MINISTERUL EDUCAIEI CERCETRII TINERETULUI I SPORTULUI

Str. N. Iorga nr. 1, Trgu Mure - 540088, ROMNIA

Universitatea Petru Maior din Trgu Mure 2010

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 CONTENTS

I. TENSES and VERB FORMS _ _ _ _ _ 5

II. WORD FORMATION_ _ _ _ _ _ 22
III. ERROR CORRECTION _ _ _ _ _ 32
IV. FILL IN _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37
V. REPHRASE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51
VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE_ _ _ _ _ _ 60
VII. EXERCISES BASED on TEXTS_ _ _ _ 67
8. KEY to I. TENSES and VERB FORMS _ _ _ 79
9. KEY to II. WORD FORMATION _ _ _ _ 91
10. KEY to III. ERROR CORRECTION_ _ _ _ 95
11. KEY to IV. FILL IN _ _ _ _ _ _ 97
12. KEY to V. REPHRASE _ _ _ _ _ 101
13. KEY to VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE _ _ _ _ 111
14. KEY to VII. EXERCISES BASED on TEXTS_ _ 112
15. BIBLIOGRAPHY _ _ _ _ _ _ 117

3
 I. TENSES and VERB FORMS

Give the correct tense or verb form to complete the text:

Text 1
Look! A warden (1-just/ put) a ticket on my car! Oh, I hate (2-get) parking
tickets and this is the second I (3-get) this month. Last Saturday I (4-see) the
warden sticking one to my windscreen just as I (5-come) out of the butchers
shop. I (6-try) to make him (7-tear) it up, I said I (8-only/ spend) a few minutes
in there, but he absolutely refused. He said I (9-see) the sign, its large enough,
so I (10-not park) my car there at all.

Text 2
When I boarded the train I could not help (1-notice) that a great many local
people got on as well. At the time, this (2-not strike) me as odd. I reflected that
there must be a lot of others besides myself who (3-wish) to take advantage of
this excellent service. Neither (4-I /surprise) when the train stopped at a tiny
station a few miles along the line. Even a mighty express train (5-hold) up by
signals. Then it suddenly (6-dawn) on me that this express (7-not roar) down the
line at ninety miles an hour, but merely chugging along at thirty. A whole hour
(8-pass) and we (9-not cover) even half the distance. I asked another passenger
whether this (10-be) the Western Express, but he said he (11-never /hear) of it. I
decided (12-make) a complaint the moment we (13-arrive). Two hours later I
(14-talk) angrily to a bored station master. When he stubbornly (15-deny) the
trains existence, I (16-show) him my own copy of the time-table. (17-glance) at
it briefly, he told me to look again. A tiny asterisk (18-lead) me to a smallprint
note at the very bottom of the page: This service (19-temporarily/ suspend).
Never (20-I /experience) such a frustrating thing before!

5
 Text 3
I (1-walk) along Piccadilly when I realised that I (2-follow) by a man with a
ginger beard, whom I (3-already/ see) three times that afternoon. After a several
unsuccessful attempts (4-shake) him off I got rather tired of (5-shadow) like this.
I (6-go) up to him and asked why (7-he/follow) me for hours. It (8-turn) out that
he was a writer of detective stories, but this was the first time he (9-ever/try) to
follow someone unseen. But you (10-not be) at all unseen, I told him, far
from it. I (11-spot) you in Piccadilly. You (12-shave) off your ginger beard if
you want to be somewhat less conspicuous.

Text 4
I (1-just/ turn in) after a rather hectic day when suddenly the phone (2-ring).
It was Happy Flipper, the eccentric farmer (3-live) in the neighbourhood. Of
course, this was only a nickname and I knew that he (4-have) a real one, too, but
I doubt that many people (5-know) about that. I (6-never/hear) anyone use it,
though, not even Flipper himself. We (7-sometimes/ see) each other before and I
had often heard people (8-talk) about him. Now, on the telephone, he (9-sound)
quite hysterical and at first just kept (10-repeat) Milly , Milly several
times between sobs and sighs. Then he eventually seemed (11-make) a terrible
effort (12-pull) himself together and stammer out his account.
I (13-listen) to him for a few minutes before I (14-understand) anything.
Even then all I (15-make) out was that someone called Milly (16-have) a very
bad accident. I didnt have the slightest idea who she (17-be), but, as I was the
only doctor the little village (18-have), I obviously had to go at once.
It (19-snow) heavily for almost two days then and I (20-not know) the way. I
(21-drive) about for at least half an hour in the area where, according to my
map, the junction (22-be) before I eventually (23-find) it at long last. After a few
more minutes I (24-already/ make out) the blurred outline of several farm
buildings, (25-loom) threateningly in the driving snow.

6
 Text 5
Flipper was standing there, (1-bend) against the wind, (2-wait) for me. It
seemed that Milly (3-already/ die). She (4-mean) more to me than anyone in
this world even my own wife! he said, (5-choke) with tears. I could see that
he (6-cry) his eyes out before my arrival. I assumed a terrible tragedy (7-take)
place, with possible overtones of a scandal, which (8-certainly/ cause) sensation
in a place where everybody (9-know) everything about everybody else. I have
(10-admit) that I was even more shocked when he told me he (11-put) her in the
stable. I (12-not leave) her out there (13-lie) in the cold snow! he said.
Milly had clearly been his secret sweetheart, who (14-somehow/ meet) her
death on his farm. I was about (15-tell) him that he couldnt possibly expect me
(16-cover up) anything when he opened the door of the stable and, (17-point) at
the motionless heap on the straw, said:
She was such a good cow! A sweet-natured dear! I (18-not let) anyone but
the vet (19-touch) her! and he (20-burst) into tears again.

Text 6
Who on earth (1-sing) at the top of their voice at the crack of dawn? Its
my elder brother. He (2-always/ feel) musical under the shower. Then he goes
on (3-slam) doors and (4-drop) different things in the kitchen and (5-play) the
radio very loudly. The whole family (6-try) really hard to get used to (7-get) up
early since he (8-come) back from the army and (9-start) work. He (10-like) his
job as a mechanic all right, it (11-promise) to him before he (12-enlist), but the
garage (13-open) at seven. (14-You/ ever ask) him to be a bit quieter? Oh, I
(15-mention) it several times, in fact, I (16-bring) it up every night, but all in
vain. Only yesterday he (17-say) that he (18-never/ make) a sound, and I think
he really (19-believe) it, he (20-sound) so hurt.

7
 Text 7
When the door (1-close) Charlie tiptoed upstairs and (2-get) into bed. He
didnt want anybody to notice that he (3-listen) to the conversation for the last
ten minutes or so. He (4-wonder) why his father (5-leave) the house again so
late at night and who the strangers (6-be). Surprise and awe (7-keep) him awake
for a little while.
It was as if a familiar photograph (8-step) from the frame on the wall (9-
reproach) him with neglect. As he (10-lie) there, he remembered what his father
(11-tell) him once when they (12-go) to the woods and spent a day there
together. You (13-resemble) your mother in your looks, you do have her
features, but you are in fact more like myself. I (14-always/ enjoy) doing things
in the dark that (15-frighten) me.
Charlie now guessed that this (16-be) just one of those frightening things,
but he also (17-know) somehow that it was more serious and dangerous than
any of his little games (18-ever/ be). It (19-please) him to go down to his father
and (20-tell) him how much he (21-love) him, but he (22-hear) through the
window the quick steps (23-go) away. He (24-leave) alone in the house with his
mother, and soon he (25-fall) asleep.

Text 8
One day I got a letter from a film producer who seemed genuinely interested
in my novel and (1-think) about (2-buy) the film rights. Mr Inn (3-want) to meet
me so I asked him to dinner. I (4-decide) to give him a good evening, especially
as he (5-drive) all the way from London. I was still busy (6-lay) the table around
six when we (7-hear) doorbell rang. Since we (8-hope) to impress him, my wife
(9-spend) all day cooking and I (10-also buy) some good wine. We welcomed
him with open arms. He was a charming man and (11-know) a lot of stories.
Dinner was a great success. He (12-not mention) my book, so I rather felt that I
(13-not bring) up the subject either.

8
 Just after we (14-begin) the pudding, the doorbell (15-ring) again. I (16-go)
to answer it. There (17-stand) a short, fat man in a greenish overcoat. Im John
Inn, he said, Sorry Im late. The roads were terrible. I (18-not believe) my
ears. No, that (19-not be), Mr Inn (20-have) dinner with us. This (21-come) as
a surprise to him, because he just (22-stare) at me. After a few moments of very
painful silence he seemed (23-recover) from the shock and eventually said:
Yes, thats right. I (24-have) dinner with you today at 7 oclock. I (25-die) of
shame. The man in our dining room turned out to be a life insurance salesman.
Why on earth (26-you not tell) me who you (27-be)? You never (28-ask),
he said innocently . Ever since then I (29-not be able) to meet a salesman
without (30-want) to hit him!

Text 9
Dian Fossey (1-fight) a lonely, losing battle against poachers in the
mountains of Rwanda and Zaire for 15 years. In the year before she (2-write) her
book, Gorillas in the Mist which (3-also /turn) into a film since , a census
(4-show) that the total number of mountain gorillas (5-leave) in the Virunga
volcanoes of Central Africa (6-already/ dwindle) to 254 little more than half
the population two decades earlier. The gorilla (7-near) extinction dramatically
then. However, in recent years the Virunga gorillas (8-make) an impressive
recovery, and the reason for the turnaround (9-amaze) Fossey: its tourism.
Conservation purists like Fossey, who (10-murder) in 1985 at the remote
research station that (11-become) her home, (12-become) extinct faster than the
animals they aimed (13-protect). In the last six years in Rwanda, only one
gorilla (14-die) after (15-catch) in a poachers snare, and the trap (16-set) not for
an ape but for an antelope.
Uganda, the third country in the volcanic chain that (17-be) home to the
mountain gorilla, (18-decide) in 1989 to create three national parks in the areas
(19-inhabit) by gorillas with the idea of (20-attract) tourists as well.

9
 Text 10
When I opened the door and (1-look) out into the corridor, I almost knocked
over a man on his knees. He (2-be) even more surprised than I was, because he
had the typical look of someone (3-catch) red-handed. (4-you/ listen) to the
conversation (5-go) on in this room?, I asked him, (6-wonder) how much and
what he (7-hear). No answer, only a sullen expression on his face.
When I asked him again what (8- he/ do) there, he said I (9-drop) a 50p
coin and I (10-look) for it when you opened the door. And he then added,
rather annoyed by this time, I (11-never/ listen) to other peoples conversation!
I (12-never/ insult) like this in my life!
His indignation (13-sound) most convincing. However, I (14-not see) any
sign of the money, but I (15-pick) up a small notebook and a pencil from the
floor. (16-you/ drop) these when I opened the door? (17-you/ take) notes?
Those are mine and you have no right to, he protested vehemently, but I
(18-already/ open) the notebook.
The lines (19-write) in some strange code, so I (20-turn) to the stranger:
Could you explain, but he (21-pull) my hat over my eyes, snatched the
notebook and the pencil from my hand and (22-run) off down the corridor.
By the time I (23-recover) from the shock he (24-already/ disappear) round
the corner. Curiously enough, when I (25-move) my right foot I (26-notice) that
I (27-stand) on a shiny 50p piece all the time!
Perhaps the fellow (28-tell) the truth after all, I thought to myself and I
(29-wonder) whether I (30-ever/ see) the stranger again.

Text 11
It was 5.35 p.m., and an accident (1-barely/ avoid) on the highroad just
outside the city. Luckily, both Ann and Gordon (2-drive) slowly, so that now as
they got out, a bit shaken, (3-take) a look, they (4-see) hardly any marks on the
surface of the road.

10
 All the same, it (5-be) a nasty smash, said Ann to her colleague. I think
you (6-have) your brakes tested, and the sooner, the better. But since no harm
(7-do), they decided (8-say) nothing about the incident.
But Mr. Chetney (9-already/ see) them. He was a grumpy old man who liked
(10-poke) his long nose into other peoples business, probably (11-have) nothing
better to occupy his mind. Anybody breaking the law deserves (12-punish), he
always declaimed. Now he (13-even/ take) down the numbers of the two cars
before they left and, as he (14-always/ pass) the police station on his daily walk,
he (15-report) the accident as a law-abiding, dutiful citizen.
Later, quite unexpectedly, a policeman (16-show) up at the office, (17-ask)
for Mr. Jones and Ms. Gartner. Instantly rumour began (18-go) round the whole
staff, high and low. What kind of crime (19-commit)? Would the policeman
eventually (20-arrest) Ann or Gordon or both?
The policeman was very slow in (21-come) to the point, he thought it best
(22-engage) them in conversation first. At last they insisted on (23-know) why
he (24-come). We (25-receive) a report that an accident (26-take) place on the
London Road outside town in which you seem (27-involve). It took more than
an hour (28-get) all of it written down, but finally the policeman left quite happy
as he (29-fill) a considerable number of pages in his notebook.
Needless to say, they (30-hear) nothing more about the matter ever since.

Text 12
We are very proud of our firms record. We (1-make) different kinds of
biscuits since before 1815 and (2-already/ earn) many awards for our goods.
My great-great-grandfather (3-found) the firm. He (4-first/ started) work as a
bakers apprentice at fifteen and after five hard years, (5-learn) all the ins and
outs of the trade, he (6-go) into business on his own, with the help of some
money (7-borrow) from a kindly uncle.

11
 This uncle also (8-give) him an old family recipe for (9-make) biscuits, an
inheritance from ancestors who (10-leave) France at the time of the religious
persecutions there.
My great-great-grandfather soon (11-find) that the biscuits (12-sell) very
well, and when he (13-repay) his debt to his uncle, and (14-make) enough
money to buy some better premises, he (15-give) up baking bread altogether and
(16-devote) all his energies to making biscuits. He (17-soon/ make) even more
money and the reputation of the biscuits (18-spread) far and wide.
Naturally, since his days our methods of making biscuits (19- perfect), but
we (20-not be) able to find a better recipe than the original one. At present we
(21-produce) many different sorts of biscuits but none (22-sell) so well as The
Old Favourite, which (23-still/ head) the list for all kinds and makes of biscuits
in this country. Since the end of the war we (24-also/ build) up an export sales
organization, which (25-introduce) our biscuits into several countries that
formerly never imported any biscuits.

Text 13
There was a murder in a flat in central London last week. The body, (1-lie)
on the floor, (2-find) by the cleaner the following morning. The police (3-call)
and arrived soon afterwards. By then the cleaner (4- already/ recover) from the
shock and was able to speak to the inspector. He said he (5-still/ feel) sick.
Sir, I (6-work) in this building for fifteen years. I (7-hear) many quarrels
and (8-see) many curious things. I (9-understand) that nowadays a lot of people
(10-have) serious problems, but (11-kill) somebody
The door (12-lock) from the inside and the keys (13-find) in the dead mans
pocket. There were two French windows (14-lead) onto the wide balcony which
(15-share) with the next flat on the left. It was on the first floor and an agile man
(16-easily/ climb) up onto it. There was an office block on the other side of the
narrow street.

12
 The man (17-hit) over the head with something rather heavy. The time of
death (18-estimate) at about 7.30 the previous evening. And he (19-have) a
guest before that, thought the inspector: a bottle of Scotch and the two glasses
(20-still/ stand) on the kitchen table. The police had no luck with fingerprints
here: those on the bottle and on one of the glasses (21-belong) to the dead man,
and the other glass (22-wipe) clean.
The only other interesting thing they found was a note. It (23-write) in crude
capital letters and (24-read) EXPECT ME AT ABOUT 8. The note and the
envelope it (25-obviously/ be) in were on the desk.

Text 14
The writer of the note (1-be) very careful (2-leave) no fingerprints on the
letter, but two different sets (3-discover) on the envelope, one of them on the
inner fold, as if it (4-leave) there by accident. The former was again the victims.
The latter also (5-check), but there was no record.
I (6-not/ know) him, he (7-only/ move in) a couple of days ago, said the
occupants of the other flats when they (8-show) the victims photograph. So the
neighbours (9-expect) to be much help to the police. No one (10-see) entering
the flat. No one (11-work) in the offices opposite after 6 p.m.
After (12-receive) and read all the reports that evening, the Chief inspector
suddenly (13-become) suspicious of the man who (14-live) next door. I (15-be)
in all evening since five oclock, but I (16-watch) a TV show and I (17-hear)
nothing, he (18-tell) them when first questioned. Now the inspector (19-send) a
policeman round again with a different copy of the photograph. The policeman
(20-give) him the photo (21-look) at again, but the man (22-shake) his head. The
constable thanked him and (23-leave).
That evening the neighbour (24-arrest) for murder. How did the police know
it (25-be) him?

13
 Text 15
The train (1-arrive) at Charing Cross late this morning, by approximately
five minutes cinq minutes, as they (2-say) in the last carriage. It was the 7.20
from Tunbridge Wells, where on Tuesdays and Thursdays a group of commuters
(3-get) together to study French as a foreign language. Their teacher is Ms Marie
Simone. She (4-hear) about the project started by Learn & Ride, and (5-offer) to
help. She is French and (6-work) for Dupont, the international company and she
(7-run) courses in French since 1994.
The first member of the group (8-get) on the train is called Colin Davies. He
(9-live) in Tunbridge but (10-work) in a London office for ten years. He (11-put)
a sticker on the window and cards on the tables of the last carriage, (12-ask)
passengers to leave the seats free for the group. People (13-be) usually very
understanding, he says. Colin (14-already/ study) two other subjects on the
train: modern Greek and history of art. Now he (15-learn) French for half a year.
He (16-soon/ have) a chance to try out what he (17-learn): he (18-expect) some
friends from Switzerland for the weekend and he (19-hardly/ wait) to surprise
them with his knowledge.
Another member of the group, Mrs. Alice Langdon, (20-catch) the earlier
train as a rule, but twice a week she goes in later just (21-join) the class. I like
to use my time creatively, she says. If I (22-not do) something like this, I
would be bored.
Before the language group (23-start), there had been others (24-learn)
bridge, and a world affairs class, too. These (25-set) up by Mrs. Angela Rhodes
of Learn & Ride, with the approval of British Rail. Naturally I asked for their
permission and they said they (26-not mind) at all. Now she (27-hope) to have
a class on business management. If enough people (28-ask) for it, the new class
(29-start) next month. Every other week she hands out questionnaires asking
what people (30-interest) in and forms groups on the basis of the replies.

14
 Text 16
I (1-not see) Johnson for several months when yesterday he (2-turn) up at the
office, looking as if he (3-spend) his holidays on some sunny Pacific island. As a
matter of fact, nobody really (4-know) where he had been for so long because he
(5-not bother) to tell us.
Now he (6-wear) a florid shirt, vividly coloured shorts and a Panama hat.
Where on earth (7-you/ get) those rather exotic clothes? And what (8-you/ do)
since we last saw you around here? I asked, (9-prepare) for one of his usual
cock-and-bull stories. I suspect he (10-always/ enjoy) telling his tall stories to
anyone who (11-listen) ever since he had first started (12-talk).
I (13-earn) a lot of money, he answered. Good, I said, but what about
this outfit? Im well aware that you (14-always/ be) fond of bright colours, but
do you really need (15-dress) like this? Not any more, he replied, but its
been necessary until now. You see, I (16-get) a job with a film company about a
month ago. They (17-make) a film about some tropical adventure story when I
(18-join) them. It so happened that their leading actor (19-fall) ill a few days
before that and, as I (20-look) very much like him, I (21-ask) to step in and take
over his part. After I (22-practice) his most characteristic gestures real carefully
for a couple of days, I (23-imitate) them almost to perfection. In fact, while we
(24-shoot), several of his personal friends (25-mistake) me for him and it was
some time before the director succeeded in (26-convince) them that I was not
the famous actor himself.
Now, this was a bit too tall a story even for me. Tell me honestly, Johnny,
(27-you/ ever/ act) before that? I asked rather ironically. I used to be with the
Drama Group Project at university, but now I (28-find) it easier to act before the
camera than on the stage. Sure you did, I (29-think) to myself, a camera
(30-never/ know) to catcall anyone.

15
 Text 17
They needed a fourth for bridge. One of them, (1-wear) his paunch with
dignity, came across the lobby of the hotel and said: I (2-tell) that you are
American, too. Do you play bridge? I said I did and we went over to their table.
I (3-see) them around the hotel for two days. They (4-wait) for the weather to
clear up, they told me. Then we went on (5-talk) about things in general.
The fat man who (6-come) over to me was a publisher from Indiana. His
business (7-practically/ run) itself, so he (8-take) it easy. I (9-travel) a lot lately.
I want to see the world before it goes to pieces. And then he (10-laugh), hardly
moving his chins. He really managed (11-laugh) without moving any of them.
He said he (12-plan) a trip to Europe for years and that now he (13-enjoy) every
minute of it. He was obviously the most substantial of the three. It (14-see) from
the way the other two listened whenever he (15-speak), as though he (16-be) the
headman at a board-meeting. He said he (17-work) for one of the Government
agencies when the war (18-break) out and he (19-keep) in his rather important
function during the war.
The second man was short, grey-haired and grey-faced, and whenever he
(20-speak), he (21-complain) about the weather or the food. He was a professor
of Political Science and he (22-gather) material for a book on European
democracies. I (23-have) a lot of trouble with this theme, he said, ever since
the idea first (24-occur) to me. He kept calling it a very problematic subject.
The third of them (25-mumble) a name, but he didnt say what he was. One
of those neutral faces, he (26-be) a diplomat, a ticket collector or an embezzler.
The three of the (27-meet) in Vienna and had come to Switzerland together.
At the table I (28-place) facing the publisher, and decided to play carefully.
These three characters seemed (29-know) each other for some quite time and
(30-obviously/ play) bridge together before.

16
 Text 18
The winter scenery was beautiful outside. It (1-snow) without a stop for two
days now and everything (2-cover) with thick white snow.
Martin and Grace (3-sit) in their living-room on Christmas Eve. Earlier that
day their son, Junior, (4-come) home from college. How strange, thought
Martin, that I (5-not get) out of the habit of (6-call) him by this silly childhood
name. He didnt like (7-call) Junior any longer, he (8-change) his name to Ted
and looked hurt whenever his father seemed (9-forget) about this.
Other students (10-already/ return) on the 21st, but Ted (11-send) a telegram
(12-say) that he (13-be) late due to an exam which, if he (14-pass) it, (15-make)
things much easier for him next term.
Martin (16-still/ try) to recover from the shock of (17-see) how pale and
heavy-eyed his son (18-look), but he had waved away both his parents anxious
enquiries impatiently, You (19-always/ worry) too much about me, he had
said. I (20-get) over it as soon as I (21-have) a good nights sleep. But
immediately after dinner he (22-go) out, saying that he (23-suppose) to meet
some colleagues.
(24-look) into the fire, Martin (25-now/ think) about his son. Perhaps the
boy was right, they really (26-worry) too much about him, they had both tried
too hard (27-protect) him. And now that he (28-be) away in another town all by
himself All that freedom and independence new books (29-say) teenagers
(30-need) in order to develop their character (31-be) too much too sudden.
Martin (32-have) his doubts about that exam, for example. How unusual a
procedure, he said to himself. I (33-not believe) things (34-change) quite so
drastically at the old Smithsons since my time. He was afraid Junior (35-get)
into some dubious company somewhere and (36-also/ try) smoking grass or
something of the kind. He wondered for how long this (37-go) on. As a father,
he (38-only/ hope) the stuff (39-not be) too heavy and that it (40-not have)
lasting effects.

17
 Text 19
A Frenchman who (1-learn ) English at school, but (2-forget) most of it
since, (3-stay) in London on business. It was November: the weather (4-turn)
damp and foggy. The Parisian (5-have) no experience with the English climate
before and now (6-catch) a severe cold. He (7-feel) miserable and (8-cough) day
and night.
Eventually he (9-decide) to get some efficient remedy for his cough, but as
he (10-not remember) this English word, he (11-look) it up in his French-
English dictionary. There he (12-find) that the word was cough. Unfortunately
his French-English dictionary (13-not tell) him how to pronounce it, though, and
he (14-not bring) the English-French one with him.
He (15-remember), however, another similar word he (16-learn): plough,
and (17-conclude) that cough must therefore be pronounced [kau]. So when he
(18-enter) a chemists shop, he (19-say): Will you, please, give me something
for my cow! The chemist, thinking that he (20-misunderstand) him, (21-ask)
politely: I beg your pardon, sir?
The Frenchman (22-repeat) his request for some remedy for his cow. For
your cow, sir? (23-reply) the chemist, slightly taken aback. You (24-be) a
farmer, then? A farmer? (25-answer) the Frenchman indignantly. What in
the world (26-make) you think so? Oh, no, no, I (27-come) from beautiful
Paris, he (28-add) proudly.
The chemist now almost (29-begin) to think that he (30-deal) with a
madman and (31-wonder) whether he (32-call) for help. In great bewilderment
he (33-ask) his customer again: But you cow, sir? Where is your cow?
Here! (34-cry) the Frenchman, coughing very loudly and pointing to his
chest. Here it is! I (35-have) a very big cow in my chest!
Luckily, the chemist (36-understand) him eventually and (37-give) him the
remedy he (38-ask) for.

18
 Text 20
I (1-live) in London for quite a long time but I still (2-not know) many of the
streets in my neighbourhood. The other day I (3-go) out late, at a time when the
fog (4-grow) thicker, and I (5-soon/ lose) my way. After I (6-wander) about for
some time, getting more and more confused, I (7-see) the friendly light of a pub
and I decided (8-go) in. On entering, I had the great surprise (9-find) several
friends who (10-also/ give) up the attempt to discover where they were. We sat
down and (11-chat) for almost a whole hour over our beers. As we were just
about (12-leave), John (13-come) in and announced that the fog (14-become) so
thick that all traffic (15-stop) over a wide area. This does sometimes happen in
London and it really (16-mean) a great inconvenience.
I remember once meeting a friend of mine early in the morning who had a
tired expression. What (17-happen) to you? I asked. (18-not ask/ even), he
waved his hand in resignation. Last night I (19-leave) the office rather late and
(20-start) home, about five miles only, in that nasty fog. I (21-not get) far when I
realized I was lost, so I (22-draw) up and decided (23-wait) until that thick fog
(24-lift). Well, it didnt. I (25-spend) the night in the car so now I (26-feel)
rather weary. In fact, he (27-look) like hell.
I (28-hear/ often) of this sort of thing happen to other motorists. Personally, I
(29-go/ never) out at night in foggy weather in my car, I prefer to travel by tube
then, as in the last few years we (30-have) relatively few tube breakdowns,
although the buses and cars are, of course, stopped in such foggy weather.

Text 21
Allan (1-stand) at a window of Rome Airport and (2-watch) the graceful
descent of the aircraft that (3-bring) Susan. When he (4-see) all its wheels safely
on the ground, he (5-return) to the reception room and sat down there (6-wait).
They (7-get) married three weeks before. Two days later she had a call (8-say)
that her mother (9-fall) ill and that she had to fly to London immediately.

19
 Luckily it had been nothing really serious, she just (10-have to) have an
appendectomy. He had been unable (11-go) with his wife, for he (12-be) a
teacher and it (13-be) the middle of the academic year then. So he (14-stay)
behind, (15-spend) most of his spare time at the club, as the emptiness of the
bed-sitting-room home at the Anconi Hotel had started (16-get) on his nerves.
After only a quarter of an hour or so, (17-finish) very quickly with all the
formalities, Susan (18-come) to him and they (19-make) their way to the car.
Has anything interesting happened while I (20-be) away? asked Susan, as
they (21-set) off for the centre. My contract (22-extend) for another year, said
Allan. Oh good. I have often thought of (23-stay) a little longer in this beautiful
city. Anything else? Allan glanced at her lovely smiling profile. I (24-take) a
furnished flat for us. Indeed? she said after a short pause. I rather hoped that
you (25-approve) of the idea, he said quickly. If we (26-be) going to be here
only for the rest of the term, we (27-stay) on at the Anconi hotel. But I dont
think we (28-survive) another year there, in spite of the wonderful restaurant.
Well, well, she mused, isnt life full of surprises! Its a lovely idea, darling
Theres one little problem (29-leave), though. Whats that? he asked
warily. Ive got no choice: I will have to learn how (30-cook), she replied,
smiling at his anxiety.

Text 22
Ever since his early childhood, Mr. Smith (1-never/ wake) up in time in the
morning. He was always in a great hurry, so he (2-usually/ cut) himself while he
(3-shave) in the bathroom, he was also unable to boil water for his tea without
(4-burn) his fingers and it was quite usual for him (5-break) a few dishes as he
(6-do) the washing-up. Every morning after he (7-leave) the house and reached
the corner he invariably began (8-wonder) whether he (9-lock) the front door.
After a while he got tired of all this mess and (10-make) up his mind to do
something about it.

20
 One day he (11-go) to town to buy an alarm clock. He (12-become) more
confident about the future after he (13-find) one to his liking. On his way back,
however, he had to cross a field where a morose old bull (14-usually/ graze). It
was his habit to ignore humans unless something (15-make) him angry. On
that day he (16-lie) there in peaceful indifference when Mr. Smith (17-arrive),
but unfortunately the alarm-clock (18-go) off just as Mr. Smith (19-try) to walk
past him. At this, the impressive animal (20-rise) to its feet and began (21-chase)
the intruder.
Mr. Smith (22-carry) an umbrella as it (23-rain) slightly but constantly since
early morning. Now he (24-throw) down the open umbrella and (25-run) away
as fast as he could. The bull stopped (26-examine) the strange black creature as
he (27-probably/ never see) such a thing before. While he was busy (28-do) this,
Mr. Smith (29-climb) over the fence and managed (30-escape).

21
 II. WORD FORMATION

Set 1
A) He is very proud of his sons career, but he knows (1) nothing about his
research work.
1 PRACTICE
B) The little mongrel was looking (2) at the butchers shop-window.
2 MOURN
C) The anthology contains the (3) kinds of poetry written by the best- known
contemporary poets. The index will (4) you to find any author or poem
easily.
3 VARY 4 ABLE
D) Im sorry to inform you that, (5), there is no quick and (6) method for
curing this rare disease.
5 FORTUNE 6 PAIN
E) When he came to in the complete darkness, he had a(n) (7) headache, but
he lit a match and examined his (8).
7 SPLIT 8 ROUND
F) The police were unable to (9) how the fire had started, but the sad fact
remains that several works of art were lost, many of them (10).
9 STABLE 10 PLACE

Set 2
A) After all the (1) results he had had as chairman of the board, nobody could
really understand his sudden (2).
1 MARVEL 2 SIGN
B) When I told her I could see no (3) in her spelling, she started shouting at
me and blamed me for never (4) her.
3 PROVE 4 COURAGE

22
C) He is in a much better mood since he got that kitten! (5), looking after
that helpless little creature has had a(n) (6) effect on him.
5 APPEAR 6 THERAPY
D) They were also running out of food supplies, thats perfectly true, but it was
rather the (7) of ammunition that eventually forced the (8) peasants
to surrender.
7 SHORT 8 REBEL
E) That girl is (9) the best possible choice for him. Im quite certain she will
make a good wife and a(n) (10) mother.
9 DEFINE 10 AFFECT

Set 3
A) The Mayor had hardly got half through his (1) when a woman in the
crowd started laughing (2) .
1 SPEAK 2 HYSTERIA
B) However impatient they were, they had to go through the usual (3)
necessary for a valid (4).
3 FORM 4 MARRY
C) (5) for him, nothing happened, but the fact that he had left the children
alone in the pool for such a long time that afternoon is just another proof
of his (6) .
5 LUCK 6 RESPOND
D) Large groups of illegal (7) started coming during the winter and the
authorities have been trying (8) to stop the flood.
7 MIGRATE 8 DESPAIR
E) The heap of papers and files was fairly (9) on Monday, but over the week
it had increased (10) and now she didnt even know where to start to sort
it out.
9 SIGN 10 THREAT

23
Set 4
A) The forest rangers were (1) congratulated when they reported that the
deer population had increased (2) in recent years.
1 HEART 2 SUBSTANCE
B) He has a highly developed regard for the truth and is much too (3) as a
researcher to allow any error or (4).
3 CONSCIENCE 4 OMIT
C) He is never late with any of the reports or statistics and never makes a
mistake. He is by far the best (5) we have had in the long (6) of clerks
employed since the firm was set up.
5 COUNT 6 SUCCEED
D) The bad-tempered old man was regarded as something of a(n) (7), he
stubbornly refused to (8) his savings to a bank and wouldnt even hear of
credit cards.
7 CENTRE 8 TRUST
E) These monsters are not just the (9) of a(n) (10) mind, they once
populated the land and waters of our earth.
9 CREATE 10 IMAGE

Set 5
A) I have (1) tried to warn him about all the possible (2) of this degrading
affair, but he simply wouldnt listen.
1 REPEAT 2 SEQUENCE
B) Othellos (3) was aroused and then increased to obsessive jealousy by
Jagos (4) insinuations.
3 SUSPECT 4 LEAD
C) You can always rely on him in a(n) (5) emergency, nothing can shake his
(6) and equanimity.
5 SEE 6 POSE

24
D) The general (7) that the war had not been going quite as well as expected,
but he (8) the reporters from asking further questions.
7 KNOW 8 COURAGE
E) The English (9) like to make jokes about the (10) of the English
weather.
9 SELF 10 PREDICT

Set 6
A) They had almost given up hope when, (1) , one of the dogs picked up the
scent again (2) up the hillside.
1 EXPECT 2 FAR
B) (3), their hazardous plan was met with stiff (4) by the Board of
Directors.
3 SURPRISE 4 RESIST
C) I thought she would become hysterical when she heard them all calling her
a(n) (5), but she remained completely (6) by the accusations.
5 LIE 6 RUFFLE
D) The companies entered into a(n) (7) to market the product, which had a(n)
(8) effect on the economy of the whole region.
7 ALLY 8 BENEFIT
E) I know everybody considers him a(n) (9) womanizer, but hes not my
boy-friend, hes just an occasional dinner (10) .
9 REPUTE 10 COMPANY

Set 7
A) He tried (1) to make his suspicious partners believe that in fact the change
would be (2) . They didnt swallow it.
1 SUCCESS 2 SEQUENCE

25
B) He got out of the bath (3) and hurried, cursing, to answer the phone, but
he lost his balance on the (4) floor and broke his leg.
3 WILL 4 SLIP
C) She had always wanted to see Scotland, so after that (5) scandal she went
off to spend a(n) (6) holiday in that beautiful scenery.
5 DISASTER 6 FORGET
D) These Norman castles certainly look (7), but I dont think I could stand
the (8) cold in those draughty halls all through the winter.
7 PRESS 8 MAD
E) You have no idea how wickedly (9) smugglers can be when it comes to
concealing items they want to take across borders (10) .
9 SOURCE 10 LEGAL

Set 8
A) It turned out that he would have (1) sold crucial information to the
competition, had his treachery not been (2) in time.
1 SCRUPLE 2 COVER
B) Due to his (3) skill and to his wifes circle of friends, he now ranks among
the worlds most (4) neurosurgeons.
3 MARK 4 STAND
C) It is (5) to pretend you are calm, anyone can see that your hands are
shaking (6) even when you hold them in your lap.
5 USE 6 CONTROL
D) These guard dogs are not reputed for their friendly (7), I suggest you
choose a more (8) and docile breed for your children.
7 POSE 8 PLAY
E) Excuse my complete (9) on the subject, but could you tell us what exactly
the (10) of these changes would be?
9 IGNORE 10 IMPLY

26
Set 9
A) He was as drunk as a lord and gave me a look of blank (1) when I tried
to clarify the (2).
1 COMPREHEND 2 STAND
B) He caught a glimpse of some (3) substance emanating from the phial but
she gave him a(n) (4) look and he kept silent.
3 VAPOUR 4 MEAN
C) That derelict old house has been (5) ever since its last owner, a(n) (6)
criminal, was hanged.
5 HABIT 6 FAME
D) There are (7) examples of foreigners who have (8) effortlessly into our
way of life.
7 NUMBER 8 SIMILAR
E) She intimated that she had no companion yet for the ball and kept smiling at
him (9). She was rather (10) when he told her he wouldnt be in town
at all that night.
9 EXPECT 10 POINT

Set 10
A) Your kids will become more and more (1) and will rebel against your
authority. This attitude is (2) of teenagers.
1 OBEY 2 TYPE
B) The conversation was getting (3) political and acrimonious, so the hostess
felt compelled to put an end to it by announcing that (4) were just about to
be served.
3 PERIL 4 FRESH
C) As if the pain itself werent (5) enough, I also have to visit the hospital
(6) for the regular tests.
5 PLEASE 6 PERIOD

27
D) Her situation is far from (7) . Her children are getting more and more
(8) and her husband refuses to discipline them.
7 ENVY 8 WILL
E) With a completely (9) face he told her breathlessly waiting family that the
result of the tests was (10).
9 PRESS 10 DECIDE

SET 11
A) The sticky mixture had the (1) of thick cream and he was applying it
(2) into and over the cracks in the side of the boat.
1 CONSIST 2 SKILL
B) Its your responsibility to make sure that workers who handle (3)
materials always follow the standard fire prevention (4) .
3 FLAME 4 PROCEED
C) A vaporous, (5) mist seemed to be flowing around the house and the
(6) sky overhead was grey and heavy with snow.
5 SUBSTANCE 6 WINTER
D) Occasional and fairly moderate (7) of alcohol after meals, for example
doesnt necessarily make you a disreputable (8).
7 CONSUME 8 DRINK
E) His new colleagues are impressed by his efficiency, (9) unaware yet of
what an unscrupulous careerist he really is. It will be a nasty surprise when
they discover his rather (10) true nature.
9 SEEM 10 AGREE

Set 12
A) His most serious (1) was in the more modern methods for removing the
(2) in wine.
1 INVEST 2 PURE

28
B) These teenagers are at the most (3) age; they will campaign (4) for a
cause they find worthwhile.
3 PRESS 4 TIRE
C) These exercises might cause a slight (5) at first, but they will definitely
help you make a full (6).
5 COMFORT 6 COVER
D) Although the results of the last detailed statistics are (7), it is quite
obvious to all involved that the economic growth has been rather (8)
recently.
7 CONCLUDE 8 SLUG
E) In order to avoid any possible (9) consequences later, she (10) carried
out all the instructions.
9 DESIRE 10 DUTY

Set 13
A) She was always cheerful, even in (1), when Father had lost his job and
there was often (2) food to go round for the whole family.
1 VERSE 2 SUFFICE
B) Following that memorable hysterical outburst, the subtle coldness in his
manner was still barely (3), but I could clearly discern his growing
(4) with her.
3 NOTICE 4 PLEASE
C) After having watched fifteen commercials advertising an incredible variety
of (5) for womens skin, he asked them rather (6) how much profit
there was in selling this kind of deception.
5 BEAUTY 6 IRONY
D) In my opinion, it is highly (7) that such ingenuity and (8) should be
wasted on trivial matters.
7 REGRET 8 INVENT

29
E) She stared at him in total (9) . You cant do this to me, she whispered
(10) and collapsed onto the sofa in floods of tears.
9 BELIEVE 10 DRAMA

Set 14
A) All the local (1) are currently trying desperately to counteract a(n) (2)
wave of violence in the outskirts of the city.
1 AUTHOR 2 PRECEDE
B) The steep cliff walls of the chasm were (3) , but I found their sheer height
rather (4) and somewhat oppressing.
3 PICTURE 4 TIMID
C) The thoroughly (5) remarks he made about the religious practices of the
locals are another proof of his complete (6) as a go-between.
5 TASTE 6 USE
D) You know what they say: (7) is better than cure, so you should take out
a(n) (8) policy if you leave the house unattended for so long.
7 PREVENT 8 SURE
E) The other (9) were fascinated by the violent row of the two lads and thus
became (10) victims of their third accomplice, a pickpocket.
9 PASS 10 SUSPECT

Set 15
A) After standing for a long time in front of the painting, apparently ... (1) by its
unique beauty, she turned to us and said reproachfully: I cant understand
your cool ... (2) .
1 RAPT 2 DIFFER
B) When he had read through half of the (3) filled out by the regular clients,
he said they all seemed bitterly (4) with the new product.
3 QUESTION 4 SATISFY

30
C) Playing football in the classroom may be regarded as (5), but cannot be
punished as if it were a(n) (6) criminal offence.
5 BEHAVE 6 EXCUSE
D) Knowing about his (7), almost neurotic hatred of strangers, people might
question his (8) as a judge in this trial.
7 REASON 8 PART
E) The first days passed completely (9) on the beach, but then he decided to
try the (10) facilities provided by the holiday centre.
9 EVENT 10 CREATE

Set 16
A) It is not only the peculiar colour and specific consistency that (1) this
substance from all others, it also has a(n) (2) aromatic smell.
1 DISTINCT 2 MISTAKE
B) She seemed fatter than ever and complained as usual about the (3) of her
latest diet. However, I cant believe it was pure (4) that I saw her devour
three huge cream cakes the same afternoon.
3 EFFECT 4 INCIDENT
C) True, Jeff has had fairly long periods of (5), but Im afraid he was (6)
about the reasons that have always led him back to the bottle.
5 SOBER 6 TRUTH
D) The result of the careful mineral (7) of the area was negative, but
enterprising local farmers soon realised that the beautiful (8) made
it ideal for rural tourism development.
7 EXPLORE 8 SCENE
E) His family had been (9) by debt, but he proved remarkably resilient under
the (10) and put their firm back on its feet in a few years.
9 POVERTY 10 PRESS

31
 III. ERROR CORRECTION

I. In most lines of the following texts, there is ONE unnecessary word which is
either grammatically incorrect or doesnt fit. For each numbered line, find this
word. Some of the lines are correct. Indicate these with a tick ( ). You have two
examples, lines (0) and (00).

Text 1
Example: 0.
00. from

Is a Bad Memory Bad?

0. Having a bad memory can be dangerous. Have you ever left

00. from the house without remembering to turn off the gas
1. and almost have caused a fire? I have. And more than once
2. time as well. Now even when I remember to do it I convince
3. myself that I have forgotten. The picture in my mind there
4. is so vivid that I rush home imagining that fire-engines
5. outside of and flames pouring through the windows. But
6. of course I find everything in order. Forgetting things can
7. be embarrassing as well. It may seem like incredible, but
8. on one occasion I actually forgot the name of my flat-mate.
9. We had known us each other for two years. I didnt dare
10. ask her that she would have thought I was mad and
11. two whole days had to passed before I finally remembered.
12. It was embarrassing both and worrying. However, there are
13. advantages. You can avoid unpleasant experiences like trips to
14. the dentist simply by the forgetting you had an appointment.

32
Text 2

Example: 0.
00. all

Sesame

0. Sesame was one of the earliest herbs known to the world. There is
00. some disagreement among all the authorities as to the exact place
1. of origin of this ancient herb; it may only have been Africa,
2. Afghanistan or the East Indies. It is then mentioned in Sanskrit
3. literature and Egyptian scripts, as well as in old Hebrew writings.
4. Cleopatra is supposed to have been used sesame oil as a skin
5. beautifier. Sesame used to grow in the wild, but recently has been
6. grown up as an important crop in many parts of the world. It grows to
7. both three or four feet high and has white flowers that are followed by
8. seeds which produce oil, high in protein and mineral content.
9. A product of sesame seeds is an edible cream known as tahini, which
10. has had the consistency of honey and is extremely popular in Middle
11. Eastern and Greek food. Tahini is as the principal ingredient in a
12. popular sweet called halva. When being chilled and cut into small
13. blocks it makes an agreeable accompaniment to black coffee. Sesame
14. seed and honey bars are tasty sweets found out in cake shops and
15. delicatessens. Sesame meal, which is ground sesame seed, is obtained
16. from health-food shops and is increasingly found in some of bigger
17. supermarkets. As it is so high itself in protein, vegetarians use large
18. quantities of it in their daily diet. In fact therefore, anything using
19. sesame in some form or other is nutritious as well as delicious.

33
Text 3

Example: 0. the
00.

Good Night, Sleep Tight!

0. Since the time immemorial we have put our trust in a good nights
00. sleep to help us look and feel better. And with good reason: sleep
1. restores the body, builds out muscle, strengthens bones and the
2. immune system and helps with skin cells to regenerate. But just
3. how much sleep do we really need is a matter of debate. Back in
4. the 9th century King Alfred the Great was the first to decide that a
5. third of the day eight hours should be spent in asleep. Though
6. we still use Alfreds idea as a yardstick, but we all find the sleep
7. patterns which suit us best. While its true that too much or too
8. little of sleep can cause headaches, drowsiness, lack of energy
9. and irritability, its the quality of sleep or rather than the quantity,
10. which are matters. Since mans earliest days, all sorts of medicines
11. and drugs have been tried to achieve deep, untroubled sleep.
12. However, to get away from artificial methods, the exercising during
13. the day and avoiding such indigestible food, caffeine-filled drinks
14. and alcohol just before bedtime can help you to sleep better. And
15. the right kind environment is very important. You need to be in
16. darkness, warm but not too warm and be comfortable.

34
II. This time it is either a spelling or a punctuation error. For each numbered
line, write the correctly spelt word or show the correct punctuation. Some lines
are correct: (). You have three examples.

Text 4 Food Fame

Example: 0.
00. name, was
000. immigrant

0. Henry John Heinz, the founder of the gigantic food processing and
00. canning empire that bears his name was born in 1844 in Pittsburgh,
000. Pennsylvania, of German imigrant parents. When he was 25, he
1. formed a partnership with an old family freind, Larry Noble, selling
2. horseradish sauce in clear glass jars (previously, green glass had
3. disgiused the dishonest practice of substituting the horseradish with
4. other vegetables). So began the Heinz and Noble reputation for quality
5. and honesty. There products were also sold with the promise that they
6. did not contain artificial flavours and colours, long before such facters
7. were thought desirable Heinz & Noble steadily added other lines,
8. including pickles, and in 1876, Heinz formed an other company with
9. his brother and a cousin. One of the first products made was ketchup
10. a food found in every American household. This had previously been
11. made on a domestic scale and involved all the family stirring a hugh
12. pot over an enormous open fire for an entire day. The bussiness was
13. sufficiently successful by 1886 for the Heinz family to visit Europe.
14. The company sold its first products in Britain to an exclusive London
15. store, astonishing them by daring to enter througth the front door,
16. rather than the tradesmens entrance, as was expected at that time.

35
Text 5

Example: 0.
00. destruction
000. Diggers

The Welsh Mary Rose

0. A medieval wooden ship dubbed the Welsh Mary Rose has

00. been saved from distruction, just days before building work
000. would have buried it under tons of concrete for ever. Diggers
1. excavating the ship have so far found pottery, textilles and parts
2. of sales. The 25-metre ship, unique in Britain, was found in mud
3. during construction on an orchestra pit at a new arts centre in
4. Newport, south Wales. Unlike the original Mary Rose, the ship
5. preserved in Portsmouth, the Newport ship cannot be lifted in
6. one piece because several steal rods have already been driven
7. into some of the timbers. Following a campaigne to save the ship,
8. the government has provided 3.5m to disassemble; record and
9. protect the timbers, which have been dated to the winter of 1465.
10. The ambitous rescue scheme will involve building a new basement
11. below the arts centre where visiters will be able to view the ship
12. threw a glass floor. Im happy that the old lady of the sea has
13. been saved and will now be conserved. said Charles Ferris, a
14. spokesman for Save our Ship. The fact that the ship is going back
15. into the arts centre basement is better then it going in the bin. But
16. speaking personally, what a pity that its going to be hidden away.

36
 IV. FILL IN

I. Choose the best variant to fit in each correspondingly numbered space to

complete the text:

Text 1

Paul Stewart (1) written many books for children, with titles (2) as
The Thought Domain, The Weather Witch, (3) Snowman Who Couldnt
Melt. He has (4) written short stories both for children and (5), and a
travel book. He was (6) on the 4th of June 1955, in London, where he also
(7) up. Later in life, the date of his birth (8) to become strangely important
(9) his writing career.
After school, he (10) a year off, during (11) he lived in a community
in Yorkshire, travelled around Europe (12) did several temporary jobs,
(13) which he had done none in (14) life before.
He went to Lancaster University (15) 1974 to 1977, where he gained
(16) first class honours degree (17) English.
In another year off after university, he worked (18) a play leader and
security guard, and lived four months in Greece. (19), he picked oranges and
olives, lived in a cave, and wrote in a notebook he (20) taken with him.

1. A) has B) had C) he D) was

2. A) like B) for example C) such D) e.g.
3. A) A B) The C) One D) My
4. A) also B) then C) too D) after
5. A) growns-up B) adults C) others D) else
6. A) born B) borne C) birth D) being born
7. A) brought B) raised C) rose D) grew

37
8. A) proved B) was C) had D) seemed
9. A) with B) along C) to D) for
10. A) spent B) left C) took D) saved
11. A) that B) which C) then D) what
12. A) and B) or C) because D) when
13. A) from B) among C) for D) of
14. A) the B) whole C) a D) his
15. A) between B) until C) from D) since
16. A) a B) the C) his D) one
17. A) for B) in C) of D) on
18. A) as B) like C) for D) both
19. A) Where B) Then C) There D) Between
20. A) has B) had C) did D) was

Text 2

Beatrice had had a number of jobs, none of (1) for very long. She had
been a bus conductor (2) one time, then a postman, and then she (3)
cleaned the floor in a supermarket. Usually she left the job when she got tired
(4) it. Sometimes she (5) sacked.
Then one day she saw an ad for a job (6) a canal warden. She applied
(7) the job because it sounded interesting, (8) having the faintest idea what a
canal warden did.
Surprisingly enough, she did get the job, and started work a few days (9).
As far as she could see, her duties were to (10) an official cap and coat, and
walk (11) the banks of the canal, enjoying the fresh air. (12) days when it
rained, she would sit in a nearby caf and watch the canal from there. She
(13) us it was the best job she had ever had.

38
 It was all too good to (14), of course. One day she fell into the canal, and
started shouting for help. A fellow warden arrived, (15) to find some passers-
by pulling her out.
The news that she could not swim (16) a shock to her employers. They
said her main purpose was rescuing people (17) fell into the canal. She says
she never knew that, they never asked her (18) she could swim. She also
says, somewhat disappointed, that she wouldnt be looking for (19) job now
if it hadnt (20) for that stupid incident.

1. A) them B) which C) these D) that

2. A) for B) from C) at D) since
3. A) has B) did C) have D) had
4. A) of B) with C) from D) by
5. A) get B) was being C) had D) was
6. A) as B) like C) for D) with
7. A) to B) for C) at D) in
8. A) not B) without C) nobody D) no one
9. A) later B) after C) before D) finally
10. A) make B) wear C) having D) bear
11. A) besides B) at C) to D) along
12. A) In B) The C) During D) On
13. A) said B) confessed C) told D) suggested
14. A) last B) be C) her D) long
15. A) there B) only C) helped D) trying
16. A) gave B) had been C) proved D) seemed
17. A) which B) that C) who D) when
18. A) weather B) that C) if D) how
19. A) a B) new C) other D) another
20. A) had B) existed C) been D) occurred

39
Text 3

Gerard Mercator: The Man Who Mapped the Planed

When Gerard Mercator was born in the year 1512, the geography of the
globe still (1) a mystery. It was unclear whether America was part of Asia, if
there was a vast (2) of sea at the top of the world or if Australia was (3) to
Antarctica.
Mercators childhood was spent chiefly in Rupelmonde, a Flemish trading
town (4) the river, and it was here that his geographical imagination was
(5) by the ships which passed to and from the rest of the world. Alongside
imagination, he developed two very different skills. The first was the ability to
gather, (6) and co-ordinate the geographical information (7) by explorers
and sailors (8) frequented the margins of the known. He also had to be able to
imagine himself (9) from the heavens, to achieve the visionary (10) of
gods in the skies, (11) down on the world.
The main reason why Mercators name is (12) to us is because of the
Mercator Projection: the solution he (13) to represent the spheroidal surface
of the globe on a two-dimensional (14). It is less well known that Mercator
was the first man to conceive of mapping the (15) surface of the planet or that
he (16) the idea of multiple maps being presented in bound books, to which
he gave the name Atlas.
It is difficult for us now to be surprised by maps, so many are there, and of
(17) detail and coverage, but we should (18) in mind that Mercator lived
at a time when such knowledge was far from (19). He was the man who
(20) our worldview for ever.

1. A) remained B) continued C) maintained D) endured

2. A) territory B) distance C) range D) expanse

40
3. A) connected B) coupled C) united D) integrated
4. A) at B) on C) along D) nearby
5. A) raised B) reared C) supplied D) nourished
6. A) congregate B) amass C) assimilate D) construct
7. A) granted B) conferred C) contributed D) provided
8. A) that B) which C) who D) often
9. A) suspended B) located C) situated D) attached
10. A) inspection B) observation C) perspective D) assessment
11. A) glimpsing B) scrutinizing C) watching D) gazing
12. A) familiar B) recognizable C) memorable D) famous
13. A) invented B) contrived C) devised D) schemed
14. A) plane B) plain C) area D) surface
15. A) sheer B) full C) entire D) utter
16. A) pioneered B) initiated C) lead D) prepared
17. A) so B) much C) such D) many
18. A) carry B) hold C) take D) bear
19. A) typical B) common C) routine D) normal
20. A) converted B) substituted C) distorted D) altered

Text 4

Allergies

Put simply, an allergy (1) a disorder in which the body over-reacts to

harmless substances which in normal circumstances should not produce any
reaction at (2). An allergy can occur in almost (3) part of your body, and
can (4) caused by just about anything. Mainly, (5), allergies become
evident on parts of the body directly exposed (6) the outside world.

41
 Certain allergies occur only at (7) times of the year, while (8) are there
all the time. Those (9) occur all the year round are probably caused by
something (10) come into contact (11) every day of your life, some
seemingly harmless object (12) as your deodorant (13) the pillow you lie
on each night.
Allergies can occur at any time during your life, (14) usually do so before
your fortieth birthday. Sometimes the symptoms are (15) slight that you do
not (16) know you have an allergy, and it may take years
(17) an allergy to become noticeable. It all depends on the (18) of the
substance to which you are exposed and for how (19).
Sometimes an allergy can disappear as suddenly as it arrived, (20) any
treatment. Sometimes it comes and goes for no apparent reason, and with no
regularity.

1. A) has B) is C) are D) can be

2. A) all B) that C) times D) least
3. A) all B) either C) any D) several
4. A) B) be C) have D) to be
5. A) then B) although C) anyway D) however
6. A) for B) to C) into D) at
7. A) certain B) all C) any D) some of
8. A) others B) other C) the other D) another
9. A) ones B) which C) what D) who
10. A) people B) they C) everybody D) you
11. A) in B) with C) on D) of
12. A) example B) same C) such D) things
13. A) and B) either C) or D) spray
14. A) and B) they C) these D) but
15. A) very B) such C) so D) fairly

42
16. A) even B) then C) immediately D) almost
17. A) to B) that C) for D) until
18. A) quality B) nature C) amount D) number
19. A) very B) how C) what D) not
20. A) neednt B) unnecessary C) lacking D) without

Text 5
Taxi, Taxi!

The first known taxi was an Egyptian water cab in about 4000 BC. In the 17th
century, first in Paris, then in London, there were horse-drawn hackneys and as
(1) as 1623 Londons wherry-boat operators were already complaining that
the hackneys (2) them of their living.
Taxis soon came (3) government regulation. In 1800, in Paris, the
cabriolet, a speedy two-wheeled carriage (4) by a single horse, was dubbed
the cab (5) in 1834, Joseph Hansom patented the Hansom Cab. Before the
automobile became the taxi (6) choice, there were a few eccentric efforts to
improve (7) the Hansom Cab, but (8) was Harry N. Allen who was the
father of the taxi cab. (9) his New York vehicles he imported the French taxi-
mtre, which (10) measure taxes, (11) fares, and the taxi cab was born.
(12) as the men who made Hollywood were dreamers and entrepreneurs,
so (13) the men who made the taxis in America run. (14) them was John
Hertz, who got (15) the taxi business in 1907. After reading a University of
Chicago study that said yellow was the colour (16) easily spotted, he
developed the Yellow Cab. He was (17) for the purpose-built taxi and he
(18) it affordable cabs had always (19) for rich folk. He organized Yellow
Cab companies in other towns, (20) New York City, and later set up the first
car rental service.

43
1. A) early B) long C) soon D) well
2. A) replaced B) robed C) stole D) deprived
3. A) about B) above C) for D) under
4. A) drawn B) fetched C) pult D) run
5. A) but B) also C) and D) afterwards
6. A) as B) for C) of D) to
7. A) at B) for C) on D) up
8. A) at B) it C) then D) there
9. A) Along B) As C) For D) To
10. A) did B) could C) should D) would
11. A) and B) or C) otherwise D) thus
12. A) Also B) Just C) Like D) So
13. A) did B) could C) had D) were
14. A)Aside B) Along C) Among D) According
15. A) for B) into C) on D) with
16. A) most B) so C) such D) well
17. A) well-know B) originator C) responsible D) successful
18. A) caused B) let C) made D) produced
19. A) afforded B) been C) gone D) limited
20. A) apart B) as C) like D) with

Text 6

At last, (1) to modern technology, there is a way to (2) out if people are
telling the truth. The Liebuster (3) just like an ordinary watch, but in (4)
its far more (5) that! In (6) to telling the time, it buzzes when it detects a
lie. The (7) the lie, the louder the buzz. You will find it invaluable (8)
youre at home or at work. It is by (9) the smallest, most accurate lie-detector

44
ever made. It measures the stress in peoples voices by (10) of high-tech
microchips. In business negotiations it will (11) you if people are being
(12) with you. At (13) it can warn you if your wife or husband is lying when
they tell you what they did that weekend when you were away (14) business.
Never (15) has such an electronic miracle been (16) at such a low price!
So get (17) now while stocks (18). Hurry! Dont (19)! Nobody can do
(20) the Liebuster, the miracle of modern high-tech electronics!

1. A) thankful B) because C) grateful D) thanks

2. A) discover B) find C) detect D) know
3. A) is B) seems C) looks D) appears
4. A) fact B) original C) truth D) real
5. A) like B) only C) then D) than
6. A) addition B) order C) plus D) surplus
7. A) more big B) more C) bigger D) larger
8. A) if B) both C) either D) whether
9. A) most B) far C) measure D) size
10. A) means B) way C) help D) assistance
11. A) say to B) attention C) advise D) tell
12. A) liar B) untruth C) dishonest D) deceptive
13. A) best B) home C) other time D) other hand
14. A) on B) for C) to D) with
15. A) before B) ago C) yet D) so far
16. A) there B) available C) found D) bought
17. A) your B) it C) them D) one
18. A) exist B) function C) last D) have
19. A) expect B) resist C) delay D) be waiting
20. A) for B) nothing C) you D) without

45
Text 7

Bananas are best!

Britain has gone mad for bananas. Over the (1) 12 months Britons have
consumed an unprecedented 3.5bn pieces of (2) tropical fruit, forcing the
native apple (3) second place. The nations banana boom is one of the most
remarkable nutritional trends (4) recent years, a guide not (5) to the
growing health consciousness of the British people but also to the countrys
economic health.
(6) is amazing is that bananas were virtually unheard of during the 19th
century and even up until the end of the 1920s (7) anyone in Britain had
tasted or even seen (8).
Early attempts to introduce them to northern countries had met (9) failure
because, by the time they had (10) shipped to Britain, they had rotted beyond
recognition. (11), thanks to the development of refrigerated shipping, all
(12) changed. Refrigerated shipping meant that then, as (13), bunches of
imported bananas could arrive in good condition (14) ripening houses in
dockyards where they (15) sorted. The first commercial refrigerated shipment
arrived 100 years ago, triggering an enthusiasm from (16) Britons have never
looked back.
The banana has everything going for it, says Jeanette Scott of the Banana
Group marketing organisation. Its easy to open, its (17) with energy and
vitamins and is low in calories. It is (18) a first-class cure for upset stomachs
and it stabilises blood pressure, (19) its popularity should (20) be seen as
that surprising.

46
1. A) latest B) recent C) past D) late
2. A) the B) these C) such D) those
3. A) to B) from C) into D) in
4. A) for B) these C) of D) from
5. A) exclusively B) simply C) justly D) only
6. A) What B) That C) The thing D) Which
7. A) almost B) hardly C) barely D) seldom
8. A) these B) any C) them D) one
9. A) the B) complete C) full D) with
10. A) B) been C) had D) finally
11. A) Although B) Despite this C) However D) All the same
12. A) was B) this C) things D) process
13. A) now B) this days C) present D) actually
14. A) at B) in C) to D) for
15. A) are B) have been C) had been D) were
16. A) that B) which C) where D) when
17. A) full B) ripe C) rich D) packed
18. A) still B) too C) also D) moreover
19. A) and B) but C) so D) also
20. A) not B) rarely C) never D) hardly

47
II. Read the text and then choose from the list given below the best phrase to fill
each of the spaces. Some of the suggested answers do not fit at all.

Text 1

Have a Good Flight!

Ive always been nervous about flying. (1) that air travel has an
excellent safety record, I still find myself becoming more and more anxious as
the moment for take-off approaches. (2) is to bury myself in a book and
switch to automatic pilot, trying not to think about what is going on about me.
This tactics is normally quite successful. (3), I suffered my worst
nightmare. The flight itself was smooth enough; what I found so terrifying was
the man who sat next to me. He was hardly in his seat before he began to engage
me in unwilling conversation. (4) that I was desperately attempting to focus
all my attention on my book. Each time I appeared not to register what he said,
he simply repeated it in a louder voice, tugging my sleeve.
(5) that he was an aircraft enthusiast, with a particular interest in
aviation disasters. By the time we had taxied onto the runway, I knew every
design detail of the plane we were on, including which sections were most likely
to ignite in the event of an emergency landing. (6) began to accelerate
towards take-off, he leaned across and added, almost casually: Of course, this
planes one of the old models. Theyre all being withdrawn from service next
year, if they havent fallen apart by then. I panicked. Suddenly, every sound I
heard was a sure sign that some crucial piece of the airplane was working loose.
(7) that my heartbeat approached normal again and I relaxed my grip on the
arms of my seat a little.

48
 A. My only hope was
B. It soon became clear
C. The only thing that helps at all
D. As we left the aircraft
E. He seemed utterly unaware
F. But on a recent trip to Barcelona
G. When our plane landed
H. And as our plane
I. It was only after an hour or so
J. Even though I know rationally

Text 2
Health Advice for Travellers

Doctors tend to be poor educators; we have depressingly little to show for

our efforts to educate the general public on even such a clear-cut issue as the
effects of cigarette smoking on health. (1) is it for doctors to provide large
numbers of departing travellers with detailed information and effective advice
for their trip when the usual forum for doing so is a single, hurried consultation,
just before departure. There are limits to what can be achieved in or should be
expected from a medical consultation (2), even when the doctor is well-
motivated and well-informed about the subject, and the traveller is receptive, has
a perfect memory, and is good at doing what he or she is told.
What kind of advice should travellers receive? A list of rules and
instructions (3) carries the implication that travellers are incapable of
understanding the principles involved, are not interested, or do not need to
know. (4) advice offered on such condescending terms is seldom followed
for long.

49
 The best advice is not a list of dos and donts, (5), a clear, rational
explanation from which a conclusion is obvious. (6) and I believe that
travellers should have the opportunity to choose for themselves how much they
want or need to know.
(7), we have studiously avoided giving advice to consult a doctor
without stating the reason for doing so. Consult your doctor is a useful
formula to enable advice-givers to avoid difficult issues, but is a particularly
unhelpful one when it relates to a problem which may arise abroad. (8) to
find a doctor in a remote place. Merely finding a doctor does not guarantee that
the correct advice or treatment will be given. Some 85% of the worlds
population have never seen a doctor, and never will. Advice for travellers must
take account of the fact that travellers to many parts of the world will be (9).

A. information is a powerful weapon,

B. it is hardly surprising that
C. but despite this
D. throughout this book
E. but is based on information
F. it is essential
G. in the same position
H. given without explanation or justifications
I. it is not easy
J. based on the principle
K. how much more difficult, then
L. under the best of circumstances

50
 V. REPHRASE

I. Rephrase the following sentences starting as suggested:

1. I can study properly only if I sit at a desk. / Sitting at a desk

2. Jennifer regretted having made that silly remark. / Jennifer wished
3. It is said that he escaped to a neutral country. / He
4. The quarrel broke out because they got different presents. / Had
5. Someone has stolen the bosss car. / The boss
6. In spite of all our efforts, we failed. / Although
7. We worked in the garden the whole weekend. / We spent
8. It is clear that they were not gathering wood for the fire. / They
9. Leo feels sick because he has eaten polluted shellfish. / If
10. Is it really compulsory for me to arrive so early? / Do I
11. When she had finished her tour, they invited her to dinner. / Having
12. They only sought refuge abroad after their home had been bombed.
/ Only
13. Sleeping in a tent is not an uncomfortable novelty for him. / He
14. They believe that her ghost has been haunting the cottage. / Her ghost
15. As the light gradually grew strong, it felt safe to walk on the path. / The
16. It is obvious that she was not advertising cosmetics. / She
17. Such intricate ironwork cant be seen anywhere else. / Nowhere
18. I didnt tread on the grass in the garden yesterday! / He denied
19. She was weaving several blue threads into the pattern. / Several
20. More evidence has been gathered by the police lately. / The police
21. I regret not having warned you about his allergy. / I wish
22. The chairs are being carried into the garden by the boy. / The boy
23. Its impossible that they were listening to the radio, its broken. / They

51
24. Why does lightning always strike tall buildings? / He wondered
25. It was unnecessary for him to tear up the letters. / He
26. We always get into embarrassing situations because of your stupidity.
/ But
27. He started growing these flowers many years ago. / Hes
28. You spent the weekend with your secretary! she said. / She accused
29. They didnt die of thirst because they reached the oasis. / If
30. Dont forget to turn off the heating, he said. / He reminded
31. He couldnt swim ashore because of the huge waves. / But
32. The dry grass caught fire because you dropped your match. / Had
33. I didnt leave the window open yesterday! / Fred denied
34. The horses might have been scared by the thunder. / The thunder
35. Does your mother always lie down after lunch? he asked.
/ He asked me
36. Why does the cover always fall off? / They wondered
37. It was unnecessary for you to stick a note to my windscreen. / You
38. We couldnt see butterflies because the wind was blowing. / Had
39. Dont forget to bring the photos tomorrow. / He reminded
40. What message was he writing on that old envelope?
41. He must come back in case his condition gets worse. / Were
42. It is obvious that the fire was started deliberately. / The fire
43. How many fish did you catch here last year? / She asked him
44. She began designing evening dresses several years ago. / Shes
45. The police are after me as they discovered the hidden gun. / If
46. It is impossible that they were sleeping in that noise. / They
47. We didnt bind the prisoners hands with rope! / They denied
48. It would have been a nice idea to take your friends to tea. / You
49. Work as hard as he may, he cant keep up with his neighbours. / In vain
50. It has proved unnecessary for you to have carried two pullovers. / You

52
51. They are sitting uncomfortably because you didnt bring some cushions.
/ If
52. Where does your sister usually buy her shoes? / He asked me
53. The strong walls prevented them from taking the city. / But
54. She only let them in after they had presented their badges. / Not until
55. They believed that the cave was guarded by a giant. / The cave
56. It is obvious that she was improvising the whole story. / She
57. The dentist must extract your bad tooth. / You
58. I regret that I didnt lie down as the doctor said. / If
59. Please let me know if he decides to leave earlier. / Should
60. I am sorry to have given them my private phone number. / I wish
61. They only noticed the thieves because the dog started barking. / Had
62. I strongly advise you to give up on that crazy plan. / You
63. It is impossible that they wore boots in such warm weather. /They
64. You drew me a confusing map on purpose! she accused him. / She
65. The water rose quickly because of the pressure outside. / But
66. Im certain she was daydreaming all through the meeting. / She
67. It wouldnt have been necessary to tear down the old shed. / They
68. Although the heat was unbearable, he was wearing a dinner- jacket.
/ Despite
69. They dont invite common people to participate. / Common
70. I was surprised that my friends threw a party for my birthday. / I didnt
71. He rang the bell several times but nobody answered the door. / In vain
72. The secretary will type out their instructions for them. / They
73. Im sorry I turned off the central heating so soon. / If
74. I warn you to keep your dog on a leash in the city. / You
75. He only noticed the bloodstains when he went into the bathroom.
/ Not until
76. However regularly he swept the path, he couldnt keep it clean. / In vain

53
77. She can only wash her hair if she heats the water first. / Unless
78. She is travelling now because she inherited a small fortune. / Had
79. What does she usually carry in her bag? / He wanted to know
80. They think the water was polluted by the mines. / The water
81. They only employed him after he had passed five tests. / Not until
82. He began drinking this tea when they diagnosed his illness. / Since
83. She felt sick the moment the car started. / No sooner
84. Your feet are aching because you didnt put on comfortable shoes. / If
85. You have baked my favourite cake! You are very kind! / How kind
86. The weather was so bad that we couldnt go for a walk. / It
87. When I saw that tree I suddenly remembered my childhood. / That tree
88. This milk bottle is almost completely empty. / There
89. She worried too much about the exam but it all went well. / She
90. Your tent needs to be mended before you go on the trip. / You
91. Actors sometimes need hours to put on their make-up. / It
92. She finds it very difficult to work such long hours regularly. / She cant
93. As he is an unreliable person, they never show him confidential plans.
/ Being
94. It was foolish of you not to lie down after the treatment. / You
95. They noticed her in the dark because she was wearing a white dress. / But
96. They cant play in the garden because of the wet grass. / If it
97. It is clear that he was not working in his office at the time. / He
98. I dont know whats going on as you never reply to my questions. / If
99. Our describing the scenery in detail was a waste of time. / We
100. I regret that I didnt strike him across the face then and there. / If
101. You are trying to undermine my authority! / He accused her
102. I can only tell the twins apart because of their different hairstyle. / But
103. I didnt stick out my tongue at her yesterday! the kid said.
/ The kid denied

54
104. Im sure Grandpa didnt shoot that tiger; hes never been to India.
/ Grandpa
105. There was no need for them to dig such a deep hole. / They
106. Why does the tip always break off so easily? she said. / She wondered
107. He is marrying my daughter only for her money! / She accused him
108. We cant get a good hold on this sack because you stuffed it so full. / If
109. It is obvious that he fell from grace because of the scandal. / He
110. It was a mistake for them to tie the two cars together. / They
111. No one had ever climbed this part of the mountainside before. / Never
112. It has proved unnecessary for them to draw so much water from the well.
/ They
113. It is clear that the tunnel caved in because of the explosion. / The tunnel
114. I did not eat all the chocolate myself! / The kid denied
115. It is evident that they were not waiting at the established place. / They
116. He cant dig a vegetable patch because of the muddy earth. / If it
117. We were surprised when more guests came than we had expected.
/ We didnt
118. Its obvious that they werent looking for mushrooms in that darkness.
/ They
119. As she is so averse to gossip, they often entrust her with secrets. / Being
120. Although he had deceived her previously, she forgave him again.
/ Despite his
121. It is clear that she was not carrying all the luggage herself. / She
122. He only struck a match after he had made sure the air was clean.
/ Only when
123. She would rather begin at dawn than stay up at night. / She prefers
124. No one had ever sailed these dangerous waters before. / Never
125. I couldnt read the notice because it was written in Chinese. / Had

55
II. Rephrase the following sentences using the word given in capital letters. This
word should not be changed and it does not need to be the first word of the new
sentence.

1. Take an umbrella with you. It may rain this afternoon. CASE

2. We made more decorations than we needed for the party. HAVE
3. This is my first swim in this river. NEVER
4. He would prefer the kids not to accept anything from her. RATHER
5. He last drew a portrait ten years ago. FOR
6. The only thing I forgot to take was the bottle-opener. EVERYTHING
7. The firemen will only arrive after the building burns down. TIME
8. The leaves dried the moment they grew out. WHEN
9. Please dont show him the family album on his first visit. DID
10. The moment he hid he felt something crawling on his back. THAN
11. Neither the children nor the teachers accepted the new system. DID
12. This dog is dedicated to its master; moreover, it is a fast learner. ONLY
13. They last flew by plane five years ago. SINCE
14. The police will only identify the thief after he sells my car. TIME
15. They were about to announce the police when the ring turned up. OF
16. Where was he living two years ago? WONDERED
17. That was my first fall from the new ladder. NEVER
18. I have baked a cake. The children might want to have tea. CASE
19. We cant go into the restaurant because you tore your trousers. IF
20. He could remember every detail but the colour of her eyes. ONLY
21. Why was he training the dogs in the park? TRAINED
22. Nobody has ever seen those animals at daylight. NEVER
23. He prefers lying in the sun to playing volley-ball. RATHER
24. Who painted the garden fence? BY
25. I would prefer the children not to leave the yard. DID

56
26. Who drew this picture of the old house? BY
27. I would have liked my son to take after his grandfather. ONLY
28. You tried to mislead the inspector! they said. ACCUSED
29. The sharp rocks prevented us from lying comfortably. FOR
30. He prefers acting on stage to playing in films. RATHER
31. The dog will keep barking if you dont feed him. UNLESS
32. They will not recognise you unless you take your mask off. AS
33. They began the exploration of this area two years ago. FOR
34. The alarm went off the moment he tore the wires. THAN
35. The tiger will vanish before the hunting party has gathered. TIME
36. If the amount is small, the effect is not very visible. LESS
37. Although it was dark, he managed to find his way. SPITE
38. That was their first flight on the new aeroplane. EVER
39. You can only enter the system if you know the password. UNLESS
40. The garden doesnt look nice because of the weeds. FOR
41. She would prefer us to sweep the office after closing time. RATHER
42. He lost his balance the moment he stepped into the bath. THAN
43. He began preparing the experiment five months ago. FOR
44. The guests will get bored unless you come up with fresh gossip. AS
45. Why does this window never close properly? WONDERED
46. Did the burglars bind up the guard? BY
47. Nobody has ever explored this part of the lake. NEVER
48. She prefers us to spend the holidays with friends. SPENT
49. The last time she sold a painting was in 2005. SINCE
50. You can only get to the island if you hire a boat. UNLESS
51. That tight dress prevents her from running faster. FOR
52. She started learning that poem when she finished her essay. SINCE
53. The door sprang open the moment he touched the doorknob. THAN
54. The kids are restless because you didnt stop for lunch. IF

57
55. It is believed that his ancestors came with William of Normandy. TO
56. I dont feel like re-organising the department again so soon. MOOD
57. She will sue for a divorce if you stop sending the money. AS
58. If the pictures are very interesting, they dont pay attention to the text.
MORE
59. I would prefer him not to play his trumpet so late at night. RATHER
60. Only those who agree to work overtime will get a bonus. UNLESS
61. Although this test may seem difficult, its worth the trouble. AS
62. Dont try to shut that door, the handle is broken. NO
63. This is the most hare-brained scheme I have ever heard. NEVER
64. After many weeks of searching, they found the missing child. FOR
65. He was unsuccessful in persuading the committee. TRY
66. You may forget anything except your passport. ONLY
67. Both my brother and his friend wanted to become pilots. DID
68. That young boy struck us as a talented singer. GAVE
69. She only found the house when she had asked for directions. UNTIL
70. Sunshine was scarce last spring, yet the flowers grew well. SPITE
71. We were just about to return when we saw the light. RETURNING
72. What kind of steps would you take if a fire broke out? WERE
73. He must have got someone to mend his trousers. MENDED
74. I have no previous experience of frying this kind of fish. NEVER
75. We cant see the valley because of the rising mist. FOR
76. I dont feel like listening to his bragging all the way. LISTEN
77. No one will suspect a thing unless they start babbling in the pub. AS
78. The wind is blowing through because you didnt mend the roof. IF
79. Although he was embarrassed, he answered the question. SPITE
80. They prefer their guests to eat in the restaurant. RATHER
81. They misunderstood the message due to your awful spelling. FOR
82. The moment he lay down to sleep he felt rain dripping on his head. THAN

58
83. I dont feel like gathering the fallen leaves in this cold weather. MOOD
84. The last time I trod barefoot on such soft grass was ages ago. FOR
85. The dog has never bitten us because we dont go near her puppies. WERE
86. This horse will stay calm unless you force it to jump over fences. AS
87. Although the smell was obnoxious, she kept the window shut. DESPITE
88. I regret that I didnt fly with the other air-travel company. IF
89. He cant be bothered with reading all those books for an exam. LIKE
90. Where would you take shelter if a hurricane approached? WERE
91. I have no previous experience of winding such an old clock. NEVER
92. I mistook you for your cousin because of the dim light. FOR
93. She prefers paying double the price to queuing for hours. SOONER
94. They couldnt break down the door because it was made of steel. IF
95. She didnt tell us the truth because of your intimidating attitude. FOR
96. That environment is very polluted, thats why these plants cant grow well.
TOO
97. I have no previous experience of weaving this kind of pattern. NEVER
98. No matter how harsh conditions are, children enjoy these trips. AS
99. Gangs can only be stopped if all the authorities join forces. UNLESS
100. Both my mother and my aunt love doing huge jigsaw puzzles. DOES

59
 VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE

I. Choose the correct variant to complete the sentences:

1. If the water rise any higher, we would have to move upstairs.

A. will B. should C. were to D. happens to

2. He tried to bring the painting into the country but was arrested.
A. ilegally B. illegally C. ilegaly D. illegally

3. That meat might be infected, you eat it.

A. had rather not B. had better not
C. would better not D. had better no to

4. He asked us where sitting during the show the previous night.

A. were we B. we were C. had we been D. we had been

5. She dropped the plate into the sink because her fingers were with
butter.
A. slipy B. slippy C. slipery D. slippery

6. She would rather gather mushrooms flowers.

A. than pick B. than to pick C. to picking D. than picking

7. The dust was so annoying that he couldnt help .

A. sneezing B. a sneeze C. to sneeze D. and sneezed

8. She was breathing hard as if she all the way from the river.
A. were running B. had ran C. ran D. had been running

60
9. They have always been of his successful career as a writer.
A. jealous B. gealous C. jelous D. gelous

10. I waiting on this windy platform for hours.

A. dont care to B. cant be bothered
C. dont feel like D. am not in the mood of

11. read the book so superficially, she might have found the quotation.
A. If she didnt B. Would she not
C. Had she not D. If she wouldnt have

12. The last time you me flowers five years ago.

A. sent was B. sent has been
C. have sent was D. had sent was

13. He would never completely trust anybody. He has a very mind.

A. suspitious B. suspecting C. suspicious D. suspectious

14. he hear anything new, he must announce the police immediately.

A. If B. Should C. In case D. Provided

15. The committee was elected and with organizing the festival.
A. assigned B. provided C. appointed D. entrusted

16. Three days and the police still any trace of the burglars.
A. passed hadnt found B. had passed hadnt found
C. had passed didnt find D. passed didnt find

61
17. You had better take of the sunshine while the good weather lasts.
A. the advantage B. an advantage C. your advantage D. advantage

18. Not only up late, but he also forgot to bring his copybook.
A. had he turned B. did he turn C. he had turned D. turned he

19. They accused him knocked off the radio from the table on purpose.
A. of having B. for having C. to have D. that he

20. Its almost seven years since they for that short trip.
A. left B. were gone C. have left D. had left

21. Since when have politicians been to media attention?

A. averse B. disgusted C. phobic D. disdainful

22. Tom was the last and explained that his car had broken down.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. arrival D. in arriving

23. I wish you them about our agreement.

A. havent told B. shouldnt tell C. wont tell D. wouldnt tell

24. Their cover is the same colour. Its difficult to these two books
apart.
A. discriminate B. distinguish C. tell D. identify

25. But for the broken stairs we up into the bell tower.
A. cant climb B. would had climbed
C. could climb D. couldnt have climbed

62
II. Give the letter of the one INCORRECT answer:

1. turned her back, when the kids started fighting.

A. Hardly had she B. Barely she had
C. She had hardly D. Scarcely had she

2. They will never win the trial some more conclusive evidence
against him.
A. if they dont use B. unless they use
C. without using D. unless they will use

3. The higher they climbed, the more to breathe.

A. laborious it was B. difficult it became
C. harder it got D. troublesome it seemed

4. see a snake, run away.

A. Should you B. Provided you will
C. As soon as you D. The moment you

5. come by plane, they would have felt the earthquake.

A. Hadnt they B. If they had not
C. Had they not D. Supposing they hadnt

6. , they wont come home before nightfall.

A. If the weather stays fine B. As long as there isnt a storm
C. Unless the weather changes D. Unless there is no storm

7. You are staring into space as if you a ghost.

A. were seeing B. had seen C. have seen D. could see

63
8. He bring up the subject in front of his future father-in-law.
A. had better not to B. shouldnt
C. oughtnt to D. would be wiser not to

9. , he couldnt remember where he had hidden the money.

A. Try as he might B. Hard as he tried
C. In vain did he try D. As hard as he tried

10. They reached the cottage by the time the rain .

A. had started B. will have starts
C. will starts D. must have started

11. For all we know, they might have by now.

A. had cut the grass B. got the grass cut
C. had the grass cut D. cut the grass

12. Aunt Marges anniversary.

A. The last time weve spoken was at B. We havent spoken since
C. We last spoke at D. We did speak at

13. She plant her green peas while the temperature might still drop
below zero.
A. oughtnt B. shouldnt
C. had better not D. would be wiser not to

14. see anyone trying to cheat, blow the whistle twice.

A. Should you B. Supposing you will
C. As soon as you D. The moment you

64
15. In this terrible cold, she should have hours before their arrival.
A. had lit the fires B. had the fires lit
C. got the fires lit D. lit the fires

16. started the engine, when another car blocked his way.
A. Hardly had he B. No sooner had he
C. He had barely D. Scarcely had he

17. She will never finish her project a definite deadline for it.
A. unless theyll set B. unless she has
C. if she doesnt get D. if they dont set

18. Hes an idiot, he forgotten the message by the time he back to

the others.
A. had got B. will have gets
C. will have will get D. must have got

19. written that article, they wouldnt have invited him to that famous
talk-show.
A. Hadnt he B. If he had not
C. Had he not D. Supposing he hadnt

20. The larger the fire you make, the more it out before we leave.
A. trouble we will have putting B. difficult it will be to put
C. longer we will spend putting D. time it will take to put

21. the inter-house championship five years ago.

A. He last won B. He hasnt won since
C. The last competition he has won was D. He did eventually win

65
22. , these witnesses will never feel completely safe.
A. Protect them as heavily as they may
B. However heavily they are protected
C. In vain do they get heavy protection
D. As heavy as their protection is

23. , they wont need to bring the yacht into the harbour.
A. Assuming the sea remains calm
B. Unless there is no stronger wind
C. If the weather doesnt change
D. Provided the wind doesnt get up

24. They any more wine, the cellar is full.

A. neednt have to buy B. neednt have bought
C. dont need to buy D. neednt buy

25. He the new laboratory .

A. is experimenting since has been finished
B. has been experimenting since was finished
C. started experimenting when had been finished
D. began the experiments after had been finished

26. She supposed for a more effective antidote.

A. was to be searching B. is that she was searching
C. is to have been searching D. was to have been searching

27. Theres no inviting them, they never go to weddings receptions.

A. sense in B. use C. point in D. good

66
 VII. EXERCISES BASED on TEXTS

Text 1
I. Read the text and choose the correct variant to finish the statements:

Then one day I found a fat female scorpion in the wall, wearing what at first
glance appeared to be a pale fawn fur coat. Closer inspection proved that this
strange garment was made up of a mass of tiny babies clinging to the mothers
back. I was enraptured by this family, and I made up my mind to smuggle them
into the house and up to my bedroom so that I might keep them and watch them
grow up. With infinite care I manoeuvred the mother and family into a
matchbox, and them hurried to the villa. It was rather unfortunate that just as I
entered the door lunch should be served; however, I placed the matchbox
carefully on the mantelpiece in the drawing-room, so that the scorpions should
get plenty of air, and made my way to the dining-room and joined the family for
the meal. Dawdling over my food, feeding Roger surreptitiously under the table
and listening to the family arguing, I completely forgot about my exciting new
captures. At last Larry, having finished, fetched the cigarettes from the drawing-
room, and lying back in his chair he put one in his mouth and picked up the
matchbox he had brought. Oblivious of my impending doom I watched him
interestedly as, still talking glibly, he opened the matchbox.
Now I maintain to this day that the female scorpion meant no harm. She was
agitated and a trifle annoyed at being shut up in a matchbox for so long, and so
she seized the first opportunity to escape. She hoisted herself out of the box with
great rapidity, her babies clinging on desperately, and scuttled on to the back of
Larrys hand. There, not quite certain what to do next, she paused, her sting
curved up at the ready. Larry, feeling the movement of her claws, glanced down
to see what it was, and from that moment things got increasingly confused.

67
 He uttered a roar of fright that made Lugaretzia drop a plate and brought
Roger out from beneath the table, barking wildly. With a flick of his hand he
sent the unfortunate scorpion flying down the table, and she landed midway
between Margo and Leslie, scattering babies like confetti as she thumped on the
cloth. Thoroughly enraged at this treatment, the creature sped towards Leslie,
her sting quivering with emotion. Leslie leapt to his feet, overturning his chair,
and flicked out desperately with his napkin, sending the scorpion rolling across
the cloth towards Margo, who promptly let out a scream that any railway engine
would have been proud to produce. Mother, completely bewildered by this
sudden and rapid change from peace to chaos, put on her glasses and peered
down the table to see what was causing the pandemonium, and at that moment
Margo, in a vain attempt to stop the scorpions advance, hurled a glass of water
at it. The shower missed the animal completely, but successfully drenched
mother, who, not being able to stand cold water, promptly lost her breath and sat
gasping at the end of the table, unable even to protest. The scorpion had now
gone to ground under Leslies plate, while her babies swarmed wildly all over
the table. Roger, mystified by the panic, but determined to do his share, ran
round and round the room, barking hysterically.
(Gerald Durrell: My Family and Other Animals)

1) The scorpion appeared to be wearing a fur coat because

A. in winter, scorpions are covered with fur.
B. female scorpions always carry fur coats.
C. being covered with baby scorpions, the mothers back looked furry.
D. the fur of the female protected the babies.

2) The Gerry wished to capture the female scorpion and its babies to
A. play a practical joke on his family. C. have an original pet.
B. pretend he was a smuggler. D. study their development.

68
3) He put the box carefully on the mantelpiece because
A. he didnt want to be stung.
B. he was afraid to hurt the babies.
C. he thought the box would be out of reach.
D. he thought it was a healthy place with enough air.

4) The baby scorpions were clinging on desperately because

A. they had an instinctive sense of danger.
B. they wanted to sting Larry.
C. they could not understand why their mother was irritated.
D. they were very sad to have been locked up.

5) The female scorpion was scattering babies like confetti because

A. the family were celebrating Leslies birthday.
B. she wanted to contribute to the merry atmosphere.
C. they seemed to her trivial and unimportant like confetti.
D. the babies were the size and lightness of confetti.

6) Margo let out a scream that any railway engine would have been proud to
produce means that
A. she was a railway engineer.
B. her cry was as piercing as the whistle of a steam engine.
C. the action takes place at a railway station.
D. Margo is very proud of her shrill voice.

II. Find in the text synonyms (1-7) or antonyms (8-14) for the words:

1 aware; 2 bedlam; 3 to dally; 4 disgusted; 5 to fling; 6 to gather; 7 immediately;

8 imminent; 9 openly; 10 to parch; 11 tranquil; 12 tremble; 13 volubly;
14 whisper

69
III. Find the words in the text to match the definitions:

1. to look very carefully, with a narrowing of the eyes, because you are having
difficulty seeing clearly =
2. a short quick sudden movement or hit (especially with thumb and finger,
hand or a whip) =
3. to breathe in suddenly in a way that can be heard, especially because you are
surprised or in pain, or you are having difficulty breathing =
4. something very bad (failure, defeat, destruction, death, etc.) that is going to
happen =
5. to raise, lift, or pull up something =
6. 1. (adj.) having a pale yellow-brown colour; 2. (noun) a young deer;
3. (verb) to praise somebody and be friendly to them in an insincere way for
selfish reasons =
7. 1. to hold something or somebody tightly especially because you dont
feel safe; 2. to stick to somebody or something or seem to surround them; 3.
to stay close to somebody all the time, be too dependent on them =
8. make it hard for people to find you =
9. 1. to go as a large, uncontrolled crowd; 2. (bees) to leave a hive in a large
group to look for another home =
10. totally confused, in harried emotional discomfort, unable to choose or act
coherently =
11. to move or turn (something) skilfully and carefully =
12. to move quickly with short steps, especially because you are afraid and dont
want to be noticed =
13. wooden or stone shelf which is the top part of a frame surrounding a
fireplace =
14. to go and get something or somebody and bring them back =
15. slightly =

70
IV. Separate the four groups of synonyms, four words in each:

A) to make it difficult for someone to think clearly about or understand a

complex, puzzling or surprising situation or problem
B) done in concealment, secretly and quickly (perhaps in a dishonest or unfair
way), so as not to be noticed, seen or found out
C) talking a lot, speaking easily, smoothly, but perhaps superficially
D) to make someone very interested and excited, to attract and please someone,
so that they can think of nothing else

1. baffle 5. confound 9. garrulous 13. sneaky

2. bewilder 6. enrapture 10. glib 14. stealthy
3. captivate 7. fascinate 11. loquacious 15. surreptitious
4. charm 8. furtive 12. nonplus 16. voluble

Text 2

I. Give the best suitable forms of the verbs in brackets:

Thomas Hampstead was one of those young members of the higher society
who (1-be) born into a family of respectable position, with an ancient name and
a well-known coat-of-arms which probably (2-date) back to Norman times. At
the age of twenty he (3-go) to Oxford and, with his light-hearted, cheerful and
generous disposition, managed (4-spend) his first year there without (5-acquire)
any considerable knowledge either in sciences or in the matters of law. He
considered himself too delicate for serious study, but not for (6-swim), rowing
or other physical exercise.

71
 During the resplendent spring of his second year, however, this attitude
seemed (7-alter). The unexpected change for the better (8-strike) his affectionate
father as somewhat mysterious, for he (9-get/only) rather poor references about
his younger son before. (10-be) half concerned, half curious, Lord Henry soon
visited Thomas for an interview.
It turned out that the youth (11-come) across a girl among his fellow
students, a young lady who (12-be) both pretty and bright, and displayed a rather
unusual taste in men. Good looks and titles and wealth (13-make) no impression
whatsoever on her, but she (14-require) wit, spirit and education. Young Thomas
(15-fall) in love with her at first sight, but she (16-express) such indignation at
his almost complete ignorance in practically every matter that (17-come up)
during their first conversation that he (18-feel) thoroughly mortified. Moreover,
she (19-make/ also) it clear that she (20-think/ never even) of (21-form) a
lifelong alliance with a man who (22-have) no desire to be a witty companion
and an intellectual match for her besides (23-be) a reliable friend and a faithful
lover and, naturally, a devoted father to their future children.
(24-smile) to himself, Lord Henry silently (25-pray) for this beneficial new
relationship (26-last). Aloud he only remarked with his usual unruffled
composure that the young lady certainly (27-not seem) easy (28-satisfy), but
Thomas was now determined (29-do) anything in the world (30-win) her
recognition and her heart with it, of course.

II. Find in the text synonyms or antonyms for the following words. If you do the
matching correctly, you should have nine pairs of each.

1 to change; 2 completely; 3 dedicated; 4 dull; 5 fragile; 6 gloomy; 7 harmful;

8 to hide; 9 insignificant; 10 loyal; 11 mean; 12 to notice; 13 obscure;
14 to offer; 15 ordinary; 16 poverty; 17 trustworthy; 18 upper classes

72
III. Choose the sentence ending that you consider correct:

1) Thomas Hampstead was a A. faithful lover.

B. diligent student.
C. young aristocrat.
D. devoted father.

2) During his second year at University he A. gave up studying.

B. met the love of his life.
C. swam and rowed a lot.
D. spent the spring with his father.

3) After their first chat, the young lady

A. told him about her notion of the ideal husband.
B. wanted to marry into the high society.
C. changed her opinion about men in general.
D. was eager to meet Thomas again.

4) Lord Henry A. forbade his son to marry beneath him.

B. would have been glad to have such a daughter-in-law.
C. wanted grandchildren as soon as possible.
D. wasnt easy to satisfy.

IV. Find the words in the text to match the definitions:

1. a persons natural qualities of mind and character =

2. to find or meet something or somebody by chance =
3. design used as the symbol of a noble family, a town, a university, etc. =

73
 4. moving a boat through the water (by) using oars =
5. showing serious wish to succeed in something even if it is difficult or
something or somebody is against one =
6. lack of knowledge or information =
7. (looking) rich and colourful, having a brilliant or splendid appearance =
8. strong wish or feeling of wanting something very much =
9. statement describing somebodys character and/or abilities =
10. person with the same strength, skills, capacities =
11. feeling ashamed, humiliated, hurt =
12. to get, obtain or gain by ones own efforts =
13. feeling of shock and anger =
14. considered by society to be good, proper, correct, decent, etc. =
15. very worried or anxious about something or somebody =
16. to make somebody pleased by doing or giving him or her what he or she
expects, wishes, wants, etc. =
17. still, calm, not upset or agitated =
18. 1. not having the correct or desired qualities;
2. mediocre, substandard;
3. unlucky, pitiable; needing or deserving help or sympathy =

Text 3

Vitus Bering (1681-1741) was a Danish explorer who worked for Russia as
a navigator and explorer. Here he had just arrived at a spot where he was going
to build his ship. It was winter and working conditions were very hard.

His gift for improvisation was incredible.

74
 Tar for caulking the ships had been lost somewhere en route, and it was no
use blaming any individual. Somewhere in the six thousand miles from the
capital perhaps on one of the handmade boats plying some unnamed river, or
in the dreadful stretch east of Yakutsk, or during the two great blizzards in the
Kamchatka mountain passes the tar had been lost, and the St Gabriel, as they
decided to call their ship, could not go to sea, for if left uncaulked, the open
seams in her sides would admit enough water to sink her in twenty minutes.
For the better part of a day Bering studied this problem, then gave a simple
order: Cut down those larch trees, and when a huge pile had been assembled,
he had the trees cut into lengths and from their bark he distilled a kind of sticky
substance which, when mixed with a heavy grass, made a passable caulking, and
the shipbuilding proceeded.
However, it was with another invention that he gained popularity with his
men. Telling them: No man should sail a ship that has no spirit for a cold
night, he directed them to collect various grasses, roots and herbs, and when he
had an ample supply he set up a fermentation process which, after many false
starts, finally produced a strong beverage that he designated brandy. More
immediately practical, he set some of his men to boiling seawater to obtain extra
supplies of salt, and he directed others to catch all the fish possible so that an oil
could be made to take the place of butter. Larger fish were salted or smoked to
serve instead of meat, which was not available. In ninety-eight days, this
energetic man built himself a seagoing ship in which to make one of the worlds
premier voyages of exploration, and after only four days rest, he sailed forth.
Then came one of the mysteries of the sea: the daring man who had braved
so much, who had already spent three and a half years in his quest, sailed north
for only thirty-three days, saw another winter approaching, turned about, and
scurried back to his Kamchatka base, arriving there after a total cruise of fifty-
one days out and back, despite the fact that the St Gabriel carried a years
provisions and medical supplies for forty men.

75
I. Find the words in the text to match the definitions:

1. aromatic plant used to improve the taste of food, or to make medicine =

2. 1. a severe snowstorm;
2. a sudden large amount of something unpleasant or annoying that you must
deal with =
3. to move quickly with short steps, especially because you are in a hurry
(synonyms: scamper, skitter, scuttle) =
4. to select or choose someone or something for particular duty, office, job or
purpose =
5. 1. a group of several things of the same type that are put on top of each other;
2. a quantity of objects stacked or thrown together in a heap;
3. a large amount of something arranged in a shape like a small hill =
6. to undergo, face or deal with a difficult, dangerous, frightening or unpleasant
situation courageously (synonyms: endure, defy) =
7. 1. fairly good, but not excellent;
2. a road or river that is not blocked, so you can travel along it or across it
(synonym: navigable) =
8. on the way =
9. any one of various liquids for drinking (hot or cold, non-alcoholic or
alcoholic), usually excluding water =
10. oily or sticky (impermeable) substance used to fill the holes and cracks in a
ship in order to keep water out =
11. 1. the outer covering of a tree;
2. the sharp sound made by a dog =
12. 1. the part of someone that you cannot see, that consists of the qualities that
make up their character, which many people believe continues to live after
the person has died;
2. a supernatural being, as: an angel, a demon, a fairy or a sprite;

76
 3. courage, energy, and determination;
4. a strong alcoholic drink =
13. a long search for something that is difficult to find =
14. a line where two pieces of cloth, leather, wood, metal etc. have been
stitched, fastened or joined together =
15. 1. to practice diligently (e.g. a trade);
2. to travel, sail or go regularly between two places or across a place (of
ships, buses etc.), to shuttle;
3. to continue offering food or drink to somebody =
16. an unsuccessful attempt to begin a process or event =

II. Based on what you read in the text, decide whether the following statements
are true (T) or false (F)?

1. Their journey from the capital had been anything but effortless.
2. Bering had problems with his men.
3. Berings behaviour during the shipbuilding was beyond criticism.
4. Bering immediately solved the problem caused by the lack of tar.
5. Bering was not heedless of his mens needs.
6. Bering already had a recipe to produce drinkable alcohol.
7. On the boat, they would eat fish and meat.
8. They didnt wait long before starting on the cruise once the St Gabriel was
finished.
9. Bering could have sailed for much longer than he actually did.
10. The author approves of Bering returning to his Kamchatka base after fifty-
one days.

77
III. Match the numbered words from the first column with a lettered one from
the second so that you get 8 pairs of synonyms and 8 pairs of antonyms.

1. ample a. additional
2. anonymous b. adhesive
3. to cease c. available
4. daring d. cowardly
5. dreadful e. horrendous
6. energetic f. huge
7. enigma g. to lose
8. extra h. mystery
9. to gain i. plausible
10. incredible j. practical
11. similar k. to proceed
12. sticky l. provisions
13. supplies m. sparse
14. tiny n. unnamed
15. unobtainable o. various
16. useful p. vigorous

78
 8. KEY to I. TENSES and VERB FORMS (p.5)

Text 1 (p.5)
12. to make
1. has just put / is just putting 13. arrived
2. getting 14. was talking
3. have got 15. denied
4. saw 16. showed
5. was coming 17. Glancing
6. tried 18. led
7. tear 19. has been suspended
8. had only spent 20. had I experienced
9. must have seen
10. shouldnt have parked
Text 3 (p.6)

Text 2 (p.5) 1. was walking

2. was being followed
1. noticing 3. had already seen
2. didnt strike 4. to shake
3. wished 5. being shadowed
4. was I surprised 6. went
5. can/ might be held 7. he had been following
6. dawned 8. turned
7. wasnt roaring 9. had ever tried
8. passed 10. have not been
9. hadnt covered 11. spotted
10. was 12. should shave
11. had never heard

79
Text 4 (p.6) Text 5 (p.7)

1. had just turned in 1. bent

/ was just turning in 2. waiting
2. rang 3. had already died
3. living 4. meant
4. must have 5. choking
5. knew 6. had been crying
6. had never heard 7. had taken
7. had sometimes seen 8. would certainly cause
8. talk / talking 9. knew
9. sounded 10. to admit
10. repeating 11. had put
11. to make 12. could not leave
12. to pull 13. lying
13. had been listening 14. had somehow met
14. understood 15. to tell
15. could make out 16. to cover up
16. had had 17. pointing
17. might be / was 18. would not let
18. had 19. touch
19. had been snowing 20. burst
20. did not know
21. had been driving
22. should have been
23. found
24. could already make out
25. looming

80
Text 6 (p.7) Text 7 (p.8)

1. is singing 1. had closed

2. always feels 2. got
3. slamming 3. had been listening
4. dropping 4. wondered
5. playing 5. was leaving
6. has been trying 6. were/ had been
7. getting 7. kept
8. came 8. had stepped
9. started 9. to reproach
10. likes 10. was lying
11. had been promised 11. had told
12. enlisted 12. had gone
13. opens 13. might resemble
14. Have you ever asked 14. have always enjoyed
15. have mentioned 15. frightened
16. bring 16. might be
17. said 17. knew
18. never made / makes 18. had ever been
19. believed / believes 19. would have pleased
20. sounded 20. tell
21. loved
22. could hear
23. going
24. was left
25. fell

81
Text 8 (p.8) 27. were
28. asked
1. was thinking 29. havent been able
2. buying 30. wanting
3. wanted
4. decided
5. was driving Text 9 (p.9)
6. laying
7. heard 1. fought
8. were hoping 2. wrote
9. had spent 3. has also been turned
10. had also bought 4. had shown
11. knew 5. left
12. didnt mention 6. had already dwindled
13. couldnt bring 7. was nearing
14. had begun 8. have made / have been making
15. rang 9. would amaze
16. went 10. was murdered
17. stood 11. had become
18. couldnt believe 12. are becoming
19. cant be 13. to protect
20. is having dinner 14. has died / died
21. must have come 15. being caught
22. stared 16. was set / had been set
23. to have recovered 17. is
24. am having 18. decided
25. could have died 19. inhabited
26. didnt you tell 20. attracting

82
Text 10 (p.10) 26. noticed
27. had been standing
1. looked 28. was telling
2. must have been 29. wondered
3. caught 30. would ever see
4. Have you been listening
5. going Text 11 (p.10)
6. wondering
7. might/ could have heard 1. had barely been avoided
8. he was doing 2. had been driving
9. had dropped 3. to take
10. was looking 4. could see / saw
11. have never listened 5. might/ could have been
/ (would) never listen 6. should have
12. have never been insulted 7. had been done
13. sounded 8. to say
14. didnt/ couldnt see 9. had already seen
15. picked 10. to poke
16. Did you drop 11. had
17. Were you taking 12. to be punished
18. had already opened 13. had even taken
19. were written / had been written 14. always passed
20. turned 15. reported
21. pulled 16. showed
22. ran 17. asking
23. recovered 18. to go
24. had already disappeared 19. had been committed
25. moved 20. arrest

83
21. coming 15. gave
22. to engage 16. devoted
23. knowing 17. was soon making
24. had come 18. spread
25. have received / received 19. have been perfected
26. took / had taken 20. have not been
27. to have been involved 21. produce
28. to get 22. sells / is selling
29. had filled 23. still heads
30. have heard 24. have also built
25. has introduced

Text 12 (p.11)
Text 13 (p.12)
1. have been making
2. have already earned 1. lying
3. founded 2. was found
4. had first started 3. were called
5. having learnt 4. had already recovered
6. went 5. was still feeling
7. borrowed 6. have been working
8. also gave 7. have heard
9. making 8. have seen
10. had left 9. understand
11. found 10. are having
12. were selling / sold 11. to kill
13. had repaid 12. had been locked
14. had made 13. were found

84
14. leading 13. became
15. was shared 14. lived
16. could easily have climbed 15. was
17. had been hit 16. was watching
18. must have had 17. heard
19. thought 18. had told
20. were still standing 19. sent
21. belonged 20. gave
22. had been wiped 21. to look
23. had been/was written 22. shook
24. read 23. left
25. had obviously been 24. was arrested
25. had been

Text 14 (p.13)
Text 15 (p.14)
1. had been
2. to leave 1. arrived
3. were discovered 2. would say
4. had been left 3. gets
5. was also checked 4. had heard
6. didnt know 5. (had) offered
7. only moved 6. works
8. were shown 7. has been running
9. couldnt be expected 8. to get
10. had been seen 9. lives
11. had been working 10. has been working
12. having received 11. puts

85
12. asking 5. had not bothered
13. are 6. was wearing
14. has already studied 7. did you get/ have you got
15. has been learning 8. have you been doing
16. will soon have 9. preparing/ (being) prepared
17. has learnt 10. had always enjoyed
18. is expecting 11. would listen
19. can hardly wait 12. to talk
20. catches 13. have earned
21. to join 14. have always been
22. didnt do/ werent doing 15. to dress
23. started 16. got
24. learning 17. were making
25. had been set 18. joined
26. didnt mind 19. had fallen
27. is hoping 20. look / looked
28. ask 21. was asked
29. will/ can start 22. had practised
30. would be / are interested 23. imitated / could imitate
24. were shooting
25. mistook
Text 16 (p.15) 26. convincing
27. had you ever acted
1. had not seen 28. found
2. turned 29. thought
3. had spent 30. has never been known
4. knew

86
Text 17 (p.16) 25. mumbled
26. could/ might have been
1. wearing 27. had met
2. can tell / was told / have been told 28. was placed
3. had seen 29. to have known
4. were waiting 30. had obviously played
5. to talk
6. had come
7. was practically running Text 18 (p.17)
8. was taking
9. have travelled 1. had been snowing
/ have been travelling 2. was covered
10. laughed 3. were sitting
11. to laugh 4. had come
12. had been planning 5. cant get / havent got
13. was enjoying 6. calling
14. could be seen 7. to be called
15. spoke 8. had changed
16. had been 9. to have forgotten
17. had been working 10. had already returned
18. had broken 11. had sent
19. had been kept 12. saying
20. spoke / was speaking 13. would be
21. complained / was complaining / 14. passed
could/would complain 15. would make
22. was gathering 16. was still trying
23. have had 17. seeing
24. occurred 18. had looked

87
19. have always worried 3. was staying
20. will get 4. had turned
21. have had 5. had had
22. had gone 6. caught
23. was supposed 7. was feeling
24. looking 8. was coughing
25. was now thinking 9. decided
26. had worried 10. could not remember
27. to protect 11. looked
28. was 12. found
29. said 13. did not tell
30. needed 14. had not brought
31. might have been 15. remembered
32. had 16. had learned
33. cant believe 17. concluded
34. have changed 18. entered
35. had got 19. said
36. had also tried 20. had misunderstood
37. had been going on 21. asked
38. could only hope 22. repeated
39. hadnt been 23. replied
40. wouldnt have 24. Are you
25. answered
26. makes
Text 19 (p.18) 27. come
28. added
1. had learned 29. began
2. had half forgotten 30. was dealing

88
31. wondered 16. means
32. should call 17. (has) happened
33. asked 18. Do not even ask
34. cried 19. left
35. have 20. started
36. understood 21. had not got
37. gave 22. drew
38. had been asking 23. to wait
24. lifted
25. have spent
Text 20 (p.19) 26. feel / am feeling
27. looked
1. have been living 28. have often heard / often hear
2. do not know 29. (would) never go
3. went 30. have had
4. was growing
5. soon lost
6. had wandered Text 21 (p.19)
/ had been wondering
7. saw 1. stood / was standing
8. to go 2. watched / was watching
9. to find 3. was bringing
10. had also given 4. had seen
11. chatted 5. returned
12. to leave 6. to wait
13. came 7. had got
14. had become 8. saying
15. had (been) stopped 9. had fallen

89
10. had to 4. burning
11. to go 5. to break
12. was 6. was doing
13. had been 7. had left
14. had stayed 8. to wonder / wondering
15. spending 9. had locked
16. to get 10. made
17. having finished 11. went
18. came 12. became
19. made 13. had found
20. have been / was 14. usually grazed
21. set / were setting / was usually grazing
22. has been extended 15. made
23. staying 16. was lying
24. have taken 17. arrived
25. would approve 18. went
26. were 19. was trying
27. could have stayed 20. rose
28. would/ could survive 21. to chase / chasing
29. left 22. was carrying
30. to cook 23. had been raining
24. threw
25. ran
Text 22 (p.20) 26. to examine
27. had probably never seen
1. had never woken 28. was doing
2. usually cut 29. climbed
3. was shaving 30. to escape

90
 9. KEY to II. WORD FORMATION

Set 1 (p.22) Set 2 (p.22)

1. practically 1. marvellous
2. mournfully 2. resignation
3. various 3. improvement
4. enable 4. encouraging
5. unfortunately 5. apparently
6. painless 6. therapeutic
7. splitting 7. shortage
8. surroundings 8. rebellious
9. establish 9. definitely
10. irreplaceable 10. affectionate

Set 3 (p.23) Set 4 (p.24)

1. speech 1. heartily
2. hysterically 2. substantially
3. formalities 3. conscientious
4. marriage 4. omission
5. luckily 5. accountant
6. irresponsibility 6. succession
7. immigrants 7. eccentric
8. desperately 8. entrust
9. insignificant 9. creations
10. threateningly 10. imaginative

91
Set 5 (p.24) Set 6 (p.25)

1. repeatedly 1. unexpectedly
2. consequences 2. farther / further
3. suspicions 3. unsurprisingly
4. misleading 4. resistance
5. unforeseen 5. liar
6. composure 6. unruffled
7. acknowledged 7. alliance
8. discouraged 8. beneficial
9. themselves 9. disreputable
10. unpredictability 10. companion

Set 7 (p.25) Set 8 (p.26)

1. unsuccessfully 1. unscrupulously
2. inconsequential 2. discovered
3. unwillingly 3. remarkable
4. slippery 4. outstanding
5. disastrous 5. useless
6. unforgettable 6. uncontrollably
7. impressive 7. disposition
8. maddening 8. playful
9. resourceful 9. ignorance
10. illegally 10. implications

92
Set 9 (p.27) Set 10 (p.27)

1. incomprehension 1. disobedient
2. misunderstanding 2. typical
3. vaporous 3. perilously
4. meaningful 4. refreshments
5. uninhabited 5. unpleasant
6. infamous 6. periodically
7. innumerable 7. enviable
8. assimilated 8. wilful
9. expectantly 9. expressionless
10. disappointed 10. indecisive

Set 11 (p.28) Set 12 (p.28)

1. consistency 1. investment
2. skilfully 2. impurities
3. inflammable 3. impressionable
4. procedure 4. tirelessly
5. insubstantial 5. discomfort
6. wintry 6. recovery
7. consumption 7. inconclusive
8. drunkard 8. sluggish
9. seemingly 9. undesirable
10. disagreeable 10. dutifully

93
Set 13 (p.29) Set 14 (p.30)

1. adversity 1. authorities
2. insufficient 2. unprecedented
3. noticeable 3. picturesque
4. displeasure 4. intimidating
5. beautifiers 5. distasteful
6. ironically 6. uselessness
7. regrettable 7. prevention
8. inventiveness 8. insurance
9. disbelief 9. passengers
10. dramatically 10. unsuspecting

Set 15 (p.30) Set 16 (p.31)

1. enraptured 1. distinguish
2. indifference 2. unmistakable
3. questionnaires 3. ineffectiveness
4. dissatisfied 4. coincidence
5. misbehaviour 5. sobriety
6. inexcusable 6. untruthful
7. unreasonable 7. exploration
8. impartiality 8. scenery
9. uneventfully 9. impoverished
10. recreational 10. pressure

94
 10. KEY to III. ERROR CORRECTION (p.32)

Text 1 (p.32) Text 2 (p.33) Text 3 (p.34)

1. have 1. only 1. out

2. time 2. then 2. with
3. there 3. 3. do
4. that 4. been 4.
5. of 5. 5. in
6. 6. up 6. but
7. like 7. both 7.
8. 8. 8. of
9. us 9. 9. or
10. that 10. had 10. are
11. to 11. as 11.
12. both 12. being 12. the
13. 13. 13. such
14. the 14. out 14.
15. 15. kind
16. of 16. be
17. itself
18. therefore
19.

95
Text 4 (p.35) Text 5 (p.36)

1. friend 1. textiles
2. 2. sails
3. disguised 3.
4. 4. South
5. Their 5.
6. factors 6. steel
7. desirable. Heinz 7. campaign
8. another 8. disassemble, record
9. ketchup, 9.
10. 10. ambitious
11. huge 11. visitors
12. business 12. through
13. 13. conserved, said
14. its 14.
15. through 15. than
16. tradesmens 16. its

96
 11. KEY to IV. FILL IN (p.37)

I.

Text 1 (p.37) Text 2 (p.38)

1. A) has 1. B) which
2. C) such 2. C) at
3. B) The 3. D) had
4. A) also 4. A) of
5. B) adults 5. D) was
6. A) born 6. A) as
7. D) grew 7. B) for
8. B) was 8. B) without
9. C) to 9. A) later
10. C) took 10. B) wear
11. B) which 11. D) along
12. A) and 12. D) On
13. D) of 13. C) told
14. D) his 14. A) last
15. C) from 15. B) only
16. A) a 16. A) gave
17. B) in 17. C) who
18. A) as 18. C) if
19. C) There 19. D) another
20. B) had 20. C) been

97
Text 3 (p.40) Text 4 (p.41)

1. A) remained 1. B) is
2. D) expanse 2. A) all
3. A) connected 3. C) any
4. B) on 4. B) be
5. D) nourished 5. D) however
6. C) assimilate 6. B) to
7. D) provided 7. A) certain
8. C) who 8. A) others
9. A) suspended 9. B) which
10. C) perspective 10. D) you
11. D) gazing 11. B) with
12. A) familiar 12. C) such
13. C) devised 13. C) or
14. A) plane 14. D) but
15. C) entire 15. C) so
16. A) pioneered 16. A) even
17. C) such 17. C) for
18. D) bear 18. C) amount
19. B) common 19. B) how
20. D) altered 20. D) without

98
Text 5 (p.43) Text 6 (p.44)

1. A) early 1. D) thanks
2. D) deprived 2. B) find
3. D) under 3. C) looks
4. A) drawn 4. A) fact
5. C) and 5. D) than
6. C) of 6. A) addition
7. C) on 7. C) bigger
8. B) it 8. D) whether
9. C) For 9. B) far
10. B) could 10. A) means
11. B) or 11. D) tell
12.B) Just 12. C) dishonest
13. D) were 13. B) home
14. C) Among 14. A) on
15. B) into 15. A) before
16. A) most 16. B) available
17. C) responsible 17. D) one
18. C) made 18. C) last
19. B) been 19. C) delay
20. C) like 20. D) without

99
Text 7 (p.46) II

1. C) past Text 1 (p.48)

2. A) the 1. J
3. C) into 2. C
4. C) of 3. F
5. D) only 4. E
6. A) What 5. B
7. B) hardly 6. H
8. D) one 7. I
9. D) with
10. B) been
11. C) However Text 2 (p.49)
12. B) this
13. A) now 1. K
14. A) at 2. L
15. D) were 3. H
16. B) which 4. B
17. D) packed 5. E
18. C) also 6. A
19. C) so 7. D
20. A) not 8. I
9. G

100
 12. KEY to V. REPHRASE

I. (p.51)

1. Sitting at a desk is the only way I can study properly.

2. Jennifer wished she hadnt made that silly remark.
3. He is said to have escaped to a neutral country.
4. Had they not got different presents, the quarrel wouldnt have broken out.
5. The boss has had his car stolen / has been robbed of his car.
6. Although we had done our best, we failed.
7. We spent the whole weekend working in the garden.
8. They couldnt / cant have been gathering wood for the fire.
9. If Leo hadnt eaten polluted shellfish, he wouldnt feel sick.
10. Do I really have to arrive so early?
11. Having finished her tour, she was invited to dinner.
12. Only when/ after their home had been bombed did they seek refuge abroad.
13. He is used / accustomed to sleeping in a tent.
14. Her ghost is believed to have been haunting the cottage.
15. The stronger the light (gradually) grew, the safer it felt to walk on the path.
16. She cant / couldnt have been advertising cosmetics.
17. Nowhere else can such intricate ironwork be seen.
18. He denied that he had trodden on the grass in the garden
having trodden on the grass in the garden the previous day
/ the day before.
19. Several blue threads were being woven into the pattern.
20. The police have gathered more evidence lately.
21. I wish I had warned you about his allergy.
22. The boy is carrying the chairs into the garden.
23. They cant have been listening to the radio, its broken.

101
24. He wondered why lightning always struck tall buildings.
25. He neednt have torn up the letters.
26. But for your stupidity, we wouldnt always get into embarrassing situations.
27. Hes been growing these flowers for many years.
28. She accused him that he had spent the weekend with his secretary.
of having spent the weekend with his secretary.
29. If they hadnt reached the oasis they would have died of thirst.
30. He reminded me to turn off the heating.
31. But for the huge waves, he could have swum ashore.
32. Had you not dropped your match, the dry grass wouldnt have caught fire.
33. Fred denied that he had left the window open / the previous day.
having left the window open / the day before.
34. The thunder might have scared the horses.
35. He asked me if / whether my mother always lay down after lunch.
36. They wondered why the cover always fell off.
37. You neednt have stuck a note to my windscreen.
38. Had the wind not been blowing, we could have seen butterflies.
39. He reminded me / us / to bring the photos the next / following day.
40. What message was being written (by him) on that old envelope?
41. Were his condition to get worse, he must come back.
42. The fire must have been started deliberately.
43. She asked him how many fish he had caught there the previous year
/ the year before.
44. Shes been designing evening dresses for several years.
45. If the police hadnt discovered the hidden gun, they wouldnt be after me.
46. They cant / couldnt have been sleeping in that noise.
47. They denied that they had bound the prisoners hands with rope.
having bound the prisoners hands with rope.
48. You should have taken your friends to tea.

102
49. In vain does he work (as) hard (as he may), he cant keep up with his
neighbours.
50. You neednt have carried two pullovers.
51. If you had brought some cushions, they wouldnt be sitting (so)
uncomfortably / they would be sitting more comfortably.
52. He asked me where my sister usually bought her shoes.
53. But for the strong walls, they would have taken the city.
54. Not until they had presented their badges did she let them.
55. The cave was believed to be guarded by a giant.
56. She must have been improvising the whole story.
57. You must have your bad tooth extracted (by the dentist).
58. If only I had lain down as the doctor said.
59. Should he decide to leave earlier, please let me know.
60. I wish I had not given them my private phone number.
61. Had the dog not started barking, they wouldnt have noticed the thieves.
62. You had better give up on that crazy plan.
63. They couldnt / cant have worn boots in such warm weather.
64. She accused him that he had drawn her a confusing map on purpose.
of having drawn her a confusing map on purpose.
65. But for the pressure outside, the water wouldnt have risen so quickly.
66. She must have been daydreaming all through the meeting.
67. They neednt have torn down the old shed.
68. Despite the unbearable heat, he was wearing a dinner-jacket.
69. Common people are not invited to participate.
70. I didnt expect my friends to throw a party for my birthday.
that my friends would throw a party for my birthday.
71. In vain did he ring the bell several times, nobody answered the door.
72. They will have their instructions typed out by the secretary.
73. If only I hadnt turned off the central heating so soon.

103
74. You had better keep your dog on a leash in the city.
75. Not until he went into the bathroom did he notice the bloodstains.
76. In vain did sweep the path regularly, he couldnt keep it clean.
77. Unless she heats the water first, she can not wash her hair.
78. Had she not inherited a small fortune, she wouldnt be travelling now.
79. He wanted to know what she usually carried in her bag.
80. The water is thought to have been polluted by the mines.
81. Not until he had passed five tests did they employ him.
82. Since they diagnosed his illness he has been drinking this tea.
83. No sooner had the car started than she felt sick.
84. If you had put on comfortable shoes, your feet wouldnt be aching.
85. How kind of you to have baked my favourite cake!
86. It was such bad weather that we couldnt go for a walk.
87. That tree immediately reminded me of my childhood.
88. There is hardly / scarcely any milk left in this bottle.
89. She neednt have worried so much about the exam, it all went well.
90. You need to have your tent mended before you go on the trip.
91. It sometimes takes actors hours to put on their make-up. / It sometimes takes
hours for actors to put on their make-up
92. She cant get used / accustomed to working such long hours regularly.
93. Being such an unreliable person, he is never shown confidential plans.
94. You should have lain down after the treatment.
95. But for her white dress / the white dress she was wearing, they wouldnt
have noticed her in the dark.
96. If it werent for the wet grass, they could play in the garden.
97. He couldnt / cant have been working in his office at the time.
98. If you replied to my questions, I would know whats going on.
99. We neednt have described the scenery in detail.
100. If only I had struck him across the face then and there.

104
101. He accused her that she was trying to undermine his authority.
of trying to undermine his authority.
102. But for their different hairstyle, I couldnt tell the twins apart.
103. The kid denied that he had stuck out his tongue at her / the previous day.
having stuck out his tongue at her / the day before.
104. Grandpa cant have shot that tiger; hes never been to India.
105. They neednt have dug such a deep hole.
106. She wondered why the tip always broke off so easily.
107. She accused him that he was marrying her daughter only for her money.
of marrying her daughter only for her money.
108. If you hadnt stuffed this sack so full, we could get a good hold on it.
109. He must have fallen from grace because of the scandal.
110. They shouldnt have tied the two cars together.
111. Never had anyone climbed this part of the mountainside before.
/ Never had this part of the mountainside been climbed before.
/ Never before had this part of the mountainside been climbed.
112. They neednt have drawn so much water from the well.
113. The tunnel must have caved in because of the explosion.
114. The kid denied that he had eaten all the chocolate himself.
having eaten all the chocolate himself.
115. They couldnt / cant have been waiting at the established place.
116. If it werent for the muddy earth, he could dig a vegetable patch.
117. We didnt expect so many guests to come.
118. They couldnt / cant have been looking for mushrooms in that darkness.
119. Being so averse to gossip, she is often entrusted with secrets.
120. Despite his previous deceptions, she forgave him again.
having deceived her previously, she forgave him again.
121. She cant have been carrying all the luggage herself.
122. Only when he had made sure the air was clean did he strike a match.

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123. She prefers beginning at dawn to staying up at night.
124. Never had anyone sailed these dangerous waters before. / Never had these
dangerous waters been sailed (by anyone) before.
125. Had the notice not been written in Chinese, I could have read it.

II. (p.57)

1. Take an umbrella with you in CASE it rains / it should rain this afternoon.
2. We neednt HAVE made so many decorations for the party.
3. I have NEVER swum in this river before.
4. He would RATHER (that) the kids did not accept anything from her.
5. He hasnt drawn a portrait FOR ten years.
6. I remembered to take EVERYTHING except / but the bottle-opener.
7. By the TIME the firemen arrive the building will have burnt down.
8. The leaves had hardly/ scarcely/ barely grown out WHEN they dried. /
Hardly/ Scarcely/ Barely had the leaves grown out WHEN they dried.
9. I would rather you DID not show him the family album on his first visit.
10. He had no sooner hidden THAN he felt something crawling on his back.
/ No sooner had he hidden THAN he felt something crawling on his back.
11. The children didnt accept the new system and neither/ nor DID the teachers.
12. This dog is not ONLY dedicated to its master, (but) it is also a fast learner.
/ Not ONLY is this dog dedicated to its master, (but) it is also a fast learner.
13. Its (been) five years SINCE they last flew by plane.
14. By the TIME the police identify the thief, he will have sold my car.
15. They were on the point / verge OF announcing the police when the ring
turned up.
16. She WONDERED where he had been living two years before / previously.

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17. I had NEVER fallen from the new ladder before. /
NEVER had I fallen from the new ladder before. /
NEVER before had I fallen from the new ladder.
18. I have baked a cake in CASE the children (should) want to have tea.
19. We could go into the restaurant IF you hadnt torn your trousers.
20. The ONLY detail (that) he couldnt remember was the colour of her eyes.
/ The colour of her eyes was the ONLY detail (that) he couldnt remember.
21. Why were the dogs being TRAINED in the park?
22. Those animals have NEVER been seen at daylight. /
NEVER have those animals been seen at daylight. /
NEVER has anybody seen those animals at daylight.
23. He would RATHER lie in the sun than play volley-ball.
24. Who was the garden fence painted BY?
25. I would rather / sooner the children DID not leave the yard.
26. Who was this picture of the old house drawn BY?
27. If ONLY my son had taken after his grandfather!
28. They ACCUSED him that he had tried to mislead the inspector.
of having tried to mislead the inspector.
29. If it hadnt been FOR / But FOR the sharp rocks, we could have lain / could
have been lying comfortably.
30. He would RATHER act on stage than play in films.
31. The dog will keep barking UNLESS you feed him.
32. As / So long AS you dont take your mask off, they will not recognise you.
33. They have been exploring this area FOR two years.
34. He had no sooner torn the wires THAN the alarm went off. /
No sooner had he torn the wires THAN the alarm went off.
35. By the TIME the hunting party gathers / has gathered, the tiger will have
vanished.
36. The smaller the amount, the LESS visible the effect.

107
37. In SPITE of the darkness, he managed to find his way.
38. That was the first time they had EVER flown on the new aeroplane.
39. You can not enter the system UNLESS you know the password.
40. If it werent FOR the weeds, the garden would look nice.
/ But FOR the weeds, the garden would look nice.
41. She would RATHER (that) we swept the office after closing time.
42. He had no sooner stepped into the bath THAN he lost his balance. /
No sooner had he stepped into the bath THAN he lost his balance
43. He has been preparing the experiment FOR five months.
44. As / So long AS you come up with fresh gossip, the guests will not get
bored.
45. He WONDERED why the / that window never closed properly.
46. Was the guard bound up BY the burglars?
47. This part of the lake has NEVER been explored by anybody. /
NEVER has anybody explored this part of the lake. /
NEVER has this part of the lake been explored by anybody.
48. She would rather / sooner (that) we SPENT the holidays with friends.
49. She hasnt sold a painting SINCE 2005.
50. You can not get to the island UNLESS you hire a boat.
51. If it werent FOR / But FOR that tight dress, she could run faster.
52. She has been learning that poem SINCE she finished her essay.
53. He had no sooner touched the doorknob / No sooner had he touched the
doorknob THAN the door sprang.
54. The kids wouldnt be restless IF you had stopped for lunch.
55. His ancestors are believed TO have come with William of Normandy.
56. Im not in the MOOD for re-organising the department again so soon.
57. She will not sue for a divorce as / so long AS if you keep sending the money.
58. The MORE interesting the pictures (are), the less attention they (will) pay to
the text.

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59. I would RATHER he did not play his trumpet so late at night.
60. You will not get a bonus UNLESS you agree to work overtime.
61. Difficult AS this test may seem, its worth the trouble. / Seem AS difficult as
it may, this test is worth the trouble.
62. Theres / Its NO use trying to shut that door, / Its no good trying to shut
that door, / Theres NO sense / point / purpose in trying to shut that door,
the handle is broken.
63. I have NEVER heard such a hare-brained scheme before. /
NEVER have I heard such a hare-brained scheme before. /
NEVER before have I heard such a hare-brained scheme.
64. After they had been searching / After having searched FOR many weeks,
they found the missing child.
65. TRY as (hard as) he might / in vain did he TRY (as hard as he might), he
couldnt persuade the committee.
66. The ONLY thing (that) you must not forget is your passport.
67. My brother wanted to become a pilot, and so DID his friend.
68. That young boy GAVE us the impression of being a talented singer.
69. Not UNTIL she had asked for directions did she find the house.
70. In SPITE of the scarcity of sunshine last spring, the flowers grew well.
71. We were just on the point / verge of RETURNING when we saw the light.
72. What kind of steps would you take, if a fire WERE to break out? /
WERE a fire to break out, what kind of steps would you take?
73. He must have got his trousers MENDED by someone.
74. I have NEVER fried this kind of fish before.
75. But FOR the rising mist, we could see the valley.
76. I cant be bothered to LISTEN to his bragging all the way.
77. As / So long they dont start babbling in the pub, no one will suspect a thing.
78. The wind wouldnt be blowing through IF you had mended the roof.
79. In SPITE of his embarrassment, he answered the question.

109
80. They would RATHER (that) their guests ate in the restaurant.
81. If it hadnt been FOR / But FOR your awful spelling, they wouldnt have
misunderstood the message.
82. No sooner had he lain down to sleep THAN he felt rain dripping on his head.
83. Im not in the MOOD for gathering the fallen leaves in this weather.
84. I havent trodden barefoot on such soft grass FOR ages.
85. If we WERE to go near her puppies, the dog would bite us. /
WERE we to go near her puppies, the dog would bite us.
86. This horse will stay calm as / so long AS you dont force it to jump over
fences.
87. DESPITE the obnoxious smell, she kept the windows shut.
88. IF only I had flown with the other air-travel company!
89. He doesnt feel LIKE reading all those books for an exam.
90. Where would you take shelter if a hurricane WERE to approach? /
WERE a hurricane to approach, where would you take shelter?
91. I have NEVER wound such an old clock before.
92. But FOR the dim light, I wouldnt have mistaken you for your cousin.
93. She would SOONER pay double the price than queue for hours.
94. They could have broken down the door, IF it hadnt been made of steel.
95. If it hadnt been FOR / But FOR your intimidating attitude, she would
/ might have told us the truth.
96. That environment is TOO polluted for these plants to grow well.
97. I have NEVER woven this kind of pattern before. /
NEVER have I woven this kind of pattern before. /
NEVER before have I woven this kind of pattern.
98. Harsh AS conditions are / may be, children enjoy these trips. /
Be conditions AS harsh AS they may, children enjoy these trips.
99. Gangs cant be stopped UNLESS all the authorities join forces.
100. My mother loves doing huge jigsaw puzzles and so DOES my aunt.

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 13. KEY to VI. MULTIPLE CHOICE (p.60)
I. (p.60) II. (p.63) 1. B.
1. C. were to 2. D.
2. B. illegally 3. C.
3. B. had better not 4. B.
4. D. we had been 5. A.
5. D. slippery 6. D.
6. A. than pick 7. C.
7. A. sneezing 8. A.
8. D. had been running 9. D.
9. A. jealous 10. C.
10. C. dont feel like 11. A.
11. C. Had she not 12. A.
12. A. sent was 13. A.
13. C. suspicious 14. B.
14. B. Should 15. A.
15. D. entrusted 16. B.
16. A. passed hadnt found 17. A.
17. D. advantage 18. C.
18. B. did he turn 19. A.
19. A. of having 20. C.
20. A. left 21. C.
21. A. averse 22. D.
22. B. to arrive 23. B.
23. D. wouldnt tell 24. A.
24. C. tell 25. A.
25. C. could climb 26. B.
27. D.

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 14. KEY to EXERCISES BASED on TEXTS (p.67)

Text 1 (p.67)

I. (p.68)
1) C 4) A
2) D 5) D
3) D 6) B

II. (p.69) III. (p.70)

1. to peer
1. aware oblivious 2. flick
2. bedlam = pandemonium 3. to gasp
3. to dally = to dawdle 4. doom
4. disgusted enraptured 5. to hoist
5. to fling = to hurl 6. (to) fawn
6. to gather to scatter 7. to cling (on)
7. immediately = promptly 8. to go to ground
8. imminent = impending 9. to swarm
9. openly surreptitiously 10. bewildered
10. to parch to drench 11. to manoeuvre
11. tranquil enraged 12. to scuttle
12. tremble = to quiver 13. mantelpiece
13. volubly = glibly 14. to fetch
14. whisper roar 15. a trifle

112
IV. (p.71)

A) 1, 2, 5, 12
B) 8, 13, 14, 15
C) 9, 10, 11, 16
D) 3, 4, 6, 7

Text 2 (p.71)

I. (p.71)

1 - was 16 - had expressed

2 - dated 17 - had come up
3 - went 18 - had felt
4 - to spend 19 - had also made
5 - acquiring 20 - would never even think
6 - swimming 21 - forming
7 - to alter / to be altering 22 - had
8 - struck 23 - being
9 - had only got 24 - smiling
10 - being 25 - prayed
11 - had come 26 - to last
12 - was 27 - did not seem
13 - made 28 - to satisfy
14 - required 29 - to do
15 - had fallen 30 - to win

113
II. (p.72)

1) to change = to alter 10) loyal = faithful

2) completely = thoroughly
3) dedicated = devoted
4) dull bright
5) fragile = delicate
6) gloomy cheerful
7) harmful beneficial
8) to hide to display
9) insignificant considerable
11) mean generous
12) to notice = to remark
13) obscure = mysterious
14) to offer to require
15) ordinary unusual
16) poverty wealth
17) trustworthy = loyal
18) upper classes = higher society

III. (p.73) 1) C 3) A
2) B 4) B

IV. Find the words in the text to match the definitions (p.73):

1. disposition 10. match

2. come across 11. mortified
3. coat-of-arms 12. to acquire
4. rowing 13. indignation
5. determined 14. respectable
6. ignorance 15. concerned
7. resplendent 16. to satisfy
8. desire 17. unruffled
9. references 18. poor

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Text 3 (p.74)

I. (p.76)

1. herb 9. beverage
2. blizzard 10. caulking
3. to scurry 11. bark
4. to designate 12. spirit
5. pile 13. quest
6. to brave 14. seam
7. passable 15. to ply
8. en route 16. false start

II. (p.77) 1. T 3. T 5. T 7. F 9. T
2. F 4. F 6. F 8. T 10. F

III. (p.78)

1. ample m. sparse 9. to gain g. to lose

2. anonymous = n. unnamed
3. to cease k. to proceed
4. daring d. cowardly
5. dreadful = e. horrendous
6. energetic = p. vigorous
7. enigma = h. mystery
8. extra = a. additional
10. incredible i. plausible
11. similar o. various
12. sticky = b. adhesive
13. supplies = l. provisions
14. tiny f. huge
15. unobtainable c. available
16. useful = j. practical

115
116
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

EXERCISE & GRAMMAR BOOKS

Alexander, L.G.: Longman English Grammar

Budai, L.: Gramatica englez (Teorie i exerciii)
Chioran, D./ Panovf, I./ Poenaru, I.: English Grammar Exercises
Cobb, T./ Gardiner, R.: Todays English Grammar
Cobuild Students Grammar
English Grammar Exercises (Macmillan)
Fowler, W.S.: Nelson English Language Tests (Intermediate and Advanced)
Hewings, M.: Advanced Grammar in Use
Hulban, H.: Competen i performan. Exerciii i teste
Iacu, T.: Curs practic de limba englez
Iacu, T.: A Short Gr. for Upper-Intermediate and Advanced Students
Iacu, T./ tefanovici, A.: The Verb: Book of Exercises
Ilovici, E./ Chioran, M./ Coifu, M.: A Practical Guide to E. Gr. (Ex. de gram.)
Magyarics / Medgyes: Teste de englez pentru nivel mediu i avansat
Murphy, R.: English Grammar in Use (intermediate)
Paidos, C.: English Grammar (Theory and Practice)
tefanovici, A. /Iacu, T.: Grammar Exercises
Thomson, A. J./ Martinet, A. V.: A Practical English Grammar (1-2)
Timr, E.: Limba englez n teste i exerciii
Vianu, L.: Engleza cu cheie
Walker, E./ Elsworth, S.: Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students

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ADVANCED PRACTICE

Alexander, L.G.: Longman Advanced Grammar (Preference and Practice)

Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English
Cambridge Proficiency Examination Practice adv
Chilrescu, M./ Paidos, C.: Proficiency in English
Evans, V.: CPE Use of English int-adv
Galea, I./ Stanciu, V.: English with Tears
Graver, B.D.: Advanced English Practice adv
Gude, K./ Duckworth, M.: Proficiency Masterclass Workbook
Haines, S./ Stewart, B.: New First Certificate Masterclass Workbook
Harrison, M.: Proficiency Testbuilder adv
May, P.: The Complete Proficiency Practice Tests adv
Vince, M.: Advanced Language Practice

REFERENCE BOOKS

Broughton, G.: The Penguin English Grammar A-Z for Advanced Students
Butler, E./ Hickman, M.A./ Overby, L.: Correct Writing
Collins-Cobuild English Usage
Fitikides, T. J.: Common Mistakes in English
Heaton, T. J.: Longman Dictionary of Common Errors
Leech, G.: An A-Z of English Grammar and Usage
Payne, J.: Spelling
Swan, M.: Practical English Usage

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