Timpurile verbelor in engleza

Pentru verbul in engleza timpurile difera fundamental fata de cele ale limbii romane.
De aceea nu trebuie cautate in permanenta echivalente exacte intre cele doua limbi.

Asa cum ne asteptam exista 3 timpuri de desfasurare a unei actiuni:

prezent(present), trecut(past) si viitor(future).
Verbul la aceste timpuri il voi numi deocamdata simplu. Mai jos se observa ca la
randul lor aceste timpuri ale verbului in engleza (tenses) pot fi: simple, continue,
perfecte sau continuu perfecte.

Explicatii generale pentru timpurile verbului in engleza

 Timp simplu - verbul reprezinta o actiune prezenta, trecuta sau viitoare

nelimitata in timp.
 Timp continuu - verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat
prezent, trecut sau viitor care in momentul acela se petrece simultan cu o alta
actiune.
 Timp perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment
dat prezent, trecut sau viitor
 Timp continuu perfect - verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment
dat prezent, trecut sau viitor si continuind sau nu in acel moment

In limba engleza nu exista conjugari ca in limbile latine (romana, franceza etc)

Verbul in engleza este fie regulat fie neregulat.

Pentru ilustrarea timpurilor in engleza vom folosi un verb regulat
Ca si in romana, verbul in engleza are 2 diateze: activa si pasiva

Verbul in Engleza la Diateza Activa

Actiunea e facuta de subiect

De exemplu luam verbul to work (a munci). In engleza verbul to work e regulat:work
- worked - worked
Iar verbul to fall (a cadea) e neregulat: fall - fell - fallen
Desi doar Alice in tara minunilor poate cadea cu verbul la un timp continuu (pentru
ca dureaza in timp), chiar si acest verb are timpuri continui pentru ca apare in
diferite expresii:

I am falling in love = Ma indragostesc

My life is falling apart = Mi se duce viata de rapa

Diferente intre timpurile verbelor regulate si timpurile verbelor neregulate nu exista.

Ceea ce se poate observa la verbul neregulat este ca cele trei cuvinte ex: fall, fell si
fallen sunt diferite una fata de alta. Verbele neregulate nu au o regula de formare a
celor trei, acestea trebuie memorate. Verbele regulate adauga ed la forma de baza
(prima forma) in cazul formei numarul doi si trei.

To work = A munci (verb regulat)

Present Tense

I work

You work

He works

She works

We work
You work

They work

Present Continuous

I am working

You are working

He is working

She is working

We are working

You are working

They are working

Present Perfect

I have worked

You have worked

He has worked

She has worked

We have worked

You have worked

They have worked

Present Perfect Continuous

I have been working

You have been working

He has been working

She has been working

We have been working

You have been working

They have been working

Past Tense

I worked

You worked

He worked
She worked

We worked

You worked

They worked

Past Continuous

I was working

You were working

He was working

She was working

We were working

You were working

They were working

Past Perfect

I had worked

You had worked

He had worked

She had worked

We had worked

You had worked

They had worked

Past Perfect Continuous

I had been working

You had been working

He had been working

She had been working

We had been working

You had been working

They had been working

Future Tense

I will work
You will work

He will work

She will work

We will work

You will work

They will work

Future Continuous

I will be working

You will be working

He will be working

She will be working

We will be working

You will be working

They will be working

Future Perfect
I will have worked

You will have worked

He will have worked

She will have worked

We will have worked

You will have worked

They will have worked

Future Perfect Continuous

I will have been working

You will have been working

He will have been working

She will have been working

We will have been working

You will have been working

They will have been working

1.1. I work - Present Tense - Timpul Prezent
Verbul exprima o actiune prezenta nelimitata in timp.

1.Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza

 O actiune prezenta in derulare (mereu, cateodata sau niciodata)

What do you do? I work in a bank. Cu ce te ocupi? Lucrez la o banca

She never works so late Ea niciodata nu lucreaza atat de tarziu

 Un adevar absolut, chiar daca se desfasoara si in clipa asta

The earth spins around the sun. Pamantul se invarteste in jurul soarelui.

 Se poate folosi pe post de viitor

The store closes at 9:00pm Magazinul se inchide la 9:00pm.

2.Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Tense din engleza

 Atunci cand verbul descrie o actiune care se desfasoara acum (in clipa dialogului) - atun
Prezentul Continuu.

I am working in the garden Lucrez in gradina

Folosind verbul in engleza la prezentul continuu indica faptul ca te referi la clipa asta.
I work in the garden (work e prezentul simplu) - inseamna ca asta e ocupatia ta. De exemplu ca
  Atentie!: viitorul din limba romana se traduce cu Present Tense in limba engleza dupa: after, b
soon as, while etc daca exprima o actiune viitoare:

Someday when I am big and strong. Candva, cand voi fi mare si puternic

Sus

1.2. I am working - Present Continuous - Prezent Continuu

Verbul exprima o actiune in derulare in prezent care se petrece simultan cu o alta
actiune. Este legat de actiuni concrete.

1. Situatii in care timpul prezent din romana este echivalent cu Present Continuous din engleza

 Verbul reprezinta o actiune ce se petrece in clipa asta (simultana cu momentul in care se vorbeste)

I am working on my new book. Lucrez la noua mea carte.

 Verbul descrie o actiune generala dar simultana cu o alta actiune

By the time the alarm goes off I am already working. Cand suna ceasul eu deja lucrez (am ince

2. Situatii in care prezentul limbii romane NU este echivalent cu Present Continuous din engleza

 Vezi cazurile timpului prezent 1.1. I work

Sus

1.3. I have worked - Present Perfect - Prezent Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment dat prezent

1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect al lim

 Daca actiunea a inceput inaintea momentului prezent si e inca in desfasurare sau daca efectul ei se
 I have worked all my adult life. Am muncit toata viata mea adulta (si inca mai muncesc).

 Daca verbul e insotit de un adverb (mereu, cateodata, niciodata etc):

I have never worked so late before. Niciodata nu am mai lucrat atat de tarziu (pana acum).

Atentie: Fata de 1.1. exista urmatoarea diferenta:

I never work so late. inseamna: Nu lucrez atat de tarziu (ca si in romana) adica refuzi ideea pentru ca n
niciodata atat de tarziu, pe cand I never have worked so late before inseamna ca desi nu ai mai lucrat
acum lucrezi (atat de tarziu).

2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus al limbii romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect din limba engl

 1. Cand se foloseste Present Perfect Continuous 1.4 I have been working

 2. Cand se foloseste Past Tense 1.5 I worked

Sus

1.4. I have been working - Present Perfect Continuous -

Prezent Perfect Continuu
O actiune care s-a desfasurat pana acum, si va continua probabil si in viitor.

1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Present Perfect Con
engleza

 Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa in trecut, continuata in prezent, si care poate continua si in vi

I have been working on the railroad Am muncit la calea ferata

All live long day Cat e ziua de lunga
I've been working on the railroad Am muncit la calea ferata
Just to while my time away. Ca sa mai treaca timpul.

E un binecunoscut cantec englezesc. Am muncit la calea ferata toata ziua si o voi face probabil

2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Present Perfect
engleza

 Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked

 Vezi cazurile timpului Past Tense 1.5. I worked

Sus

1.5. I worked - Past Tense - Timpul Trecut

Past Tense reprezinta actiunea care s-a desfasurat in trecut si s-a terminat.

1. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Tense din engle

 Verbul reprezinta o actiune trecuta ce nu a fost intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta actiune, nu se

prezent.

I worked till my hands hurt Am muncit pana ma dureau palmele.

Adica, am muncit dar acum m-am oprit.

 Deasemeni acest timp se foloseste foarte mult in povestiri (de exemplu vezi poeziile de la Literatura

2. Situatii in care Perfectul Compus (am muncit) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Tense din e

 Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.3. I have worked

 Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect Continuous 1.5. I have been working

Atentie! Exista situatii in care Past Tense din limba engleza nu se traduce prin Perfectul Compus (am muncit) di
exemplu vedeti primul caz de mai sus sau binecunoscutul cantec pentru copii de mai jos.

All around the cobbler's bench In jurul mesei cizmarului

The monkey chased the weasel Maimuta fugarea nevastuica
The monkey thought it was all in fun Maimuta credea ca se joaca
Pop! goes the weasel Bum! face nevastuica

Dupa cum vedeti verbul to chase cu Past Tense chased (e verb regulat la fel ca to work) se traduce pr
(Imperfect) sau fugari (considerat timpul folosit in povestiri in romaneste) iar thought(Past Tense de la
traduce tot prin Imperfect.

Atentie: Daca aveti indoieli ce timp trecut al verbului sa folositi in propozitii alegeti acest timp - Past Te
putin deranjanta greseala.

Sus

1.6. I was working - Past Continuous - Trecut Continuu

Past Continuous se refera la un eveniment in derulare la un moment in trecut care
se petrece simultan cu un alt eveniment.

1. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Continuous din limba

 Verbul exprima o actiune in trecut care a fost intrerupta de alta actiune (ca si "munceam" pe roma

I was working when the meteorite fell/the phone rang/you Munceam cand meteoritul a cazut/a sun
showed up. aparut tu.

I was walking in the park one day Ma plimbam in parc intr-o zi

In the merry, merry month of May In vesela, vesela luna Mai
I was taken by surprise Am fost luat prin surprindere
By a pair of pearly eyes De niste ochi perlati
In the merry, merry month of May In vesela, vesela luna Mai.

Atentie: In cantecul de mai sus was walking este Past Continuous dar was taken nu este Past Continuous. I was t
fost luat (este la Diateza Pasiva). Daca vrei sa exprimi verbul la Past Continuous zici I was taking.

2. Situatii in care Imperfectul (munceam) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Continuous din en

 Verbul folosit nu are forma continua - atunci se foloseste deobicei Past Tense.

He wanted to come with us. El vroia sa vina cu noi. (was wanting e gresit)

 Actiunea e de durata, e o rutina pe care nu o mai practicam - atunci se foloseste used to

sa/obisnuiai sa etc.
 As a boy, I used to wander through the woods Fiind baiet, paduri cutreieram

 Verbul arata o actiune inceputa inaintea unui moment dat sau inaintea altei actiuni din tre
foloseste Past Perfect

I had worked as a goldminer for a long time when I finally Lucram de mult timp ca miner de aur can
struck it rich. de bogatii.

Sus

1.7. I had worked - Past Perfect - Trecut Perfect

Verbul reprezinta o actiune inceputa anterioara unui moment trecut sau anterioara
unei actiuni trecute.

1. Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) din limba romana este echivalent cu Past Pe

 Verbul este o actiune ce s-a terminat in trecut fata de momentul/actiunea tot trecuta la care se rapo

Emily a spus (trecut) ca lucrase in gradina (si mai vechi) in dimineata aceea
Emily said she had worked in her garden that morning.

Sus

1.8. I had been working - Past Perfect Continuous - Trecut

Perfect Continuu
Verbul reprezinta o actiune in curs pana la un moment dat trecut cand a fost oprit de
o alta actiune a carui urmari continua si azi.

1. Situatii in care imperfectul (munceam, lucram) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect Continuou

 Verbul exprima o actiune trecuta, ce se afla inca in desfasurare, in momentul cand s-a produs o alta
trecut.

They had been working on the new house before the fire destroyed it (Ei)lucrau la casa cea noua inainte sa fi
He had been working slowly before hearing of the new deadline. (El)muncea incet inainte sa afle de noul

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul (muncisem, lucrasem) limbii romane este echivalent cu Past Perfect C
engleza

They had been working on the new house for many months before the (Ei) lucrasera luni de zile la casa cea no
fire destroyed it distrusa de foc

Situatii in care mai mult ca perfectul si/sau imperfectul din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Past Perfe
din engleza

 Vezi cazurile timpului Present Perfect 1.6. I was working

 Vezi cazurile timpului Past Continuous 1.7. I had worked

Sus

1.9. I will work - Future Tense (I am going to work) -

Timpul Viitor
Verbul reprezinta o actiune viitoare nelimitata in timp.

1. Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana este echivalent cu Future Tense din englez

 Daca verbul reprezinta o actiune in viitor si nu va fi intrerupta, nu e concomitenta cu alta actiune f

Tense.

I will work OK? Am sa muncesc, BINE?

Someday when I am big and strong
I will walk that road and sing a song
I will sing of roads so green and wide
That turn and bend from side to side
I will sing of roads that turn and bend
That go from town to rainbow's end
Intr-o zi cand voi fi mare si puternic
Voi merge pe acel drum si voi canta un cantec
Voi canta despre drumuri verzi si late
Care se indoaie si serpuiesc dintr-o parte in alta
Voi canta despre drumuri serpuitoare
Care merg din oras pana la capatul curcubeului

Atentie: vezi (1.1 I work) pentru primul vers din poezia de mai sus
2.Situatii in care verbul la viitor (voi munci) din limba romana NU este echivalent cu Future Tense din eng

Cand verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor - atunci se foloseste Future Contin
be working

I will be working in Paris next year Voi lucra la Paris la anul

Un alt mod de a exprima viitorul e folosind to be going to - intentionez sa, am de gand sa

I am going to wait for him at the station Il voi astepta la gara.

Sus

1.10. I will be working - Future Conntinuous - Viitor

Continuu
Verbul reprezinta o actiune in derulare la un moment dat in viitor

She will be coming round the mountain when she comes Cand vine, (ea) va veni in jurul mun

Sus

1.11. I will have worked - Future Perfect - Viitor Perfect

Echivalentul lui voi fi lucrat

I will have worked for 20 years next month. Luna viitoare eu o sa fi lucrat de 20 de
ani.
Sus

1.12. I will have been working - Future Perfect Continuous

- Viitor Perfect Continuu
Acest timp nu prea se foloseste, pune mai mult accentul pe perioada lunga de timp
decat 1.11 Future Continuous

Se traduce tot prin voi fi lucrat, si ca toate formele de timpuri continue implica o
actiune in derulare
By 2020 he will have been working for 40 years In 2020 el va fi lucrat de 40 de ani

Sus

Verbul in Engleza la Diateza Pasiva

Actiunea e suportata de subiect. Diateza pasiva exista si in limba romana

De exemplu verbul to wash - a spala (verb regulat: wash - washed - washed)

Eu spal rufele saptamanal (Diateza Activa) devine Rufele sunt spalate

saptamanal (de mine)

2.1 I wash the laundry weekly - The laundry is washed weekly (by me).
2.2 I am washing laundry now - The laundry is being washed now (by me).
2.3 I have washed the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.4 I have been washing the laundry - The laundry has been washed (by me).
2.5 I washed the laundry yesterday - The laundry was washed yesterday (by me).
2.6 I was washing the laundry - The laundry was being washed (by me).
2.7 I had washed the laundry- The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.8 I had been washing the laundry - The laundry had been washed (by me).
2.9 I will wash the laundry- The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.10 I will be washing the laundry - The laundry will be washed (by me).
2.11 I will have washed the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by me).
2.12 I will have been washing the laundry - The laundry will have been washed (by
me).