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0 Calcululunorsumeingimnaziu
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3. S=1 + x
++
x + x2 + x
Sx=
n 2 x
+ ... + . x
n 1
+x
n 1
n +1
x 1
S(x-1) = x
1
S=( x
-1)/( x -1)
2
2
4. S=
+
1 2 + 3 ++ n
Sx-S =
n +1
n +1
=1
2
3
=1+3
=1+3+5
=1+3+5++(2k-1)
;..
=1+3+5++(2k-1)++(2n-1)
k +k,atunci:
2
2
S=(n+1).(1+3+5++2n-1)-2(
1 + 2 + 3 ++ n
3S=(n+1). n +n(n+1)/2
6S=2.(n+1). n +n.(n+1)
(2k-1).(n-k+1)=(n+1).(2k-1)-2
)+(1+2+3++n)
6S=n(n+1)(2n+1)
n( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
S=
6
5. S=
1
1
1
1
+
+
++ n( n +1)
1.2 2.3 3.4
1
S=
Aplicatii:
a) Calculati suma cifrelor numarului:
x=9+99+999++99..99,unde ultimul termen are 2008 cifre.
Numarul x se mai poate scrie:
2
2008
2008
2008
2007
2008
10 1
a
(9+99+999++999)
9
3
5
7
85
b)Calculati: S=
+
+
++
1.4 4.9 9.16
1764.1849
k
1
1
Se foloseste relatia: n( n + k ) = si avem:
n n +k
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1848
S= - + - + ++
=
1 4 4 9 9 16
1764 1849 1849
c)Sa se calculeze:
1
S= 1.( k +1) + ( k +1)(2k +1) + (2k +1)(3k +1) ++ [(n )k +1](nk +1)
Se observa ca diferenta dintre factorii de la numitor este k,deci vom inmulti cu k si
obtinem:
k
Sk= 1.( k +1) + (k +1)(2k +1) + (2k +1)(3k +1) ++ [( n 1) k +1](nk +1) =
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
+
++ (n 1)k +1 =
1 k +1 k +1 2k +1 2k +1 3k +1
nk +1
1
1
nk +1 1
nk
n
= =
=
,de unde:S=
.
1 nk +1
nk +1
nk +1
nk +1
d)Aratati ca numarul :
2
2 +2
2006
++
2007
2007
2007
(2n 1)
1 3 5
2
Se porneste de la (2n
1) =4. n -4.n+1 avem:
2
S=
++
1 =4.1
3 =4. 2
5 =4. 3
-4.1+1
-4.2+1
-4.3+1
(2n 1)
=4.
-4n+1
1 + 2 +3
S=4(
= 4.
++
)-4(1+2+3++n)+n=
n( n +1)(2n +1)
n( n +1)
2n( n + 1)(2n +1)
-4.
+n=
-2n(n+1)+n=
6
2
3
n(4 n + 2n + 4n + 2 6n 6 + 3) n(4 n 1)
=
f) Calculati:
S=
S=
2 4 6
+
2008
++
++
(2.1004) = 2 .1
2
2 2 2 3 ++
2
2
2
2
+
2 .1004 = 2 (1 + 2 + 3
.
1004
++
)=
4.1004.1005.2009
=
6
=1004.670.2009.
g) Calculati: S=
S=
(2.1)
2
2 3
.
2 6 +10
+
++
4014
(2.3) + (2.5)
+ + +
2 2007
.
++
2
1 3
+
(2.2007) = 2 .1
++
2007
)=
4.1004(2008 1)
=4(
4.1004(4.1004 1)
=
4.1004.2007.2009
=4.1004.669.2009
3
1
1
1
h) S=1+
+
++
=
1+2 1+ 2 +3
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2008
1
=1+
1
S=1+ +
x
i)
S=
x x
+
n1
+ ... + x + 1
Aratati ca numarul:
++
n +1
x 1
x ( x 1)
n
x=
2n + 1 2
-
4n + 2
2
2 n 4n + 2
--
10
(n 1)
2 (n 1)
3
=
(n 1)
1
8
3
=
10
1
3
--
2
10
)=
--
(n 1)
)[
1
3
2
2
2 (n 1)
10
3
(1+
1
+
3
1
2
++
)]=
(n 1)
1
1
( 3
2
2
1
8
2. 3
)=
(n 1)
1 3 1
2
(
)=
.
(
n
1
)
10
3 3
=patrat perfect.
j) Calculati :S=3+7+11++8035.
Se observa ca diferenta intre factori este 4,ne gandim la teorema impartirii cu rest
si constatam:
3=4.0+3
7=4.1+3
11=4.2+3
.
8035=4.2008+3
S=4.0+3+4.1+3+4.2+3++4.2008+3=4(1+2+3+.+2008)+
+2009.3=
4.2008.2009
+6027=4016.2009+6027=2009.4019
2