Date Initiale Simbol

Viteza maxima a autovehiculului Vmax

Greutatea autovehicului in gol G0
Numarul de locururi(pasageri) Np
Dimensiuni pneuri
Latimea autovehicului l
Panta maxima urcata α
Puterea maxima Pmax
Turatia la puterea maxima np
Cuplu maxim Mmax
Înaltimea autovehicului H
Turatia de cuplu maxim nMax

I.TRASAREA CARACTERISTICII EXTERNE

Puterea la viteza maxima Pvmax
Greutatea totala a autovehiculului Ga
Greutatea pasageri Gp
Greutatea bagaje Gb
Coificientul de rezistenta la rulare f
Coificientul aerodinamic k
Aria sectiunii transversale A
Coificientul de corectie cc
Randamentul transmisiei nt
Puterea maxima dezvoltata de motor Pmax
Coificientul de elasticitate al motorului Ce
Coificientul α1 α1
Coificientul α2 α2
Coificientul α3 α3
Raportul turatiilor nvmax/np
Turatia maxima nmax
f(nvmax/np)
Turatia minima nmin
Turatia minima stabilita nminstabil
Consumul minim cmin
II.Determinarea raportului transmisiei principale i0
Raportul de transmisie principal i0
Viteza maxima a autovehiculului vmax
Turatia la viteza maxima nvmax
Raza de rulare rr
Diametrul pneului d
Înaltimea pneului H
Consumul minim cmin
Înaltimea pneului H
III.Etajarea cutiei deviteze
Forta la roata F'r=Ftmax
Coificientul de rezistenta la rulare f
Cosin αmax
Sinus αmax
Momentul maxim N*m
Raportul in treapta I icv1
Ratia de etajare initiala q*
Numarul minim al treptelor de viteza kmin
Numarul treptelor de viteza k
Ratia de etajare a cutiei de viteza q
Raportul in treapta a 2 icv2
Raportul in treapta 3 icv3
Raportul in treapta 4 icv4
Raportul in treapta 5 icv5

Etapa II. Proiectarea ambreiajului

3.Determinarea dimensiunilor garniturilor de frecare
Suprafata garniturilor de frecare A
Coificientul care depinde de tipul automobilului λ
Momentul maxim Mmax
Coificientul dimensional c
Raza exterioara a garniturilor Re
Raza exterioara a garniturilor STAS Re STAS
Raza interioara a garniturilor Ri STAS
Diametrul exterior al garniturilor De
Diametrul interor al garniturilor Di
Aria admisibila a garniturilor de frecare Aad
Raza medie a suprafetelor de frecare Rm
Grosimea discului de frictiune g
4. Determinarea fortei de apasare necesare
Forta de apasare necesara F
Momentul de calcul Mc
Coificientul de calcul ß
Coificientul de frecare al materialelor de azbest-fonta µ
Numarul de suprafete de frecare i
5.Determinarea presiunii specifice dintre suprafetele de frecare
Presiunea specifica P
Aria suprafetelor A'
6. Verificarea la uzura
Lucru mecanic specific de frecare a Ls(a)
a. Lucru mecanic aproximativ Laprox a
Coificientul care arata gradul de crestere a momentului de frecare k
Lucrul mecanic specific de frecare a Lsa
Coificientul ψ ψ
Coificientul de rezistenta la rulare f
b.Lucrul mecanic aproximativ Laprox b
Turatia de calcul n=Nm
Lucrul mecanic specific de frecare b Ls(b)
Numarul de discuri nd
7.Verificarea la incalzire
Cresterea de temperatura la cuplare a ∆t(a)
Coificientul care exprima cantitatea delucru mecanic transformat in caldurϒ
Masa discului de presiune Mp
Grosimea discului de presiune gp
Caldura specifica a piesei verificate c
Raza exterioara a piesei Rep
Raza interioara a piesei Rip
Densitatea la otel ρ
Densitatea la fonta ρ
Cresterea de temperatura la cuplare b ∆t(b)
V.Calculul arcului diafragma
Sageata suplimentara Δf
Numarul de discuri nd
Jocul necesar intre garnituri si discul de presiune jd
Uzura admisibila a unei garnituri Δu1
Uzura admisibila a unei garnituri calculata Δu1 adm
Jocul dintre capatul int. a arcului diafragma si rulmentului de presiune δ
Caracteristicile constructive ale arcului pentru b b
Caracteristicile constructive ale arcului pentru a a
Caracteristicile constructive ale arcului pentru c c
Caracteristicile constructive ale arcului pentru e e
Diametrul exterior al arborelui de
Numarul de taieturi z
Diametrul interior al arborelui canelat di
Tensiunea admisibila la torsiune τat
Diametrul interior a arborelui canelat STAS diSTAS
Diametrul exterior al arborelui STAS deSTAS
Inaltimea partii continue a arcului H
Inaltimea totala a arcului Ht
Grosimea arcului de diafragma h
Coeficientul η η
Latimea unei lamele l1
Forta F¯1 F¯1
Modulul de elasticitate E'
Forta F1 minima necesara F1min
 Unitati de masura Formule
km/h date initiale 190
kg
-

mm
"
Kw
rpm
Nm
mm
rpm

kW {Ga*f*Vmax+[(k*A*Vmax^(3))/13]}/367*nt
kgf G0+Np*(Gp+Gb)
kgf 75
kgf 20
1,65*10^(-2)*[1+6,5*10^(-3)*(Vmax-50)]
daN*s^(2)*m^(-4) 0.02-0.035
m^(2) H*l*cc
0.98-1
0.88-0.92
kW Pvmax/f(nvmax/np)
nMax/np
3-4*Ce/2*(1-Ce)
2*Ce/2*(1-Ce)
(-1)/(2*(1-Ce))
1.05:1.25
rpm 1,15*np
α1*nvmax/np+α2*(nvmax/np)^(2)+α3*(nvmax/np)^(3)
rpm 0,15*np
rpm nmin+120
g 300

pi*nvmax*rr/30*Vmax
m/s Vmax*1000/3600
rpm 1.15*np
m d/2+H
m 15*25.4*10^(-3)
m 0.65*195*10^(-3)
g 300
m 0.65*195*10^(-3)

N Ga*(f*cosαmax+sinαmax)
(1.4-1.6)*10^(-2)
cos17°
 sin17°

(Ftmax*rr)/(Mmax*i0*nt)
nvmax/nMax
1+(lnicv1/lnq*)
>kmin+1
icv1/^(1/3)
icv1/q
icv1/q^2
icv1/q^3
icv1/q^4

cm^(2) A=λ*Mmax
cm^(2)/daN*m λ=25-30
daN*m
c=Ri/Re=0.53-0.75
cm Re=sqrt*(µ*Mmax/pi*(1-c^(2))*i)
mm
mm
mm
mm
cm^(2) A=pi*(Re^(2)-Ri^(2))*i*10^(-2)
mm Rm=(2/3)*(Re^(3)-Ri^(3))/(Re^(2)-Ri^(2))
mm

N F=(ß*Mmax)/(µ*i*Rm)
N*m Mc=ß*Mmax
ß=1.3-1.4
µ=0.3-0.4

Mpa P=F/A'<=Pa=0.15-0.35
mm^(2) A'=(PI/4)*(De^2-Di^2)

daN*m/cm ^2 Ls(a)=L/(2*nd*A')
daN*m
daN*m/s k=30-50
daN*m/cm ^2 Ls<=Lsa=10-12
ψ=fcosαmax+sinαmax
f=0.02-0.03
daN*m Laproxb=357.3*Ga*(rr^2/(i0^2*icv1^2))
rpm n=nM=4000
daN*m/cm ^2 Ls(b)=L/(2*nd*A')

C° ∆t(a)=ϒ*L/(427*c*Mp)
 ϒ=0.5
kg Mp=ρ*pi*(Rep^2-Rip^2)*gp
gp=10-18
kcal/kg*C° cotel~cfonta~0.115
mm Rep=Re+3-5
mm Rip=Ri-2-4
kg/dm^3 ρ=7,85
kg/dm^3 ρ=7.25
C° ∆t(b)=ϒ*L/(427*c*Mp)

mm Δf=2nd*jd

mm jd=0.75-1.5
mm Δu1=1-1.5
mm Δu1adm=2*nd*Δu1
mm δ=1.5-2.5
mm Ri<b<Re(b=Re-(5-15)mm)
mm a=b-(10-25)mm
mm c=a-1/3*(b-a)
mm e=de/2+(3-10)mm
mm de<2*e
z>=12
mm di=((16*β*Mmax)/(pi*τat))^(1/3)
MPa τat=100-120MPa
mm
mm
mm H=2.5-4(max 5mm)
mm Ht=H*(b-e)/(b-a)
mm h=1;1.15;1.25;1.5;1;75;2;2;25;2.5
η=(l1*z)/(pi*(a+e))
rad l1=2*pi/z*((a+e)/2)-(2-4)
F¯1=F1*(6*(b-c)^2)/(pi*E'*h^4)
MPa E'=E/(1-μp^2)
N F1min=Mmax/(μ*i*Rm)
Valori
170
1055
5
195/65R15
1650
17
66
6000
125
1430
4000

66.361070624
1530
75
20
0.02937
0.022
2.335905
0.99
0.9
70.6955942462
0.6666666667
0.5
2
-1.5
1.15
6900
0.9386875
900
1020
300

4.8519095294
47.2222222222
6900
0.31725
0.381
0.12675
300
0.12675

4617.9500714442
0.016
0.956304756
 0.292371705
131.277791
2.5556677927
1.725
2.7209592879
4
1.3672086581
1.8692595147
1.3672086581
1
0.7314172523

366.8
28
13.1
0.62
9.2016687656
125
77.5
280
165
604.3460625
103.1069958848

3557.4695669527
183.4
1.4
0.25
2

0.0885128387
40191.565625

10.571112209
8497.391001508
50

0.307672581
0.03
357.843819153
4000
0.4451727789
1

14.5304212769
 0.5
5.9545875569
21
0.115
130
73.5
7.85
7.25
0.6119079895

1.8
1
0.9
1.2
2.4
1.8
111
99
95
20
40
14
20.4157610302
110
21
26
4
30.3333333333
2.25
0.8876553343
23.7035375555
0.2987317346
227180.527383367
2546.4380932349
n (rot/min) Pe (kW) Me (N*m)
1000 9.3278909075 89.0813581665
1100 10.579301114 91.8475687622
1200 11.8768598334 94.5200095072
1300 13.2176214159 97.0986804015
1400 14.5986402118 99.5835814451
1500 16.0169705714 101.9747126379
1600 17.4696668448 104.2720739801
1700 18.9537833824 106.4756654716
1800 20.4663745343 108.5854871124
1900 22.0044946508 110.6015389025
2000 23.5651980821 112.5238208419
2100 25.1455391784 114.3523329305
2200 26.7425722901 116.0870751685
2300 28.3533517674 117.7280475558
2400 29.9749319604 119.2752500924
2500 31.6043672194 120.7286827783
2600 33.2387118948 122.0883456134
2700 34.8750203366 123.3542385979
2800 36.5103468951 124.5263617317
2900 38.1417459207 125.6047150147
3000 39.7662717635 126.5892984471
3100 41.3809787737 127.4801120288
3200 42.9829213017 128.2771557597
3300 44.5691536976 128.98042964
3400 46.1367303117 129.5899336695
3500 47.6827054942 130.1056678484
3600 49.2041335954 130.5276321766
3700 50.6980689654 130.855826654
3800 52.1615659547 131.0902512808
3900 53.5916789133 131.2309060568
4000 54.9854621915 131.2777909822
4100 56.3399701396 131.2309060568
4200 57.6522571078 131.0902512808
4300 58.9193774463 130.855826654
4400 60.1383855054 130.5276321766
4500 61.3063356354 130.1056678484
4600 62.4202821864 129.5899336695
4700 63.4772795087 128.98042964
4800 64.4743819525 128.2771557597
4900 65.4086438682 127.4801120288
5000 66.2771196058 126.5892984471
5100 67.0768635157 125.6047150147
5200 67.8049299481 124.5263617317
5300 68.4583732533 123.3542385979
5400 69.0342477814 122.0883456134
5500 69.5296078828 120.7286827783
5600 69.9415079076 119.2752500924
5700 70.2670022061 117.7280475558
5800 70.5031451285 116.0870751685
5900 70.6469910252 114.3523329305
6000 70.6955942462 112.5238208419
6100 70.6460091419 110.6015389025
6200 70.4952900625 108.5854871124
6300 70.2404913582 106.4756654716
6400 69.8786673794 104.2720739801
6500 69.4068724761 101.9747126379
6600 68.8221609987 99.5835814451
6700 68.1215872974 97.0986804015
6800 67.3022057224 94.5200095072
6900 66.361070624 91.8475687622

80

70

60

50

40

30

20
20

10

0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600
Ch (kg/h) ce (g/kWh) ce/15(g/kW*h) Me/2.5 (N*m)
4.1239096649 442.1052632179 29.4736842145 35.6325432666
4.5363006314 428.7901991394 28.586013276 36.7390275049
4.9486915979 416.6666667232 27.7777777815 37.8080038029
5.3610825644 405.6011589155 27.040077261 38.8394721606
5.7734735309 395.4802260424 26.3653484028 39.833432578
6.1858644974 386.2068966042 25.7471264403 40.7898850552
6.5982554639 377.6978417779 25.1798561185 41.7088295921
7.0106464304 369.8811096935 24.6587406462 42.5902661886
7.4230373969 362.6943005674 24.1796200378 43.434194845
7.8354283634 356.0830861018 23.7388724068 44.240615561
8.2478193298 350.0000000475 23.3333333365 45.0095283367
8.6602102963 344.4034440812 22.9602296054 45.7409331722
9.0726012628 339.2568659588 22.6171243973 46.4348300674
9.4849922293 334.528076509 22.3018717673 47.0912190223
9.8973831958 330.1886792901 22.0125786193 47.710100037
10.3097741623 326.2135922773 21.7475728185 48.2914731113
10.7221651288 322.5806452051 21.505376347 48.8353382454
11.1345560953 319.270239496 21.2846826331 49.3416954392
11.5469470618 316.2650602839 21.0843373523 49.8105446927
11.9593380283 313.5498320694 20.903322138 50.2418860059
12.3717289948 311.1111111534 20.7407407436 50.6357193788
12.7841199613 308.9371092733 20.5958072849 50.9920448115
13.1965109277 307.0175439013 20.4678362601 51.3108623039
13.6089018942 305.3435114918 20.3562340995 51.592171856
14.0212928607 303.9073806491 20.2604920433 51.8359734678
14.4336838272 302.7027027438 20.1801801829 52.0422671394
14.8460747937 301.724137972 20.1149425315 52.2110528706
15.2584657602 300.9673952397 20.064493016 52.3423306616
15.6708567267 300.4291845901 20.028612306 52.4361005123
16.0832476932 300.1071811769 20.0071454118 52.4923624227
16.4956386597 300.0000000407 20.0000000027 52.5111163929
16.9080296262 300.1071811769 20.0071454118 52.4923624227
17.3204205927 300.4291845901 20.028612306 52.4361005123
17.7328115592 300.9673952397 20.064493016 52.3423306616
18.1452025257 301.724137972 20.1149425315 52.2110528706
18.5575934921 302.7027027438 20.1801801829 52.0422671394
18.9699844586 303.9073806491 20.2604920433 51.8359734678
19.3823754251 305.3435114918 20.3562340995 51.592171856
19.7947663916 307.0175439013 20.4678362601 51.3108623039
20.2071573581 308.9371092733 20.5958072849 50.9920448115
20.6195483246 311.1111111534 20.7407407436 50.6357193788
21.0319392911 313.5498320694 20.903322138 50.2418860059
21.4443302576 316.2650602839 21.0843373523 49.8105446927
21.8567212241 319.270239496 21.2846826331 49.3416954392
22.2691121906 322.5806452051 21.505376347 48.8353382454
22.6815031571 326.2135922773 21.7475728185 48.2914731113
23.0938941236 330.1886792901 22.0125786193 47.710100037
23.5062850901 334.528076509 22.3018717673 47.0912190223
23.9186760565 339.2568659588 22.6171243973 46.4348300674
24.331067023 344.4034440812 22.9602296054 45.7409331722
24.7434579895 350.0000000475 23.3333333365 45.0095283367
25.155848956 356.0830861018 23.7388724068 44.240615561
25.5682399225 362.6943005674 24.1796200378 43.434194845
25.980630889 369.8811096935 24.6587406462 42.5902661886
26.3930218555 377.6978417779 25.1798561185 41.7088295921
26.805412822 386.2068966042 25.7471264403 40.7898850552
27.2178037885 395.4802260424 26.3653484028 39.833432578
27.630194755 405.6011589155 27.040077261 38.8394721606
28.0425857215 416.6666667232 27.7777777815 37.8080038029
28.454976688 428.7901991394 28.586013276 36.7390275049

Caracteristici externe

P
C
c
M
800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 3200 3400 3600 3800 4000 4200 4400 4600 4800 5000 5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200

n(rpm)
Pe (kW)
Ch (kg/h)
ce/15(g/kW*h)
Me/2.5 (N*m)
5800 6000 6200
b[mm] a[mm] c[mm] e[mm] H[mm] h[mm]2 β E' F1min Δu1 adm F apasare
108 101 95 20 4 2 1.4 227180.5 2546.438 2.4 3557.47
f¯1 F¯12 f1[mm] F1[N] F2¯ f2¯2 F2[N] f2[mm]
0.1 0.032433 0.2 365.2453 0.006919 0.46875 -82.3949 1.054688
0.2 0.062759 0.4 706.7659 0.013388 0.9375 -159.438 2.109375 Chart Title
0.3 0.091036 0.6 1025.218 0.019421 1.40625 -231.277 3.164063
4000
0.4 0.117323 0.8 1321.259 0.025029 1.875 -298.06 4.21875
0.5 0.141679 1 1595.544 0.030225 2.34375 -359.935 5.273438
3500
0.6 0.164161 1.2 1848.73 0.035021 2.8125 -417.051 6.328125
0.7 0.184828 1.4 2081.473 0.03943 3.28125 -469.555 7.382813
0.8 0.203738 1.6 2294.43 0.043464 3.75 -517.595 8.4375 3000
0.9 0.220949 1.8 2488.258 0.047136 4.21875 -561.321 9.492188
1 0.23652 2 2663.612 0.050458 4.6875 -600.878 10.54688 2500
F1[N]
1.1 0.250509 2.2 2821.149 0.053442 5.15625 -636.417 11.60156 F2¯
1.2 0.262974 2.4 2961.526 0.056101 5.625 -668.084 12.65625 2000
f2¯2
1.3 0.273973 2.6 3085.398 0.058448 6.09375 -696.028 13.71094 Axis Title
1.4 0.283566 2.8 3193.423 0.060494 6.5625 -720.397 14.76563 1500
1.5 0.291809 3 3286.256 0.062253 7.03125 -741.339 15.82031
1.6 0.298762 3.2 3364.555 0.063736 7.5 -759.002 16.875 1000
1.7 0.304482 3.4 3428.975 0.064956 7.96875 -773.535 17.92969
1.8 0.309028 3.6 3480.173 0.065926 8.4375 -785.085 18.98438 500
1.9 0.312458 3.8 3518.806 0.066658 8.90625 -793.8 20.03906
2 0.314831 4 3545.529 0.067164 9.375 -799.828 21.09375 0
2 8 4 2 .6 .2 .8 .4 5 6 2
2.1 0.316205 4.2 3560.999 0.067457 9.84375 -803.318 22.14844 0 . 0. 1. 2 3 3 4 5. 6.
2.2 0.316638 4.4 3565.873 0.067549 10.3125 -804.417 23.20313
2.3 0.316188 4.6 3560.807 0.067453 10.78125 -803.275 24.25781
2.4 0.314914 4.8 3546.458 0.067182 11.25 -800.037 25.3125
2.5 0.312874 5 3523.481 0.066746 11.71875 -794.854 26.36719
2.6 0.310126 5.2 3492.533 0.06616 12.1875 -787.873 27.42188
2.7 0.306728 5.4 3454.272 0.065435 12.65625 -779.241 28.47656
2.8 0.302739 5.6 3409.352 0.064584 13.125 -769.108 29.53125
2.9 0.298218 5.8 3358.431 0.06362 13.59375 -757.621 30.58594
 3 0.293221 6 3302.164 0.062554 14.0625 -744.928 31.64063
3.1 0.287809 6.2 3241.209 0.061399 14.53125 -731.177 32.69531