O generalizare a identit

atii Botez - Catalan

Ioana OLAN 1
n 1872, N. S
t. Botez public
a o lucrare
original
a n care apare identitatea

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
+
++
=1
+
+ +
, n N ,
n+1 n+2
2n + 1
2 13 25
n (2n + 1)
care, dac
a tinem seama de formula de descompunere
1
1
1
=

, k N ,
2k (2k + 1)
2k 2k + 1
se aduce la forma
1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
+
+ +
= 1 + + +

, n N , (1)
n+1 n+2
2n
2 3 4
2n 1 2n
numit
a identitatea Botez - Catalan. Ne propunem s
a-i d
am o generalizare.
Amintim o demonstratie a formulei (1), generalizarea obtinndu-se n acelasi fel:

1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1 1 1

= 1
+

++

=
1 + ++
2 3 4
2 3 4
2n

2n
1 2n
1 2n
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
= 1+ 2
+
+ 2
+ +
+
2
=
2
2
3 4
4
2n 1 2n
2n

1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1
= 1 + + + + +
+
2
+ + +
=
2 3 4
2n 1 2n
2 4
2n

1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
= 1 + + + +
+
1 + + +
=
+
+ +
.
2 3
2n1 2n
2
n
n+1 n+2
2n
Propozitie. Pentru n N si m N, are loc egalitatea
2m 1
1
2m 1
1
2m 1
1
1
1
+ m
+ +
m
m =
m + +
m . (2)
m
m
2
3
4
(2n 1)
(2n)
(n + 1)
(2n)
(Pentru m = 1 se obtine identitatea (1).)
Demonstratie. ntr-adev
ar, avem:
2m 1
1
2m 1
1
2m1
1
+ m
+ +
m
m =
m
m
3
4
(2n
(2n)

1)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
m
= 1+ m 2m m + m + m 2m m + +
+
2
=
2
2
3
4
4
(2n 1)m (2n)m
(2n)m

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
m
= 1 + m + m + m + +
+

2
+
+

+
=
2
3
4
2m 4m
(2n 1)m (2n)m
(2n)m

1
1
1
1
1
1
= 1 + m + m + +
=
+

1
+
+

+
m
m
2
3
2m
nm
(2n 1)
(2n)
1
1
1
, q.e.d.
=
m +
m + +
(n + 1)
(n + 2)
(2n)m
Cazuri particulare. Pentru m = 2 si m = n, formula (2) devine:
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
+

+ +

=
+
+ +
,
22 32 42
(2n1)2 (2n)2
(n+1)2 (n+2)2
(2n)2
2n 1 1 2n 1
1
2n 1
1
1
1
1 n + n n + +
n
n =
n+
n + +
n.
2
3
4
(2n1)
(2n)
(n+1)
(n+2)
(2n)
1

Elev
a, cl. a VIII-a, Colegiul National "C. Negruzzi", Iasi

25