶཝࣕ⦽ :δ䘑≪⑟ᓜѰ đᰬε :δ䘑≪⑟ᓜѰ đᰬε
॰࠼ ⷢ䰪ᕅ
⭫Ⓠ㓵䮵ᓜ P
൦ᶵᧈ≪φཝ/
‫׵‬ಞ⍍߶≪䠅
໏໷ᧈ≪φཝ/
䘑≪ᯯᕅ ⴪᧛䘔᧛㠠ᶛ≪ᯯᕅ  ≪㇧䍤≪⌫ࣖুᒬ⭞
‫׵‬ಞ ⍍߶ᯯᕅ 䎻╟ᕅߨ⍍δ㲯੮ᕅε
ተሮ ࣖ䮵
人䱨߱㔉 ⍷ࣞᯯᕅ ⍷ࣞ≪䠅 /K
㟶䜞⍍߶ 㓜  ι /PLQδ≪ু 03D ᰬε
㟶䜞䖱Ḋ 㓜  ι /PLQδ≪ু 03D ᰬε
⍍߶
௭≪䠅
с䓡⍍߶ 㓜  ι /PLQδ≪ু 03D ᰬε
с䓡ᣚ⨼
⍍߶ 㓜  ι /PLQδ≪ু 03D ᰬε
⍍߶
㻻㖤
੆≪⑟ᓜ ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸㤹പ  ީ  㓜  ι đ
ࣖ✣ಞࣕ⦽ :
ᆿ‫ޞ‬㻻㖤 ⑟ᓜؓ䲟ѓ
ࣕ㜳䜞 䱨䘼⍷㻻㖤 ⵕグᔶީȽ↘ഔ䰶
⑟ᓜ䈹㢸㤹പ  ީ  㓜  ι đ
㺞䶘⑟ᓜ
ؓ⑟ 㠠ࣞ㢸⭫ᰬφ㓜 đ
‫׵‬ᓝ ࣖ✣ಞࣕ⦽ :
ᆿ‫ޞ‬㻻㖤 ⑟ᓜؓ䲟ѓ
ᯯᕅ  䲚㠣
䲚㠣
伄䠅 㓜 PPLQ
㻻㖤
⎾䍯⭫࣑ 㓜 :
ď
⑟伄⑟ᓜ ⑟ᓜ䈹㢸㤹പ  㓜  ι đ
⑟伄 伄䠅 㓜 PPLQ
ᒨ⠛
㻻㖤 ࣖ✣ಞࣕ⦽ :
ᆿ‫ޞ‬㻻㖤 ⑟ᓜؓ䲟ѓ
ᴶքᗻ㾷≪ুφ03Dδ⍷ࣞᰬ/PLQԛрε

䘑≪ু࣑
ᴶ儎≪ুφ03Dδ䶏↘ᰬε
䘑≪⑟ᓜ  ι đ
ֵ⭞⑟ᓜ  ι đ
ӝ૷ተሮ ᇳ PPh䮵 PPh儎 PP
㓜NJ  㓜NJ 
ӝ૷䠃䠅
δࣕ㜳䜞㓜NJȽ‫׵‬ಞ䜞㓜NJε δࣕ㜳䜞㓜NJȽ‫׵‬ಞ䜞㓜NJε

ďᵢ‫ޢ‬ਮӄ⑟伄࠰ਙ䱺䘇⎁࠰Ⲻ⑟ᓜ

Ȏᣍ㨂
 δď 㓼㨂ྸᵠ᧛䀜ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛӝ૷㺞䶘Ⲻ䈓  ᣍ㨂࣑ሼᰖ⌋ਇᥛެ֒⭞Ⱦε
ᣇ࡬ӝ૷㺞䶘Ⲻ㓼㨂⭕䮵Ⱦ䘏ᱥ⭧ -1/$ 䇚ᇐ䈋僂ᡶṯᦤ -,6 = ᣍ㨂ࡸ〃㊱ ᰖᵰ㌱
 Ⲻᣍ㨂ᙝ䈋僂ᯯ⌋䘑㺂䈋僂  ެ㔉᷒䗴ࡦ -,6 =  Ⲻᣍ㨂
ᣍ㨂᭾᷒ ṯᦤᰛᵢᔰᶆgօᆻ䇴༽ӝѐ
᭾᷒ḽ߼Ⱦ䘏жࣖᐛ༺⨼уԙ㺞ޭ༽䱨↘᝕ḉȽ䱨⊗Ƚ 䱨䴿Ƚ 䱨㠣Ƚ ᣍ㨂ᙝ㜳ᤷ㔣ᙝ
䱨唅┇ㅿ䱺ᑜ᭾᷒Ⱦ অՐḽ߼⺤䇚Ⱦ
ṯᦤᰛᵢᔰᶆgօᆻ䇴༽ӝѐ
ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛ g ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛ䜞փྸс㺞  ᆿ‫ޞ‬ᙝ
অՐḽ߼⺤䇚Ⱦ
ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛ ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛ ᣍ㨂ࣖᐛ䜞փ
⾷↘Ӂ亯 䈭वֵ⭞䞮ᙝȽ⻧ᙝ⍍⏚ࡸȾ
䜞փ
ؓ⑟‫׵‬ᓝȽ‫ⴌ׵‬Ƚ௭౪Ƚ䚛
᧝ಞ ᤿䭤 ᬃ֒⌞ᝅӁ亯 Ѱֵᣍ㨂࣑ਇᥛࣕ᭾  䈭ᑮؓӝ૷㺞䶘␻⌷Ⱦ


 7&):&6 δ&(6ශε
7&):&6δ&(6ශε

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ᢝ㺂ḽ߼ *% *%
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K
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