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+3
+ +(n-2) +(n-1) +n
+(n-1)+(n-2)+ + 3
+2
+1
2S=n+1+n+1+n+1++n+1+n+1+n+1
2S=n(n+1)
S=
n( n +1)
2
2. S=1
+ 5 +..+(2n-5)+(2n-3)+(2n-1)
S=(2n-1)+(2n-3)+(2n-5)++ 5
2S=2n
+ 2n
+2n
+ 3
++ 2n + 2n
+ 1
+ 2n
2S=2n.n
S= n
3. S=1 + x
Sx=
++ x
x + x2 + x
Sx-S = x
n +1
S(x-1) = x
S=( x
n 2 x
+ ... + . x
+
n 1
x
+x
n 1
+x
n +1
n +1
-1)/(
-1)
4. S=1 + 2 + 3
++ n
=1
2
=1+3
=1+3+5
=1+3+5++(2k-1)
;..
=1+3+5++(2k-1)++(2n-1)
+k,atunci:
1 +2 + 3
S=(n+1).(1+3+5++2n-1)-2(
3S=(n+1).
6S=2.(n+1).
++
)+(1+2+3++n)
+n(n+1)/2
2
+n.(n+1)
6S=n(n+1)(2n+1)
n( n + 1)( 2n + 1)
6
S=
1
1
1
1
5. S= 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 ++ n( n +1)
1
1
1
Se demonstreaza usor ca: n( n +1) = n - n +1
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
n
S= 1 - 2 + 2 - 3 ++ n - n +1 = 1 - n +1 = n +1
k
1
1
n
(
n
+
k
)
Generalizare:
= n - n +k
Aplicatii:
Calculati suma cifrelor numarului:
x=9+99+999++99..99,unde ultimul termen are 2008 cifre.
Numarul x se mai poate scrie:
10
x=10-1+
10
-1+
10 +10
=(10+
2008
10
=10.
10 1
10
-1++
10
++
2008
10 +10
10
-1=(10+
2008
10
)-2008=10(1+10+
2008
++
10
-1=
2007
++
)-2008=
999..99
9
-2008=10.
-2008=10.11111-2008=1111109102.In
1 1 1 1 1 1
1
1
1848
S= 1 - 4 + 4 - 9 + 9 - 16 ++ 1764 - 1849 = 1849
c)Sa se calculeze:
1
1
1
1
1
.(
k
+
1
)
(
k
+
1
)(
2
k
+
1
)
(
2
k
+
1
)(
3
k
+
1
)
[(
n
)
k
+
1]( nk +1)
S=
+
+
++
1
)
k
+
1](nk +1) =
Sk=
+
+
++
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= 1 - k +1 + k +1 - 2k +1 + 2k +1 - 3k +1 ++ (n 1)k +1 - nk +1 =
1
1
nk +1 1
nk
n
= 1 - nk +1 = nk +1 = nk +1 ,de unde:S= nk +1 .
d)Aratati ca numarul :
2
N=1+2+
2 +2
++
Calculand N obtinem: N=
U( 2
2007
-1)=U(U( 2
2006
-1
2007
(2n 1)
S=1 + 3 + 5 ++
2
(2n 1)
Se porneste de la
2
=4. n
-4.n+1 avem:
=4.1
-4.1+1
=4. 2
-4.2+1
=4. 3
-4.3+1
(2n 1)
=4. n
-4n+1
S=4(1 + 2 + 3
++ n
)-4(1+2+3++n)+n=
n( n +1)(2n +1)
n( n +1)
2n( n + 1)(2n +1)
6
2
3
= 4.
-4.
+n=
-2n(n+1)+n=
2n( n + 1)(2n + 1) 6n( n + 1) + 3n
3
=
=
n(4 n + 2n + 4n + 2 6n 6 + 3) n(4 n 1)
3
f) Calculati:
2
S= 2 + 4 + 6
++ 2008
2
2
(
2
.
1004
)
2
1
++
=
.
+
2 . 2 + 2 .3
++
+ 2 .1004 = 2 (1 + 2 + 3
++1004
4.1004.1005.2009
6
)=
=
=1004.670.2009.
2
g) Calculati: S= 2 + 6 +10
(2.1)
S=
2
2 .3
++ 4014
(2.3) + (2.5)
2
+ + 2 . 2007
2
2
(
2
.
2007
)
++
= 2 .1 +
2
=4(1 + 3
++ 2007
)=
4.1004(4.1004 1)
3
=
2
4.1004(2008 1)
=
4.1004.2007.2009
3
=
=4.1004.669.2009
1
1
1
h) S=1+ 1 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 3 ++ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2008 =
1
1
1
(
2
.
3
)
/
2
(
3
.
4
)
/
2
(
2008
.
2009
)/2 =
=1+
+
++
2
2
2
1
1
1
+
2
.
3
3
.
4
2008
.
2009
2
.
3
3
.
4
2008
.2009 )=
=1+
+
++
=1+2(
++
1 1 1 1
1
1
1
1
2007 4016
=1+2( 2 - 3 + 3 - 4 ++ 2008 - 2009 )=1+2( 2 - 2009 )=1+ 2009 = 4009 .
1
S=1+ x +
n
x x
+
+ x
n1
++ x
+ ... + x + 1
S=
x 1
( x 1)
=x
n
Aratati ca numarul:
2
2n + 1
3
x=
2 n 4n + 2
2 n 4n + 2
10
--
(n 1)
3
(n 1)
1
(3-
10
--
2 (n 1)
)=
2 (n 1)
10
(n 1)
-1
)[ 3 -
2
2
3
1
(1+ 3 +
1
2
++
1
8
)]=
9
(n 1)
=
1
(3-
2
2
1
8
2. 3
(n 1)
)=
1 3 1
10
3 3
(n 1)
)=
1
10
=patrat perfect.
j) Calculati :S=3+7+11++8035.
Se observa ca diferenta intre factori este 4,ne gandim la teorema impartirii cu rest
si constatam:
3=4.0+3
7=4.1+3
11=4.2+3
.
8035=4.2008+3
S=4.0+3+4.1+3+4.2+3++4.2008+3=4(1+2+3+.+2008)+
4.2008.2009
2
+2009.3=
+6027=4016.2009+6027=2009.4019